• MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of short non-coding RNAs that primarily regulate protein synthesis through reversible translational repression or mRNA degradation. (uzh.ch)
  • MiRNAs can act by translational control of transcription factors or via direct action on the chromatin, and thereby contribute to the non-genetic control of gene-environment interactions. (uzh.ch)
  • MiRNAs that regulate components of pathways required for learning and memory further modulate the influence of epigenetics on cognition in the normal and diseased brain. (uzh.ch)
  • This review summarizes recent data exemplifying the known roles of miRNAs in memory formation in different model organisms, and describes how neuronal plasticity regulates miRNA biogenesis, activity and degradation. (uzh.ch)
  • We found 65 miRNAs regulated during in vitro adipogenesis in primary adipocytes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • When comparing primary adipocyte profiles, with those of cell lines reported in the literature, we found a high degree of difference in 'adipogenesis' regulated miRNAs suggesting that the model systems may not be accurately representing adipogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The expression of 10 adipogenesis-regulated miRNAs were studied using real-time qPCR and then we selected 5 miRNAs, that showed robust expression, were profiled in subcutaneous adipose tissue obtained from 20 humans with a range of body mass indices (BMI, range = 21-48, and all samples have U133+2 Affymetrix profiles provided). (biomedcentral.com)
  • In conclusion, we provide a preliminary analysis of miRNAs associated with primary cell in vitro adipogenesis and demonstrate that the inflammation-associated miRNA, mir-21 is up-regulated in subcutaneous adipose tissue in human obesity. (biomedcentral.com)
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are well-recognized for their abilities to regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally in plants and animals. (frontiersin.org)
  • The expressions of candidate miRNAs and mRNAs were determined by real-time quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR) in MC3T3-E1 cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • In addition, circRNAs can regulate gene expression at transcriptional or post-transcriptional levels by titrating microRNAs (miRNAs), regulating transcription and interfering with splicing [ 13 , 14 ]. (ijbs.com)
  • Previously, it has been demonstrated that certain transcriptional targets of SOX4 are associated with cancer development and progression and the processing of microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) ( 12 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • miRNAs are small non-coding RNAs (~22 nucleotides in length) that regulate the expression of their target genes by translational repression or mRNA degradation ( 13 , 14 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • To understand the molecular mechanism of SOX4 in breast cancer development and progression, the present study aimed to identify miRNAs that regulate the expression of SOX4, which revealed miR-320 as a potential candidate. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are associated with cytogenetics and molecular subtypes of acute myelogeneous leukemia (AML), but their impact on AML pathogenesis is poorly understood. (ashpublications.org)
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a kind of small noncoding RNAs that regulate the expression of protein through targeting the 3′UTR of messenger RNA (mRNA), resulting in mRNA degradation or suppression of translation [ 5 ]. (degruyter.com)
  • Mapping all miRNAs to the tammar genome and comparing target genes among tammar, mouse and human, we identified 163 conserved target genes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The first class of small RNAs identified were the micro RNAs (miRNAs), which are small (~22 nt) non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression by base pairing to mRNAs where they direct either mRNA cleavage or repress translation [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Following a complex process of miRNA transcription, processing, and nuclear export, miRNAs are further processed by the RNaseIII enzyme, Dicer, and its cofactor TRBP. (biomedcentral.com)
  • MiRNAs bind the 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) of target mRNAs. (ukessays.com)
  • 1) The alternation of protein levels of critical oncogenes or tumour suppressor genes, which causes by miRNAs deregulation may also lead to proliferative diseases such as cancer. (ukessays.com)
  • Approximately 30-60 % of the human genome, regulated by miRNAs. (ukessays.com)
  • Besides cancer, some miRNAs genes cause or contribute in many inherited and genetic based diseases. (ukessays.com)
  • As miRNAs proposed to control the expression up to one third of all genes and possibly utilised as diagnostic and prognostic marker for many genetic based diseases. (ukessays.com)
