Regulation of adipocyte. Medical search. Frequent questions

The increased white adipose tissue mass associated with obesity is the result of both hyperplasia and hypertrophy of adipocytes. (rockefeller.edu)
Obesity can be viewed as a state of long-term lipid disequilibrium that is marked by massive adipocyte hypertrophy and is a major risk factor for developing insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. (jci.org)
Along with adipocyte hypertrophy, macrophage infiltration of white adipose tissue (WAT) is associated with the pathophysiology of obesity, AD and IR, albeit the underlying molecular mechanisms are uncharacterized. (hhs.gov)
This is potentially leading to adipocyte hypertrophy that in turn causes hyperglycemia due to age- and genetic ablation-mediated P311 expression leading to overworked and exhausted adipocytes in P311 KOs or low P311 expressing adipocytes compared to wild types. (hhs.gov)
We will also explore key adipocyte cellular processes of apoptosis and autophagy/lipophagy, which may affect adipocyte turnover in the WAT of P311 KO mice, leading to adipocyte hypertrophy and dysfunction, and thus metabolic deregulation. (hhs.gov)
This phenotype is associated with increased subcutaneous adipose tissue mass, adipocyte hypertrophy, and inflammation. (medscape.com)
Deletion of AQP7 in mice leads to development of obesity and adipocyte hypertrophy, suggesting an important role in human metabolism. (lu.se)

In addition, various adipokines secreted by adipocytes regulate the proliferation and differentiation of T cells. (frontiersin.org)
Simultaneously, adipocytes secrete various cytokines including leptin, resistin, TNF-α and IL-6 to regulate the differentiation and function of T and B lymphocytes. (frontiersin.org)
Next, we summarize various cytokines produced by adipocytes that regulate the survival, activation and differentiation of B cells. (frontiersin.org)
Terminal differentiation is that preadipocytes differentiate into mature adipocytes. (wikipedia.org)
Adipogenesis is a tightly regulated cellular differentiation process, in which mesenchymal stem cells committing to preadipocytes and preadipocytes differentiating into adipocytes. (wikipedia.org)
PPARγ is required for embryonic stem cells (ES cells) differentiation to adipocytes. (wikipedia.org)
Results DIM, but not I3C, increased adipocyte differentiation through upregulation of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ and CCAAT/enhancer‐binding protein α. (researchgate.net)
ADIG/SMAF1 is an adipocyte-specific protein that plays a role in adipocyte differentiation (Kim et al. (nih.gov)
Cloning, expression, and differentiation-dependent regulation of SMAF1 in adipogenesis. (nih.gov)
Is Adipocyte Differentiation the Default Lineage for Mesenchymal Stem/Progenitor Cells after Loss of Mechanical Loading? (scirp.org)
However, details regarding the regulation of MSC/MPC proliferation and differentiation status are still unclear and it is likely that regulation involves both biological and mechanical influences in the different environments. (scirp.org)
The origins and basis for these fat deposits are largely unknown, but there is a possibility that the altered mechanical and biological environments lead to dysregulation of MSC/MPC and progression to preferential differentiation towards the adipocyte lineage. (scirp.org)
Hart, D. (2014) Is Adipocyte Differentiation the Default Lineage for Mesenchymal Stem/Progenitor Cells after Loss of Mechanical Loading? (scirp.org)
Here, we show that murine GATA-2 and GATA-3 are specifically expressed in white adipocyte precursors and that their down-regulation sets the stage for terminal differentiation. (nih.gov)
Constitutive GATA-2 and GATA-3 expression suppressed adipocyte differentiation and trapped cells at the preadipocyte stage. (nih.gov)
Thus, GATA-2 and GATA-3 regulate adipocyte differentiation through molecular control of the preadipocyte-adipocyte transition. (nih.gov)

