Regulates proteins metastasis. Medical search. Frequent questions

Recent studies have shown that extracellular vesicles (EVs) can be exploited by tumors to assist in cancer cell growth, proliferation, migration, invasion and metastasis. (springer.com)
T-cell lymphoma invasion and metastasis-inducing protein 1 has been shown to interact with ANK1, Myc, RAC1 and PPP1R9B. (wikipedia.org)
CAV2 promotes the invasion and metastasis of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas by regulating S100 proteins. (bvsalud.org)
Locally advanced HNSCC is characterized by tumors with marked local invasion and evidence of metastasis to regional lymph nodes . (bvsalud.org)
In this study, CAV2 was found to profoundly promote invasion and stimulate metastasis in vivo and in vitro . (bvsalud.org)
CAV2 was demonstrated to be a key regulator of S100 protein expression that upregulates the proteins levels of S100s, which promotes the invasion and migration and downregulates the expression of tumor suppressors. (bvsalud.org)
Taken together, our findings indicate that CAV2 promotes HNSCC invasion and metastasis by regulating the expression of S100 proteins , presenting a novel potential target for anticancer therapy in HNSCC . (bvsalud.org)
Sp2 promotes invasion and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma by targeting TRIB3 protein. (nih.gov)
In recent years, emerging studies have highlighted the critical role of these pathways and their regulation by microRNAs (miRNAs) in cancer invasion and metastasis. (intechopen.com)
The above findings indicate that DOK5 plays a key role in the invasion, progression, and the metastasis of cancer. (hindawi.com)
The epithelial‑mesenchymal transition (EMT) serves vital roles in the angiogenesis, cell invasion and metastasis of various malignant tumors, including bladder cancer. (spandidos-publications.com)
These results suggested that PPII treatment may suppress bladder cancer cell migration and invasion by regulating the expression of EMT‑associated genes and MMPs. (spandidos-publications.com)
evidence has indicated that inflammation impacts every step of tumorigenesis, from initiation through promotion to invasion and metastasis ( 8 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Analysis of the changes of migration and invasion, showed significant reduced LAPTM5 suppressed cell metastasis. (spandidos-publications.com)
Increasing evidence suggested EMT was involved in cancer invasion, metastasis ( 16 ) and the malignancy of tumors ( 17 ), often marked by reduction of E-cadherin and induction of N-cadherin ( 18 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
YGJDSJ also inhibited TGF- B 1 up-regulated Smad3 phosphorylation and Snail expression, as well as TGF- B 1-induced cell adhesion, migration, and invasion. (naturalnews.com)
In addition, ERV-K env significantly regulates proliferation and invasion depending on p53 status and Aza treatment. (frontiersin.org)
Subsequently, normal cell-cell interactions between the tumor and surrounding tissues and immune cells begin to breakdown, leading to invasion and eventual metastasis to distant sites. (umassmed.edu)
A current area of focus is the molecular dissection of a novel KLF6-VAV3-RAC1 signaling axis that regulates hepatocellular carcinoma invasion and metastasis. (umassmed.edu)
FAK plays a prominent role in tumor progression and metastasis regulating cellular processes including migration, invasion, epithelial to mesenchymal transition, and angiogenesis. (aacrjournals.org)
The small GTPase Rapl regulates cell adhesion, cell survival, gene transcription and invasion. (uwo.ca)
AXL significantly promotes tumour cell migration, invasion and metastasis, as well as angiogenesis. (cancerindex.org)
Furthermore, we found that PAR1 induces EMT to promote breast cancer invasion and metastasis. (tufts.edu)
Our laboratory focusses on how WNT5A expression is regulated in these cancers and deciphering the WNT5A signaling pathways governing cancer cell migration and invasion. (lu.se)

