Regulation of gene transcription gene phosphorylation of serine residues. Medical search. Frequent questions

When activated, the enzymes transfer phosphates from ATP to defined serine or threonine residues in other proteins, so they are serine/threonine-specific protein kinases. (wikipedia.org)
If it occurs in darkness, EIN3/EIL1 proteins would be promoted, thus to activate the expression of downstream ERF genes and to inhibit hypocotyl elongation. (chinbullbotany.com)
Histones are proteins that help package DNA in the nucleus of cells, and their modification plays a crucial role in regulating gene transcription. (agefluidman.com)
Histone modification refers to the addition or removal of chemical groups to histone proteins, which can alter the structure of chromatin and thereby influence gene expression. (agefluidman.com)
Acetylation is a common histone modification that involves the addition of an acetyl group to the amino acid residues of histone proteins. (agefluidman.com)
Phosphorylation is another important histone modification that involves the addition of a phosphate group to histone proteins. (agefluidman.com)
Phosphorylation of specific serine or threonine residues on histones can lead to changes in chromatin structure, allowing or preventing the binding of transcription factors and other regulatory proteins. (agefluidman.com)
By altering the structure of chromatin, histone modifications can either promote or hinder the binding of transcription factors and other regulatory proteins to specific gene loci. (agefluidman.com)
Methylation of specific lysine residues, such as H3K4, can also promote gene activation by recruiting proteins that facilitate transcription. (agefluidman.com)
The multifunctional regulator nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) is considered not only as a cytoprotective factor regulating the expression of genes coding for anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and detoxifying proteins, but it is also a powerful modulator of species longevity. (springer.com)
The major characteristics of Nrf2 are to some extent mimicked by Nrf2-dependent genes and their proteins including heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), which besides removing toxic heme, produces biliverdin, iron ions and carbon monoxide. (springer.com)
These highly similar AKT proteins all have an N-terminal pleckstrin homology domain, a serine/threonine-specific kinase domain and a C-terminal regulatory domain. (senescence.info)
AKT proteins are recruited to the cell membrane by phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3) after phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) by PI3K. (senescence.info)
Despite the importance of the PAP reaction, identification of the genes responsible for encoding PAP enzymes remained elusive until 2006 when the yeast PAP was identified and was shown to be an orthologue of a family of three mammalian proteins called lipins [reviewed in 1]. (aocs.org)
15 The dynamic addition and removal of O-GlcNAc has been described for multiple cytoplasmic and nuclear proteins and it affects the function of various signaling molecules and transcription factors. (nature.com)
OGT transfers O-GlcNAc moieties from UDP-GlcNAc to serine and threonine residues of proteins and O-GlcNAcase (OGA) catalyzes the opposite reaction to remove O-GlcNAc. (nature.com)
18 Both enzymes, OGT and OGA as well as multiple O-GlcNAcylated proteins are enriched at sites of active transcription in human cells. (nature.com)
DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs), encoded by PRKDC gene, is a member of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-related kinase (PIKK) family, which also includes the two DNA damage repair proteins, ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) and ATM and Rad3-related protein (ATR). (molcells.org)
Protein kinases are families of enzymes that catalyze the phosphorylation of specific residues in proteins, broadly classified into tyrosine and serine/threonine kinases. (justia.com)
2) Lysine acetylation in histones and various other proteins is certainly effected with the active interplay of acetyltransferase (HAT) and deacetylase (HDAC) enzymes, which is certainly analogous towards the regulation of serine, threonine, and tyrosine phosphorylation by kinases and phosphatases. (smartrailexpo-europe.com)
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) of proteins, including phosphorylation, acetylation, ubiquitination, and SUMOylation, can regulate the function of proteins, determine the active state and subcellular location of proteins, and dynamically interact with other proteins related to carcinogenesis and progression ( 17 - 20 ). (frontiersin.org)
The A56 protein is capable of binding two viral proteins, a serine protease inhibitor (K2) and the vaccinia virus complement control protein (VCP), and anchoring them to the surface of infected cells. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) comprise a group of enzymes that catalyze the transfer of methyl groups to the amino acid arginine or the arginine residues of proteins in eukaryotic species. (e-enm.org)
While all three types of PRMTs are capable of catalyzing monomethylation of arginine residues, type I PRMTs can transfer a second methyl group to the monomethylated nitrogen atom of the guanidino group of monomethyl arginine, resulting in the formation of proteins containing one or more asymmetric dimethylarginine residues. (e-enm.org)
Type II PRMTs transfer a methyl group to the unmodified nitrogen atom of the guanidine group of monomethyl arginine to form proteins with symmetric dimethylarginine residues. (e-enm.org)
In addition, steady-state mRNA levels of nine stress-responsive genes coding for either functional or regulatory proteins were induced to higher levels in the transgenic lines with or without drought stress. (biomedcentral.com)
Products of the former group function directly in protecting cells against damage derived from stresses and sustaining cell viability, and the latter is composed of regulatory proteins, such as transcription factors (TFs), protein kinases and protein phosphatases, that are responsible for transducing stress signaling and regulating expression of stress-responsive genes [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
We report a blood-induced microglia gene network and show that blood proteins elicit distinct receptor-mediated transcriptional changes and signaling programs in innate immune cells. (nature.com)
Since nonchordate metazoans lack some or all Tyrs that are phosphorylated [7 8 Shc proteins AEZS-108 may also exert functions independent of Tyr phosphorylation. (biongenex.com)
In yet another coup for a research concept known as "big data," researchers at the Stanford University School of Medicine have developed a computerized algorithm to understand the complex and rapid choreography of hundreds of proteins that interact in mindboggling combinations to govern how genes are flipped on and off within a cell. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
Proteins control gene expression by either binding to specific regions of DNA, or by interacting with other DNA-bound proteins to modulate their function. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
The ENCODE, for the Encyclopedia of DNA Elements , project was a five-year collaboration of more than 440 scientists in 32 labs around the world to reveal the complex interplay among regulatory regions, proteins and RNA molecules that governs when and how genes are expressed. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
In this study, the researchers combined data from genomics (a field devoted to the study of genes) and proteomics (which focuses on proteins and their interactions). (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
They studied 128 proteins, called trans-acting factors , which are known to regulate gene expression by binding to regulatory regions within the genome. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
Before our work, only the combination of two or three regulatory proteins were studied, which oversimplified how gene regulators collaborate to find their targets," Xie said. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)

