• In support of this hypothesis, adoptively transferred TACI-deficient peritoneal or adipose tissue Mϕs, but not B cells, can improve glucose metabolism in the obese host. (nih.gov)
  • Thus, the adoptive transfer experiments offer a model where TACI-deficient Mϕs accumulate in VAT and protect against metaflammation and obesity-associated dysregulation of glucose metabolism. (nih.gov)
  • The focus of our research at the Centre for Neuroendocrinology is on the neuroendocrine regulation of metabolism. (otago.ac.nz)
  • Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide: an incretin at the interface of neuroendocrine regulation of metabolism and nutrition. (otago.ac.nz)
  • Saltiel, A.R. & Kahn, C.R. Insulin signalling and the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism. (nature.com)
  • Less is known regarding its critical role in neuronal physiology, neuronal metabolism, tissue homeostasis, and the control of gene expression in the central nervous system in healthy and diseased states. (mdpi.com)
  • The aim of the present work is to review cumulative evidence regarding the participation of PI3K pathways in neuronal function, focusing on their role in neuronal metabolism and transcriptional regulation of genes involved in neuronal maintenance and plasticity or on the expression of pathological hallmarks associated with neurodegeneration. (mdpi.com)
  • hence, the physiological circuits implicated in the regulation of energy metabolism must be able to quickly adjust to changes in either side of the equation. (researchgate.net)
  • Its application by either the central or peripheral process increases appetite, food intake, adiposity and glucose metabolism [2, 3] . (researchgate.net)
  • Previous studies revealed that adiponectin played a causal role in maintaining energy homeostasis via regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism. (frontiersin.org)
  • They also found that patients with the homozygous genotype developed diabetes early in adulthood and had downregulation of PPAR-gamma-dependent genes that are responsible for adipogenesis and the maintenance of adipocyte function, which "alter[s] the regulation of pathways influencing adipogenesis, insulin sensitivity, and lipid metabolism," they wrote. (medpagetoday.com)
  • In addition, IL-7 controls T-cell size and metabolism through the activation of PI3 kinase-dependent pathways and regulation of glucose metabolism. (biolegend.com)
  • The liver X-receptors (LXRs) act as cholesterol sensors and participate in the regulation of lipid and cholesterol metabolism. (scirp.org)
  • Activation of Liver X Receptor Improves Glucose Tolerance through Coordinate Regulation of Glucose Metabolism in Liver and Adipose Tissue," Proceedings of the National Acadamy of Sciences of the USA, 29 April 2003, pp. 5419-5424. (scirp.org)
  • The results suggested a new regulatory mechanism via which butanoate and AMPK activation contributed to intestinal integrity and homeostasis by affecting metabolism, intestinal barrier function and transporter expression. (rsc.org)
  • Whole blood-based transcriptional risk score for nonobese type 2 diabetes predicts dynamic changes in glucose metabolism. (medscape.com)
  • Hormone secretion occurs in response to specific biochemical signals and is often subject to negative feedback regulation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Regulation of PKD by the MAPK p38delta in insulin secretion and glucose homeostasis. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Here, we show that mice lacking the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) p38delta display improved glucose tolerance due to enhanced insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Inhibition of PKD1 reverses enhanced insulin secretion from p38delta-deficient islets and glucose tolerance in p38delta null mice as well as their susceptibility to oxidative stress. (ox.ac.uk)
  • We found that mice lacking Efnb1 in POMC-expressing progenitors display impaired glucose tolerance due to blunted vagus nerve activity and decreased insulin secretion. (nih.gov)
