• The mechanism of OGF-OGFr action on DNA synthesis was related to the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitory pathway because knockdown of p16 or p21 in OVCAR-3 cells, and p21 in SKOV-3 cells, eliminated OGF's inhibitory effect on growth. (nih.gov)
  • AA and the extracellular regulated protein kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) blocker U0126 markedly inhibited migration, elevated smooth muscle 22 α (SM22 α ) expression, repressed VSMC proliferation, elevated miR-466f-3p and miR-425-3p expression, and suppressed miR-27a-5p and miR-128-5p expression in ox-LDL-induced VSMCs. (hindawi.com)
  • The expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors was profoundly affected with early activation and then repression of p21 cip1/waf1 and persistent activation of both p27 kip1 and p57 kip2 , whereas genes involved in cell survival and proliferation were suppressed. (aacrjournals.org)
  • The small GTPase Rho can regulate several aspects of cellular function, predominantly through its downstream effector Rho-kinase. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • Rho-kinase regulates a second pathway that involves activation of LIM-kinases (LIMKs) and subsequent phosphorylation and inactivation of cofilin, an actin dynamizing protein. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • It was observed that LPA-stimulated dense granule secretion is mainly regulated by Rho-kinase, whereas secretion induced by thrombin was only in part Rho-kinase-dependent. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • Together, these results show that Rho-kinase regulates the F-actin increase underlying shape change and secretion, but it is not directly involved in aggregation. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • LIMK-1 can be activated by Rho-kinase as well as by p21-activated kinases (PAKs). (uni-muenchen.de)
  • This kinase, as well as CDK4, has been shown to phosphorylate, and thus regulate the activity of, tumor suppressor protein Rb. (cancerindex.org)
  • P21-activated kinase 3 (PAK3) is a serine/threonine protein kinase, and PAK3 affects the EMT, proliferation, metastasis and invasion of HCC. (jcancer.org)
  • This gene encodes the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21(WAF1/Cip1), a factor implicated in cell cycle, senescence, and cancer. (ed.ac.uk)
  • SnCs exhibit irreversible growth arrest accompanied by increased expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CDKi) such as p16 INK4a , and p21 Cip1 , accumulation of DNA damages, and secretion of diverse bioactive molecules known as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). (aging-us.com)
  • Recent results indicate that at least part of its role is to regulate the activity of the serine/threonine kinase AKT/PKB, and thus influence cell survival signaling. (neuromics.com)
  • Similarly, depletion in the STRIPAK component STRIP1 affects activation of GCKIII kinases and cell cycle disruption through elevated expression of cyclin dependent kinase inhibitors p21 and p27, enhanced levels of which lead to a protective effect from therapeutic treatments and increased proliferation. (lu.se)
  • The cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors p21 and p16 inhibit the activity of CDKs, such as CDK4. (medscape.com)
  • An intracellular-signaling kinase that plays a role in regulating APOPTOSIS. (bvsalud.org)
  • EBF3 bound directly to p21 cip1/waf1 promoter and regulated transcription from both p21 cip1/waf1 and p27 kip1 promoters in reporter assays. (aacrjournals.org)
  • The CDK4/Cyclin D complex is also negatively regulated by p21/CIP1/CDKN1A and p27/Kip1. (rndsystems.com)
  • This new and unprecedented evidence for a link between SdhD dysfunction and p21(WAF1/Cip1) will open new avenues for the study of the mechanisms that cause tumors in Sdh mutants. (ed.ac.uk)
  • Our results suggest that the extracts of this polyherbal combination increase histone 3 acetylation, inhibit the expression of class I and class II histone deacetylases, increase the activation of CBP/p300 and inhibit cell proliferation, in part, by up regulating p21 expression. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Here, we show that the NFκB pathway directly activates expression of the proliferation inhibitor p21 in response to DNA damage in myeloid leukemia cells. (psu.edu)
  • The role of miR‑497 in regulating the proliferation of HCC‑derived cells was also investigated in vitro and in vivo. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The miR-128-5p mimic promoted the migration and proliferation of VSMCs and suppressed p21, p27, and SM22ɑ expression. (hindawi.com)
  • The inhibitor increased p21, p27, and SM22ɑ expression and repressed the migration, phenotypic transformation, and proliferation of VSMCs. (hindawi.com)
  • miR-128-5p directly targeted the 3′UTR-binding sequences of the p21 gene, negatively regulated p21 expression, and supported the proliferation of VSMCs. (hindawi.com)
  • Our research showed that the migration, phenotypic transformation, and proliferation of ox-LDL-induced VSMCs were repressed by AA through inhibiting miR-128-5p by targeting the p21 gene, which may provide an effective option for the treatment of atherosclerosis. (hindawi.com)
