Regulates oxidative cell cycle. Medical search. Frequent questions

Akt pathways have effects on apoptosis, protein synthesis, metabolism and cell cycle. (springer.com)
Crypt hyperplasia in GCC-/- mice was associated with compensatory increases in cell migration and apoptosis. (jefferson.edu)
Resveratrol could play a toxic role through inducing apoptosis of the cancer cell in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. (mdpi.com)
Thus FOXO1 regulates cell-stress resistance and cell longevity but can also promote cell apoptosis (14). (immune-source.com)
induces growth arrest or apoptosis depending on the physiological circumstances and cell type. (lsbio.com)
LincRNA-p21 participates in TP53-dependent transcriptional repression leading to apoptosis and seem to have to effect on cell-cycle regulation. (lsbio.com)
Increasing evidence indicates that EBV miRNAs target the host mRNAs involved in cell proliferation, apoptosis and transformation. (ijbs.com)
JAM3 knockdown additionally inhibited trophoblast proliferation and increased the number of trophoblasts in the sub-G1 and G2/M phases, indicating cell-cycle disturbance and apoptosis. (bioone.org)
Up-regulation of caspases was linked to cell survival and not, as expected, to apoptosis. (bvsalud.org)
Cell cycle analysis revealed an accumulation of HCEC in the G1 -phase as first response to oxidative stress and increased S-phase population and then apoptosis as second response following caspase inhibition. (bvsalud.org)
This led to the accumulation of cells in the G2 /M-phase and decreased apoptosis. (bvsalud.org)
Of note, an increased carbohydrate uptake and/or induction of death receptors of cancer cells was exploited to develop glycoconjugates that potentially induce cellular stress, ROS and apoptosis. (degruyter.com)
Progression to malignancy is associated with the expression of viral proteins whose primary function is to drive virus replication by regulating cell proliferation, apoptosis and the recognition of infected cells by the immune system. (ki.se)
This indolamine advances apoptosis, which arrests the cell cycle and regulates metabolic activity. (explorationpub.com)
Many laboratories have focused on the functions of the clock genes and proteins that are involved in cellular activities, including cell survival, cell cycle regulation, proliferation, apoptosis, DNA damage repair, and tumor promotion or suppression [ 5 , 6 ]. (explorationpub.com)
Melatonin has oncostatic properties that are mediated by induction of apoptosis, arresting the cell cycle, regulation of metabolic activity, and the inhibition of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) activity [ 9 ]. (explorationpub.com)
MST3 is present in human placenta, where it plays an essential role in the oxidative stress-induced apoptosis of trophoblasts in normal spontaneous delivery. (umbc.edu)
In a study published in Cell and Bioscience , apigenin was reported to suppress various human cancers in vitro and in vivo by multiple biological effects, such as triggering cell apoptosis and autophagy , inducing cell cycle arrest, suppressing cell migration and invasion and stimulating an immune response. (cures.news)
A study published in Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology found that crocetin affects the growth of cancer cells by inhibiting nucleic acid synthesis , enhancing the anti-oxidative system, inducing apoptosis and hindering growth signaling pathways. (cures.news)
In a study published in Food Science & Nutrition , fisetin as a polyphenol with pleiotropic pharmacological properties was found to prevent progression in cell cycle and cell growth and induce apoptosis. (cures.news)
A study published in Advances in Nutrition indicated that genistein acts as a chemotherapeutic agent against different types of cancer, mainly by altering apoptosis , the cell cycle and angiogenesis and inhibiting metastasis. (cures.news)
Compound 51 inhibited the proliferation of 13 out of 15 cancer cell lines with IC50 values between 0.27 and 6.9 muM, which correlated with the complete suppression of retinoblastoma phosphorylation and the onset of apoptosis. (proteopedia.org)
Inhibition of DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit by small molecule inhibitor NU7026 sensitizes human leukemic K562 cells to benzene metabolite-induced apoptosis. (cdc.gov)
Taken together, the findings reveal a central role of DNA-PKcs in hydroquinone-induced hematotoxicity in which it coordinates DNA DSB repair, cell cycle progression, and apoptosis to regulate the response to hydroquinone-induced DNA damage. (cdc.gov)