Upon cytokine stimulation, STAT5 tyrosine phosphorylation (pYSTAT5) is transient, while in diverse neoplastic cells persistent overexpression and enhanced pYSTAT5 are frequently found. (nature.com)
We found that O-GlcNAcylation and tyrosine phosphorylation act together to trigger pYSTAT5 levels and oncogenic transcription in neoplastic cells. (nature.com)
The expression of a mutated hyperactive gain-of-function (GOF) STAT5 without O-GlcNAcylation resulted in decreased tyrosine phosphorylation, oligomerization and transactivation potential and complete loss of oncogenic transformation capacity. (nature.com)
Our data show that O-GlcNAcylation of STAT5 is an important process that contributes to oncogenic transcription through enhanced STAT5 tyrosine phosphorylation and oligomerization driving myeloid transformation. (nature.com)
7 The JAKs also trigger the activation and tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT5, causing parallel dimerization, nuclear translocation and tetramerization of STAT5. (nature.com)
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is produced by stromal and mesenchymal cells, and it stimulates epithelial cell proliferation, motility, morphogenesis and angiogenesis in various organs via tyrosine phosphorylation of its cognate receptor, Met. (spandidos-publications.com)

The two kinases TOR and CTR1 precisely regulates distinct phosphorylation sites on EIN2, respectively, which makes EIN2 become a coordination hub of glucose signal and ethylene signal, and precisely control plant growth and development. (chinbullbotany.com)
The signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) regulates differentiation, survival, proliferation and transformation of hematopoietic cells. (nature.com)
O-GlcNAcylation regulates the transcriptional activity of p53, c-Myc, FoxO1 and CREB, as well as components of the basal transcription machinery, for example, the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II. (nature.com)
It was observed that CDK8-CycC positively regulates transcription activated by Mad (Mothers against dpp) , the primary transcription factor downstream of the Dpp/TGFβ signaling pathway . (sdbonline.org)
Phosphorylated STAT3 (p-STAT3), as a transcription factor, binds to and regulates its target gene such as POMC gene, playing the physiological function of leptin. (biomedcentral.com)
The MAPK signaling pathway activates transcription factors and regulates gene expression through a cascade reaction (MAPKKK-MAPKK-MAPK). (cusabio.com)
MEK can phosphorylate and activate ERK, which is transferred into the nucleus and regulates gene expression by activating other kinases or transcription factors. (cusabio.com)
Among them, Runx2 is a key target gene affecting osteogenic activity, and Cbfa1 regulates the differentiation of MSCs into osteoblasts at the transcriptional level. (cusabio.com)
The p38 signaling pathway regulates the differentiation direction of stem cells, which may be related to the regulation of the stability of p53 protein [3] [4] . (cusabio.com)
ShcA is additionally controlled by serine (Ser) and threonine (Thr) phosphorylation which regulates protein interactions Shc activities in lipid metabolism endocytosis and small GTPase regulation e. g. following protein kinase C activation [9 10 and. (biongenex.com)
By acting as a ligand-dependent transcription factor of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) mediates the action of glucocorticoids and regulates many physiological processes. (pp1a.com)
Low shear stress up-regulates expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), while increased shear stress can lead to increased gene expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1). (medscape.com)

Histone modifications associated with gene activation, such as acetylation of histones, can create a more relaxed chromatin structure, allowing transcription factors and RNA polymerase to access the DNA and initiate gene transcription. (agefluidman.com)
For instance, acetylation of H3K9 combined with methylation of H3K4 is associated with active gene transcription, while methylation of H3K9 combined with deacetylation of H3K27 is associated with gene repression. (agefluidman.com)
Acetylation of histones is correlated to areas where transcription is occurring. (news-medical.net)
Open in another window HistoneClysine acetylation is an essential chromatin post-translational adjustment mixed up in epigenetic regulation of gene transcription. (smartrailexpo-europe.com)
Acetylation of histones lysine residues can be one such important component in the epigenetic legislation of gene appearance. (smartrailexpo-europe.com)
In earlier reports, PRMTs promoted active transcription of target genes by mediating asymmetric dimethylation of arginine residues on histones, resulting in increased acetylation and the subsequent activation of transcription. (e-enm.org)

Methylation of lysine residues on histones can lead to gene activation or repression, depending on which lysine residue is modified. (agefluidman.com)

This gene encodes one of the three members of the human AKT serine-threonine protein kinase family which are often referred to as protein kinase B alpha, beta, and gamma. (senescence.info)
The BRAF (v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B) gene encodes a protein that belongs to the Raf family of serine/threonine protein kinases. (hindawi.com)

This modification is generally associated with gene activation, as it loosens the interaction between histones and DNA, allowing access to the transcriptional machinery. (agefluidman.com)
Methylation of histones does not usually change as much as phosphorylation does. (news-medical.net)

Ubiquitination is a less-studied histone modification but is gaining attention for its role in gene regulation. (agefluidman.com)
Ubiquitination can either activate or repress gene expression, depending on the specific histone residue being modified and the type of ubiquitin chain attached. (agefluidman.com)
Histone deacetylation and histone ubiquitination are also generally associated with gene repression. (agefluidman.com)

Subsequent phosphorylation of both threonine residue 308 and serine residue 473 is required for full activation of the AKT1 protein encoded by this gene. (senescence.info)
The protein encoded by this gene is a putative serine/threonine kinase that localizes to the mitotic apparatus and complexes with cell cycle controller CDC2 kinase in early mitosis. (cancerindex.org)