  • MicroRNAs (MiRNAs) are brief non-coding RNAs (182 nt), which inhibit gene expression. (signsin1dayinc.com)
  • Mature miRNAs are generated by the RNase III enzymes Drosha and Dicer, then incorporate into the RNA-induced silencing intricate (RISC), and eventually bind to the 39-untranslated location (39-UTR) of their target gene mRNAs, inhibiting their expression[1,2]. (signsin1dayinc.com)
  • MiRNAs have a range of physiological and pathological capabilities, such as regulate of tumorigenesis[10,11,12]. (signsin1dayinc.com)
  • The transcription element most commonly mutated in cancer, p53, regulates a set of miRNAs. (signsin1dayinc.com)
  • These miRNAs which targeted β -catenin mRNA were confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter system and RNA-pulldown. (hindawi.com)
  • In most cases, circRNAs usually act as a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) that can absorb miRNAs to regulate the expression of targeted genes [ 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • DEFB1 expression after transfection with two micro RNAs (miRNAs), hsa-miR-186-5p and hsa-miR-340-5p, provided evidence that DEFB1 expression could be modulated by these miRNAs and hsa-miR-186-5p had a higher binding efficiency with DEFB1. (cdc.gov)
  • Simple Summary: This study identified a set of 73 microRNAs (miRNAs) that can accurately detect lung cancer tumors from normal lung tissues. (cdc.gov)
  • From the list of genes that were targeted by the 73 diagnostic miRNAs, DGKE and WDR47 had significant associations with responses to both systemic therapies and radiotherapy in lung cancer. (cdc.gov)
  • This study identified a set of 73 microRNAs (miRNAs) that classified lung cancer tumors from normal lung tissues with an overall accuracy of 96.3% in the training patient cohort (n = 109) and 91.7% in unsupervised classification and 92.3% in supervised classification in the validation set (n = 375). (cdc.gov)
  • Experimentally confirmed target genes were identified for the 73 diagnostic miRNAs, from which proliferation genes were selected from CRISPR-Cas9/RNA interference (RNAi) screening assays. (cdc.gov)
  • that asthma is intensively regulated by a variety of microRNAs (miRNAs). (cdc.gov)
  • MiRNAs are approximately 19- to 25-nucleotide estimated about 250,000 and mortality does not appear single-stranded, noncoding RNAs that exist in both to correlate well with prevalence. (cdc.gov)
  • As binding of miRNAs to a target mRNA may result in an airway inflammatory disease closely correlates with either mRNA degradation or inhibition of protein immune regulation, more and more evidences suggest translation.1 More than 2000 miRNAs have been discovered in humans. (cdc.gov)
  • Th)1 cells.5 Meanwhile, the function and immunity of with genetic predisposition, involving multiple cells, DCs are closely regulated by miRNAs. (cdc.gov)
  • The miRNA-mRNA interactions were verified by dual-luciferase reporter gene assays and experiments using mimics miRNA or their inhibitors. (frontiersin.org)
  • The maternal-to-zygotic transition is a conserved developmental progression during which thousands of maternal mRNAs are cleared by post-transcriptional mechanisms. (scentoferos.com)
  • In this review, we focus on the impact of ncRNA post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms, especially those of microRNAs and lncRNAs, in RA signalling pathways during differentiation and disease. (mdpi.com)
  • Small RNAs play important roles in many aspects of pre- and post-transcriptional gene regulation, epigenetic modifications, chromosome segregation and genome structure. (biomedcentral.com)
  • MicroRNAs are ~22 nucleotide long RNA molecules that provide substrate specificity to a protein complex known as the RNA-induced silencing complex. (sciencedaily.com)
  • MicroRNAs are small evolutionarily conserved nucleotide sequences that regulate gene expression after transcription, by mRNA degradation or inhibition of translation. (ccij-online.org)
  • MicroRNAs are ~22-25 nucleotide non-coding RNAs. (ukessays.com)
  • Research reported in The Plant Cell shows that microRNAs control the accumulation of transcription factor proteins that regulate the expression of genes in the auxin response pathway. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules are encoded by genes and are themselves templates for the proteins that carry the main metabolic functions in a cell. (sciencedaily.com)
  • There are many AGO1-like proteins in animals and other eukaryotes as well, indicating that the RNA-induced silencing complex is of ancient evolutionary origin, and that microRNA-mediated regulation of gene expression is shared among many eukaryotes. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Thus, stress response studies during these growth stages reveal novel differentially regulated genes or proteins with important functions in plant stress adaptation. (intechopen.com)
  • These RNA molecules are transcribed from the genome but do not encode proteins, and they have diverse roles in plant growth, development, stress responses, and other biological processes. (mdpi.com)