  • The migration, phenotypic transformation, and proliferation of VSMCs lead to vascular wall remodeling, which is mediated by activation of extracellular regulated protein kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) signalling [ 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Several studies have shown that miRNAs play multiple roles in the phenotypic transformation, migration, and proliferation of VSMCs by inhibiting ERK1/2 activation [ 11 , 12 ], partly by regulating the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMPs)-MMPs and p21-cyclins interactions [ 13 - 18 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • We hypothesized that FO might regulate related genes in apoptosis and PI3K-AKT pathways to mediate the proliferation and apoptosis of liver cancer cells. (hindawi.com)
  • Researchers said the EMC suppressed EATC proliferation by regulating the protein expression of cyclin D1 and p21 genes. (integrativepractitioner.com)
  • 1,000 human miRNAs have been identified that regulate ~1/3 of the coding genes in the human genome ( 9 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • However, whether miR-497 regulates other target genes in HCC is unknown. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • miR-128-5p targets the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), silent information regulator 2 (SIRT2), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR), and p21 genes, which are linked to the behaviours of VSMCs. (hindawi.com)
  • Swr1 is required for the deposition of histone H2AZ at specific chromosome locations in vivo, and Swr1 and H2AZ commonly regulate a subset of yeast genes. (sdbonline.org)
  • The expression of genes through miRNA is regulated by endogenous regulatory pathways, resulting in high stability and biocompatibility ( 5 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Transcription factor AP-2β regulates genes that are involved in development before birth. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Some of these variants prevent the protein from binding to DNA, while other variants render it unable to regulate the activity of other genes. (medlineplus.gov)
  • TP53 activates the expression of genes involved in apoptosis, cell cycle regulation (p21), and MDM2. (medscape.com)
  • Scholars@Duke publication: Inhibition of Isoprenylcysteine Carboxylmethyltransferase Induces Cell-Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis through p21 and p21-Regulated BNIP3 Induction in Pancreatic Cancer. (duke.edu)
  • KEGG enrichment analysis showed that FO mainly regulates PI3K-AKT- and apoptosis-related signals, in which BBC3, DDIT3, NOXA, and CDKN1A on the surface serve as the novel targets of FO inducing HCC cell apoptosis. (hindawi.com)
  • The result implied that FO might exacerbate HCC cell apoptosis by regulating BBC3, DDIT3, CDKN1A, and NOXA signals. (hindawi.com)
  • Cinasa de señalización intracelular que interviene en la regulación de la APOPTOSIS. (bvsalud.org)
  • The morphological and functional changes of platelets require a drastic remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton regulated by numerous actin-binding proteins and signaling molecules such as the family of Rho-GTPases. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • These marker proteins are known to be tumor suppressors and regulate the cell cycle mainly through two pathways (p16Ink4a-RB and p53-p21CIP1). (dojindo.com)
  • This gene encodes a family member of serine/threonine p21-activating kinases, known as PAK proteins. (antikoerper-online.de)
  • There is a superfamily of ras p21/ras p21-like small GTP-binding proteins (small G proteins) with GTPase activity. (nii.ac.jp)
  • Among these regulatory proteins, we have cloned the cDNAs of smg p21 GDS, smg p25A GDI, and rho GDI, and made monoclonal antibodies against them. (nii.ac.jp)
  • In active state binds to a variety of effector proteins to regulate cellular responses, such as secretory processes, phagocytose of apoptotic cells and epithelial cell polarization. (lu.se)
  • Regulated by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFS) which promote the exchange of bound GDP for free GTP, GTPase activating proteins (gaps) which increase the GTP hydrolysis activity, and GDP dissociation inhibitors which inhibit the dissociation of the nucleotide from the GTPase. (lu.se)
  • E3 ubiquitin ligases regulate cellular protein composition by providing target recognition and specificity to the ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal degradation pathway 12 . (nature.com)
  • At the molecular level, Cul3 regulates cytoskeletal and adhesion protein abundance in mouse embryos. (nature.com)
  • p16, p21, p53, and pRB (phosphorylated retinoblastoma protein) are known as representative protein markers. (dojindo.com)
  • We have found that the C-terminal systeine residues of smg p21B, rhoA p21, and smg p25A are geranylgeranylated, and that these prenylation are essential for each small G protein to bind to membranes. (nii.ac.jp)
  • NF-kB activity is normally regulated via the inhibitor kB protein. (medscape.com)
  • Calcineurin, a phosphatase enzyme, negatively regulates CDK4 by dephosphorylating Thr172. (rndsystems.com)
  • Furthermore, we found that Pls3 cell-autonomously regulates cell migration by regulating actin cytoskeleton organization, and its levels are inversely proportional to neural migration speed. (nature.com)
  • However, we found that the Cdkn1a gene was up-regulated in both tissues. (ed.ac.uk)
  • Common detection indicators for assessing cellular senescence include features related to cell cycle progression (DNA synthesis, p16/p21 expression, etc.), features related to morphology (of the cell, nucleus, nucleolus, etc. (dojindo.com)