  • An abnormal increase in blood glucose may be due to a defect in insulin self-secretion caused by the immune system (type 1 diabetes mellitus, T1DM), or resistance to the cellular effects of insulin, as well as insufficient insulin secretion (type 2 diabetes mellitus, T2DM) [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Thus, SUs can close the K ATP channel in pancreatic β cells, followed by membrane depolarization and open the voltage-dependent Ca 2+ channels (VDCCs) to increase intracellular calcium (Ca 2+ ), resulting in insulin secretion and decreasing blood glucose [ 4 - 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Previous studies have shown that glibenclamide can improve insulin secretion at low-normal glucose, which may increase the risk of hypoglycemia when attempting to maintain tight glucose control [ 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Diabetes is a highly ageing-related disease manifesting with a deteriorated capacity of insulin secretion and uncontrolled blood glucose-raising, hyperglycemia. (lu.se)
  • In pancreatic β-cells, the active of voltage-gated calcium (CaV) channels play an essential role in the glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). (lu.se)
  • Insulin is an anabolic hormone that promotes glucose uptake, glycogenesis, lipogenesis, and protein synthesis of skeletal muscle and fat tissue through the tyrosine kinase receptor pathway. (medscape.com)
  • Our data show that lxr is an important component of the regulatory network governing the lipid homeostasis during zebrafish development, which in turn may support a role of lxr for normal development of the central nervous sytem, including the retina. (scirp.org)
  • L. Wang, G. U. Schuster, K. Hultenby, Q. Zhang, S. Andersson and J. A. Gustafsson, "Liver X Receptors in the Central Nervous System: From Lipid Homeostasis to Neuronal Degeneration," Proceedings of the National Acadamy of Sciences of the USA, 15 October 2002, pp. 13878-13883. (scirp.org)
  • The major mechanisms involved in butyrate regulation include key signaling pathways such as AMPK, p38, HDAC inhibition, and cAMP production/signaling. (frontiersin.org)
  • Evidence presented in this review implicated that Rhizoma coptidis exerted beneficial effects on various diseases by regulation of NF-κB/MAPK/PI3K-Akt/AMPK/ERS and oxidative stress pathways, which support the clinical application of Rhizoma coptidis and offer references for future researches. (springer.com)
  • AMPK pathways are energy regulation pathways. (springer.com)
  • ERS pathways are triggered by the unbalance of ER environment, including hypoxia, disturbance of Ca 2+ homeostasis and glucose starvation. (springer.com)
  • Maintaining bile acid (BA) homeostasis is important and regulated by BA activated receptors and signaling pathways. (aspetjournals.org)
  • A deletion in the gene encoding hormone-sensitive lipase, a key enzyme for lipolysis, was associated with abnormalities in adipocyte function and systemic lipid and glucose homeostasis. (medpagetoday.com)
  • The findings "indicate the physiological significance of HSL in adipocyte function and the regulation of systemic lipid and glucose homeostasis, and underscore the severe metabolic consequences of impaired lipolysis," they wrote. (medpagetoday.com)
  • BAs are critical molecules for life, and disruption of BA homeostasis has been closely linked to hepatic, intestinal, and systemic diseases, including cholestasis, fatty liver diseases, and hepatic and colon tumors. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Strikingly, differences in plasma insulin levels between hunger and satiety states after glucose administration at the time of the scan were negatively related to brain activity in the posterior insula and superior frontal gyrus (SFG), while plasma glucose levels were positively associated with activity changes in the fusiform gyrus. (frontiersin.org)
  • He completed my graduate training in Dr. Michael Demetriou's lab studying the regulation of N-glycan branching in T cells, and its dysregulation in multiple sclerosis. (gr.jp)
  • However, there is still a huge gap in understanding how these chemicals contribute to the dysregulation of BA homeostasis and how this dysregulation may promote NASH development. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Identifying the underlying molecular mechanisms by which BA regulation is disrupted by endogenous and/or xenobiotic factors will aid in not only understanding disease pathogenesis, but also providing novel strategies to prevent and/or treat diseases associated with BA dysregulation. (aspetjournals.org)
  • These hormones regulate the body's growth, and are involved in cell to cell communication, control metabolic activity, sleep-wake homeostasis, and altered regulation or dysregulation of adaptive response in various physiologic and pathophysiologic states. (medscape.com)
  • Here, we demonstrate that TACI-deficient mice subjected to high-fat diet (HFD) are protected from weight gain and dysregulated glucose homeostasis. (nih.gov)