Multiple modes of insulin regulation of lipolysis and regulation of insulin responses by adenylate cyclase regulators. (nature.com)
A deletion in the gene encoding hormone-sensitive lipase, a key enzyme for lipolysis, was associated with abnormalities in adipocyte function and systemic lipid and glucose homeostasis. (medpagetoday.com)
The findings "indicate the physiological significance of HSL in adipocyte function and the regulation of systemic lipid and glucose homeostasis, and underscore the severe metabolic consequences of impaired lipolysis," they wrote. (medpagetoday.com)
HSL, which is encoded by the LIPE gene, is a key player in lipolysis within adipocytes. (medpagetoday.com)
Damcott and colleagues noted that the findings were somewhat unusual because a defect in an enzyme critical for lipolysis would be expected to result in excess lipid storage, but the researchers observed the opposite, "providing evidence that HSL plays a key role in maintaining adipogenesis and adipocyte function. (medpagetoday.com)
The aquaglyceroporin AQP7 is expressed in adipocytes where it regulates glycerol efflux as it translocate to the plasma membrane during lipolysis as a result of catecholamine stimulation. (lu.se)

Concentrations of cholesterol and triglycerides are strongly correlated in the adipocyte, but little is known about mechanisms regulating cholesterol metabolism in fat cells. (jci.org)
While the physiological role of adipose tissue in cholesterol and oxLDL metabolism remains to be established, the induction of OLR1 is a potential means by which PPARγ ligands regulate lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity in adipocytes. (jci.org)
hence, the physiological circuits implicated in the regulation of energy metabolism must be able to quickly adjust to changes in either side of the equation. (researchgate.net)
They also found that patients with the homozygous genotype developed diabetes early in adulthood and had downregulation of PPAR-gamma-dependent genes that are responsible for adipogenesis and the maintenance of adipocyte function, which "alter[s] the regulation of pathways influencing adipogenesis, insulin sensitivity, and lipid metabolism," they wrote. (medpagetoday.com)
An overall aim of our research is to study the regulation and function of protein phosphorylation cascades that are important for the maintenance of a normal energy metabolism and that might be involved in the pathophysiological changes that ultimately lead to type 2 diabetes. (lu.se)
Our goal is to determine their role in the control of adipocyte metabolism, both in healthy and in diseased states. (lu.se)

PPARg activation has effects on several aspects of the mature adipocyte characteristics such as morphological changes, lipid accumulation, and the acquisition of insulin sensitivity. (wikipedia.org)
C/EBPα also plays an important role in the insulin sensitivity of adipocytes. (wikipedia.org)
This study aimed to determine whether I3C or DIM could increase glucose uptake via enhanced insulin sensitivity in 3T3‐L1 adipocytes, as well as the mechanism involved. (researchgate.net)

Our results highlight the crucial role of ETP as an obesity-associated factor that promotes tumor growth in the context of adipocyte interactions with tumor and stromal cells. (jci.org)
Importantly, NR1D1 action in adipocytes is critical to the development of obesity-related WAT pathology and insulin resistance. (elifesciences.org)
Very little is known about the maintenance of fat cells (adipocytes) in humans, how different fat depots are maintained and how (or if) this is altered in obesity. (europa.eu)
Understanding the dynamics of adipocyte turnover may shed new light on potential treatments for obesity. (europa.eu)
The metabolic and immune responses to obesity affect many organs and particularly the adipose tissue where macrophages are key effector cells modulating inflammation through the signals received from adipocytes. (bmj.com)
Alison's previous wet-lab research interests lie in adipose tissue regulation, obesity and developmental origins of health and disease. (nottingham.ac.uk)
GATA-3-deficient embryonic stem cells exhibit an enhanced capacity to differentiate into adipocytes, and defective GATA-2 and GATA-3 expression is associated with obesity. (nih.gov)
Among the many variants linked to a high BMI, variants in the Fat Mass and Obesity Associated gene (FTO for short) stand out due to their well-studied link with body fat regulation. (helix.com)
The Boudina Laboratory we are interested in understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in weight gain regulation and adipose tissue expansion in diet-induced obesity (DIO). (utah.edu)
Adipocyte-Specific Deletion of Manganese Superoxide Dismutase Protects From Diet-Induced Obesity Through Increased Mitochondrial Uncoupling and Biogenesis. (utah.edu)

