• Intestinal IgA, which is regulated by gut microbiota, has a crucial role in maintenance of intestinal homeostasis and in protecting the intestines from inflammation. (nature.com)
  • However, the means by which microbiota promotes intestinal IgA responses remain unclear. (nature.com)
  • We reported here that microbiota metabolite short-chain fatty acid acetate promoted intestinal IgA responses, which was mediated by "metabolite-sensing" GPR43. (nature.com)
  • Our studies thus identified a new pathway by which microbiota promotes intestinal IgA response through its metabolites. (nature.com)
  • 1 Despite enormous challenges by the microbiota, the intestine lives in harmony with it, in part due to interactions of the microbiota with the host to maintain intestinal homeostasis. (nature.com)
  • 14 , 16 However, under steady-state conditions, lack of TLR signaling in MyD88 −/− mice results in more intestinal IgA production compared with that in WT mice after colonization with commensal bacteria, which has been considered as a mechanism functionally compensating for innate immune deficiency in the clearance of invading microbiota. (nature.com)
  • A large number of studies have shown that intestinal microbiota disorder is an important factor in the pathogenesis of obesity-based metabolic diseases. (sanxinherbs.com)
  • Therefore, targeting intestinal microbiota regulation is considered as an important new strategy for theprevention and treatment of metabolic diseases. (sanxinherbs.com)
  • The axis hypothesis of "drug-intestinal microbiota - metabolite - host metabolism" was proposed to improve NAFLD formation by APS. (sanxinherbs.com)
  • Multiple factors probably play a role, but evidence indicates that one big factor is the intestinal microbiota. (chriskresser.com)
  • And a major contributor to disordered intestinal microbiota is antibiotic overuse. (chriskresser.com)
  • Just a single course of antibiotics can reduce the richness and diversity of the intestinal microbiota, and in many cases, people never completely regain the diversity they lost. (chriskresser.com)
  • Both, the microbiota and the host, establish mutual relationships that comprise, among other contributors, the intestinal immune system. (europa.eu)
  • Intestinal microbiota metabolism of L-carnitine, a nutrient in red meat, promotes atherosclerosis. (naturalmedicinejournal.com)
  • This data confirms that TMAO production from dietary L-carnitine in humans is dependent on intestinal microbiota. (naturalmedicinejournal.com)
  • The intestinal mucosa establishes state of hypo-responsiveness against commensal bacteria and of active readiness against pathogens. (nature.com)
  • Lactase is a disaccharidase present on the surface of the small intestinal mucosa of mammals. (selfgrowth.com)
  • It is distributed in foci in the intestinal mucosa. (selfgrowth.com)
  • Such methods are mainly aimed at secondary lactase deficiency caused by diffuse lesions of the small intestinal mucosa. (selfgrowth.com)
  • As mentioned above, the project aimed to investigate the mechanisms regulating lipid-mediated immunity in the intestinal mucosa by examining the crosstalk between ILCs and NKT cells. (europa.eu)
  • To understand how the intestinal mucosa and regulation of incretin hormones are affected in patients subjected to gastric bypass surgery, an operation that often cures type 2 diabetes. (lu.se)
  • Improper regulation of adult stem cells and tissue homeostasis can result in cancers and age-dependent decline. (nih.gov)
  • To maintain gut homeostasis intestinal stem cells (ISCs) constantly replace damaged ones. (researchbib.com)
  • One of the important strategies to generate immune protection and maintain intestinal homeostasis is the production of IgA, the most abundant antibody isotype in the host, which provides a first line of immune protection at the mucosal surface. (nature.com)
  • As a result of the progress of the project, it was found that NKT cell-APCs crosstalk is a key mechanism for the regulation of intestinal homeostasis. (europa.eu)
  • We traditionally recognize vitamin D as the key vitamin for regulation of bone metabolism and homeostasis, but I want you to think out of the box here. (medscape.com)
  • Regulation of systemic iron homeostasis: how the body responds to changes in iron demand. (medscape.com)
  • The source of human intestinal lactase mainly depends on the body's own synthesis, a small amount of synthesis and secretion of probiotics in the intestinal tract, and supplementation with exogenous lactase. (selfgrowth.com)