  • In addition, after transcription, a wide array of RNA-binding proteins interacts with cis -acting elements located mainly in the 3' untranslated region, determining the fate of mRNAs in eukaryotic cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • In contrast to messenger RNAs (mRNA), they are not translated into proteins. (sciencedaily.com)
  • This modification of the microRNA expression profile is essential to the inhibition of the expression of transcription factors (proteins that activate or inhibit gene expression) that have a repressive effect on GnRH expression. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The Dl and Twist proteins appear to make synergistic contact with the basal transcription complex, so that snail is activated throughout the presumptive mesoderm in response to both peak and high levels of the Dl gradient. (sdbonline.org)
  • Six of the nine differentially expressed microRNAs target genes in the extended network, including CLSPN , an important checkpoint regulator in the cell cycle that was down-regulated, and FZD5 , a receptor for Wnt proteins that was up-regulated. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The multifunctional regulator nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) is considered not only as a cytoprotective factor regulating the expression of genes coding for anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and detoxifying proteins, but it is also a powerful modulator of species longevity. (springer.com)
  • The major characteristics of Nrf2 are to some extent mimicked by Nrf2-dependent genes and their proteins including heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), which besides removing toxic heme, produces biliverdin, iron ions and carbon monoxide. (springer.com)
  • Like Rb protein, many of the proteins encoded by tumor suppressor genes act at specific points in the cell cycle. (medscape.com)
  • Identification of miRNA-regulated targeting genes is important for understanding their specific biological functions [ 11 ]. (degruyter.com)
  • An additional nine genes were identified in tammar that do not have an orthologous miRNA target in human and likely represent novel miRNA-regulated genes in the tammar. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Based on our identified miRNA-regulated network, we discovered three drugsBX-912, daunorubicin, and midostaurinthat can be repositioned to treat lung cancer, which was not known before. (cdc.gov)
  • Based on our identified miRNA-regulated molecular machinery, an inhibitor of PDK1/Akt BX-912, an anthracycline antibiotic daunorubicin, and a multi-targeted protein kinase inhibitor midostaurin were discovered as potential repositioning drugs for treating lung cancer. (cdc.gov)
  • In the present study, we analyzed prognosis model, immunocyte infiltration characterization, and competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network of GBM on the basis of pyroptosis-related genes (PRGs). (researchsquare.com)
  • Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a large group of endogenous non-coding RNAs which are key members of gene regulatory processes. (ijbs.com)
  • Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of endogenous non-coding RNAs with a covalently closed continuous loop that lacks 5'-3' polarity structure. (ijbs.com)
  • While components of the transcriptional program that initiates adipogenesis is well-known, the importance of microRNAs in adipogenesis is less well studied. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Maturation of BAT and WAT follow a similar adipogenic transcriptional program, albeit several genes show cell type-dependent expression. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Transcription factors (TFs) are critical for B-cell differentiation, affecting gene expression both by repres- sion and transcriptional activation. (lu.se)
  • 4] MicroRNAs are involved in many transformative biological processes such as proliferation, development, metabolism, apoptosis,[5] stem cell differentiation, and disease development. (ccij-online.org)
  • The encoded protein plays a role in many cellular processes including cell cycle progression, DNA repair and apoptosis by regulating the activity of protein phosphatase 1. (nih.gov)
  • A significant enrichment for apoptosis genes, including MCL-1 , was found among the mRNAs inversely correlated with miR-29b expression in 45 primary AML samples. (ashpublications.org)
  • Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathway is a multifunctional cytokine and plays important roles in regulating cell proliferation, cell cycle, differentiation, migration, and apoptosis in a broad spectrum of tissues [ 12 ]. (degruyter.com)
  • β -Catenin is a transcription factor that plays an important role in cell proliferation, cellular differentiation, apoptosis, and metastasis [ 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • The TP53 gene is also capable of stimulating apoptosis of cells containing damaged DNA. (medscape.com)
