• It preferentially binds to poly(U) RNA oligomers and may regulate the translation of stored mRNAs during spermiogenesis. (nih.gov)
  • When the lac repressor binds lactose, it changes to an inactive conformation that cannot repress the production of these enzymes. (proteopedia.org)
  • In addition, the expression of these fusions are no longer cell-cycle regulated, as well as GroEL synthesis in a strain which does not have the HrcA protein, the putative repressor that binds CIRCE, indicating that the CIRCE-HrcA system are involved in cell cycle regulation of groESL in C. crescentus. (usp.br)
  • The receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein is a candidate vaccine antigen that binds angiotensin-converting enzyme 2(ACE2), leading to virus entry. (cdc.gov)
  • Role of CtBP transcriptional repressors in cancer cell proliferation and survival In common with p53, CtBP1 and CtBP2 proteins were discovered through their physical association with a viral oncoprotein. (southampton.ac.uk)
  • Fisher theorizes that copper uptake is regulated by copper-dependent transcriptional repressors and the proteins under their control. (lehigh.edu)
  • We have also developed interests in other pathways which regulate gene transcription and cancer cell proliferation in response to stress and changes in cell metabolism. (southampton.ac.uk)
  • CtBP activity is modified by UV radiation and glycolytic metabolism, suggesting that CtBPs regulate cell survival in response to cellular stress. (southampton.ac.uk)
  • The lactose ("lac") repressor controls the expression of bacterial enzymes involved in the metabolism of of the sugar lactose. (proteopedia.org)
  • REV-ERB is central to lipid and glucose metabolism, by directly regulating them. (thecni.org)
  • It functions as a translational repressor that governs the synthesis of the AMPA receptor GluR2 through binding GluR2 mRNA. (nih.gov)
  • A particular interest of our work has been how HDM2 and HDMX protein synthesis is controlled in response to cell-signalling pathways in different cell types, and how this affects p53 function in these cells. (southampton.ac.uk)
  • DPR and NFJS are considered to be allelic disorders, attributable to mutations on the nonhelical (E1/V1) head domain in the KRT14 gene, with consequent premature termination of protein synthesis. (medscape.com)
  • Protein synthesis is effectively blocked in the presence of high levels of lac repressor and the stability of cytotoxic constructs is enhanced. (qiagen.com)
  • The phosphorylated enzyme catalyzes the phosphorylation of the alpha subunit of EUKARYOTIC INITIATION FACTOR-2, leading to the inhibition of protein synthesis. (bvsalud.org)
  • In Brachypodium distachyon, the BdCathB gene that encodes a Cathepsin B-like thiol-protease, orthologous to the wheat Al21 and barley HvCathB, is highly induced in germinating seeds and its expression is regulated by transcription factors (TFs) encoded by genes BdGa-myb and BdDof24, orthologous to the barley HvGamyb and BPBF-HvDof24, respectively. (upm.es)
  • It is assumed that the Id helix-loop-helix (HLH) proteins act by associating with ubiquitously expressed basic HLH (bHLH) transcription factors, such as E47 and E2-2, which prevents these factors from forming functional hetero- or homodimeric DNA binding complexes. (lu.se)
  • Recent literature indicates that the key factors and pathways that regulate valve development are also implicated in congenital heart defects and valve disease. (springer.com)
  • We hypothesized that FO might regulate related genes in apoptosis and PI3K-AKT pathways to mediate the proliferation and apoptosis of liver cancer cells. (hindawi.com)
  • All of the proteins and pathways that we're studying are used by this species, even though versions of them are also employed by many other bacterial species as well. (lehigh.edu)
  • CPEB-3 is a sequence-specific translational regulatory protein that regulates translation in a polyadenylation-independent manner. (nih.gov)
  • RGA and GAI belong to the DELLA subfamily within the GRAS family of plant regulatory proteins. (nih.gov)
  • Among them a promoter, exons, introns, and regulatory elements, which together help to determine protein expression in a cell. (jove.com)
  • Repressor proteins are coded for by regulatory genes. (proteopedia.org)
  • The lac repressor, and the group of genes it controls, which is called an operon , were the first such gene regulatory system to be discovered. (proteopedia.org)
  • Genomic DNA contains both structural gene s, which encode products that serve as cellular structures or enzymes, and regulatory gene s, which encode products that regulate gene expression. (pressbooks.pub)