Previous studies have identified four putative DGAT2-encoding genes in H. lacustris , and only HpDGAT2D allowed the recovery of TAG biosynthesis, but the engineering potential of HpDGAT2s in TAG biosynthesis remains ambiguous. (researchsquare.com)
Five putative DGAT2 genes ( HpDGAT2A , HpDGAT2B , HpDGAT2C , HpDGAT2D , and HpDGAT2E ) were identified in H. lacustris . (researchsquare.com)

Methylation, on the other hand, can either activate or repress gene expression depending on the specific amino acid residue being modified and the degree of methylation. (agefluidman.com)
For example, methylation of lysine 4 on histone H3 (H3K4) is associated with gene activation, while methylation of lysine 9 (H3K9) or lysine 27 (H3K27) is associated with gene repression. (agefluidman.com)
On the other hand, histone modifications associated with gene repression, such as methylation of lysine 9 or 27, can lead to a more condensed chromatin structure, preventing the binding of transcription factors and RNA polymerase and effectively silencing gene expression. (agefluidman.com)
This pathway describes progression of a serrated precursor lesion, often followed by the onset of epigenetic instability involving promoter methylation and silencing of key tumour suppressor genes, and accounts for 15%-20% of sporadic colorectal cancer [ 1 , 2 ]. (hindawi.com)

Activated CAMK is involved in the phosphorylation of transcription factors and therefore, in the regulation of expression of responding genes. (wikipedia.org)
GSK3 inhibition in liver reduces expression of the gluconeogenic genes PEPCK (phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase), G6Pase (glucose-6-phosphatase), as well as IGFBP1 (insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1). (portlandpress.com)
Therefore inactivation of GSK3 is not a prerequisite for insulin repression of these genes, despite the previous finding that GSK3 activity is absolutely required for maintaining their expression. (portlandpress.com)
Consequently, the master transcription factors EIN3/EIL1 are stabilized and the downstream gene expression is activated (Li et al. (chinbullbotany.com)
Alternatively, if in light, E2Fa gene expression would be down- regulated, thus to inhibit root meristem cell proliferation. (chinbullbotany.com)
Epigenetics is a field of study that focuses on changes in gene expression that do not involve alterations to the DNA sequence itself. (agefluidman.com)
This modification can affect gene expression by either activating or repressing transcription. (agefluidman.com)
This, in turn, affects gene expression and ultimately determines cellular identity and function. (agefluidman.com)
A curated database of genes associated with dietary restriction in model organisms either from genetic manipulation experiments or gene expression profiling. (senescence.info)
Projects focused on gene expression profiling of ageing and of dietary manipulations of ageing, such as caloric restriction. (senescence.info)
Curcumin suppressed CXCL5 expression by direct inhibition of IKKbeta phosphorylation, and inhibition of p38 MAPK via induction of negative regulator MKP-1. (cusabio.com)
Upregulation of histone gene expression is one of the hallmarks of entry into the cell cycle's S phase. (news-medical.net)
Transcription analysis showed that the expression levels of the HpDGAT2A , HpDGAT2D , and HpDGAT2E genes markedly increased under high light and nitrogen deficient conditions with distinct patterns, which led to significant TAG and EAST accumulation. (researchsquare.com)
Furthermore, this analyses confirmed the positive roles of CDK9 and Yorkie in regulating Mad-dependent gene expression in vivo. (sdbonline.org)
By activating the expression of genes whose products are required for metamorphosis, ecdysone and EcR-USP are essential for the reorganization of flies' body plans before emerging from pupal cases as adults. (sdbonline.org)