  • TP53 activates the expression of genes involved in apoptosis, cell cycle regulation (p21), and MDM2. (medscape.com)
  • This kinase, as well as CDK4, has been shown to phosphorylate, and thus regulate the activity of, tumor suppressor protein Rb. (cancerindex.org)
  • In addition, these alterations affect 3 principal categories of genes, as follows: proto-oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, and DNA repair genes. (medscape.com)
  • This article briefly discusses tumor suppressor genes and then focuses on the role of proto-oncogenes in childhood cancer. (medscape.com)
  • Inactivation of tumor suppressor genes, whose products normally provide negative control of cell proliferation, contributes to malignant transformation in various cell types. (medscape.com)
  • [ 1 ] His prediction was subsequently supported by the cloning of the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor gene ( RB1 ) and by functional studies of the retinoblastoma protein, Rb. (medscape.com)
  • Another important class of tumor suppressor genes involved in cell cycle control and in the generation of human cancers is the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors. (medscape.com)
  • Adipose tissue abundance relies partly on the factors that regulate adipogenesis, i.e. proliferation and differentiation of adipocytes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It has been suggested that adipogenesis is regulated by PPARβ/δ followed by PPARγ and C/EBPα promoting differentiation into mature adipocytes [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Recently, miRNA-messenger RNA (mRNA) regulatory relationships have been confirmed during biological processes, including osteogenic differentiation. (frontiersin.org)
  • This study aimed to find out more candidate miRNA-mRNA pairs involved in the osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • An MC3T3-E1-based microarray dataset (accessioned as GSE46400) downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus included MC3T3-E1 cells with or without 14-day osteoblast differentiation osteoblast induction. (frontiersin.org)
  • There were 7 overlapped miRNA-mRNA pairs identified during osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells, including mmu-miR-204-5p-Arhgap11a, mmu-miR-211-5p-Arhgap11a, mmu-miR-24-3p-H2afx, mmu-miR-3470b-Chek2, mmu-miR-3470b-Dlgap5, mmu-miR-466b-3p-Chek1, and mmu-miR-466c-3p-Chek1. (frontiersin.org)
  • The Arhgap11a, H2afx, Chek2, Dlgap5, and Chek1 were hub genes downregulated in MC3T3-E1 cells after osteogenic differentiation, verified by RT-qPCR results. (frontiersin.org)
  • Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin (OCN), osteopontin (OPN), and runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) are commonly used to evaluate differentiation and maturation of osteoblasts. (frontiersin.org)
  • Runx2 belongs to the Run family and is an essential upstream transcription factor during osteoblast differentiation. (frontiersin.org)
  • Osterix (OSX) is a transcription factor in the SP family, which is essential for osteoblast differentiation, and its expression is closely related to Runx2 ( 9 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • The SRY-box 4 (SOX4) gene, which is located on chromosome 6p22.3, encodes a 47-kDa protein that is a member of the sex-determining region Y-related high-mobility group-box transcription factor family and has functions in embryonic development and cell differentiation ( 3 , 4 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Mesectoderm differentiation is controlled by the bHLH-PAS gene, sim . (sdbonline.org)
  • the smaller Y chromosome carries genes that initiate male sex differentiation, as well as a few other genes. (msdmanuals.com)
  • MicroRNAs not only participate in determining DCs phenotype and then naive T lymphocyte differentiation, but also participate in the regulation of airway inflammation and airway remodeling in asthma. (cdc.gov)
  • Although some maternal mRNAs are targeted for degradation by microRNAs, this pathway does not fully explain mRNA clearance. (scentoferos.com)
  • PKM2, a miR-138 target gene, enhances the metastatic potential of TSCC through the SOD2-H 2 O 2 pathway. (oncotarget.com)
  • Dorsoventral (DV) patterning of the Drosophila embryo is initiated by a broad Dorsal (Dl) nuclear gradient, which is regulated by a conserved signaling pathway that includes the Toll receptor and Pelle kinase. (sdbonline.org)
  • The changes in the G1-to-S cell cycle pathway showed that 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 down-regulates the genes influencing the G1-to-S phase transition. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The present study demonstrates how pathway analysis can be combined with network analysis to perform an integrated analysis of transcriptomics and microRNA-omics data. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In the present study, we will combine pathway- and network-based methods to decipher the regulatory action of 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 in prostate cancer cells on mRNA and microRNA level. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In addition, Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) integrated with PCR array data showed that the JAK1/STAT3 pathway was significantly altered in cells overexpressing DEFB1, suggesting this to be one of the pathways by which defensin regulates IAV replication in HBEpCs. (cdc.gov)