  • Since many of the functions of IL-22 in the intestine are incompletely understood, this review is meant to assess our current understanding of the roles of IL-22 and provide new opportunities for inquiry to improve human intestinal health and disease. (wustl.edu)
  • Regulation of survival and proliferationof human intestinal epithelial cells by leukotriene D4. (lu.se)
  • Lactase is a disaccharidase present on the surface of mammalian small intestinal mucosal microvilli, and many beneficial intestinal bacteria have the ability to produce lactase. (selfgrowth.com)
  • In fact, many people cannot digest and absorb lactose after drinking milk due to the lack of lactase in the small intestinal epithelial cells. (selfgrowth.com)
  • Cry1Ac toxin administration induced a strong immune response in serum but in the small intestinal fluids only anti-Cry1Ac IgA antibodies were detected. (scielo.br)
  • Using single cell RNA sequencing, we aim to identify which cellular processes are affected by type 2 diabetes and in which islet and small intestinal cell type this occurs. (lu.se)
  • Tumor-specific apoptosis caused by deletion of the ERBB3 pseudo-kinase in mouse intestinal epithelium. (nature.com)
  • Epigenetic regulation of immune tolerance in intestinal epithelium. (mpg.de)
  • Houkai Li's team demonstrated in previous studies that astragalus membranaceus polysaccharides, the main effective part of astragalus membranaceus, could improve obesity and NAFLD, and observed the regulatory effect of ASTRagalus membranaceus polysaccharides on intestinal flora and metabolites through metagenomic combined with untargeted metabonomics analysis. (sanxinherbs.com)
  • Based on this scientific hypothesis, the research team explored specific intestinal bacteria and related metabolites regulated by APS through multi-omics combination strategy, and found that THE improvement of NAFLD by APS not only has the characteristics of flora dependence, but also can significantly enrich intestinal bacteria (Desulfovibrio Vulgaris). (sanxinherbs.com)
  • This study provided new evidence to explain the mechanism of APS in improving NAFLD, and also provided a reference for exploring the mechanism of APS in regulating intestinal flora and improving host metabolism with the help of multiomics technology. (sanxinherbs.com)
  • The abuse of antibiotics is prohibited, because inappropriate use of antibiotics can inhibit the reproduction of normal probiotic flora, hinder the metabolism of lactose by intestinal microorganisms, thereby aggravating the symptoms of lactose intolerance. (selfgrowth.com)
  • After several weeks in conventional cages, allowing recolonization of intestinal flora, the same mice acquired the ability to produce d3-TMAO. (naturalmedicinejournal.com)
  • Intestinal flora / C. Kunz, S. Kuntz, S. Rudloff -- 7. (who.int)
  • The gut flora is also involved in the regulation of a range of important processes related to glucose and energy regulation. (lu.se)
  • Supplementing folic acid and zinc preparations can promote the repair of intestinal epithelial cells and the recovery of lactase activity. (selfgrowth.com)
  • Sigalling and trafficking of the cysteinyl leukotriene receptors in intestinal epithelial cells. (lu.se)
  • Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intestinal absorption. (planteome.org)
  • Link to all annotated objects annotated to positive regulation of intestinal absorption. (planteome.org)
  • Link to all direct and indirect annotations to positive regulation of intestinal absorption. (planteome.org)
  • In the digestive system, VIP seems to induce smooth muscle relaxation (lower esophageal sphincter, stomach, gallbladder), stimulate secretion of water into pancreatic juice and bile, and cause inhibition of gastric acid secretion and absorption from the intestinal lumen. (wikipedia.org)
  • Furthermore, oral lipid intake increases Pro-NT levels, which facilitates triglyceride increase in blood in healthy individuals, supporting intestinal lipid absorption as being one key action of Pro-NT. (lu.se)
  • 1 Intestinal aGvHD is a serious complication characterized by inflammation of the GI tract which can affect patients undergoing allo-HSCT, a common treatment for blood cancers. (businesswire.com)
  • Ubiquitin Ligase TRIM62 Regulates CARD9-Mediated Anti-fungal Immunity and Intestinal Inflammation. (broadinstitute.org)
  • It affects the microbiome and has a direct effect on host intestinal inflammation. (medscape.com)