Mechanisms involved in the Randle Cycle include allosteric control, reversible phosphorylation and the expression of key enzymes. (wikipedia.org)
In cells, there are two pathways to supply energy, named glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation. (databasefootball.com)
In this study, we found that exposure to PM 2.5 could change energy metabolic phenotype from more effective oxidative phosphorylation to less-effective glycolysis. (databasefootball.com)
The metabolites in the TCA cycle (e.g. succinate, malate) were found down-regulated, which indicated that the precursors for oxidative phosphorylation were reduced. (databasefootball.com)
PKC activates Bay 65-1942 several mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades resulting in the phosphorylation and activation of p38 cJun N-terminal kinases (JNK) and extracellular-signal regulated kinases (ERK) (29). (immune-source.com)
GSEA analysis found STARD12 and STARD14 were associated with glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation and tumor related signaling pathways. (medsci.org)
Here we show that glutaminolysis is the major pathway fuelling the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in T-cell receptor-stimulated naïve, as well as memory CD4, subsets and is required for optimal HIV-1 infection. (gla.ac.uk)
Gilkerson, R. W., Selker, J. M. L. & Capaldi, R. A. The cristal membrane of mitochondria is the principal site of oxidative phosphorylation. (nature.com)
A study published in Molecules indicated that kaempferol exerts its anti-cancer activity by preventing cell migration and invasion, inhibiting MMP-3 protein, downregulating AKT phosphorylation and increasing the focal adhesion kinase (FAK) activity. (cures.news)
regulates homologous recombination-dependent repair by phosphorylating BRCA2, this phosphorylation is low in S phase when recombination is active, but increases as cells progress towards mitosis. (proteopedia.org)
CTNNB1 phosphorylation regulates insulin internalization. (proteopedia.org)
Cdk phosphorylation triggers sequential intramolecular interactions that progressively block Rb functions as cells move through G1. (proteopedia.org)

KYQG exhibited the therapeutic effects on oral ulcers probably by inhibiting inflammation, regulating immunological response, and suppressing oxidative stress through a complex multi-pathways network. (biomedcentral.com)

CYP26B1 belongs to the large cytochrome P450 (P450, CYP) superfamily of heme-containing proteins that catalyze a variety of oxidative reactions of a large number of structurally different endogenous and exogenous compounds in organisms from all major domains of life. (nih.gov)
We have learned that genes in mammalian cells are transcribed into messenger RNAs (mRNAs), which are to be translated into polypeptides (proteins). (intechopen.com)
Caspases, p21(WAF1) and Î³-H2AX were identified as JNK-regulated proteins. (bvsalud.org)
We study the mechanism by which EBV proteins expressed in malignant cells modify the cellular environment and regulate the interaction of the infected cells with the host immune system. (ki.se)
Three Epstein-Barr virus latency proteins independently promote genomic instability by inducing DNA damage, inhibiting DNA repair and inactivating cell cycle checkpoints. (ki.se)
Protein biosynthesis is the formation of new proteins in cells and thus the process of gene expression, which is of central importance for all living things. (previtalica.com)
During this process (e.g. in the brain cells, blood vessel cells, liver cells, etc.) proteins are built up from amino acids according to genetic information. (previtalica.com)
Such proteins regulate cell cycle and DNA stability. (fapesp.br)
Chromosome association of minichromosome maintenance proteins in Drosophila mitotic cycles. (colorado.edu)

MAPK pathways refer to various cellular functions, including cell proliferation, differentiation and migration. (springer.com)
Recently, signaling by GCC and its downstream effector, cyclic GMP (cGMP) has emerged as a principal regulator of proliferation in human colon cancer cells. (jefferson.edu)
These observations suggest that GCC signaling may regulate the renewal of the intestinal epithelium by restricting the proliferating compartment and promoting the transition from proliferation to differentiation along the crypt to villus axis. (jefferson.edu)
In close agreement, induction of GCC signaling in mucosal sheets ex vivo and intestinal cells in vitro inhibited proliferation by activating cGMP-dependent protein kinase and delaying the cell cycle at the G1/S transition. (jefferson.edu)
Separately, deletion of GCC increased tumor growth by releasing a restriction on the cell cycle normally constraining epithelial cell proliferation. (jefferson.edu)
The atherosclerotic process is accelerated by a myriad of factors, such as the release of inflammatory chemokines and cytokines, the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), growth factors, and the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. (hindawi.com)
Gene expression must be appropriately maintained to regulate development, differentiation, and proliferation of cells. (intechopen.com)
Most cancer cells undergo metabolic reprogramming that support their survival and proliferation. (degruyter.com)
Genotoxic damage causes robust alterations to pathways associated with B cell activation and increased proliferation, suggesting that genotoxic damage initiates not only the normal B cell maturation processes but also mimics activated B cell response to antigenic agents. (biomedcentral.com)
By acting as a Trojan horse for cell invasion, viruses have taught us many of the basic principles that regulate cell proliferation, differentiation and death. (ki.se)
The anti-cancer activities of ginger against colorectal cancer have been well documented with its active component gingerol inhibiting the growth and proliferation of colorectal cancer cells. (cures.news)
Crucial role in orchestrating a fine balance between cellular proliferation, cell death, and DNA repair in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). (proteopedia.org)
In response to mito- pendence between the key mecha- gens, cell proliferation is triggered by nistic characteristics. (who.int)
H - Ras cell proliferation are also linked with haematopoietic cel s. (who.int)