  • Here we show that mice with hepatic deletion of Akt1 and Akt2 were glucose intolerant, insulin resistant and defective in their transcriptional response to feeding in the liver. (nature.com)
  • Notably, in the absence of both Akt and Foxo1, mice adapted appropriately to both the fasted and fed state, and insulin suppressed hepatic glucose production normally. (nature.com)
  • The lattice model has been validated in immune regulation, cancer progression and glucose homeostasis in mice. (gr.jp)
  • Compared with red meat-diet-fed mice, fiber-diet-fed mice presented a shift in the gut microbiome toward increased production of butanoate, which was accompanied by up-regulation of microbiota- and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-dependent gene expression and decrease in serum concentrations of trimethylamine N -oxide (TMAO), triglyceride (TG) and glucose (GLU). (rsc.org)
  • Mice with both of these receptors knocked out had effects on both systems, including control of blood glucose, anxiety and depression, and declining cognition. (neurosciencenews.com)
  • Fig. 4: Impact of ChABC digestion of Arc PNNs on sustained blood glucose lowering induced by icv FGF1. (nature.com)
  • For instance, high blood sugar (serum glucose concentration) promotes insulin synthesis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a non-communicable disease throughout the world in which there is persistently high blood glucose level from the normal range. (scielo.br)
  • To study the interplay of metabolic state (hungry vs. satiated) and glucose administration (including hormonal modulation) on brain function, resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) and blood samples were obtained in 24 healthy normal-weight men in a repeated measurement design. (frontiersin.org)
  • Using multiple linear regression analysis (MLRA) the interdependence of brain activity, plasma insulin and blood glucose was investigated. (frontiersin.org)
  • using MRI-cerebral blood flow (CBF) during rest: here, changes of insulin levels were negatively associated with changes of CBF signals in the caudate and the putamen in response to glucose administration. (frontiersin.org)
  • In type 2 diabetes (late stage), beta cells fail to secrete insulin for maintaining the blood glucose level, owing to insulin resistance and genetic defect. (medscape.com)
  • 5 , 6 Moreover, BAT is also suggested to participate in glucose homeostasis 7 - 10 and to improve blood lipid profiles 11 in humans. (spiedigitallibrary.org)
  • Our blood glucose level fluctuates. (learn-biology.com)
  • Consumption of Pu-erh has been thought to possess numerous health benefits including weight-loss, lowering of blood glucose levels, and preventing cardiovascular diseases. (researchgate.net)
  • PTE treatment maintained calcium and phosphorus homeostasis and improved other blood biochemical parameters to various degrees. (researchgate.net)
  • Her work focuses on understanding the neuro-hormonal circuits that regulate hyperphagia, glucose regulation, suppression of physical activity and thermoregulation during pregnancy and lactation. (otago.ac.nz)
  • Studies have shown that autophagy plays an important role in many organs, especially metabolic organs, which not only maintain the basic homeostasis of cells but also regulate cells' function [ 14 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • A gene expression analysis revealed that deletion of Akt in liver led to the constitutive activation of Foxo1-dependent gene expression, but again, concomitant ablation of Foxo1 restored postprandial regulation, preventing the inhibition of the metabolic response to nutrient intake caused by deletion of Akt . (nature.com)
  • The drug treatments for diabetes currently include insulin, insulin secretagogues, promotion of peripheral tissue glucose use, inhibition of intestinal glucose absorption, and insulin sensitizers [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary intervention on intestinal microbiota-mediated change in short chain fatty acid (SCFA) profile and intestinal homeostasis. (rsc.org)
  • Heat regulation depends on a combination of physiological and environmental factors. (cdc.gov)
  • Although constituting only 2% of body mass, brain oxygen and glucose utilization account for ∼20% of those of the whole organism ( Magistretti, 1999 ). (jneurosci.org)
  • Rather, they show that a major role of hepatic Akt is to restrain the activity of Foxo1 and that in the absence of Foxo1, Akt is largely dispensable for insulin- and nutrient-mediated hepatic metabolic regulation in vivo . (nature.com)