  • This new grant will fund Fisher's lab to pursue two primary research directions to shed light on bacterial biochemistry: investigating how these organisms regulate uptake of the essential trace element copper and how different members of a family of bacterial enzymes each catalyze distinct chemical reactions. (lehigh.edu)
  • She and her team are honing in on studying the structures of some of these proteins and how they interact with copper ions to learn more about how they function within bacterial cells. (lehigh.edu)
  • Preliminary studies can be carried out in bacterial expression systems, using the strong T5 promoter, which is recognized by E. coli polymerase, and allows efficient expression of proteins in any E. coli strain. (qiagen.com)
  • A similar gene in mice has been shown to act as a testis-specific transcriptional repressor by recruiting histone deacetylase enzymes to regulate spatiotemporal expression of many haploid genes. (nih.gov)
  • The F-box protein CORONATINE INSENSITIVE 1 (COI1) mediates jasmonate signalling by promoting hormone-dependent ubiquitylation and degradation of transcriptional repressor JAZ proteins. (nature.com)
  • We showed that RGL2 protein in imbibed seeds is rapidly degraded by GA treatment and that the F-box protein SLY1 is required for RGL2 degradation to occur. (nih.gov)
  • Scholars@Duke publication: Protein phosphatase 1 regulates assembly and function of the beta-catenin degradation complex. (duke.edu)
  • During growth, genes associated with protein ubiquitination/deubiquitination, cell cycle progression, and proteasomal degradation were affected, while genes linked to protein and carbohydrate catabolism were affected during early development. (frontiersin.org)
  • Based on these findings, we propose that ketogenesis is an undesirable metabolic characteristic of the proliferating cell, which is down-regulated through c-Myc-mediated repression of the key metabolic gene HMGCS2 . (aacrjournals.org)
  • QIA express pQE vectors combine a powerful phage T5 promoter (recognized by E. coli RNA polymerase) with a double lac operator repression module to provide tightly regulated, high-level expression of recombinant proteins in E. coli . (qiagen.com)
  • Once processed by the liver, SR9011 works in the same way as Sr9009, by increasing the constitutive repression of genes regulated by Rev-ErbA and Rev-ErbAB (Beta). (thecni.org)
  • Other genes regulated by DtxR include those that encode proteins involved in siderophore-mediated iron uptake. (rcsb.org)
  • Dispersed between the chromosomes are over 20,000 genes, sometimes separated by vast stretches of non-coding DNA, or that which does not encode proteins. (jove.com)
  • Lorenzo, O., Chico, J. M., Sanchez-Serrano, J. J. & Solano, R. JASMONATE-INSENSITIVE1 encodes a MYC transcription factor essential to discriminate between different jasmonate-regulated defense responses in Arabidopsis . (nature.com)
  • RGA (repressor of ga1-3) and GAI (gibberellin insensitive) are negative regulators of plant hormone gibberellin (GA) signaling in Arabidopsis. (nih.gov)
  • Three additional DELLA proteins RGL1, RGL2, and RGL3 are present in Arabidopsis. (nih.gov)
  • Using the newly isolated rgl1, rgl2, and rgl3 T-DNA insertion mutants, we demonstrated that RGL2 is the major repressor in seed germination. (nih.gov)
  • We later identified PIAS (protein inhibitor of activated STAT)xalpha as a DJ-1-binding protein, and found that DJ-1 restored androgen receptor (AR) transcription activity that was repressed by PIASxalpha. (nih.gov)
  • To further characterize the function of DJ-1, we cloned cDNA encoding a novel DJ-1-binding protein, DJBP, by a yeast two-hybrid system. (nih.gov)
  • Based on sequence similarity, RNA-binding specificity, and functional regulation of translation, the CPEB proteins have been classified into two subfamilies. (nih.gov)
  • CPEB-1 is an RNA-binding protein that interacts with the cytoplasmic polyadenylation element (CPE), a short U-rich motif in the 3' untranslated regions (UTRs) of certain mRNAs. (nih.gov)
  • CPEB-2 is an RNA-binding protein that is abundantly expressed in testis and localized in cytoplasm in transfected HeLa cells. (nih.gov)
  • CPEB-4 is an RNA-binding protein that mediates meiotic mRNA cytoplasmic polyadenylation and translation. (nih.gov)
  • Replacing either of the salt-bridge partners with an alanine reduces repressor activity substantially and it has been inferred that the salt bridge could possibly control the wedge angle between the DNA-binding domain and the dimerization domain, thereby modulating repressor activity. (rcsb.org)
  • DBC1 promotes castration-resistant prostate cancer by positively regulating DNA binding and stability of AR-V7. (cancerindex.org)