Search the gene expression profiles from curated DataSets in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) repository. (cancerindex.org)
We herein demonstrated that CADM1 interacts with Hippo pathway core kinases and enhances the phosphorylation of YAP1, and also that the membranous co-expression of CADM1 and LATS2 predicts a favorable prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma. (cancerindex.org)
Epigenetics is the study of how the environment, behavior, and other mechanisms cause changes to the genome that can contribute to the regulation of gene expression and other biological processes without changing to the underlying primary DNA sequences. (activemotif.com.cn)
It attempts to understand the mechanism by which the expression of particular genes is being modulated by some means other than the DNA sequence. (activemotif.com.cn)
Upon binding to their receptors, cytokines activate JAKs which then phosphorylate the cytokine receptor, thereby creating docking sites for signaling molecules, notably, members of the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) family that ultimately lead to gene expression. (justia.com)
6) Expression degrees of BRD4 correlate with breasts cancer survival prices,(7) and in a subset of malignant squamous carcinomas, the N-terminal bromodomains of BRD4 are fused in framework towards the NUT gene presenting rise to extremely intense tumor development. (smartrailexpo-europe.com)
Various growth factors, cytokines, and prostaglandins upregulate HGF gene expression, including basic fibroblast growth factor, oncostatin M, hypoxia-inducible factor 1α and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) ( 9 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
By contrast, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 was demonstrated to markedly downregulate HGF gene expression ( 10 , 11 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Constitutive p50/p65 activity is observed in a large variety of hematological as well as solid tumors [ 6 - 8 ], as a result of an aberrant expression of p50/p65, deletions of the IκBα inhibitor gene or an increased IKK activity [ 9 - 13 ]. (oncotarget.com)
ABA responsive element binding factor (ABF) plays an important role in stress responses via regulating the expression of stress-responsive genes. (biomedcentral.com)
TFs are known as master switch in plant stress response, and genetic transformation of the genes encoding TFs has been suggested as a possible approach for engineering stress tolerance as manipulation of a single TF can alter expression of a wide array of target genes [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
In astrocytes the OGD enhanced the nuclear translocation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1), the major transcription factor regulating EPO expression. (jneurosci.org)
observed that ShcA protects the epithelial condition of nontransformed cells against EMT simply by repressing TGF-β-induced Smad-mediated gene expression. (biongenex.com)
In EMT Smad complexes start the expression of EMT "master" transcription elements and work with these types of to stifle the epithelial phenotype and activate mesenchymal gene phrase. (biongenex.com)
The challenge resembled trying to figure out interactions in a crowded mosh pit by studying a few waltzing couples in an otherwise empty ballroom, and it has severely limited what could be learned about the dynamics of gene expression. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
others affect the expression of genes great distances away. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
This study found an increase in excess GR transcriptional activity of protein phosphatase 1 alpha (PP1α) in HEK-293 cells and a decrease in the expression levels of GR-responsive gene knockdown following PP1α model A549 cells endogenously . (pp1a.com)