Oxidative stress, caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS), is a major contributor to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)-associated neoplasia. (bvsalud.org)
Organisms in all three superkingdoms of life have developed elaborate mechanisms to protect against such oxidative damage and to exploit reactive oxygen species as sensors and signals in myriad processes. (usda.gov)
Treatment with NU7026 did not alter the production of reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress by hydroquinone but repressed the protein level of DNA-PKcs and blocked the induction of the kinase mRNA and protein expression by hydroquinone. (cdc.gov)
Stem cell properties can be impaired by reactive oxygen species (ROS), prompting us to examine the importance of scavenging ROS for stem cell-based tissue regeneration. (biomedcentral.com)

These peptides regulate many cellular processes, including the cell cycle, gene expression (protein synthesis), or the response to oxidative stress. (previtalica.com)

Atherosclerosis starts with dysfunctional changes in the endothelium induced by disturbed shear stress which can lead to endothelial and platelet activation, adhesion of monocytes on the activated endothelium, and differentiation into proinflammatory macrophages, which increase the uptake of oxidized LDL (oxLDL) and turn into foam cells, exacerbating the inflammatory signalling. (hindawi.com)
Comparing these transcriptional responses provides a greater understanding of the mechanisms cells use in the differentiation between types of DNA damage and the potential consequences of different sources of damage. (biomedcentral.com)
It may cause cell cycle arrest , cell differentiation processes and changes in redox status, which trigger the cytotoxic chemotherapeutic effects. (cures.news)
Stem cells derived from human dental tissues with properties of self-renewal, multilineage differentiation and immunomodulation have been intensively investigated for stem cell-based regenerative medicine [ 1 , 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

NF-κB pathways are associated with immunity, inflammation and cell survival. (springer.com)
Therefore, with the aim to summarize the current knowledge on the initiation of the atherosclerotic process, in this paper, we review the early markers of atherosclerosis and we address the main therapeutic targets for preventing atheroma formation at its very initial stages focusing on inflammation, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, and the interaction between platelets and endothelium. (hindawi.com)
Until now, oxidative stress and inflammation were regarded as the most accepted mechanism to PM 2.5 -induced toxicity. (databasefootball.com)
The biological indices determination also showed that oxidative stress and inflammation played important roles in energy metabolism disorder. (databasefootball.com)
In summary, the PM 2.5 exposure caused the metabolic reprogramming and mitochondrial dysfunction by perturbing purine metabolism, arginine and proline metabolism, glutathione metabolism, TCA cycle, and glycolysis caused by oxidative stress and inflammation. (databasefootball.com)
Our data indicated that a total of 47 key targets were screened, which mainly involved in three function modules including the inhibition of inflammation, the regulation of immunological response, and the suppression of oxidative stress. (biomedcentral.com)
Failure to execute these regulatory responses causes cell damage and inflammation or senescence, compromising cell survival and the ability to adapt to energetically demanding conditions. (nature.com)
CNT in biochemical models and in cells yielding the products engineered CNT represent a possible health risk due to their that did not cause pulmonary inflammation in mice [14]. (cdc.gov)