  • CircRNAs are newly discovered noncoding RNAs formed through the alternative splicing of premessenger RNA (mRNA). (hindawi.com)
  • Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been identified as important regulators of gene expression in plants. (mdpi.com)
  • Yesterday evening I attended an excellent presentation by Nikolaus Rajewksy about microRNAs, small noncoding RNAs that are thought to have a role in posttranscriptional regulation. (wjst.de)
  • Noncoding RNAs, including circRNAs, microRNAs, and lncRNAs, have become a significant focus of research attention due to their crucial role in regulating the progression of multiple malignancies [ 5 ], including bladder cancer, gastric cancer, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and pancreatic cancer. (hindawi.com)
  • The binding of miRNA- protein complexes to mRNA causes translation inhibition or destabilisation of target transcripts. (ukessays.com)
  • MicroRNAs are tiny ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecules (~22 nucleotides long) that recently have been found to play important roles in regulating gene expression in eukaryotic organisms, including plants and animals. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The results of the present study indicate that microRNAs play important roles in regulating asthma immune responses. (cdc.gov)
  • The study of lncRNAs in plants is a relatively new area of research, but it has already revealed several important insights into their roles in gene regulation. (mdpi.com)
  • What pathways are this gene/protein implicaed in? (cancerindex.org)
  • Skeletal muscle regeneration is regulated by coordinated activation of multiple signaling pathways. (elifesciences.org)
  • The more general pathways were merged into one network and then extended with known protein-protein and transcription factor-gene interactions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The mRNA levels in a cell are fine tuned by different mechanisms, one of which is driven by microRNA molecules. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Within the complex, microRNAs are thought to bind to mRNA molecules containing a complementary stretch of RNA sequence. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Promising regulatory molecules in this respect are small non-coding RNAs, like microRNAs, which regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Small RNAs have proven to be essential regulatory molecules encoded within eukaryotic genomes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a form of noncoding and closed loop RNA molecules and play vital roles in the progression of various types of cancer in humans. (hindawi.com)
  • mRNAs corresponding to several regulatory genes that mediate auxin responses contain short stretches of sequence that are complementary to microRNAs, and therefore have been considered potential targets of microRNA-mediated regulation. (sciencedaily.com)
  • High-throughput RNA sequencing and bioinformatics analysis have led to the identification of several novel circRNAs that exhibit biological characteristics and regulatory functions [ 6 , 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • A central process in evolution is the recruitment of genes to regulatory networks. (scentoferos.com)
  • We engineered immotile strains of the bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens that lack flagella due to deletion of the regulatory gene fleQ. (scentoferos.com)
  • Multiple miRNA-mRNA prediction databases were searched by differentially expressed genes (DEGs) to obtain pairs of a miRNA-DEG regulatory network. (frontiersin.org)
  • A ceRNA network was constructed with Starbase, mirtarbase, and lncbase, and the mechanism of this regulatory axis was explored using Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). (researchsquare.com)
  • The 3' regulatory regions have a great diversity of cis -regulatory elements directly involved in polyadenylation, stability, transport and mRNA translation, essential to achieve the desired levels of gene expression. (frontiersin.org)
  • Although a small number of 3' regulatory regions have been identified and validated so far, many studies have shown that plant 3' regulatory regions have a higher potential to regulate gene expression in plants compared to widely used 3' regulatory regions, such as NOS and OCS from Agrobacterium tumefaciens and 35S from cauliflower mosaic virus. (frontiersin.org)
  • In this review, we discuss the role of 3' regulatory regions in gene expression, and the superior potential that plant 3' regulatory regions have compared to NOS, OCS and 35S 3' regulatory regions. (frontiersin.org)