  • Involvement of p21 was confirmed with siRNA knockdown and over expression experiments. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Knockdown of p21 with siRNA technology attenuated Zyflamend-induced growth inhibition. (biomedcentral.com)
  • c-Met was down-regulated by the knockdown of GGCT in cancer cells and its overexpression attenuated the dephosphorylation of RB and cell cycle arrest induced by the knockdown of GGCT in lung cancer A549 cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • The simultaneous knockdown of AMPK and GGCT restored the down-regulated expression of c-Met, and attenuated the dephosphorylation of STAT3 and MEK-ERK-RB induced by the knockdown of GGCT in PC3 cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • We found that NFκB-mediated p21 activation controls DNA damage-induced myeloid differentiation. (psu.edu)
  • We have found that the levels of smg p21 mRNA increase in hematopoietic leukemiae cells after their differentiation into hematopoietic cells. (nii.ac.jp)
  • In order to understand the role of this unexpected regulatory event, we ablated the NFκB binding site we identified in the p21 promoter, using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing. (psu.edu)
  • MicroRNA (miRNA) molecules, a series of single-stranded non-coding RNA chains measuring 20-25 nucleotides in length, regulate gene expression at the transcriptional level by complementary pairing with target gene mRNA ( 5 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Met(5)]-enkephalin) and the OGF receptor (OGFr) form an endogenous growth-regulating pathway in homeostasis and neoplasia. (nih.gov)
  • Our results uncover a p53-independent pathway for p21 activation involved in controlling hematopoietic cell fate. (psu.edu)
  • Activation of p21 or p16 therefore causes cell cycle arrest. (medscape.com)
  • CWR22Rv1 cells, a castrate-resistant prostate cancer cell line, were treated with Zyflamend and the expression of class I and II histone deacetylases, along with their downstream target the tumor suppressor gene p21, was investigated. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Zyflamend down-regulated the expression of all class I and II histone deacetylases where Chinese goldthread and baikal skullcap (two of its components) appear to be primarily responsible for these results. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In addition, Zyflamend up regulated the histone acetyl transferase complex CBP/p300, potentially contributing to the increase in histone 3 acetylation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Expression of the tumor suppressor gene p21, a known downstream target of histone deacetylases and CBP/p300, was increased by Zyflamend treatment and the effect on p21 was, in part, mediated through Erk1/2. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The variant histone H2A.Z regulates gene transcription, and deletion of the gene encoding H2A.Z strongly increases the requirement for SNF/SWI and SAGA. (sdbonline.org)
  • Finally, we found that PAK3 regulated EMT-related molecule expression and EMT-related TGF-β/smad signaling pathway. (jcancer.org)
  • These results describe a novel pathway for regulating transcription using variant histones to modulate chromatin structure (Santisteban, 2000). (sdbonline.org)
  • These results suggest that smg p21 and smg p25A can be used as potential tumor markers for tumors derived from hematopoietic and neural tissues, respectively. (nii.ac.jp)
  • Char syndrome, an inherited disorder with patent ductus arteriosus, maps to chromosome 6p12-p21. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The 3′UTR-binding sequence site of miR-128-5p on the p21 gene was predicted and assessed by luciferase assays. (hindawi.com)
  • KRAS and YAP1 converge on the transcription factor FOS and activate a transcriptional program involved in regulating the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). (nih.gov)
  • In astrocytes the OGD enhanced the nuclear translocation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1), the major transcription factor regulating EPO expression. (jneurosci.org)
  • A Translational Repression Complex in Developing Mammalian Neural Stem Cells that Regulates Neuronal Specification. (sfu.ca)
  • Yang D, Yuan J, Liu G, Ling Z, Zeng H, Chen Y, Zhang Y, She Q, Zhou X. Angiotensin Receptor Blockers and Statins Could Alleviate Atrial Fibrosis via Regulating Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/Rac1 /Nuclear Factor-Kappa B Axis. (medsci.org)
  • HGFA Is an Injury-Regulated Systemic Factor that Induces the Transition of Stem Cells into GAlert. (sfu.ca)
  • Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), synthesized and secreted by human hepatocytes, is the primary regulator of insulin and serves an important function in regulating the growth and development of the body ( 8 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Overall 5-year survival is approximately 50%, and treatment consists of en bloc surgical resection followed by high-dose conformal radiation therapy (RT) such as proton beam radiation. (medscape.com)
  • At the molecular level, we found that Cul3 controls neuronal migration by tightly regulating the amount of Plastin3 (Pls3), a previously unrecognized player of neural migration. (nature.com)
  • Here, we show that Cul3 is required during brain development to regulate neuronal migration and thus precisely assemble the cerebral cortex. (nature.com)
  • High expression of PAK3 enhances the invasion of HCC and regulates EMT, suggesting that PAK3 may be a potential target for the treatment of HCC. (jcancer.org)