In addition, cardiac markers of aging-induced damage, including radical oxidative species levels, mitochondrial metabolic activity, mitochondrial calcium buffer capacity, and estrogenic signaling functions, were also modulated by the compound. (hindawi.com)
In addition, some pathways that are typically altered during cardiac aging-induced damage, including the generation of radical oxidative species, the mitochondrial metabolic activity, the modulation of the mitochondrial calcium buffering capacity, and the regulation of estradiol and estrogen-regulated gene expression, were investigated [ 20 - 22 ]. (hindawi.com)
On one hand, the release of TNF-α could increase the expression of iNOS to generate nitric oxide in cells, and the accumulation of nitric oxide could compete with oxygen to reduce mitochondrial respiration. (databasefootball.com)
Moreover, HIV-1 infection is significantly higher in CD4 T cells selected on the basis of high mitochondrial biomass and OXPHOS activity. (gla.ac.uk)
Mitochondrial energetic adaptations encompass a plethora of conserved processes that maintain cell and organismal fitness and survival in the changing environment by adjusting the respiratory capacity of mitochondria. (nature.com)
A Syntenic Cross Species Aneuploidy Genetic Screen Links RCAN1 Expression to β-Cell Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetes. (lu.se)

This cycle adds a nutrient-mediated fine tuning on top of the more coarse hormonal control on fuel metabolism. (wikipedia.org)
Purine metabolism and glutathione metabolism have been reported to be closely related with oxidative stress. (databasefootball.com)
According to day and night cycles, it controls our physiological behaviour and metabolism, synthesizes molecules and hormones, and regulates our sleep patterns and appetite. (clariant.com)
The susceptibility of CD4 T cells to human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) infection is regulated by glucose and glutamine metabolism, but the relative contributions of these nutrients to infection are not known. (gla.ac.uk)
This indicates the intricate control of metabolism and redox balance for survival of cancer cells that can be targeted by therapeutic agents. (degruyter.com)
Improved cell metabolism prolongs photoreceptor survival upon retinal-pigmented epithelium loss in the sodium iodate induced model of geographic atrophy. (umassmed.edu)
Scientists working in basic, translational, and clinical cancer metabolism research are invited to join the Academy in New York on April 17th to discuss the intersection between cell signaling and metabolism. (nyas.org)
Cancer Cell Metabolism: Unique Features Inform New Therapeutic Opportunities. (nyas.org)
Autophagy helps maintain cellular health and function because it is the body's way of supporting healthy cell metabolism. (tlsslim.com)
Members in the MYB TFs have been shown to be involved in controlling plant improvement, metabolism, cell cycle, cell wall biosynthesis, cell fate, and a Moveltipril supplier biotic and biotic tension responses [33]. (itkinhibitor.com)
Loss of the metabolism and sleep regulating neuronal populations expressing orexin and oxytocin in the hypothalamus in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. (lu.se)

For this purpose, a cellular model of senescent myocardial cells was set up and evaluated using colorimetric, fluorimetric, and immunometric techniques. (hindawi.com)
Relevant cellular senescence markers, such as X-gal staining, cell cycle regulator levels, and the percentage of cell cycle-arrested cells, were found to be reduced in the presence of naringenin. (hindawi.com)
Because aging has been demonstrated to be directly related to the occurrence of cardiac disorders, together, the data have prompted us to investigate the effects of Nar in a cellular model of aged myocardial cells. (hindawi.com)
Various cellular senescence hallmarks (the percentage of X-gal staining cells, the mRNA levels of the p16 and p21 cell cycle regulators, and the percentage of cell cycle-arrested cells) were investigated. (hindawi.com)
Cellular stressors such as nutrient deprivation oxidative stress DNA damage or endoplasmic reticulum stress have been shown to activate FOXO1 (7-9). (immune-source.com)
Over the years, characterization and functional studies have revealed the complexity of ROS as signaling molecules that regulate various physiological cellular responses or whose levels are altered in various diseases. (degruyter.com)
Redirection of glutamine to cellular energetics destabilizes glutathione homeostasis in glioblastoma cells and other cancer cells [ 9 ]. (degruyter.com)
Melatonin can disrupt estrogen-mediated cellular pathways, ensuing in a lattice drop of estrogenic stimulus to the breast cancer cells. (explorationpub.com)
Non-reversible oxidative modifications (oxidative damage) may contribute to molecular, cellular, and organismal aging and serve as signals for repair, removal, or programmed cell death. (usda.gov)
The tripod of ingredients delivered in GlutaQ (quercetin, reduced glutathione and beet root) work in unison and may help support the immune system by encouraging a youthful cell cycle to help maintain cellular health and function. (tlsslim.com)
We have previously reported that exposure of workers to benzene and to benzene metabolite hydroquinone in cultured cells induced DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs) to mediate the cellular response to DNA double strand break (DSB) caused by DNA-damaging metabolites. (cdc.gov)
These novel changes induced by WNV may serve as of 173 cellular genes were identified by ArrayTools to be biomarkers and help explain the neuropathologic features differentially expressed in the WNV-infected A172 cells. (cdc.gov)