Regulation of protein kinase B in rat adipocytes by insulin, vanadate, and peroxovanadate. (lu.se)
Adipocyte protein synthetic rate was not inhibited by medium containing 4.5 mg/ml glucose, suggesting that these high glucose concentrations were not generally toxic to cells. (diabetesjournals.org)
Egan, J. J., Greenberg, A. S., Chang, M. K. & Londos, C. Control of endogenous phosphorylation of the major cAMP-dependent protein kinase substrate in adipocytes by insulin and beta-adrenergic stimulation. (nature.com)
Adipocyte-derived factors involved in tumor progression include proteins such as adiponectin, leptin, TNF-α, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), IL-6, and ECM components that control tumor cell behavior within the tumor microenvironment. (jci.org)
Such genes include the adipocyte lipid-binding protein (ALBP or aP2) which plays a central role in facilitating the trafficking of fatty acids within adipocytes. (umn.edu)
These genes include adipocyte protein (aP2), insulin receptor, glycerophosphate dehydrogenase, fatty acid synthase, acetyl CoA carboxylase, glucose transporter type 4 (Glut 4) and so on. (wikipedia.org)
Up-regulation of adipogenin, an adipocyte plasma transmembrane protein, during adipogenesis. (nih.gov)
Studies in mouse indicate the 80 aa SMAF1 protein is involved in adipocyte tissue function or regulation. (nih.gov)
[ 17 , 18 ] TCF7L2 protein is increased during adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells and in primary adipocyte stem cells. (medscape.com)
Inactivation of TCF7L2 protein attained by removing the high-mobility group (HMG)-box DNA binding domain in mature adipocytes in vivo leads to whole-body glucose intolerance and hepatic insulin resistance. (medscape.com)
The transcriptional repressor HBP1 is a target of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in cell cycle regulation. (nih.gov)
Leptin, the protein product of the ob gene, is a hormone that is secreted principally by adipose tissue (adipocyte-derived hormone). (researchgate.net)
We propose a molecular mechanism where the AQP7 mobility in adipocytes is dependent on perilipin 1 and protein kinase A. Structural analyses combined with ex vivo studies in human primary adipocytes, demonstrate that perilipin 1 binds to AQP7, and that catecholamine activated protein kinase A phosphorylates the N-terminus of AQP7, thereby reducing complex formation. (lu.se)

The second phase of growth arrest is the expression of two key transcription factors PPARγ and C/EBPα which promote expression of genes that confer the characteristics of mature adipocytes. (wikipedia.org)

Here, we applied CROP-Seq to study adipogenesis and adipocyte biology. (bvsalud.org)

However, preadipocytes cell lines have difficult to different to differentiate into adipocytes. (wikipedia.org)

DIM also enhanced glucose uptake by increasing expression of glucose transporter 4 in adipocytes. (researchgate.net)
3,3′-diindolylmethane (DIM)-a natural compound produced from indole-3-carbinol, found in cruciferous vegetables-enhances glucose uptake by increasing the activation of the insulin signaling pathway in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. (researchgate.net)

Obese adipocytes overexpress MHC class II molecules and costimulators to act as antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and promote the activation of CD4 + T cells. (frontiersin.org)
The current proposal aims to determine the dynamics of human adipose tissue maintenance and investigate any differences in regulation of the fat mass in lean and obese individuals. (europa.eu)