  • Integrating the effects of nutritional compounds at the gene expression level with information about the regulatory level can shed a new light on their action mechanism. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in AD were screened in GSE48350 dataset. (nature.com)
  • Exosomes secreted by the umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells (UMSCs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs) derived from exosomes have been shown to be associated with the progression of GDM-related complications. (hindawi.com)
  • Studies report that circular RNAs (circRNAs) derived from exosomes may play a key role in GDM development. (hindawi.com)
  • In addition, a ceRNA network of messenger RNA (CASP3, TP63)-microRNA (hsa-miR-519c-5p)-long noncoding RNA (GABPB1-AS1) was established. (researchsquare.com)
  • One of these targets is the transcription factor AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR17 (ARF17), which is thought to repress the expression of a number of other genes involved in auxin responses. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Investigation of hub genes for the development of potential therapeutic targets and candidate biomarkers is warranted. (nature.com)
  • Adding microRNA regulation to the network enabled the identification of gene targets of significantly expressed microRNAs after 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 treatment. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This study encompasses the first analyses of the major classes of small RNAs for the newly completed tammar genome, validates preliminary annotations using deep sequencing and computational approaches, and provides a foundation for future work on tammar-specific as well as conserved, but previously unknown small RNA progenitors and targets identified herein. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Furthermore, microRNAs are also shown to be targets for asthma therapy in the future. (cdc.gov)
  • However, no study has been conducted on LOX gene identification at the whole genome scale in rose (Rosa chinensis). (bvsalud.org)
  • In the last 30 years, the discovery of mutations in various parts of the genome in patients with disorders of puberty has made it possible to identify some genes involved in this process. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Because of this, microRNAs are not part of the "coding genome," but constitute what some people call the epigenome. (sciencedaily.com)
  • In terms of diagnosis, the study carried out by Vincent Prévot's team in Lille shows the interest of analysing DNA segments from which microRNAs are transcribed, as well as the genome segments that encode their binding sites on the target genes. (sciencedaily.com)
  • These short RNAs participate in a diverse array of cellular processes including gene regulation, chromatin dynamics and genome defense. (biomedcentral.com)
  • As part of the genome sequencing initiative for the tammar, we have explored the evolution of each of the major classes of mammalian small RNAs in an Australian marsupial for the first time, including the first genome-scale analysis of the newest class of small RNAs, centromere repeat associated short interacting RNAs (crasiRNAs). (biomedcentral.com)
  • We examined each of these small RNA classes with respect to the newly assembled tammar wallaby genome for gene and repeat features, salient features that define their canonical sequences, and the constitution of both highly conserved and species-specific members. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The plants showed increased accumulation of ARF17 mRNA and altered levels of mRNAs corresponding to several genes that may be regulated by ARF17. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Although carcinogenic roles for the INK4B, INK4C, INK4D, CIP1, KIP1, and KIP2 genes appear to be limited, INK4A is among the most commonly mutated genes in human tumors. (medscape.com)
  • This gene lies within the major histocompatibility complex class I region on chromosome 6, and alternatively spliced transcript variants have been observed for this gene. (nih.gov)
  • Using a combination of miRNA hairpin predictions and co-mapping with miRBase entries, we identified a highly conserved cluster of miRNA genes on the X chromosome in the tammar and a total of 94 other predicted miRNA producing genes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The characterization of new miRNA target genes and a unique profile for crasiRNAs has allowed for insight into multiple RNA mediated processes in the tammar, including gene regulation, species incompatibilities, centromere and chromosome function. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Twenty-two of the pairs, chromosome numbers 1 to 22, the autosomes, are normally homologous (identical in size, shape, and position and number of genes). (msdmanuals.com)
  • The genes that occupy the same locus on each chromosome of a pair (one inherited from the mother and one from the father) are called alleles. (msdmanuals.com)
  • A chromosome contains many genes. (msdmanuals.com)
