Regulation of bacterial virulence. Medical search. Frequent questions

However, the underlying mechanisms are not understood and a possible role for prophages in driving virulence of coral pathogens, as is the case for V. cholerae , has not yet been considered. (nature.com)
We microarrays and proteomics are allowing the response of thus endeavor to understand how the pathogen adapts to bacterial pathogens to different environments to be probed the host microenvironment, what selective pressures are at the whole genome level. (cdc.gov)
Although using these technolo- acting on the pathogen in each microenvironment, what gies to analyze pathogens within a host is still in its infancy, bacterial factors are responsible for the host damage, and initial studies indicate that these technologies will be valu- able tools for understanding how the pathogen reacts to the how the immune system is evaded. (cdc.gov)
Bacterial pathogens must be able to gain gene-at-a-time" approach. (cdc.gov)
expression and do not allow true genomic-scale analysis, The primary aim of investigating bacterial pathogenesis but they have been devised to identify genes necessary for is to understand the way that pathogens interact with the pathogens during real infections. (cdc.gov)
PERSPECTIVE their application to analysis of bacterial pathogens during terial gene expression during growth in vitro under condi- real infections is still in its infancy. (cdc.gov)
The central nervous system (CNS) is extremely resistant to infection by bacterial pathogens due to a combination of protective effects of its bony structures (skull and vertebral column), the meninges, and the blood-brain barrier. (medscape.com)
The deficiency of immunologic components in the CNS is crucial, as specific antibody and complement components are essential for opsonization of encapsulated bacterial pathogens and their efficient phagocytosis and elimination. (medscape.com)
In the United States, the epidemiology of bacterial meningitis has changed dramatically in the last few decades, primarily due to the introduction of vaccination against common meningeal pathogens. (medscape.com)
Written and edited by experts in the field, this collection from Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine provides a comprehensive review of the biology of these pathogens, their virulence mechanisms, and the host's response to infection. (cshlpress.com)
The host specificity of bacterial pathogens and the genetic basis of susceptibility are also considered. (cshlpress.com)
Finally, we discuss the opportunities and challenges of autophagy manipulation in improving therapeutics and vaccines against bacterial pathogens. (frontiersin.org)
Here, we review the many functions of autophagy in bacterial infections with a focus on macrophages, the first line of host defenses, and the replicative niche of numerous pathogens. (frontiersin.org)
We have previously identified a panel of inhibitors targeting bacterial histidine kinases in bacteria that inhibit targets involved in the regulation of virulence and stress response pathways in bacterial pathogens (Velikova et al. (wur.nl)
Many enteric pathogens are equipped with multiple cell adhesion factors which are important for host tissue colonization and virulence. (uni-muenchen.de)
We conclude that even small variations in the expression of virulence factors can provoke a major difference in the virulence properties of closely related pathogens which may confer better survival or a higher pathogenic potential in a certain host or host environment. (uni-muenchen.de)
The discovered mechanosensitive pathway is conserved in other pathogens, allowing this strategy to be exploited for developing unique antibiotics to combat multiple types of bacterial infections. (technologypublisher.com)
Overall my research aims to elucidate how Gram-negative bacterial pathogens are able to successfully cause disease. (dundee.ac.uk)
All together, these areas contribute towards a better understanding of how Gram-negative bacterial pathogens interact with each other and with the host organism to proliferate and cause disease. (dundee.ac.uk)
We study a number of Gram-negative bacterial pathogens, mostly members of the Enterobacteriaceae, including the human pathogens Serratia marcescens , E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae , and the plant pathogens Erwinia spp. (dundee.ac.uk)
Streptococcal pathogens continue to evade concerted efforts to decipher clear-cut virulence mechanisms, although numerous genes have been implicated in pathogenesis. (cdc.gov)
Further, we study strategies developed by bacterial pathogens in order to avoid killing by complement, which results in infections. (lu.se)