The encoded protein may possess histone methyltransferase activity and plays a critical role in cell pluripotency by suppressing the expression of differentiation marker genes. (nih.gov)
But in humans, these genes are spliced together in different ways to create various kinds of messenger RNA to produce the many different proteins humans require. (sciencedaily.com)
Wang said that RBM4 is needed in the proper amount so that these genes are spliced properly and don't contribute to cancer development and metastasis. (sciencedaily.com)
To date, 1527 human miRNAs have been identified (Sanger miRBase 18 http://www.miRbase.org/index.shtml), forming less than 1% of all human genes, potentially regulating more than 10% of all protein coding genes [ 1 ]. (intechopen.com)
In addition, STARD12/14 could regulate the ferroptosis related genes. (medsci.org)
Metastasis suppressor genes inhibit one or more steps required for metastasis without affecting primary tumor formation. (umassmed.edu)
Due to the complexity of the metastatic process, the development of experimental approaches for identifying genes involved in metastasis prevention has been challenging. (umassmed.edu)
The Green lab developed a genome-wide RNA interference (RNAi) screening strategy that enables the discovery of new genes that regulate metastasis. (umassmed.edu)
Transcription factors are proteins that regulate the transcription of genes, or the production of mRNA from DNA. (biolegend.com)
Because miRNAs may regulate approximately 60% of human genes [ 11 ], the relationship between miRNAs and human diseases has been extensively explored in the last decade. (cdc.gov)
The male sex hormones testosterone and dihydrotestosterone bind to the receptor, which then passes on the hormonal effect by regulating other genes. (lu.se)

Metastasis occurs when cancer cells break free from a primary tumor and spread throughout the body, requiring them to sever connections with neighboring cells and migrate to other tissues. (scitechdaily.com)
The majority of deaths from breast cancer are not due to the primary tumor itself, but are the result of metastasis to other organs in the body ( 2 ). (iiarjournals.org)
We have demonstrated that PAR1 blockade induces apoptosis and chemosensization in the primary tumor, and inhibits metastasis to the lungs. (tufts.edu)

Given the crucial roles of Rac1 in tumor angiogenesis and metastasis, intracellular mature IL-37 might serve as a potential strategy for the control of Rac1 activity and tumor progression. (nature.com)
Important steps during cancer progression are tumor growth and subsequent metastasis. (umassmed.edu)
MCCB researchers focus on a number of different steps in tumor progression and metastasis, using both disease and developmental models. (umassmed.edu)
The Lewis lab is interrogating the mechanisms that underlie the progression and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma and pancreatic adenocarcinomas. (umassmed.edu)
Detection of breast cancer metastasis at the earliest stage is important for the management and prediction of breast cancer progression. (iiarjournals.org)
CTCs are recognized as playing important roles in the metastasis of carcinomas ( 11 , 12 ) and their analysis enables the prediction of metastatic relapse and progression ( 11 ). (iiarjournals.org)

The lymphatic system is an important route for cancer dissemination, and lymph node metastasis (LNM) serves as a critical prognostic determinant in cancer patients. (nii.ac.jp)
In patients with breast cancer, expression of FLI1 is strongly correlated with advanced stage, poor differentiation, and lymph node metastasis. (biomedcentral.com)
Since early symptoms of cervical cancer are not obvious, late lymph node metastasis is common, leading to poor prognosis. (hindawi.com)
Invasive micropapillary carcinoma of the breast (IMPC) is a rare subtype of breast cancer that has a high frequency of lymph node (LN) involvement and metastasis to distant organs. (jcancer.org)
This is due to the high propensity of lymph node (LN) involvement as well as early regional and distant metastasis seen in IMPC [ 1 - 5 ]. (jcancer.org)

Some of the new approaches depend on tumor biology and aim specifically to inhibit tumor growth and metastasis by targeting the tumor microenvironment or vasculature (leaving normal cells unaffected) or focusing on specific protein or signal transduction pathways. (medscape.com)
By targeting these mechanisms, the overarching aim is to reprogram pro-tumoral TAMs into an anti-tumoral state, affecting various components of the non-cancer cells residing in the tumor microenvironment, ultimately inhibiting tumor growth and metastasis ( Figure 1 ). (lu.se)

Abstract: Protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1) is a G protein-coupled receptor that is not expressed in normal breast epithelia, but is up-regulated in invasive breast carcinomas. (tufts.edu)
KiSS-1 metastasis-suppressor (KISS1) is a metastasis suppressor gene that suppresses metastases of melanomas and breast carcinomas without affecting tumorigenicity. (novusbio.com)

Effects on metastasis by the expression of MRP-1 CD9 were investigated with mouse melanoma BL6 cells-BALB/c nu/nu mouse system. (nih.gov)
suggest that DOK5 upregulation might also be associated with metastasis, in human melanoma [ 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
2008) A genome-wide shRNA screen identifies GAS1 as a novel melanoma metastasis suppressor gene. (umassmed.edu)
In contrast, WNT5A expression is associated with increased metastasis and reduced survival in melanoma patients. (lu.se)