We suggest for the first time that although pharmacological inhibition of GSK3 reduces hepatic glucose production even in insulin-resistant states, feeding can repress the gluconeogenic genes without inhibiting GSK3. (portlandpress.com)
Fasting signals are relayed by various intracellular enzymes, such as kinases, phosphatases, acetyltransferases, and deacetylases, which affect the transcriptional activity of transcription factors and transcriptional coactivators for gluconeogenic genes. (e-enm.org)

Leptin-activated leptin receptor (LepRb) signals in hypothalamus via several pathways, in which JAK2-STAT3 pathway, the most extensively investigated one, is considered to mediate the major action of leptin in energy regulation. (biomedcentral.com)
Upon leptin stimulation the phosphorylation of STAT3 is one of the key events in JAK2-STAT3 pathway, followed by the dimerization and nuclear translocation of this molecule. (biomedcentral.com)
Regarding POMC gene in hypothalamus however little is known about the detail of its interaction with STAT3. (biomedcentral.com)
This review comprehends literatures on leptin and leptin resistance and especially discusses what STAT3 phosphorylation would contribute to central leptin resistance. (biomedcentral.com)
Emerging evidence provided insight into the role of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) in energy metabolism. (biomedcentral.com)
A synthetic peptide corresponding to residues surrounding Ser727 of human Stat3. (abcam.co.jp)