2016 Sci Rep ). Inhibiting virulence mechanisms in disease-causing bacteria would disarm the pathogen, enabling the host innate immune system to eradicate the pathogen from the body and reduce selection for emergence and spread of drug-resistance in host-associated microbiota. (wur.nl)
Researchers in the Department of Molecular Biology at Princeton University and the School of Medicine at Dartmouth College have identified a novel strategy for inhibiting the pathogenesis of the human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa by regulating its virulence factors upon surface contact instead of inhibiting its growth. (technologypublisher.com)
Both the alga and the bacterium were found to co-occur during a natural E. huxleyi bloom, therefore establishing this host-pathogen system as an attractive, ecologically relevant model for studying algal-bacterial interactions in the oceans. (huji.ac.il)
Intriguingly, exogenous application of DMSP enhanced bacterial virulence and induced susceptibility in an algal strain typically resistant to the bacterial pathogen. (huji.ac.il)
For many of our studies we use the potent anti-bacterial T6SS of the opportunistic pathogen Serratia marcescens as a model system. (dundee.ac.uk)
CsrRS (or CovRS) is a two-component system implicated in the control of multiple virulence determinants in the important human pathogen, group A Streptococcus (GAS). (lu.se)

Regulation of bacterial virulence gene expression by the host environment. (jci.org)
DNA supercoiling and environmental regulation of gene expression in pathogenic bacteria. (microbiologyresearch.org)
The key interests lie within the field of genome integrity and variation, cell division, regulation of gene expression, protein turnover and signal transduction. (ki.se)
Analysis of virulence related gene expression and computational simulations of pivotal proteins involved in pathogenesis demonstrate that myricetin downregulates the saeR global regulator and interacts with sortase A and α-hemolysin. (nature.com)
Clearly, interspecies bacterial communication influences the regulation of gene expression. (asmblog.org)
Subinhibitory concentrations of tetracycline affect virulence gene expression in a multi-resistant Salmonella enterica subsp. (mcmaster.ca)
Given the high number of virulence factors present in these bacteria, and the niche-specific role many of them play during different stages of the infectious process, gene expression must be finely tuned in order to efficiently coordinate their expression, and also continue to preserve energy pools. (biomedcentral.com)
The analysis of virulence gene expression in vivo, i.e. in infected host cells, indicates that yet uncharacterized bacterial factors other than PrfA, and possibly also host factors, modulate the expression of the PrfA regulon. (ed.ac.uk)
Faculty in this area use state-of-the-art approaches such as genetics of model organisms, bioinformatics, computational biology and functional genomics to study cellular development, signal transduction, regulation of gene expression, microbial pathogenesis, and the evolutionary origin of higher organisms. (umd.edu)
Immunology and Infectious Diseases: Virology, Ribosome Structure & Function and Regulation of Gene Expression. (umd.edu)
The effect of Mg(2+) on regulation of global gene expression was evaluated using genomic microarrays in an M-type 3 strain of GAS and in an isogenic csrS mutant. (lu.se)

In Vibrio cholerae , infection by a bacterial virus (bacteriophage) results in the conversion of non-pathogenic strains to pathogenic strains and this can lead to cholera pandemics. (nature.com)
This process of inducing virulence in an otherwise harmless bacterium through prophage infection and integration of the prophage genome into the bacterial host genome is called lysogenic conversion 8 . (nature.com)
Our findings indicate that C. difficile employs phase variation of the CmrRST signal transduction system to generate phenotypic heterogeneity during infection, with concomitant effects on bacterial physiology and pathogenesis. (nih.gov)
Preexisting and/or predisposing conditions are a strong component of the severity of bacterial CNS infection. (medscape.com)
Meningitis is the inflammation of the leptomeninges and the most common central nervous system (CNS) bacterial infection. (medscape.com)
These targets are critical for different biological functions but converge on virulence expression in persistent infections such as the lung infection in patients with cystic fibrosis. (luc.edu)
Both variations were shown to influence bacterial colonization in a murine infection model. (uni-muenchen.de)
One-hit wonder: Late after burn injury, granulocytes can clear one bacterial infection but cannot control a subsequent infection. (wolfganglab.com)
This theme seems to be common in bacterial infection, because the Ipa-Mxi-Spa-like type III secretion systems were also down-regulated during mammalian cell infection by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and Escherichia coli O157. (strath.ac.uk)
Psittacosis --- also known as parrot fever and ornithosis --- is spread by a bacterial infection of birds that can cause severe pneumonia and other serious health problems among humans. (cdc.gov)