In the human uterus during endometrial decidualization FOXO1 expression is significantly increased leading to FOXO1 upregulation of p57Kip2 a cell cycle inhibitor and repression of several other genes important for cell cycle progression (16). (immune-source.com)
Prevents CDK7 kinase activity when associated to CAK complex in response to DNA damage, thus stopping cell cycle progression. (lsbio.com)
It is a catalytic subunit of the protein kinase complex that is important for cell cycle G1 phase progression. (thermofisher.com)
MST3 phosphorylates the STK NDR and may play a role in cell cycle progression and cell morphology. (umbc.edu)
Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are serine/threonine protein kinases that act as key regulatory elements in cell cycle progression. (proteopedia.org)

In response FOXO1 modulates genes associated with autophagy cell cycle and DNA repair (9-13). (immune-source.com)
STARD12 co-expressed genes participated in cell cycle and DNA replication, and STARD14 were enriched in ECM-receptor interaction. (medsci.org)
In addition, STARD12/14 could regulate the ferroptosis related genes. (medsci.org)
Involved in cell cycle regulation as a trans-activator that acts to negatively regulate cell division by controlling a set of genes required for this process. (lsbio.com)
The CDKN2A/B locus contains genes encoding cell cycle inhibitors, including p16 Ink4a , which have not yet been implicated in the control of hepatic glucose homeostasis. (diabetesjournals.org)
Thioredoxin reductases (3 genes) use NADPH to reduce oxidized thioredoxin and its homologs, which regulate a plethora of redox signaling events. (usda.gov)
Other genes that have been associated with Hashimoto's disease help regulate the immune system or are involved in normal thyroid function. (medlineplus.gov)

In this review, we studied on the effects and molecular mechanisms of Rhizoma coptidis on NF-κB/MAPK/PI3K-Akt/AMPK/ERS and oxidative stress pathways. (springer.com)
Here, the role of GCC in regulating normal enterocyte dynamics along the crypt-villus axis and the corruption of those mechanisms in tumorigenesis were explored. (jefferson.edu)
Molecular mechanisms of the initiation of transcription from TATA box have been well known as the most essential nuclear events in mammalian cells. (intechopen.com)
In this review we deal in the molecular mechanisms, the epigenetic effects and modulation of the oxidative stress pathway of ketogenic diets, that underlie its possible role, in the treatment of infantile gliomas, as a complementary approach to conventional cancer therapy. (frontiersin.org)
Inspired by the work of the 2017 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, awarded for discoveries on how molecular mechanisms control the circadian rhythm, Clariant Active Ingredients and its partner, BioSpectrum, have further advanced the knowledge of both the biological responses to this critical cycle and what occurs when it is disrupted. (clariant.com)
These adaptive molecular and structural mechanisms increase respiration to maintain basic processes specific to cell types and tissues. (nature.com)
They have no mechanisms of interaction with cells from other tissues. (previtalica.com)
Mechanisms of cells were found to be a useful laboratory model for inves- tigating WNV infections. (cdc.gov)
These changes may be useful as potential biomarkers and and infected cells by using the RNeasy Mini kit and elucidate novel mechanisms behind the neuropathology of QIAshredder (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany). (cdc.gov)
Biopersistence of carbon nanotubes (CNT) - resulting from their (neutrophils), - involved in the principal defense mechanisms of inherent durability [1,2] is one the major stumbling blocks on the innate immunity -was also effective in oxidative biodegradation of way of their broad biomedical applications. (cdc.gov)

In living organisms, if the temperature exceeds the normal range (thermo-neutral zone), it disturbs the normal physiological functioning and induces cell injury. (frontiersin.org)