Furthermore, EPO-induced neuroprotection as well as phosphorylation of the proapoptotic Bcl family member Bad was reduced by the phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K) inhibitor LY294002. (jneurosci.org)
PI3K deactivates BAD via Akt-mediated phosphorylation and thus may inhibit hypoxia-induced apoptosis in neurons. (jneurosci.org)

Nrf2 stabilization and increase in its half-life even to 200 min [ 9 ] allows nuclear translocation and activation of transcription of cytoprotective genes (Fig. 1 ). (springer.com)
2010). mTORC1-mediated phosphorylation of MAF1 inhibits translocation of MAF1 to the nucleus (Shor et al. (reactome.org)

Lipins also act in the nucleus as transcriptional co-activators with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ co-activator-1α (PGC-1α) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α to regulate target genes involved in fatty acid oxidation. (aocs.org)
Drosophila has been a powerful system for deciphering the conserved mechanisms that regulate hormone signaling, sugar and lipid homeostasis, and the molecular mechanisms underlying the nutritional regulation of development. (sdbonline.org)
Like its homolog Bcl3, IκBζ can regulate the transcription of a set of inflamatory genes through its association with the p50 or p52 subunits of NF-κB. (oncotarget.com)
MAPK can cause the activation of transcription factors in the nucleus, participate in the process of signal transmission from the cell surface to the nucleus, and regulate cell proliferation and differentiation. (cusabio.com)
At a very basic level, we are learning who likes to work with whom to regulate around 20,000 human genes," said Michael Snyder , PhD, professor and chair of genetics at Stanford. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)

In turn, free NF-kappa-B is translocated into the nucleus and activates the transcription of hundreds of genes involved in immune response, growth control, or protection against apoptosis. (cusabio.com)
This mechanism is hypothesized to transduce a shared signal that activates the transcription of histone genes when the G1/S phase boundary is reached. (news-medical.net)

The N-terminal region of the protein binds CDC2 to form a complex showing reduced H1 histone kinase activity, indicating a role as a negative regulator of CDC2/cyclin A. In addition, the C-terminal kinase domain binds to its own N-terminal region, suggesting potential negative regulation through interference with complex formation via intramolecular binding. (cancerindex.org)

Multi-functional CAM Kinases have multiple targets they can phosphorylate and are found in processes including the secretion of neurotransmitters, metabolism of glycogen, and the regulation of various transcription factors. (wikipedia.org)
In addition, the ERK5/BMK1 pathway, an atypical MAPK pathway, is involved in the regulation of adipocyte differentiation and fat metabolism. (cusabio.com)

Protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) were recently added to the list of enzymes that are critical for regulating transcription in hepatic gluconeogenesis. (e-enm.org)

Other trophic factors, such as IL-2, TNF-α, and granulocyte-macrophage stimulating factor, cause activated T cells to produce interferon-γ, TNF-α, and TNF-β, leading to stimulation of macrophages and further up-regulation of leukocyte adhesion molecules. (medscape.com)

It encompasses a wide range of modifications that can influence gene activity, including histone modifications. (agefluidman.com)
This article will delve into the intricacies of histone modification and its significance in epigenetic regulation. (agefluidman.com)
Histone modifications play a crucial role in epigenetic regulation by influencing the accessibility of DNA to the transcriptional machinery. (agefluidman.com)
To better understand the interconnectedness of histone modifications and their impact on gene regulation, let's explore some examples of how different modifications can work together. (agefluidman.com)
The histone code hypothesis proposes that specific combinations of histone modifications can act as a "code" that determines the functional state of a gene. (agefluidman.com)
The main mammalian histone subtypes ( H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 ) and the linker H1 are located in different gene clusters. (news-medical.net)
The regulation of transcription of histone genes differs between eukaryotes. (news-medical.net)
Each histone subtype has several copies of the same gene to allow for the large demand placed during DNA replication. (news-medical.net)
The replication independent histone genes are transcribed at a relatively constant low rate, regardless of cell cycle stage. (news-medical.net)
However, most of the vertebrate histone genes are replication dependent and are therefore more highly expressed during the cell cycle's S phase. (news-medical.net)
Given that the replication dependent histone genes all activate upon entry into the S phase, it is speculated that there exists some further upstream regulatory element. (news-medical.net)
A cyclin E-CDK2 substrate called NPAT has been found to be associated with histone gene clusters, and cyclin E-CDK2 bolsters activation of histone gene transcription by NPAT. (news-medical.net)
Therefore, NPAT could be the link between cell cycle machinery and shared heightened transcription of histone genes during S phase. (news-medical.net)
PRMT5, a predominant type II PRMT in mammals, represses transcription by promoting symmetric dimethylation of arginine 8 on histone H3 (H3R8) and symmetric dimethylation of arginine 3 on histone H4 (H4R3) [ 6 ]. (e-enm.org)