Virulence factors located on chromosomal pathogenicity islands also exist in some strains of V. coralliilyticus . (nature.com)
The additional information gen- these responses will increase understanding of the molec- erated by whole genome studies goes far beyond that ular mechanisms of pathogenesis, identify new bacterial derived by characterizing in isolation more genes and gene virulence factors, and aid in the design of new vaccines. (cdc.gov)
Research on secreted bacterial virulence factors of Chlamydia spp . (umaryland.edu)
We report here that myricetin, but not its glycosylated form, can remarkably decrease the production of several S. aureus virulence factors, including adhesion, biofilm formation, hemolysis and staphyloxanthin production, without interfering with growth. (nature.com)
It is quite resistant to antimicrobials and has several virulence factors that contribute to its high pathogenicity. (usp.br)
Most of this regulation is carried out directly by transcription factors that modulate the activity of promoters aimed at expressing virulence factors. (usp.br)
S. aureus has a vast array of virulence determinants whose expression is modulated by an intricate regulatory network, where transcriptional factors (TFs) are the primary elements. (biomedcentral.com)
This organism produces a diverse array of virulence factors, including toxins, adhesins, colonization and biofilm factors. (biomedcentral.com)
The growth-regulating Doc toxin exhibits structural similarity to secreted virulence factors that are toxic for eukaryotic target cells. (nih.gov)
Secretion systems, and the diverse proteins that they secrete, represent key virulence factors against eukaryotic host organisms. (dundee.ac.uk)
Targeting bacterial virulence factors is a wise option, as it can mitigate the pathogenicity of bacteria without eradicating them. (qxmd.com)
The pathogenicity of C. albicans is mainly due to its virulence factors, which are the novel targets of antifungal drugs for low risk of resistance development. (qxmd.com)
Various inflammatory cascades are discussed in more detail to provide in-depth knowledge of the connection of the symptoms to both the virulence factors in microorganisms and to the immunological defence in humans. (uu.se)
Bacterial ribonucleotide reductases (RNRs) play a significant role in the formation of dNTPs and their expression is normally regulated with the transcription factors NrdR and Hair. (immune-source.com)

A secreted bacterial protease may also act as an exotoxin, and be an example of a virulence factor in bacterial pathogenesis. (stratech.co.uk)
His work discovered new components of the bacterial cytoskeleton, new functions for bacterial polymers in metabolism, compartmentalization, and chromosome dynamics, and established the importance of protein assembly for unexpected processes like metabolism and pathogenesis. (technologypublisher.com)

We currently focus on three protein targets involved in difference aspects of virulence expression in pathogenic bacteria. (luc.edu)
As in all pathogenic bacteria, virulence of the facultative intracellular Listeria species is a multifactorial trait. (ed.ac.uk)

The identification of novel virulence determinants and vaccine targets. (sheffield.ac.uk)

Microscopic analysis of cell and colony structure indicates that CmrRST promotes the formation of elongated bacteria arranged in bundled chains, which may contribute to bacterial migration on surfaces. (nih.gov)
Research in the Paczkowski laboratory focuses on the mechanisms of regulation of quorum sensing (QS) in Gram-negative bacteria, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Vibrio cholerae , Aeromonas hydrophila , and Chromobacterium violaceum . (wadsworth.org)
We use a combination of bacterial genetics, biochemistry, structural biology, and chemical biology to understand how bacteria respond appropriately to signals in a complex environment. (wadsworth.org)
Overall, a variety of approaches including protein engineering, inhibitor design and discovery of super agonistic ligands will be used to exploit the potential of reducing virulence, to bring about novel treatments that overcome antibiotic resistance in bacteria, and to improve the quality of life of patients who suffer from these life-long infections. (luc.edu)
An important factor of bacterial virulence is the formation of biofilms which are aggregates of microorganisms incorporated into an extracellular matrix that protects bacteria from hostile environments. (usp.br)
The bacteria experienced restricted levels of iron, magnesium, and phosphate in both host cell types, as shown by up-regulation of the sitABCD system, the mgtA gene, and genes of the phoBR regulon. (strath.ac.uk)
Most bacterial nosocomial pneumonias occur by aspiration of bacteria colonizing the oropharynx or upper gastrointestinal tract of the patient. (cdc.gov)
We observed CsrS-dependent regulation of 72 of the 73 genes whose expression changed in response to elevated extracellular Mg(2+) in wild-type bacteria, a result that identifies CsrS as the principal, if not exclusive, sensor for extracellular Mg(2+) in GAS. (lu.se)