  • For example, the TP53 gene, located on chromosome 17, encodes a 53-kd nuclear protein that functions as a cell cycle checkpoint. (medscape.com)
  • CircRNAs play a critical role in biological processes including transcription, mRNA splicing, RNA decay and translation [ 15 ]. (ijbs.com)
  • BACKGROUND: Human hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-like 2 (HSDL2), which regulates cancer progression, is involved in lipid metabolism. (bvsalud.org)
  • However, the role of HSDL2 in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) and the mechanism by which it regulates CCA progression by modulating ferroptosis are unclear. (bvsalud.org)
  • Dysregulation of microRNAs (miRs) can contribute to cancer development and progression. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Phosphatase 1 Nuclear Targeting Subunit (PNUTS) Regulates Aurora Kinases and Mitotic Progression. (nih.gov)
  • A regulated PNUTS mRNA to lncRNA splice switch mediates EMT and tumour progression. (nih.gov)
  • The CDK4-cyclinD complex normally phosphorylates the retinoblastoma protein (Rb protein), leading to release of the E2F transcription factor and cell cycle progression. (medscape.com)
  • One of the earliest discoveries was the identification of COOLAIR, an lncRNA that regulates the flowering time gene FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) in Arabidopsis thaliana. (mdpi.com)
  • The RcLOX genes were spread among all seven chromosomes, with unbalanced distributions, and several tandem and proximal duplication events were found among RcLOX members. (bvsalud.org)
  • Genes are contained in chromosomes in the cell nucleus and mitochondria. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The 23rd pair, the sex chromosomes (X and Y), determines a person's sex as well as containing other functional genes. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Genes are arranged linearly along the DNA of chromosomes. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Each gene has a specific location (locus), which is typically the same on each of the 2 homologous chromosomes. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Some genes occur in multiple copies that may be next to each other or in different locations in the same or different chromosomes. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The differentially expressed oxidative stress genes (DEOSGs) were analyzed by intersection of DEGs and oxidative stress-related genes. (nature.com)
  • A total of 1160 DEGs (259 up-regulated and 901 down-regulated) were screened in GSE48350. (nature.com)
  • MYC dephosphorylation by the PP1/PNUTS phosphatase complex regulates chromatin binding and protein stability. (nih.gov)
  • Thus, the ribosome interprets two codes within the mRNA: the genetic code which specifies the amino acid sequence and a conserved "codon optimality code" that shapes mRNA stability and translation efficiency across vertebrates. (scentoferos.com)
  • control the stability and translation of protein-coding mRNAs. (ukessays.com)
  • 2011 ) clearly showed that 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 can modulate gene and microRNA profiles in LCNaP cells and affects processes involved in cell cycle arrest, calcium ion homoeostasis and phosphoinositide-mediated signalling. (biomedcentral.com)
  • As a transcription factor whose expression is increased by DNA damage, p53 blocks cell division at the G1 phase of the cell cycle to allow DNA repair. (medscape.com)
  • Our study identified 9 key genes associated with oxidative stress and immune reaction in AD pathogenesis. (nature.com)
  • Oxidative stress is involved in the modulation of gene expression patterns and metabolic activities, characterized by the disruption of redox homeostasis 7 . (nature.com)
  • Altered expression of this gene has been observed in multiple human cancers. (cancerindex.org)
  • A different transcription issue connected to most cancers, c-myc, regulates a separate set of miRNA. (signsin1dayinc.com)
  • Dr. Bonnie Bartel at Rice University in Houston, TX together with Drs. David Bartel and Allison Mallory at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research in Cambridge, MA report experiments using transgenic Arabidopsis plants that produce a version of ARF17 mRNA that resists microRNA-mediated cleavage. (sciencedaily.com)
  • A complex interaction between the cleavage and polyadenylation molecular complex and cis -elements determine the polyadenylation site, which may result in the choice of non-canonical sites, resulting in alternative polyadenylation events, involved in the regulation of more than 80% of the genes expressed in plants. (frontiersin.org)
  • The complex then cleaves the mRNA into smaller pieces, thereby preventing translation of the protein it encodes, and thus inhibiting or "silencing" gene expression. (sciencedaily.com)
  • This gene encodes a protein phosphatase 1 binding protein. (nih.gov)
  • Dual-luciferase reporter gene assays demonstrated Arhgap11a as the target of miR-211-5p. (frontiersin.org)