  • Figure 5: Nutritional regulation of hepatic gene expression in the absence of Foxo1 alone and in the absence of both Akt and Foxo1. (nature.com)
  • Inactivation of hepatic Foxo1 by insulin signaling is required for adaptive nutrient homeostasis and endocrine growth regulation. (nature.com)
  • The levels of phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase (P-AMPK), well known for its role in cellular energy sensing and regulation, and ATP show reciprocal changes. (jneurosci.org)
  • Liberali studies the dynamics of self-organization, and how cellular signaling dictates its spatial-temporal regulation. (unibas.ch)
  • Metabolic regulation of UDP-GlcNAc supply to Golgi N-glycan remodeling regulates glycoprotein affinities for galectins -and in turn, trafficking and presentation at the cell surface. (gr.jp)
  • In conclusion, the p38delta-PKD pathway integrates regulation of the insulin secretory capacity and survival of pancreatic beta cells, pointing to a pivotal role for this pathway in the development of overt diabetes mellitus. (ox.ac.uk)
  • It plays a critical role in the regulation of glucose homeostasis. (nih.gov)
  • Dirk Schübeler has done important work in epigenomics and regulatory genomics, in particular with the dynamics of genome-wide methylation patterns, their role in gene regulation, and the interplay between chromatin state and the actions of transcription factors. (unibas.ch)
  • The gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in regulating energy homeostasis. (frontiersin.org)
  • Collectively, our data demonstrate the role of ephrins in controlling excitatory input amount into POMC-expressing progenitors and show an isotype-specific role of ephrins on the regulation of glucose homeostasis and feeding. (nih.gov)
  • IL-7 is essential for normal murine B cell development, and plays a key role in regulating the homeostasis and function of the T-cells. (biolegend.com)
  • Insulin signaling plays a role in regulating synaptic function, glucose homeostasis, and cognition, a new study reports. (neurosciencenews.com)
  • Role of orexin in the regulation of glucose homeostasis. (bvsalud.org)
  • Recent studies using FDG-PET/CT have revealed that BAT is involved in adaptive energy expenditure, thereby contributing to the regulation of body fat. (spiedigitallibrary.org)
  • Among other host factors, this balance between energy intake and expenditure relies on the microorganisms and their metabolites, helping in nutrient processing, nutrient access regulation, and storage in the body by secreting hormones and mediators of energy homeostasis ( 3 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • CONCLUSIONS: Our study provides a basis for investigating the regulation of gene expression in a TF-, TF family-, or cell-type-dependent manner. (bvsalud.org)
  • Moreover, this regulation relies on insulin gene expression through the activation of CaMKII and MafA. (lu.se)
  • Metabolic state, insulin levels and glucose administration interact in their effects on brain activation patterns. (frontiersin.org)
  • It has been reported to have metabolic effects on obesity and glucose homeostasis. (frontiersin.org)
  • However, the effects and the mechanisms by which environmental chemicals interact with FXR to affect BA homeostasis are only emerging. (aspetjournals.org)
  • In this minireview, our focus is to provide evidence from reports that determine the effects of environmental or therapeutic exposure on altering homeostasis and functions of BAs and FXR. (aspetjournals.org)
  • The goal of this minireview is to provide an update on the regulation of bile acid (BA) homeostasis by the nuclear receptor Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and the effects on this regulation by exposure to environmental or therapeutic agents. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Insulin then acts to reduce glucose levels and maintain homeostasis, leading to reduced insulin levels. (wikipedia.org)
  • To avoid these disadvantages in the present investigation, we used resting-state fMRI in order to reveal potential links between whole brain activity and insulin and glucose levels in different metabolic states. (frontiersin.org)
  • Several studies using rs-fMRI revealed associations of insulin or glucose levels with the functional connectivity (FC) of particular brain networks or brain sites that are related to homeostatic regulation but not without contradictions. (frontiersin.org)
  • β cells are the targets of glibenclamide and the only highly differentiated insulin-secreting cell in the human body, which secrete a certain amount of insulin to maintain glucose homeostasis [ 9 ]. (hindawi.com)