While adipocyte development and transcriptional processes are well studied in vitro, regulation of in vivo genes (such as leptin), the identity of the adipocyte progenitor cells and the development of the adipose organ have not been defined invivo. (rockefeller.edu)
Adipocytes can arise either from preadipocytes resident in adipose tissue, or from bone-marrow derived progenitor cells that migrate to adipose tissue. (wikipedia.org)

Perilipin, a major hormonally regulated adipocyte-specific phosphoprotein associated with the periphery of lipid storage droplets. (nature.com)
Hansen JS, de Maré S, Jones HA, Göransson O and Lindkvist-Petersson K. Visualization of lipid directed dynamics of perilipin 1 in human primary adipocytes. (lu.se)

A wide number of adipocyte genes are regulated by exogenous polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) through the actions of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor. (umn.edu)

Petri R, Pircs K, Jönsson ME, Åkerblom M, Brattås PL, Klussendorf T, Jakobsson J. let-7 regulates radial migration of new-born neurons through positive regulation of autophagy. (lu.se)

Next, through a leptin-luciferase animal model, where luciferase is expressed only in adipocytes (see below), the location and timing of embryonic adipose development were determined. (rockefeller.edu)
Leptin is an in vivo regulated adipocyte hormone, which is the afferent signal in a negative feedback loop controlling body weight and energy expenditure. (rockefeller.edu)
To study the responses of adipocytes to changes in weight, leptin-luciferase animals were used to show that weight loss induced by fasting or leptin treatment results in the retention of lipid-depleted adipocytes in adipose depots. (rockefeller.edu)
In addition to their main functions, adipocytes have endocrine functions and can secrete a variety of adipokines such as leptin, adiponectin, and resistin ( 2 - 4 ). (frontiersin.org)
The key features of differentiated adipocytes are growth arrest, morphological change, high expression of lipogenic genes and production of adipokines like adiponectin, leptin, resistin (in the mouse, not in humans) and TNF-alpha. (wikipedia.org)
13 Leptin is synthesized and released predominantly by adipocytes, and its serum concentrations correlate positively with body mass index (BMI) and the amount of adipose tissue. (researchgate.net)
Leptin serves as a feedback signal from fat cells to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM in regulation of food intake, energy balance, and fat storage. (bvsalud.org)

However, information is so far scarce regarding its regulation in primary insulin-responsive cells. (lu.se)
This review describes how adipocytes participate in adaptive immunity from the perspective of T cells and B cells, and discusses their role in the pathogenesis of various diseases. (frontiersin.org)
Adipocytes are the main constituent cells of adipose tissue. (frontiersin.org)
Recently, an increasing number of studies have shown that adipocytes have immunological functions capable of recruiting and activating immune cells. (frontiersin.org)
Several studies have shown that adipocytes highly express CD1d, which presents lipid antigens to invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells and stimulates the activation of iNKT cells ( 5 - 7 ). (frontiersin.org)
Moreover, like other nucleated cells, adipocytes express MHC class I molecules. (frontiersin.org)
However, there is no clear evidence that adipocytes interact directly with CD8 + T cells through antigen:MHCI complex. (frontiersin.org)
Adipocytes can directly activate CD4 + T cells through antigen:MHCII complex in a contact-dependent manner. (frontiersin.org)
Adipogenesis is the formation of adipocytes (fat cells) from stem cells. (wikipedia.org)
Determination is mesenchymal stem cells committing to the adipocyte precursor cells, also known as preadipocytes which lose the potential to differentiate to other types of cells such as chondrocytes, myocytes, and osteoblasts. (wikipedia.org)
In humans the generation of fat cells (adipocytes) is a major factor behind the growth of adipose tissue during childhood. (europa.eu)
Increased fat storage in fully differentiated adipocytes, resulting in enlarged fat cells, is well documented and thought to be the most important mechanism whereby fat depots increase in adults. (europa.eu)
PI3K signaling may also play a role in the maturation of fat cells (adipocytes). (medlineplus.gov)
TNF-α is produced, by cells of the immune system and by adipocytes. (lww.com)
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC) are the ideal source to study fat formation as they are the progenitors of adipocytes. (mdpi.com)