  • These stripes are regulated by a 300-bp enhancer (NEE) that contains high-affinity Dl-binding sites, Twist-binding sites, and "generic" E-box sequences that appear to bind ubiquitously distributed bHLH activators (Daughterless and Scute), which are present in the unfertilized egg. (sdbonline.org)
  • This gene encodes a MYND-containing zinc-binding protein with a nuclear localization sequence. (nih.gov)
  • TDP-43 is a transcriptional repressor DNA binding protein and represses HIV-1 transcription. (delveinsight.com)
  • Toward this objective, ChIP-Seq data of 14 S/MAR binding proteins were analyzed and the binding site coordinates of these proteins were used to prepare a non-redundant S/MAR dataset of human genome. (researchgate.net)
  • A repressor is a DNA binding protein (in the case of Sr9011 an artificial one) that inhibits gene expression. (thecni.org)
  • However, the Id proteins did complex with HES-1, and increased levels of Id2 reduced the DNA binding activity of HES-1. (lu.se)
  • The tox gene is regulated by a corynebacterial iron-binding repressor (DtxR). (medscape.com)
  • Each repressor targets a specific co-regulated group of genes by recognizing a specific sequence of DNA, called the operator in bacteria . (proteopedia.org)
  • It has been suggested that many such proteins from bacteria might be possible new drug targets, but at a molecular level many of them still remain mysterious. (lehigh.edu)
  • In bacteria and archaea , structural proteins with related functions are usually encoded together within the genome in a block called an operon and are transcribed together under the control of a single promoter , resulting in the formation of a polycistronic transcript ( Figure 12.30 ). (pressbooks.pub)
  • Taxol biosynthesis is significantly regulated by jasmonate acid (JA), one of the most important endogenous hormones in land plants. (frontiersin.org)
  • Jasmonate acid (JA) is a vital endogenous hormone that regulates taxol biosynthesis and other biological processes, especially (a)biotic stress tolerance in various plants ( Roberts, 2001 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Our results unravel the mechanism of jasmonate perception and highlight the ability of F-box proteins to evolve as multi-component signalling hubs. (nature.com)
  • COI1-ASK1 and JAZ proteins form a high-affinity jasmonate co-receptor. (nature.com)
  • The JAZ family of repressors is the missing link in jasmonate signalling. (nature.com)
  • JAZ repressor proteins are targets of the SCF COI1 complex during jasmonate signalling. (nature.com)
  • Cys102 is a key residue of metal site 2 and its substitution into a serine abolishes repressor activity. (rcsb.org)
  • Using a directed RNAi screen we find that protein phosphatase 1 (PP1), a ubiquitous serine/threonine phosphatase, is a novel potent positive physiologic regulator of the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway. (duke.edu)
  • A dsRNA-activated cAMP-independent protein serine/threonine kinase that is induced by interferon. (bvsalud.org)
  • This subfamily corresponds to the RRM1 of the CPEB family of proteins that bind to defined groups of mRNAs and act as either translational repressors or activators to regulate their translation. (nih.gov)
  • The Ras family of proteins play an important role in relaying signals from the outside to the inside of the cell. (elifesciences.org)
  • Interestingly, RGL2 expression is regulated not only at the transcript level. (nih.gov)
  • We are interested in how gene expression is regulated in the brain and how this process influence neurodegenerative diseases, psychiatric disorders and brain tumors. (lu.se)
  • Proteins called repressors bind to these regions, preventing polymerase-promoter association, inhibiting transcription. (jove.com)
  • However, these intergenic regions carry important elements that regulate gene activity, for instance, the promoter where transcription starts, and enhancers and silencers that fine-tune gene expression. (jove.com)
  • Besides, proteins BdDOF24 and BdGAMYB interact in yeast-2 hybrid systems and in plant nuclei, and in transient expression assays in aleurone layers BdDOF24 is a transcriptional repressor and BdGAMYB is an activator of the BdCathB promoter, as occurs with the puta-tive orthologous in barley BPBF-HvDOF24 and HvGAMYB. (upm.es)
  • In differentiating neuroblastoma cells, HASH-1 is down-regulated, and there is coincident up-regulation of the transcriptional repressor HES-1, which is known to bind the HASH-1 promoter. (lu.se)
  • Scope includes mutations and abnormal protein expression. (cancerindex.org)
  • Mutations in Ras proteins occur in around a third of all cancers, so a better understanding of their dynamics could help with future drug discovery. (elifesciences.org)