Evidence presented in this review implicated that Rhizoma coptidis exerted beneficial effects on various diseases by regulation of NF-κB/MAPK/PI3K-Akt/AMPK/ERS and oxidative stress pathways, which support the clinical application of Rhizoma coptidis and offer references for future researches. (springer.com)
Oxidative stress pathways are caused by the imbalance of oxidation and antioxidation in body. (springer.com)
Oxidative stress pathways regulate redox balance by Nrf2 and other ways. (springer.com)
In this review, we sorted out the relationship of Rhizoma coptidis among components, diseases and NF-κB/MAPK/PI3K/Akt/AMPK/ERS/oxidative stress pathways, systematically studying on how Rhizoma coptidis exerts beneficial effects to various diseases, which supported the clinical application of Rhizoma coptidis and provided references for the future researches. (springer.com)
Schematic overview of the disturbed metabolic pathways in BEAS-2B cells upon PM2.5 exposure. (databasefootball.com)
Interestingly, we found the change of TCA cycle and glycolysis were also influenced by other pathways. (databasefootball.com)
It is one of the most important detoxification pathways in the body and is also regulated by the circadian rhythm. (clariant.com)
High abundance of glucose in the cytoplasm of a cancer cell also increases flux into other metabolic pathways such as hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) [ 7 ]. (degruyter.com)

Skin cells also have an efficient detoxification mechanism called the Nrf2 pathway to eliminate free radicals. (clariant.com)
By stopping the build-up of free radicals that leads to oxidative stress, the skin can stay fresh and free from wrinkling. (geniusbeauty.com)
Studies suggest that their ability to regulate free radicals encourages cell health by promoting normal cell cycle activity. (tlsslim.com)

The Randle cycle is a biochemical mechanism involving the competition between glucose and fatty acids for their oxidation and uptake in muscle and adipose tissue. (wikipedia.org)

Because aging has been demonstrated to be directly related to the occurrence of cardiac disorders, in the present study, the ability of naringenin to prevent cardiac cell senescence was investigated. (hindawi.com)
To the best of our knowledge, the effect of Nar in cardiac cell senescence has not yet been studied. (hindawi.com)
Cyclin E/CDK2 prevents oxidative stress-mediated Ras-induced senescence by phosphorylating MYC. (proteopedia.org)

Gonadotropin synthesis and secretion are primarily regulated by gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) but other hormones such as steroids activin follistatin and inhibin also modulate gonadotropin production (26). (immune-source.com)

STARD14 was negatively associated with the infiltration of CD8+T cells, while positively with CCL28 and immune checkpoints, including CTLA4 as well as PD-L2. (medsci.org)
EBV miRNAs also inhibit the expression of viral antigens, thereby enabling infected cells to escape immune recognition. (ijbs.com)
Intriguingly, EBV miRNAs directly suppress host antiviral immunity by interfering with antigen presentation and immune cell activation. (ijbs.com)
EBV can not be completely cleared once entry into the host cells and ultimately establishes life-long latent infection in host, indicating that EBV has developed elaborate strategies to evade host immune surveillance [ 4 ]. (ijbs.com)
This auto regulation and sensing has a significant impact on how efficiently the cell generates energy and supports the immune, endocrine and nervous systems. (tlsslim.com)
5) Because glutathione, known as the master antioxidant in the body, is heavily concentrated in tissues such as the liver, lungs, heart, and skeletal muscle, it plays a role in supporting immune function and protection against oxidative stress. (tlsslim.com)
The immunomodulatory effects of enzymatic and bacterial produced HMOS, 2'FL and 3FL, were studied in a coculture model combining the crosstalk between human intestinal epithelial cells and immune cells, which is critical in mucosal immune development. (mdpi.com)
The interruption of the critical functions these cells provide, such as oxygen uptake, nutrient absorption, and immune defense, provides ideal conditions for harmful pathogens to gain access to the animal. (alltech.com)
At 7wk, HF-fed animals exhibited several immune alterations (blood leukocyte/neutrophil number, lymph node B-cell proportionality)-effects which were more pronounced in SD rats. (cdc.gov)

In that context, differentiated enterocytes in villi exhibit higher guanylin expression and ligand-dependent cGMP accumulation compared to proliferating progenitor cells in crypts. (jefferson.edu)
Crypt expansion reflected hyperplasia of the proliferating compartment with reciprocal increases in rapidly cycling progenitor cells and reductions in differentiated cells of the secretory lineage, including Paneth and goblet, but not enteroendocrine, cells. (jefferson.edu)
Glioblastomas are intrinsic brain tumors believed to originate from neuroglial stem or progenitor cells. (frontiersin.org)
Hafler B.P., Surzenko N., Beier K.T., Punzo C ., Trimarchi J.M., Kong J.H., Cepko C.L. (2012) Transcription factor Olig2 defines subpopulations of retinal progenitor cells biased toward specific cell fates. (umassmed.edu)