Adipocyte NR1D1 does not drive an anticipatory daily rhythm in WAT lipogenesis, but rather modulates WAT activity in response to alterations in metabolic state. (elifesciences.org)
Adipocytes can regulate adaptive immunity, which is involved with various metabolic diseases. (frontiersin.org)
Since there have been many reports on the regulation of metabolic diseases through adaptive immunity ( 9 - 11 ), we focus on how adipocytes regulate adaptive immunity in this review. (frontiersin.org)
Adipocyte dysfunction (AD) is cardinal feature of metabolic dysregulation and increases the risk for developing insulin resistance (IR), DM, and hypertension. (hhs.gov)
The proposed project will test the central hypothesis that age- and genetic ablation-mediated P311 levels play a key role in white, brown and beige adipocyte development, plasticity and function, as well as in metabolic regulation. (hhs.gov)
The current project will thereby establish P311 as a new player in adipocyte biology and metabolic regulation. (hhs.gov)
In summary, this powerful, hypothesis-free tool can identify novel regulators of adipogenesis, preadipocyte, and adipocyte function associated with metabolic disease.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Genomics efforts led to the identification of many genomic loci that are associated with metabolic traits, many of which are tied to adipose tissue function. (bvsalud.org)
These hormones regulate the body's growth, and are involved in cell to cell communication, control metabolic activity, sleep-wake homeostasis, and altered regulation or dysregulation of adaptive response in various physiologic and pathophysiologic states. (medscape.com)

Preadipocytes display CD45− CD31− CD34+ CD29+ SCA1+ CD24+ surface markers can proliferate and differentiate to adipocytes in vivo. (wikipedia.org)

Here we report that antidiabetic thiazolidinediones (TZDs) and other ligands for the nuclear receptor PPARγ dramatically upregulate oxidized LDL receptor 1 (OLR1) in adipocytes by facilitating the exchange of coactivators for corepressors on the OLR1 gene in cultured mouse adipocytes. (jci.org)
These data identify OLR1 as a novel PPARγ target gene in adipocytes. (jci.org)
The expression of PPARγ itself is sufficient to convert fibroblast into adipocytes in vitro. (wikipedia.org)
Moreover, PPARγ is also required to maintain the expression of genes that characterize the mature adipocyte. (wikipedia.org)
and by negative regulation of PPAR gamma. (lww.com)

and transcriptional pro1ling demonstrates that, under basal conditions, direct targets of NR1D1 regulation are limited, and include the circadian clock and collagen dynamics. (elifesciences.org)

TZDs markedly stimulate the uptake of oxidized LDL (oxLDL) into adipocytes, and this requires OLR1. (jci.org)

This network is upregulated in a lipodystrophic animal model, encoding a dominant negative transgene against C/EBP factors, suggesting that these animals carry hyper-adipogenic residual fat pads, which provide a niche for transplantation experiments for identifying possible adipocyte progenitors. (rockefeller.edu)

The decrease in electrophoretic mobility and activation of PKB induced by insulin was reversed both in vitro by treatment of the enzyme with alkaline phosphatase and in the intact adipocyte upon removal of insulin or addition of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase) inhibitor wortmannin. (lu.se)
To pursue further the regulation of LPL in vitro, primary cultures of isolated human adipocytes were prepared and exposed to glucose concentrations of 0-4.5 mg/ml. (diabetesjournals.org)

Not only do Adipocytes have energy storage and endocrine functions, but they also play an immunological role. (frontiersin.org)

The logic of this form of regulation explains many emerging roles of succinate in biology, and suggests future research questions. (nature.com)

However, adipocyte and macrophage numbers were increased in the Trib3KO mice. (bmj.com)