Insulin inhibits GSK3 by promoting phosphorylation of a serine residue (Ser-21 in GSK3α, Ser-9 in GSK3β), thereby relieving GSK3 inhibition of glycogen synthesis in muscle. (portlandpress.com)
Interestingly, insulin injection of wild-type mice, which activates PKB (protein kinase B) and inhibits GSK3 to a greater degree than feeding (50% versus 25%), does not repress these genes. (portlandpress.com)

Serine kinase that plays an essential role in the NF-kappa-B signaling pathway which is activated by multiple stimuli such as inflammatory cytokines, bacterial or viral products, DNA damages or other cellular stresses. (cusabio.com)
Studies have shown that the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway controls cell fate and function through the transcriptional and post-translational regulation of omics networks. (frontiersin.org)

Database of human genes associated with cellular senescence. (senescence.info)

Blood induced widespread microglial transcriptional changes, including changes involving oxidative stress and neurodegenerative genes. (nature.com)

Survival factors can suppress apoptosis in a transcription-independent manner by activating AKT1 which then phosphorylates and inactivates components of the apoptotic machinery. (senescence.info)
Phosphorylates inhibitors of NF-kappa-B on 2 critical serine residues. (cusabio.com)
Phosphorylates FOXO3, mediating the TNF-dependent inactivation of this pro-apoptotic transcription factor. (cusabio.com)
Activated mTORC1 complex phosphorylates the transcription factor MAF1 on serine residues S60, S68 and S75 (Shor et al. (reactome.org)

Innate immune cells integrate environmental signals to rapidly activate target genes and perform specialized cellular functions 5 . (nature.com)
Upon TGF-β binding "type I" pain AEZS-108 activate through phosphorylation Smad2 and Smad3 that control target gene transcription. (biongenex.com)

A genetic interaction is inferred when mutations or deletions in separate genes, each of which alone causes a minimal phenotype, result in lethality when combined in the same cell under a given condition. (thebiogrid.org)

MAPK is a mitogen-activated protein kinase, a class of protein kinases with dual phosphorylation of serine and tyrosine in the cytosol. (cusabio.com)
TGF-β pain also start Erk MAPK signaling affecting association of this adaptor necessary protein ShcA and Tyr phosphorylation of ShcA by type I pain. (biongenex.com)

DARPP-32 can itself inhibit the following PKA DARPP-32 phosphorylation by cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5). (pp1a.com)

Nrf2 is a master eukaryotic redox-active factor and belongs to Cap 'n' Collar (Cnc)-bZIP (basic leucine zipper) family of transcription factors. (springer.com)
Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a commonly used model organism for understanding eukaryotic gene function. (thebiogrid.org)

2017). When nutrition deficiency occurs, TOR is inhibited and the phosphorylation level of a threonine (T657) of EIN2 is decreased, followed by the nuclear shuttling of the full-length EIN2 protein. (chinbullbotany.com)
Phosphorylation of additional residues also occurs, for example, in response to insulin growth factor-1 and epidermal growth factor. (senescence.info)
This occurs in part due to increased transcription, which constitutes a 3-10 fold increase in mRNA, as well as due to pre-mRNA processing and mRNA stability. (news-medical.net)