  • A large number of studies have shown that plant polysaccharides have definite effects on metabolism regulation, but the exact mechanism is not completely clear. (sanxinherbs.com)
  • Molecular regulation of lipid metabolism. (wur.nl)
  • The aim is to further understand the molecular regulation of lipid metabolism in liver, adipose tissue, and intestine, partly via elucidating the functional role of specific genes. (wur.nl)
  • The professor of epigenetics is inspired by the intestinal regulation of metabolism. (helsinki.fi)
  • Thanks to the funding awarded to the Centre of Excellence in Stem Cell Metabolism, we have developed effective new analysis techniques with which we are able to collect enormous quantities of high-quality data on intestinal cells and their metabolism. (helsinki.fi)
  • These findings indicate that thylakoids modulate the gut microbial composition, which might be important for the regulation of body weight and energy metabolism. (lu.se)
  • The focus is on the nutritional programming and systems biology of intestinal health, with special interest in dietary fiber, the gut microbiome, transcriptomics, and epigenetics. (wur.nl)
  • Then Bacteroides dominate the intestinal microbiome followed by Clostridium, Endosporus and Acuformis. (researchgate.net)
  • Cryopreserved Mouse Intestinal Organoids provide a convenient way to establish or standardize intestinal organoid cultures in your laboratory. (stemcell.com)
  • Each vial contains 200 mouse intestinal organoids derived from the small intestine of C57BL/6 mice that were cultured in IntestiCult™ Organoid Growth Medium (Mouse) and cryopreserved in CryoStor® CS10. (stemcell.com)
  • Using cryopreserved Mouse Intestinal Organoids enables establishment of intestinal organoid cultures without the need to isolate intestinal crypts from primary tissue, eliminating the need for access to fresh mouse tissue and making it easy to standardize experimental starting materials. (stemcell.com)
  • It is proposed that the absence of an increase in intestinal cell division infers that APC regulates intestinal crypt differentiation, specifically through the crypt cycle. (ox.ac.uk)
  • However, elevated plasma Pro-NT was associated with impaired glucose regulations assessed as insulin secretion and action and HbA1c in the Iraqi-population only. (lu.se)
  • Further investigation in this area will allow us to understand how proper regulation of ISCs maintenance and differentiation can assist to ensure intestinal integrity. (researchbib.com)
  • It's critical to regulatory actions in the gut, as it relates to proliferation and differentiation, intestinal barrier function, innate immunity, and host response. (medscape.com)
  • Polylactose is composed of glucose and galactose, these two monosaccharides are easily absorbed by the intestinal lumen and are an important source of human tissue structure and energy. (selfgrowth.com)
  • Intestinal aGvHD can occur after stem cell transplantation when the immune cells of the donor (the graft) consider the recipient's body (the host) as foreign and attack the organs and tissue. (businesswire.com)
  • And stem cell regulation is very important in terms of maintaining tissue function in the elderly. (helsinki.fi)
  • Cunningham, K.M., Read, N.W. (1988) Regulation of Gastric Emptying by Ileal Nutrients in Humans. (nickread.co.uk)
  • In humans, the vasoactive intestinal peptide is encoded by the VIP gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • Paneth cells constitute the niche for Lgr5 stem cells in intestinal crypts. (nature.com)
  • Title : Study of intestinal helminth infections in a coastal South Carolina area Personal Author(s) : Jeffery, Geoffrey M.;Phifer, Kenneth O.;Gatch, Donald E.;Harrison, Andrew J.;Skinner, Jimmie C. (cdc.gov)
  • The functional effects of APC (adenomatous polyposis coli gene) germ-line mutations on crypt fission and cell proliferation were investigated in the normal intestine of human familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) and multiple intestinal neoplasia (MIN) mice. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Finally, we show that these factors are involved in the differential expression pattern of UGT1A8 and UGT1A10, which are intestinal specific, and that of UGT1A9, which is expressed in both intestine and liver. (edu.au)
  • Vasoactive intestinal peptide, also known as vasoactive intestinal polypeptide or VIP, is a peptide hormone that is vasoactive in the intestine. (wikipedia.org)