Stimulation of adipocytes with insulin, vanadate, or peroxovanadate caused decreased PKB mobility on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels, indicative of increased phosphorylation, which correlated with an increase in kinase activity detected with the peptide. (lu.se)
Stimulation of adipocytes with insulin, vanadate, or peroxovanadate caused decreased PKB mobility on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels, indicative of increased phosphorylation, which correlated with an increase in kinase activity detected with the peptide KKRNRTLTK. (lu.se)

If the capacity of the adipocyte to store lipids is exceeded, it can no longer regulate the release of FFAs into the circulation, which ultimately leads to the abnormal accumulation of lipid in nonadipose depots. (jci.org)

Stress Turns on the Heat: Regulation of Mitochondrial Biogenesis and UCP1 by ROS in Adipocytes. (utah.edu)

The adipocyte is the major site of fatty acid storage in the body and plays a critical role in maintaining normal glucose and lipid homeostasis. (jci.org)
Adipocytes play a vital role in energy homeostasis and process the largest energy reserve as triglycerol in the body of animals. (wikipedia.org)

Thus, glucose plays an important role in the regulation of LPL in isolated human adipocytes. (diabetesjournals.org)
Therefore, adipocytes play an important role in B cell-mediated adaptive immunity. (frontiersin.org)
Thus, we discuss the role of adipocytes in adaptive immunity in the context of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. (frontiersin.org)
PI3K's role in insulin activity may be related to the development of insulin resistance and diabetes, and problems with adipocyte maturation might contribute to lipoatrophy in affected individuals. (medlineplus.gov)
RESULTS: Local cis-acting regulation of MGP was correlated with fibrosis, suggesting a causal role in NASH, and this was validated using loss of function experiments in 2 models of diet-induced NASH. (bvsalud.org)

However, previous work by us showed no effect of physiologic insulin concentrations on LPL in isolated human adipocytes. (diabetesjournals.org)
Methods and Results We derived 27 328 chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing peaks for PPARgamma in human adipocytes through meta-analysis of 3 data sets. (usda.gov)

As studies are limited, resident macrophages could alter adipocyte function early in adipose tissue development, a novel mechanism requiring exploration. (hhs.gov)
WAT browning and BAT whitening) and its effect on adipocyte function and glycemic control, as P311 KO mice are hyperglycemic. (hhs.gov)
Our study uncovered a novel function of DRP1 in the regulation of lipid droplet, which has an impact on adipocyte function. (usda.gov)

Increased OLR1 expression, resulting either from TZD treatment or adenoviral gene delivery, significantly augments adipocyte cholesterol content and enhances fatty acid uptake. (jci.org)

Hertzel, AV & Bernlohr, DA 1998, ' Regulation of adipocyte gene expression by polyunsaturated fatty acids ', Molecular and cellular biochemistry , vol. 188, no. 1-2, pp. 33-39. (umn.edu)

We will develop adipocyte-specific P311 KO conditional mice using novel CRISPR technology to evaluate the adipocyte-specific P311 roles. (hhs.gov)

Hence, the adipocyte, as a major constituent of the mammary tumor stroma ( 3 ), is a likely contributor to tumor growth. (jci.org)

Anatomy32

Organisms16

Diseases16

Chemicals and Drugs130

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment19

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes50

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science3

Hypertrophy7

Differentiation16

Lipolysis6

Metabolism6

Insulin sensitivity3

Obesity10

Protein13

Mature adipocytes1

Adipogenesis and adipocyte1

Differentiate into adipocytes1

Glucose uptake2

Obese2

Progenitor cells2

Perilipin2

Peroxisome prolifer1

Regulates1

Leptin7

Cells15

Metabolic8

Vivo1

PPAR5

Transcriptional1

TZDs1

Progenitors1

Vitro2

Endocrine1

Biology1

Macrophage1

Phosphorylation2

Regulate1

UCP11

Homeostasis2

Role5

Human2

Function3

Fatty Acid1

Gene expression1

Mice1

Constituent1