  • The findings are of interest in understanding molecular processes involved in regulating erythropoiesis, as well as the potential to develop host-directed therapies for malarial parasites that target human reticulocytes. (elifesciences.org)
  • The rga and gai null alleles interact synergistically to rescue vegetative growth and floral initiation in ga1-3, indicating that RGA and GAI are major repressors for these processes. (nih.gov)
  • They are involved in a range of cellular processes, depending upon the transcriptional repressor that recruits them to DNA, and they suppress the transcription of genes that cause apoptosis (reviewed in Bergman et al, 2006a). (southampton.ac.uk)
  • Overall, this study reveals the impact of cln5 -deficiency on gene expression in D. discoideum , provides insight on the genes and proteins that play a role in regulating Cln5-dependent processes, and sheds light on the molecular mechanisms underlying CLN5 disease. (frontiersin.org)
  • These results suggest TIEG and Itch contribute to a ubiquitin-dependent nonproteolytic pathway that regulates inducible Foxp3 expression and the control of allergic responses. (nih.gov)
  • The p53 tumour suppressor protein is a key component of one such stress-response pathway, and virtually all cancers loose functionality of the p53-stress response pathway. (southampton.ac.uk)
  • Dorsoventral (DV) patterning of the Drosophila embryo is initiated by a broad Dorsal (Dl) nuclear gradient, which is regulated by a conserved signaling pathway that includes the Toll receptor and Pelle kinase. (sdbonline.org)
  • However, the precise function of CLN5 in the cell and the pathway(s) regulating its function are not well understood. (frontiersin.org)
  • However, like most CLN proteins, the association of CLN5 with a defined biological pathway is still under investigation. (frontiersin.org)
  • Additionally, DBC1 knockdown eliminated the up-regulation of MMP7, EMT-related proteins, and cell cycle-related proteins as well as the enhanced proliferation and invasiveness induced by ZNF326. (cancerindex.org)
  • We followed up this analysis by showing that loss of cln5 alters the intracellular and extracellular amounts of proliferation repressors during growth and increases the extracellular amount of conditioned medium factor, which regulates cAMP signalling during the early stages of development. (frontiersin.org)
  • KEGG enrichment analysis showed that FO mainly regulates PI3K-AKT- and apoptosis-related signals, in which BBC3, DDIT3, NOXA, and CDKN1A on the surface serve as the novel targets of FO inducing HCC cell apoptosis. (hindawi.com)
  • Otherwise, it may function as a translational inhibitor when dephosphorylated and bind to a protein such as maskin or neuroguidin, which blocks translation initiation through interfering with the assembly of eIF-4E and eIF-4G. (nih.gov)
  • Both Int and IHF bind to attP and form an intasome , a DNA-protein-complex designed for site-specific recombination of the phage and host DNA. (wikidoc.org)
  • We have a long-standing interest in the p53 protein, a stress-activated transcriptional activator. (southampton.ac.uk)
  • Introns are excised once the sequence is transcribed to mRNA, leaving only exons to code for proteins. (jove.com)
  • In rats, hepatic ketogenic capacity increases rapidly during postnatal development ( 4 ) or fasting ( 5 ) when the mRNA, protein, and activity of HMGCS2 increase in liver ( 6 - 8 ). (aacrjournals.org)
  • Administration of dibutyryl-cyclic AMP to adult rats increases mRNA, protein levels, and enzymatic activity of HMGCS2 in the liver ( 6, 9 ). (aacrjournals.org)
  • HMGCS2 protein expression is down-regulated preferentially in moderately and poorly differentiated carcinomas. (aacrjournals.org)
  • To demonstrate the flexibility and modular nature of the liposome system, 10 recombinant surface antigens representing distinct influenza virus strains were bound simultaneously to generate a highly multivalent protein particle that with 5 ng individual antigen dosing induced antibodies in mice that specifically recognized the constituent immunogens and conferred protection against heterologous H5N1 influenza virus challenge. (cdc.gov)
  • In the inhibition of shoot branching, the α/β hydrolase D14-which metabolizes strigolactone-interacts with the F-box protein D3 to ubiquitinate and degrade the transcription repressor D53. (cam.ac.uk)
  • The result implied that FO might exacerbate HCC cell apoptosis by regulating BBC3, DDIT3, CDKN1A, and NOXA signals. (hindawi.com)
  • Several tissue-specific bHLH proteins, including HASH-1, dHAND, and HES-1, are important for development of the nervous system. (lu.se)
  • We report that chick Dach1 interacts with the Smad complex and the corepressor mouse Sin3a, thereby acting as a repressor of BMP-mediated transcriptional control. (biologists.com)