Our previous studies recognized peptidyl-prolyl isomerase (PrsA) as a critical virulence factor promoting SS2 pathogenicity. (qxmd.com)

Essentially nothing is known about the signal transduction pathways involved in the observed differential expression of virulence genes. (ed.ac.uk)

QS is a process of bacterial cell-cell communication that controls virulence and biofilm formation in many bacterial species. (wadsworth.org)
An increase in bacterial mutation rate can promote biofilm formation. (southampton.ac.uk)
Biofilm formation on the implant impairs the immune response, leading to bacterial persistence. (qxmd.com)

Mapping transcriptional regulation of biofilm-related genes promoters in Pseudomonas. (usp.br)
For example, in chronic skin wounds, Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence is activated by Gram-positive organisms, such as Staphylococcus aureus . (asmblog.org)

The objectives of the proposed Transnational Network are to bring together scientists from academia and industry working in relevant multidisciplinary fields to develop integrated strategies to overcome the permeability barrier of Gram-negative cell envelopes and further develop newly discovered histidine kinase inhibitors as anti-virulence therapies. (wur.nl)
In this study, we identified a maleimide compound [1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1hydro-pyrrole-2,5-dione, MPD] that exerts effective anti-virulence activity. (qxmd.com)

Despite advances in diagnostic techniques and therapeutic interventions, the combination of the bacterial virulence and the patient's immunostatus contributes to the high morbidity and mortality associated with bacterial infections of the CNS. (medscape.com)
Bacterial infections can involve different compartments of the CNS, leading to different clinical and pathologic manifestations. (medscape.com)
Autophagy is a well-conserved lysosomal degradation pathway that plays key roles in bacterial infections. (frontiersin.org)
Dr. Liu's research group primarily employs X-ray crystallography in combination with mechanistic, biological and computational methods to study proteins involved in bacterial infections and other human diseases. (luc.edu)
The course section on clinical microbiology and infectious diseases discusses the most important viral, bacterial, fungal and parasitic infections that occur in human medicine. (uu.se)
Sections on the prevention of bacterial pneumonia in mechanically ventilated and/or critically ill patients, care of respiratory-therapy devices, prevention of cross-contamination, and prevention of viral lower respiratory tract infections (e.g., respiratory syncytial virus {RSV} and influenza infections) have been expanded and updated. (cdc.gov)
Multidrug resistant bacterial infections are an important public health problem, and we know that use of antibiotics in both humans and food-producing animals drives antimicrobial resistance. (cdc.gov)

It is increasingly becoming recognised that protein secretion systems can also be important mediators of competition between bacterial cells, with such systems delivering anti-bacterial toxins. (dundee.ac.uk)
We are interested in the molecular mechanisms and regulation of the T6SS machinery, but also in the identification and characterisation of new anti-bacterial toxins secreted by the system. (dundee.ac.uk)

Host defense mechanisms that are normally seen in other areas of the body are inadequate in the CNS for preventing bacterial replication and progression of the disease process. (medscape.com)
Although antibiotics and vaccines control their prevalence to some extent, the emergence of new virulence mechanisms and new forms of resistance to antibacterial agents makes research in this field critical to understanding and controlling infectious diseases. (cshlpress.com)
Other chapters are devoted to the pathogenic mechanisms of specific bacterial species (e.g. (cshlpress.com)