  • At 1, 2, 4, and 24 h, animals were killed for collection of plasma for CCK measurements and of intestine for measurements of intestinal CCK and somatostatin mRNA levels. (duke.edu)
  • The current project titled Regulation of lipid-mediated immunity in the intestine aimed to explore the mechanisms regulating lipid-mediated immunity in the intestine. (europa.eu)
  • GPR43 −/− mice demonstrated lower levels of intestinal IgA and IgA + gut bacteria compared with those in wild type (WT) mice. (nature.com)
  • After lactose enters the colon, it is decomposed by intestinal bacteria, producing a large amount of short-chain fatty acids such as lactic acid and formic acid and hydrogen gas. (selfgrowth.com)
  • Some intestinal bacteria contain lactase, such as Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Escherichia coli, yeast and mold and other lactase from different sources. (selfgrowth.com)
  • All bifidobacteria contain galactosidase , which can degrade lactose into glucose and galactose, and its activity is significantly higher than that of other intestinal bacteria. (selfgrowth.com)
  • Several evidences propose that the dysregulation of the intestinal immune system or the alteration in the commensal bacteria populations can lead to inflammatory and autoimmune diseases development, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). (europa.eu)
  • Importance of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling in establishment of adenomas and maintenance of carcinomas during intestinal tumorigenesis. (nature.com)
  • For specialists of nutrient sensing, it's a very interesting organ where a great deal of metabolic regulation and related signalling takes place. (helsinki.fi)
  • The self-synthesized intestinal lactase is synthesized by the lactase gene and linked to the surface of the intestinal mucosal microvilli by a hydrophobic amino acid sequence at the -COOH end. (selfgrowth.com)
  • It may be due to the complex interaction between genetic susceptibility, environmental factors, and changes in intestinal microflora, resulting in mucosal immune response abnormalities and impaired epithelial barrier function, giving rise to congenital and adaptive immune response disorders [ 1 , 2 ]. (intechopen.com)
  • This is incredibly important because vitamin D has a profound effect on the immune system and the intestinal barrier function. (medscape.com)
  • Thylakoids also decrease the intestinal in vitro uptake of methyl-glucose in the rat. (lu.se)
  • I investigate nutrient sensing in animals, or how the cells of the body interpret information on their nutritional state and how that affects animal physiology, for example, through gene regulation. (helsinki.fi)
  • In this field of nutrient sensing, my research group is focused on, among other things, the gene regulation associated with sensing sugars as well as the nutrient regulation of intestinal stem cells. (helsinki.fi)
  • Currently, we are working on several tremendously fascinating projects pertaining to the nutrient regulation of intestinal cells. (helsinki.fi)
  • Nutrient transfer: mammary gland regulation / S.L. Kelleher, B. Lönnerdal -- 3. (who.int)
  • CD is a proliferative disease that runs through all layers of the intestinal wall and it can occur anywhere in the gastrointestinal tract, the most common being the terminal ileum and colon [ 2 , 3 ]. (intechopen.com)
  • Moreover, in adjuvanticity studies, pCry1Ac elicited serum antibodies against hepatitis B surface antigen and BSA when these antigens were coadministered ig , and IgG antibodies in the intestinal fluid when the antigens were administered ip (7). (scielo.br)
  • Stem Cells are the Principal Intestinal Epithelial Responders to Bacterial Antigens. (mpg.de)
  • Here, we review recent findings on how adult intestinal stem cells differentiate, interact with their environment, and change during aging. (nih.gov)
  • Adult intestinal parasites spend their entire lives inside a host (your dog or cat) and depend on the host for food and an environment in which to reproduce. (petpoisonhelpline.com)
  • So, let's say your healthy adult dog, who is harboring intestinal parasitic worms, defecates in your yard in which you walk barefooted. (petpoisonhelpline.com)
  • Several evidences on significance of cooperation between multiple signaling pathways including Notch, Wingless, JAK/STAT, EGFR, Hippo, and insulin signaling for regulation of stem cell maintenance and activity are provided. (researchbib.com)