When RBM4 is low, the longer form of Bcl-x is produced, which plays a role in promoting cancer development and metastasis. (sciencedaily.com)
PAR1 Action in Tumor Development and Metastasis. (tufts.edu)

The researchers found that YGJDSJ can decrease the expression of proteins important for metastasis , making it a promising natural medicine for metastatic liver cancer. (naturalnews.com)
Duchesnea indica (mock strawberry or she mei) -- A recent study reported that D. indica extracts could inhibit highly metastatic lung adenocarcinoma cells by down-regulating EMT-related proteins. (naturalnews.com)
Based on these findings, the researchers concluded that YGJDSJ could inhibit TGF- B 1-induced EMT and mediates the metastatic potential of liver cancer cells by down-regulating Smad3 phosphorylation and Snail expression. (naturalnews.com)
N-Myc downstream-regulated gene 1 (NDRG1) plays vital roles in tumor metastasis suppression and is frequently silenced in metastatic colon cancers. (nih.gov)
Additionally, a deeper understanding of the metastatic cascade in breast cancer will be critical for developing therapeutic interventions to combat breast cancer metastasis. (iiarjournals.org)
Our overall aim is to understand how TAM immunosuppressive and pro-metastatic functions are regulated and if these TAMs can be used as mechanistic, predictive and prognostic tools for different solid tumors, including breast cancer, adult and pediatric sarcoma, and other solid tumors. (lu.se)
While recent research has improved treatment of primary tumours, few discoveries have specifically benefited patients with metastatic disease such as brain metastases. (lu.se)

DOK5 enhances c-Ret-dependent activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
In addition, phosphorylated ERK1/2 and p38, key members of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family regulating BCa tumorigenesis, were strongly decreased. (spandidos-publications.com)
Further mechanistic studies revealed that these functions were controlled by the eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF) 4E and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) interacting protein kinase (MNK) signaling pathways, which regulate which mRNAs will be translated. (lu.se)

PML is a protein that regulates important cellular decisions about life or death. (forth.gr)
However, the cellular and molecular machinery underlying metastasis is relatively poorly understood so far. (intechopen.com)
In vivo, NM23-NDPKs regulate a diverse array of cellular events including growth and development. (embl.de)
Transcription growth factor-beta 1 (TGF- B 1) is a protein involved in many cellular functions. (naturalnews.com)
STAT3 protein belongs to a group of intracellular transcription factors that mediate a variety of functions such as cellular differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. (biolegend.com)
Specialized cell structures called ribosomes are the cellular organelles that actually synthesize the proteins (RNA transcription). (cdc.gov)
In cellular environment protein abundance and half-life are determined by ubiquitin-proteasomal system. (lu.se)
Kask L., Hillarp A., Ramesh B., Dahlbäck B., and Blom A. M. (2002) Structural requirements for the intra-cellular subunit polymerization of the complement inhibitor C4b-binding protein. (lu.se)

The metastasis suppressor properties may be mediated in part by cell cycle arrest and induction of apoptosis in malignant cells. (novusbio.com)

What pathways are this gene/protein implicaed in? (cancerindex.org)
These phytochemicals frequently act by means of regulating molecular pathways which are embroiled in development and dissemination of cancer. (researchsquare.com)
There are thousands of signaling pathways, ranging from protein homeostasis to carcinogenesis and biofilm formation. (news-medical.net)
Metabolic pathways that regulate TAM phenotypes. (lu.se)

Recently, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) programs have become the focus of the mechanism of metastasis [ 1 , 17 - 20 ]. (intechopen.com)
EMT is an embryologically conserved genetic program by which epithelial cells down regulate intercellular tight junctions, loose polarity, express mesenchymal markers, and manifest a migratory phenotype [ 1 ]. (intechopen.com)
Furthermore, proteins involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) were strongly altered, which plays a central role in metastasis. (spandidos-publications.com)
Metastasis of cancer cells involves a process called epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), wherein epithelial cells undergo phenotypic changes to resemble mesenchymal cells -- stem cells capable of turning into different types of adult cells. (naturalnews.com)
Solanum nigrum (black nightshade or long kui) -- The active component of this herb, a -solanine, can suppress EMT by decreasing the expression of vimentin , a mesenchymal protein marker. (naturalnews.com)
The purpose of this study was to identify potential therapeutic strategies to slow down or prevent the expression of early-onset epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) marker proteins (fibronectin and alpha smooth muscle actin, α-SMA) without sacrificing the synthesis and accumulation of the prosurvival protein vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in cultured virally transformed human lens epithelial (HLE) cells. (molvis.org)
Transcriptional profiling by genechip analysis revealed that PAR1 expression promotes the expression of mesenchymal proteins such as vimentin, laminin, and integrin, and down-regulates epithelial proteins such as E-cadherin, claudin, zona occludens and cytokeratin. (tufts.edu)