A comparison of the TF repertoire of S. aureus against 1209 sequenced bacterial genomes was carried out allowing us to identify a core set of orthologous TFs for the Staphylococacceae , and also allowing us to assign potential functions to previously uncharacterized TFs. (biomedcentral.com)
We have evaluated the orthologous distribution of these elements in other sequenced bacterial genomes using the repertoire of TFs identified in USA300, and identified a core set of regulators for both the Firmicutes phylum, and the Staphylococacceae group. (biomedcentral.com)
Type I toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems are widespread genetic modules in bacterial genomes. (mdpi.com)

on-going studies aim to employ lactonase as a protein therapeutic to disrupt bacterial cell-to-cell communication, quorum-quenching. (luc.edu)
Furthermore, we found that co-expression of YadA and down-regulation of the O-antigen at 37°C is required to allow efficient internalization by the InvA protein. (uni-muenchen.de)
Conceptual parallels exist between bacterial and eukaryotic small-RNA (sRNA) pathways, yet relatively little is known about which protein may recognize and recruit bacterial sRNAs to interact with targets. (biomedcentral.com)
Protein secretion systems are molecular machines used by bacterial cells to translocate specific sets of proteins out of the bacterial cell, either to the extracellular milieu or directly into target cells (eukaryotic or prokaryotic. (dundee.ac.uk)
Sjöberg A., Trouw L., McGrath F., Hack E. C. and Blom A. M. (2006) Regulation of complement activation by C-reactive protein: targeting of the inhibitory activity of C4b-binding protein. (lu.se)

As virulence determinant production is very tightly regulated in S. aureus , a thorough understanding of its regulatory network is necessary to fully comprehend the pathogenic processes of this bacterium. (biomedcentral.com)
Finally, we examine the conservation of 135 USA300 TFs amongst 11 other S. aureus strains, identifying a key group of regulators that display a high degree of conservation, including many that have previously been demonstrated to play a role in virulence gene regulation. (biomedcentral.com)

Bacterial exotoxic proteases destroy extracellular structures. (stratech.co.uk)
Bacterial extracellular polysaccharides (EPSs) play critical roles in virulence. (ox.ac.uk)

Virulence of Group A Streptococci Is Enhanced by Human Complement Inhibitors. (lu.se)

Biofilms are increasingly recognised as the predominant mode of bacterial growth including within medical, engineered, and environmental contexts. (southampton.ac.uk)
We discovered that exogenous nitric oxide can act as a signal for the dispersal of bacterial biofilms. (southampton.ac.uk)

Current antibiotics work by interfering with bacterial growth, which is a fine game plan… until it stops working. (wadsworth.org)

Unlike antibacterials that aim to inhibit cell growth, antivirulence therapies are based on the inhibition of bacterial virulence. (nature.com)
On Target 2, on-going studies aim to inhibit acylase to disrupt bacterial iron acquisition. (luc.edu)

These target cells can be eukaryotic host cells, making the T6SS a classical virulence factor. (dundee.ac.uk)

Bacterial illnesses such as tuberculosis, pneumonia, typhoid fever, meningitis, and dysentery are some of the most devastating worldwide. (cshlpress.com)
Because intubation and mechanical ventilation alter first-line patient defenses, they greatly increase the risk for nosocomial bacterial pneumonia. (cdc.gov)

Sortase A (SrtA), which is critical for bacterial adhesion, invasion, and immune evasion, is a promising target for virulence inhibition in S. aureu s. (qxmd.com)

Moreover in comparison to NrdR deletion cells overexpressing NrdR demonstrated significantly reduced adherence to individual epithelial cells reflecting reduced bacterial Fesoterodine fumarate (Toviaz) virulence. (immune-source.com)

In addition to the PrfA regulon, the Clp stress proteins have an impact on Listeria virulence. (ed.ac.uk)

These outcomes suggest that raised appearance of NrdR is actually a suitable methods to retard bacterial development and virulence as its raised expression decreases bacterial fitness and impairs web host cell adhesion. (immune-source.com)

Using QS as a model will allow us to understand long-standing questions in the field related to signal recognition preferences in single species and multi-species environments and the regulation of the interrelated signaling cascade that exists to coordinate behavior. (wadsworth.org)
The net impact of nutritional regulation of protease activity among the thousands of species present in soil can be observed at the overall microbial community level as proteins are broken down in response to carbon, nitrogen, or sulfur limitation. (stratech.co.uk)

The involvement of viral DNA-binding proteins in the regulation of virulence genes, transcription, DNA replication, and repair make them significant targets. (mdpi.com)

Bacterial toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems serve a variety of physiological functions including regulation of cell growth and maintenance of foreign genetic elements. (nih.gov)