HO-1 and their products exert beneficial effects through the protection against oxidative injury, regulation of apoptosis, modulation of inflammation as well as contribution to angiogenesis. (springer.com)
IKK-related kinase phosphorylations may prevent the overproduction of inflammatory mediators since they exert a negative regulation on canonical IKKs. (cusabio.com)

NF-κB ( Nuclear Factor kappa B ) is a ubiquitous family of transcription factors involved in biological processes such as inflammation, immunity, proliferation and apoptosis [ 1 - 3 ]. (oncotarget.com)

Cytokine binding to the cell surface leads to phosphorylation of the receptor complex by receptor associated Janus kinases (JAKs) at tyrosine residues. (nature.com)

Grant from BBRSC Community Resource for Wheat and Rice Transformation to transform rice with pMMO genes. (brookes.ac.uk)

18) Furthermore, a recently determined BET bromodomain blocker (I-BET, Shape ?Shape1B)1B) suppressed lipopolysaccharide-inducible genes in macrophages and showed anti-inflammatory results in mice. (smartrailexpo-europe.com)

A Sweet Meet-New Mechanism on Nutrient and Hormone Regulation of Plant Growth[J]. Chinese Bulletin of Botany, 2021, 56(2): 138-141. (chinbullbotany.com)

GSK3 (glycogen synthase kinase-3) regulation is proposed to play a key role in the hormonal control of many cellular processes. (portlandpress.com)
encoded by Nfe2l2 gene) is a transcription factor responsible for the regulation of cellular redox balance and protective antioxidant and phase II detoxification responses in mammals [ 1 , 2 ]. (springer.com)

These studies identify functional EREs in the IKKB promoter and identify IKKB as an ERalpha and NSC35446.HCl-regulated gene, and they suggest that NF-kappaB and IKKB, which were previously linked to antiestrogen resistance, are targets for NSC35446.HCl in reversing antiestrogen resistance. (cusabio.com)
The signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A (STAT5A) and STAT5B transcription factors have a conserved functional domain structure organized in N-terminal oligomerization, Coiled-coil, DNA-binding, Linker, SH2 and C-terminal transactivation domain. (nature.com)

In this study, we examined the interplay between genes encoding components of the PAF1 complex and VPS36, the gene located next to CDC73 on chromosome XII. (thebiogrid.org)

Cis and trans interactions between genes encoding PAF1 complex and ESCRT machinery components in yeast. (thebiogrid.org)
However, the close proximity between yeast genes can complicate the interpretation of yeast genetic data, particularly high-throughput data. (thebiogrid.org)
PtrABF was subcellularly targeted to the nucleus, exhibited transactivation activity in yeast cell and could bind to ABRE, supporting its role as a transcription factor. (biomedcentral.com)

As a result, growing evidence support the role of this transcription factor in the pathogenesis number of human hematological and solid malignancies. (oncotarget.com)
PtrABF is a bZIP transcription factor and functions in positive modulation of drought stress tolerance. (biomedcentral.com)

More specifically, we summarize the roles of four PRMTs: PRMT1, PRMT 4, PRMT 5, and PRMT 6, in the control of hepatic gluconeogenesis through specific regulation of FoxO1- and CREB-dependent transcriptional events. (e-enm.org)

Anatomy18

Organisms10

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs110

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment25

Phenomena and Processes66

Information Science3

Proteins35

Tyrosine phosphorylation6

Regulates12

Acetylation6

Lysine residues1

Threonine-protein2

Histones2

Ubiquitination3

Protein encoded by this gene2

Putative2

Methylation4

Expression32

Gluconeogenic genes2

STAT36

PI3K2

Translocation2

Regulate5

Activates the transcription2

Kinase activity1

Metabolism2

Enzymes1

Stimulation1

Histone14

Inhibits2

Pathway2

Human genes1

Oxidative stress1

Phosphorylates4

Activate2

Mutations1

MAPK2

Inhibit1

Eukaryotic2

Occurs3

Exert2

Apoptosis1

Receptor1

Transformation1

Anti-inflammatory1

Mechanism1

Cellular2

Functional2

Chromosome1

Yeast3

Factor2

Hepatic1