They are also implicated in the pathogenesis and metastasis of tumors. (embl.de)

Euphorbia helioscopia (madwoman's milk or ze qi) -- Like L. lucidum , E. helioscopia can stop tumor growth , induce cell death, and inhibit the metastasis of HCC in vivo. (naturalnews.com)

We further provided evidence that IL-37 inhibited effectively tumor metastasis in vitro and in vivo . (nature.com)
Likewise, in vivo models of breast cancer have demonstrated that a high-cholesterol diet increases tumor growth by 20%, as well as the likelihood of metastasis. (news-medical.net)

Transcription Factor SP2 Regulates Ski-mediated Astrocyte Proliferation In Vitro. (nih.gov)

AKT , also known as protein kinase B (PKB), belongs to the AGC family of protein kinases. (medscape.com)
These oligomeric proteins exhibit nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDPK) activity that catalyzes nonsubstrate specific conversions of nucleoside diphosphates to nucleoside triphosphates. (embl.de)
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the Tyro3-Axl-Mer (TAM) receptor tyrosine kinase subfamily. (cancerindex.org)

Our transcriptome analysis revealed in bladder cancer (BCa) tissues a significant induction of lysosomal-associated multispanning membrane protein 5 (LAPTM5), a lysosomal membrane protein preferentially expressing in immune cells and hematopoietic cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
LAPMT5 is a lysosomal membrane protein preferentially expressed in immune cells ( 5 , 6 ) and hematopoietic cells ( 7 ), having a close interaction with the Nedd4 ( 8 ), a member of the E3 ubiquitin ligases family ( 8 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

They identified EMT by observing cell morphological changes under a microscope, and by confirming the expression and phosphorylation of protein markers using Western Blot. (naturalnews.com)
Integrin-FAK signaling has been shown to activate a number of biological mechanisms through phosphorylation and protein-protein interactions promoting tumorigenesis. (aacrjournals.org)
The best characterized FAK phosporylation event is the auto-phosphorylation at the tyrosine397 (Tyr397) which creates a motif that is recognized by various SH2 domain-containing proteins, such as src which phosphorylates FAK on Tyr576. (aacrjournals.org)

Mutations in GPR56 , an orphan G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), cause bilateral frontoparietal polymicrogyria (BFPP), a disorder characterized by mental retardation, seizures, motor developmental delay, and ataxia. (jneurosci.org)
The G protein-coupled LPA] receptor has been implicated in breast cancer metastasis although the molecular mechanisms underlying this process are largely unknown. (uwo.ca)
Iguchi T, Sakata K, Yoshizaki K, Tago K, Mizuno N, Itoh H. Orphan G protein-coupled receptor GPR56 regulates neural progenitor cell migration via a G alpha 12/13 and Rho pathway. (medlineplus.gov)
Orphan G protein-coupled receptor GPR56 plays a role in cell transformation and tumorigenesis involving the cell adhesion pathway. (medlineplus.gov)
In experiments, this molecule was able to regulate the androgen receptor, which is important to the growth of both cancerous and normal prostate cells. (lu.se)
The androgen receptor is a protein that has an important role in the male reproductive system. (lu.se)

ANGPTL4 is an important prometastatic factor that promotes the formation of metastases in various types of cancer. (scitechdaily.com)

Recent study at IMBB, published in Cell Death and Disease revealed that CISD-1, an iron sulfur cluster binding protein implicated in the pathogenesis of the neurodegenerative disorder Wolfram Syndrome type 2, modulates longevity and proteostasis by engaging autophagy and the mitochondrial intrinsic apoptosis pathway. (forth.gr)