  • The binding sites of miR-128-3p and TGFBR2 were predicted by Targetscan online software and confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay. (degruyter.com)
  • It regulates Sp7 protein expression and induces expression of major bone matrix protein genes, such as Col1a1, Spp1, Ibsp, Bglap2, and Fn1 ( 7 , 8 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Research conducted in mice by Vincent Prévot's team shows that birth induces a radical change in the expression of microRNAs in the hypothalamic GnRH neurons. (sciencedaily.com)
  • CircRNAs are more resistant to degradation compared with mRNAs and exhibit high biological stability because of the complete circular covalently linked structure [ 7 , 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Previous findings indicate that circRNAs mainly function as microRNA (miRNA) sponges to regulate the transcription and posttranscription of miRNA-targeted genes. (hindawi.com)
  • The type I target gene folded gastrulation is activated only in response to peak levels of the Dl gradient, so that expression is restricted to a subdomain of the presumptive mesoderm. (sdbonline.org)
  • The type II target gene snail contains a series of low-affinity Dl-binding sites, as well as binding sites for the bHLH activator, Twist. (sdbonline.org)
  • The type IV target gene rhomboid is expressed in lateral stripes that encompass the ventral half of the presumptive neuroectoderm. (sdbonline.org)
  • The zerknullt target gene is repressed by high and low levels of the gradient, so that expression is restricted to the presumptive dorsal ectoderm. (sdbonline.org)
  • The mature miRNA is then loaded onto an Argonaute protein (Ago2 in humans) where it then interacts with and regulates the mRNA target. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The diagnostic value of hub genes was assessed by receiver operating characteristic analysis and validated in GSE1297. (nature.com)
  • The mRNA expression of diagnostic genes was determined by qRT-PCR analysis. (nature.com)
  • Finally, we constructed the drug, transcription factors (TFs), and microRNA network of the diagnostic genes. (nature.com)
  • The discovery of the involvement of microRNAs opens up considerable prospects for the medical management of these patients, from both a diagnostic and therapeutic point of view. (sciencedaily.com)
  • In the last decade, diagnostic and prognostic evaluation has been facilitated by global gene expression profiling (GEP), provid- ing a new powerful means for the classification, prediction of survival, and response to treatment of lym- phomas. (lu.se)
  • The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the CMGC family of serine/threonine protein kinases. (cancerindex.org)
  • 1) This is resulting in the downregulation of the protein encoded by mRNA. (ukessays.com)
  • These stripes are regulated by a 300-bp enhancer (NEE) that contains high-affinity Dl-binding sites, Twist-binding sites, and "generic" E-box sequences that appear to bind ubiquitously distributed bHLH activators (Daughterless and Scute), which are present in the unfertilized egg. (sdbonline.org)
  • How Reliable Are Gene Expression-Based and Immunohistochemical Biomarkers Assessed on a Core-Needle Biopsy? (lu.se)
  • MicroRNAs participate in the regulation of asthma, the goal of this study is to summarize recent researches on the roles of microRNAs in the pathogenesis of asthma. (cdc.gov)
  • Although more and animals and plants and regulate gene/protein expression more progressions have been made about the through direct complementarity between their 5' region pathogenesis of asthma in recent years, the increasing and the 3' untranslated region of target mRNAs. (cdc.gov)
  • PKM2 is encoded by the PKM gene and is expressed in embryonic cells, adult stem cells, and cancer cells [ 3 ]. (oncotarget.com)
  • The results of a reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis demonstrated that miR‑320 was frequently downregulated in breast cancer tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • In this study, we performed an integrative network-based analysis using a publicly available data set studying the role of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 (1,25(OH) 2 D 3 ) in prostate cancer cells on mRNA and microRNA level. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Moreover, after 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 treatment the gene expression in several cancer-related processes was down-regulated. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The extendable network-based tools PathVisio and Cytoscape enable straightforward, in-depth and integrative analysis of mRNA and microRNA expression data in 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 -treated cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These 12 genes are located at a region, which is frequently deleted in cancer. (ukessays.com)
  • However, compared to the other forms of noncoding RNA, we know very little about the precise role of circRNA in cancer. (hindawi.com)