  • These results suggest that AR is positively regulated by DJ-1, which antagonizes the function of negative regulators, including DJBP. (nih.gov)
  • Previous studies have demonstrated that lncRNAs act as one of the molecular mechanisms for the post-transcriptional regulation and modulation of protein function. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The Dl and Twist proteins appear to make synergistic contact with the basal transcription complex, so that snail is activated throughout the presumptive mesoderm in response to both peak and high levels of the Dl gradient. (sdbonline.org)
  • The biological role and underlying mechanism of action of zinc-finger protein 326 (ZNF326) in malignant tumors, including breast cancer, are still not clear. (cancerindex.org)
  • Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants and protein isoforms. (nih.gov)
  • To understand the role of the epigenetic co-repressor protein TRIM28 in the control of transposable elements (TEs) and how TEs control gene regulation in the developing and adult brain. (lu.se)
  • We have undertaken a series of projects examining how HDM2, and its paralogue HDMX is regulated in cancer cells (see Phillips et al, 2010, 2008, 2007, 2006a, 2006b and Phelps et al 2005, 2003). (southampton.ac.uk)
  • The pQE-TriSystem vector contains CAG, T5, and p10 promoters that enable 6xHis-tagged protein expression in mammalian, E. coli , and baculovirus-infected insect cells, respectively (see figure pQE TriSystem. pQE TriSystem. "> pQE TriSystem ). (qiagen.com)
  • Vector pQE-TriSystem constructs can be transformed into E. coli , used as a shuttle vector for recombinant protein expression in insect cells, or transfected into mammalian cells. (qiagen.com)
  • We found that the three Id proteins expressed in neuroblastoma cells (Id1, Id2, and Id3) were down-regulated during induced differentiation, indicating that Id proteins help keep the tumor cells in an undifferentiated state. (lu.se)
  • The ability of Id proteins to affect HES-1 activity is of particular interest in neuronal cells, where regulation of HES-1 is essential for the timing of neuronal differentiation. (lu.se)
  • Additionally, TcERF15, which played the positive role to regulate tasy gene, was up-regulated by TcMYC2a. (frontiersin.org)
  • Researchers believe that this protein plays an important role in brain development, particularly in a region of the embryonic brain known as the telencephalon. (medlineplus.gov)
  • This protein may play an important role in spermatogenesis. (nih.gov)
  • We have shown that CtBPs also interact with HDM2 protein, and can consequently regulate p53 function (Mirnezami et al, 2003). (southampton.ac.uk)
  • The diphtheria toxin repressor (DtxR) from Corynebacterium diphtheriae regulates the expression of the gene on corynebacteriophages that encodes diphtheria toxin (DT). (rcsb.org)
  • In the DtxR-DNA complex this anion is replaced by the side chain of Glu170 provided by the third domain of the repressor. (rcsb.org)
  • The strigolactones, a class of plant hormones, regulate many aspects of plant physiology. (cam.ac.uk)
  • Hence, our results provide evidence for the involvement of Ac and ceramide in controlling P. yoelii infection by regulating red blood cell development. (elifesciences.org)
  • The DNA of the prophage that is expressed in that state codes for proteins that look out for signs of stress in the host cell. (wikidoc.org)
  • Some Example Projects: Regulation of HDM2 and HDMX proteins The HDM2 oncoprotein is the major negative regulator of p53 function in the cell. (southampton.ac.uk)
  • Our previous report showed that FO inhibits HCC cell invasion via AKT-, mitogen-activated protein kinase- (MAPK-), and EMT-related signals [ 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Ras proteins are attached by a fatty tail to the inner surface of the cell membrane. (elifesciences.org)
  • Only a subset of proteins in a cell at a given time is expressed. (pressbooks.pub)
  • Inserts encoding proteins of interest are cloned into appropriate constructs and transformed into a suitable E. coli strain for expression. (qiagen.com)
  • Jasmonates are a family of plant hormones that regulate plant growth, development and responses to stress. (nature.com)
  • who also correctly proposed the general mechanism of regulation by the lac repressor. (proteopedia.org)
  • In the absence of cI proteins, the cro gene may be transcribed. (wikidoc.org)
  • What percentage of time this DNA sequence spends in a kinked state, in the absence of bound lac repressor protein, is not known, but it may be a significant percentage (see next section below). (proteopedia.org)