They found that PML limits breast cancer metastasis by inhibiting cancer stem cell survival, tumor cell migration and blood vessel formation. (forth.gr)
Before birth, the ADGRG1 protein appears to be essential for the normal growth and movement (migration) of nerve cells (neurons) in a part of the brain called the cerebral cortex. (medlineplus.gov)
A loss of ADGRG1 protein function likely disrupts the normal migration of neurons in the developing brain. (medlineplus.gov)

Scope includes mutations and abnormal protein expression. (cancerindex.org)
Most of the identified mutations change a single protein building block (amino acid) in the ADGRG1 protein. (medlineplus.gov)
These mutations interfere with the normal processing of the protein. (medlineplus.gov)
Jin Z, Tietjen I, Bu L, Liu-Yesucevitz L, Gaur SK, Walsh CA, Piao X. Disease-associated mutations affect GPR56 protein trafficking and cell surface expression. (medlineplus.gov)
Mismatch repair protein mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-mutant astrocytoma and IDH-wild-type glioblastoma. (cdc.gov)

MiRNAs, short (18-24 nucleotides) non-coding RNAs, are derived from long transcripts pri-miRNAs and pre-miRNAs [ 26 - 30 ].By targeting 3' untranslated regions (3'UTRs) of cognate mRNAs, miRNAs post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression and induce translational repression [ 29 , 30 ]. (intechopen.com)
The mechanism whereby NM23 regulates gene expression is proposed to entail DNA-binding and subsequent alterations in promoter DNA structure. (embl.de)
RUNX1 belongs to the runt domain family of transcription factors and regulates target gene expression through forming a heterodimeric DNA-binding complex with CBFB. (biolegend.com)
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, noncoding RNAs that bind to the 3' UTR of target mRNAs, and silence gene expression by inducing degradation of target mRNAs or inhibition of protein translation [ 10 ]. (cdc.gov)

Silencing PRDM14 via Oligonucleotide Therapeutics Suppresses Tumorigenicity and Metastasis of Breast Cancer. (nih.gov)

Hence, further studies are required to unravel the molecular mechanisms of metastasis - governed by the establishment and release of cancer associated EVs. (springer.com)
Interdisciplinary scientific collaboration between the Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB, FORTH), the Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (IESL, FORTH) and the Medical School of National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), sheds light into the molecular mechanisms that regulate nuclear lipid droplets accumulation during ageing. (forth.gr)
Mark L., Lee W. H., Villoutreix B. O., Proctor D., Blackbourn, D., Spiller B. O. and Blom A. M. (2004) KSHV complement control protein mimics human molecular mechanisms for inhibition of the complement system. (lu.se)

Research has intensified to understand ERV protein function and their role as tumor antigens and targets for cancer (immune) therapy. (frontiersin.org)

In this study, clinical data from 84 patients showed that loss or reduced expression of IL-37 in lung adenocarcinoma tissues was significantly associated with tumor metastasis. (nature.com)
In human BCa tissues, we observed that LAPTM5 was significantly induced at both mRNA and protein levels, which is consistent with our microarray result. (spandidos-publications.com)
GSE76211) ( 3 , 4 ), revealing a significantly upregulated gene in BCa tissues, the lysosomal-associated protein multispanning transmembrane 5 (LAPTM5). (spandidos-publications.com)
High ERV-K env total protein expression of all tumor subtypes significantly correlated with low tumor grading and a longer disease specific survival using multivariable analyses. (frontiersin.org)
In comparing the clinicopathological features of 451 IMPC patients and 282 IDC-NST patients, our results showed that tumor emboli were significantly higher in IMPC patients and were associated with a high frequency of metastasis. (jcancer.org)
Treatment with XAV932 significantly reduced the level of nuclear β-catenin, but the levels of neither the EMT marker proteins nor VEGF were changed. (molvis.org)

Becker A, Thakur BK, Weiss JM, Kim HS, Peinado H, Lyden D (2016) Extracellular vesicles in cancer: cell-to-cell mediators of metastasis. (springer.com)
Beghein E, Devriese D, Van Hoey E, Gettemans J (2018) Cortactin and fascin-1 regulate extracellular vesicle release by controlling endosomal trafficking or invadopodia formation and function. (springer.com)
TIAM1 modulates the activity of Rho GTP-binding proteins and connects extracellular signals to cytoskeletal activities. (wikipedia.org)
The encoded protein possesses an extracellular domain which is composed of two immunoglobulin-like motifs at the N-terminal, followed by two fibronectin type-III motifs. (cancerindex.org)
It transduces signals from the extracellular matrix into the cytoplasm by binding to the vitamin K-dependent protein growth arrest-specific 6 (Gas6). (cancerindex.org)