  • We sought to further define the factors involved in regulation of the UGT1A8-1A10 genes and identified a novel composite element located within the proximal promoters of these three genes that binds to both CDX2 and the hepatocyte nuclear factor (HNF) 4a, and mediates synergistic activation by these factors. (edu.au)
  • Aims: The overall aim of this thesis is to investigate the possible associations between plasma proneurotensin (Pro-NT) and risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), type 2 diabetes (T2D), impaired glucose regulation, as well as diet-induced obesity in different study populations. (lu.se)
  • Pro-NT is more strongly associated with impaired glucose regulation in a Middle Eastern immigrant population and may partly explain the increased T2D in this group. (lu.se)
  • 13 A role for microbial signals via Toll-like receptors (TLRs) has been reported in mediating intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) and dendritic cell (DC) induction of the production of IgA through the induction of BAFF and APRIL. (nature.com)
  • The addition and deletion of phosphate groups to enzymes and proteins are common mechanisms for the regulation of their activity. (medscape.com)
  • Here, we used a rare CARD9 variant that confers protection against inflammatory bowel disease as an entry point to investigating CARD9 regulation. (broadinstitute.org)
  • The researchers at the Antidiabetic Food Centre aim to generate new knowledge on preventive anti-inflammatory food concepts that can facilitate weight regulation, improve cognitive performance and reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. (lu.se)
  • Benoxacor exposure expressed a gene regulation profile similar to dichloroacetic acid and the fungicide sedaxane. (cdc.gov)
  • In this study, we utilized a rare protective allele to uncover a TRIM62-mediated mechanism for regulation of CARD9 activation. (broadinstitute.org)
  • Effective prevention of aGvHD, especially with lower intestinal involvement, has been an important treatment goal for physicians when patients are undergoing allo-HSCT. (businesswire.com)
  • The osmotic pressure increases, which increases the water in the intestinal cavity, causing abdominal distension, bowel sounds, colic and even diarrhea, which is medically called lactose intolerance (LI). (selfgrowth.com)
  • Intestinal Mononuclear Phagocyte Regulation of Intestinal T Cell Responses. (bvsalud.org)
  • Interested in trying STEMCELL's organoid products for your intestinal research? (stemcell.com)
  • Feeding WT but not GPR43 −/− mice acetate but not butyrate promoted intestinal IgA response independent of T cells. (nature.com)
  • [263 Pages Report] The animal intestinal health market is estimated at USD 3.7 billion in 2022 and is projected to grow to USD 5.4 billion in 2027, at a CAGR of 8.2% from 2022 to 2027. (marketsandmarkets.com)
  • Regulation of neutrophil apoptosis. (lu.se)
  • International organizations, such as the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the US Center of Veterinary Medicine (CVM), the World Health Organization (WHO), the European Commission (EC), the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority (APVMA), Natural Health Product Directorate (NHPD), and the National Health Surveillance Agency (ANVISA) regulate the usage of various additives in feed products and issue stringent regulations for probiotic manufacturers. (marketsandmarkets.com)
  • As a result, the regulation of iron levels in the body is impaired, resulting in iron overload and damage to tissues and organs in the body that is characteristic of hereditary hemochromatosis. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The amount of iron absorbed during digestion depends on the amount of iron transported from intestinal and reticuloendothelial cells. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Abnormal ferroportin proteins cannot transport and release iron from intestinal or reticuloendothelial cells. (medlineplus.gov)
  • We aim to identify type 2 diabetes-induced, cell type-specific alterations in islet and intestinal cells that explain why the disease develops. (lu.se)
  • LD poses a great threat to human health, especially adolescents, so the study of intestinal lactase is particularly important. (selfgrowth.com)
  • Therefore, the regulation technology of intestinal lactase is particularly important. (selfgrowth.com)
  • Among other things, the researchers observed an increase in the important intestinal hormone GLP-2. (lu.se)