Bacterial strains and plasmids are described in Table 1 . (hindawi.com)
Additionally, exploring the regulatory differences between CA-MRSA and other MRSA strains may aid our understanding of the increase in virulence observed amongst community-associated isolates. (biomedcentral.com)

More broadly, I have had a long-standing interest in inter-bacterial interactions, including past work on quorum sensing in pathogenic Enterobacteriaceae. (dundee.ac.uk)

On Target 3 , on-going studies aim to modulate GabR-dependent transcription regulation to weaken bacterial stress response. (luc.edu)

Nitric oxide-mediated regulation of biofilm dispersal. (southampton.ac.uk)

Further work has shown the importance of this phage in the P. aeruginosa biofilm lifecycle and virulence. (southampton.ac.uk)

This correlates with the loss of the negative auto-regulation in vivo: in transgenic plants constitutively overexpressing AtGRP7 (AtGRP7-ox), a shift occurs to an alternatively spliced AtGRP7 transcript that decays rapidly, and thus does not accumulate to high levels. (uni-bielefeld.de)

The presence of these genetic signatures indicates virulence in V. coralliilyticus is driven by prophages and other horizontally acquired elements. (nature.com)

Bacterial and fungal proteases are particularly important to the global carbon and nitrogen cycles in the recycling of proteins, and such activity tends to be regulated by nutritional signals in these organisms. (stratech.co.uk)

In this sense, we aim to characterize the behaviour of different promoters of genes involved in biofilm regulation under different conditions and to search for possible new DNAbinding proteins associated with their promoter regions. (usp.br)
The expression of the bacterial genes involved in the different steps of the infectious process--invasion, intracellular multiplication and spreading--is temporally and spatially controlled, thus ensuring the presence of the respective gene products at the right moment and place. (ed.ac.uk)

These include quantitative proteomics, genomics and non-mammalian virulence models. (dundee.ac.uk)

A limited study had indicated that in Sinorhizobium meliloti the YbeY ortholog regulates the accumulation of sRNAs as well as the target mRNAs, raising the possibility that YbeY may play a previously unrecognized role in bacterial sRNA regulation. (biomedcentral.com)
Fermentable carbon sources seem to have a particular role in virulence gene regulation. (ed.ac.uk)
More than half a century ago, Heukelekian and Heller [6] showed that at low nutrient concentrations substrate plays an important role in bacterial multiplication. (who.int)
Recently, we initiated projects focused on studies of intracellular complement such as role of complement inhibitor CD59 in insulin secretion and C3 in regulation of autophagy. (lu.se)

Bacterial compartment is captured by autophagosome either via ubiquitination (A.2, 3) or host glycan recognition by galectins (A.3). (frontiersin.org)
Bacterial capsules provide protection against environmental challenges and host immunity. (bvsalud.org)

The key S. flexneri virulence genes, ipa-mxi-spa and icsA, were drastically downregulated during intracellular growth. (strath.ac.uk)

He identified periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)-staining granules, most likely representing degenerating bacterial forms, within macrophages isolated from the small bowel as well as other tissue and fluid specimens (eg, pericardium, endocardium, lymph nodes, synovia, lung, brain, meninges) obtained from patients in whom Whipple disease was suspected. (medscape.com)

Anatomy10

Organisms43

Diseases22

Chemicals and Drugs30

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment18

Phenomena and Processes44

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science4

Pathogens22

Pathogen6

Gene expression11

Infection10

Factors14

Pathogenesis2

Pathogenic Bacteria2

Determinants1

Bacteria8

Pathogenicity1

Signal Transduction1

Biofilm formation3

Pseudomonas2

Anti-virulence2

Infections7

Toxins2

Mechanisms3

Genomes3

Protein5

Aureus2

Extracellular2

Inhibitors1

Biofilms2

Antibiotics1

Inhibit2

Eukaryotic host cells1

Pneumonia2

Inhibition1

Epithelial cells1

Listeria1

Decreases1

Species2

Replication1

Toxin-antitoxin1

Strains2

Quorum1

Transcription1

Dispersal1

Aeruginosa1

Vivo1

Genetic1

Fungal1

Genes involved2

Genomics1

Role4

Host2

Intracellular1

Macrophages1