Docking protein 5 (DOK5) is a member of the docking protein group of membrane proteins and is an adapter protein involved in signal transduction. (hindawi.com)

Andersen K, Mori H, Fata J , Bascom J , Øyjord T, Mælandsmo GM, Bissell M . The metastasis-promoting protein S100A4 regulates mammary branching morphogenesis Developmental Biology . (academictree.org)

Currently, detection of breast cancer metastasis relies on clinical manifestations of the spread to distant organs, biopsies of affected organs, radiological evaluations, imaging methods and serum tumor markers ( 3 , 4 ). (iiarjournals.org)
Silencing of Mnks in TAMs reprograms them into an anti-tumor phenotype, entailing activation of TILs and induction of vessel normalization, which hampers distant metastasis. (lu.se)
Importantly, pro-tumoral perivascular TAMs in breast cancer (BC) are associated with poor prognosis and increased risk of distant metastasis ( Figure 2 ). (lu.se)

Docking protein 5 ( DOK5 ), which was first reported in 2001, is a member of a subgroup of the DOK family that has been expressed using c-Ret in several neuronal tissues. (hindawi.com)
Although the ADGRG1 protein has been studied most extensively in the brain, it is active in many of the body's tissues. (medlineplus.gov)

START domain-containing proteins (STARDs) are responsible for lipid metabolism. (medsci.org)

had shown that DOK5 are expressed in T cells and their expression is regulated upon T cell activation [ 4 ]. (hindawi.com)

Our lab employs state-of-the-art molecular biology techniques, mouse models, and patient samples to uncover mechanisms that regulate TAM phenotypes. (lu.se)

A new study by IMBB researchers shows that molecular condensates that store or degrade mRNA tightly associate with mitochondria to regulate their biogenesis and function. (forth.gr)
In this respect, we recently illuminated a new mechanism whereby selective modification of mRNA translation regulates TAM immunosuppressive functions. (lu.se)
At the ribosome, the processed mRNA is translated to produce proteins from amino acid units. (cdc.gov)

For example, in breast cancer loss of WNT5A protein is associated with poor survival. (lu.se)

It regulates tumor growth and various processes leading to breast cancer metastasis. (medscape.com)
The protein RBM4, a molecule crucial to the process of gene splicing, is drastically decreased in multiple forms of human cancer, including lung and breast cancers, researchers have discovered. (sciencedaily.com)
In lung and breast cancer patients, RBM4 was drastically "down regulated. (sciencedaily.com)
An increased level of apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I), which is the main protein of HDL, has also been found to increase breast cancer risk. (news-medical.net)
We found that Rapl interacts with the multi-functional scaffolding proteins P-arrestin2 and IQGAP1 that are critical regulators breast cancer cell invasiveness. (uwo.ca)
Breast cancer metastasis accounts for the majority of deaths from breast cancer. (iiarjournals.org)
Emerging techniques using the analysis of circulating tumor cells show promising results in predicting and identifying the early stages of breast cancer metastasis in patients. (iiarjournals.org)
ER protein determinations were performed using two-thirds of all breast cancers are ER at the time of diagnosis, the standard methods in the routine clinical laboratory (9). (lu.se)

Anatomy12

Organisms5

Diseases95

Chemicals and Drugs56

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment69

Phenomena and Processes24

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science2

Health Care16

Invasion24

Genes11

Primary tumor3

Progression6

Lymph5

Microenvironment2

Carcinomas2

Melanoma4

Development and metastasis2

Metastatic7

Mitogen-activa3

Cellular8

Suppressor1

Pathways4

Mesenchymal7

Tumors1

Inhibit1

Vivo2

Vitro1

Kinase3

Hematopoietic cells2

Phosphorylation3

Receptor6

Promotes1

Apoptosis1

Migration3

Mutations5

Gene expression4

Suppresses1

Molecular mechanisms3

Targets1

Significantly6

Extracellular5

Membrane proteins1

Mammary1

Distant3

Tissues2

Domain-containi1

Expression is regulated1

Mechanisms that regulate1

MRNA3

Survival1

Breast8