Consequently, ROS-modulation has emerged as an anticancer strategy with synthesis of various ROS-inducing or responsive agents that target cancer cells. (degruyter.com)
The environmental light-dark cycle is the potent regulator of melatonin synthesis. (explorationpub.com)
The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus receives photoperiodic information and regulates the synthesis and secretion of melatonin through a complex neural connection [ 2 , 3 ]. (explorationpub.com)
Optimal protein synthesis in the cells of the brain, blood vessels and liver is essential for the normal function of these organs. (previtalica.com)
Unfortunately, with age, but also due to the long-term effects of many harmful factors on the body (physical or psychological stress, pollution, illness, poor diet, etc.), the intensity of protein synthesis in cells decreases significantly. (previtalica.com)
activated by interaction with cyclin E during the early stages of DNA synthesis to permit G1-S transition, and subsequently activated by cyclin A2 (cyclin A1 in germ cells) during the late stages of DNA replication to drive the transition from S phase to mitosis, the G2 phase. (proteopedia.org)

While primarily regulated by the brain, skin cells also possess their own circadian rhythm governing major biological responses which are known to follow this 24-hour clock. (clariant.com)
These genome wide transcriptional responses are very tightly regulated and complex. (biomedcentral.com)
In Arabidopsis, the MYB30 transcription factor is involved in heat and oxidative stress responses by means of calcium signaling [35]. (itkinhibitor.com)

The Randle cycle, also known as the glucose fatty-acid cycle, is a metabolic process involving the competition of glucose and fatty acids for substrates. (wikipedia.org)
The glucose fatty acid cycle is also observed in the fed state after a high-fat meal or during exercise. (wikipedia.org)
Cancer cells also enhance glucose-uptake to fuel these enhanced metabolic activities [ 2 ]. (degruyter.com)

Daneshpajooh M, Bacos K, Bysani M, Bagge A, Ottosson Laakso E, Vikman P, Eliasson L, Mulder H, Ling C. HDAC7 is overexpressed in human diabetic islets and impairs insulin secretion in rat islets and clonal beta cells. (lu.se)

Our results provide direct evidence for the participation of MPO - one of the key-orchestrators of inflammatory response - in the in vivo pulmonary oxidative biodegradation of SWCNT and suggest new ways to control the biopersistence of nanomaterials through genetic or pharmacological manipulations. (cdc.gov)

Junctional adhesion molecule 3 (JAM3) is involved in epithelial cell junction, cell polarity, and motility. (bioone.org)
Our main virus model is EBV, a lymphotropic herpes virus that is associated with lymphoid and epithelial cell malignancies including Burkitt's lymphoma (BL), nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), immunoblastic lymphoma (IL) and Hodgkin's disease (HD). (ki.se)

RA is a critical signaling molecule that regulates gene transcription and the cell cycle. (nih.gov)

The following illustration depicts the cell structures of the skeletal muscle. (medscape.com)
Skeletal muscle consists of fibers (cells). (medscape.com)
Skeletal muscle is actually formed by the fusion of hundreds of embryonic cells. (medscape.com)

1, 2) Glutathione, an important molecule naturally produced in the liver and various tissues throughout the body, acts as the cells' natural garbage man by helping to identify toxins within the body's cells and converting them so they can be metabolised and expelled from the body. (tlsslim.com)

Both quercetin and glutathione may assist in healthy cell development by supplying energy to the cells. (tlsslim.com)
The properties of quercetin and glutathione may play a significant role in promoting healthy cell function by assisting our cells in combatting oxidative stress. (tlsslim.com)

In the pituitary the gonadotropin hormones luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) are produced exclusively in gonadotrope cells (19-21). (immune-source.com)
The thyroid makes hormones that help regulate a wide variety of critical body functions. (medlineplus.gov)
When too many thyroid cells become damaged or die, the thyroid can no longer make enough hormones to regulate body functions. (medlineplus.gov)

Atherosclerosis is a chronic vascular inflammatory disease associated to oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction. (hindawi.com)

Molecules marked in red represented the up-regulated metabolites and in green represented the down-regulated metabolites. (databasefootball.com)

The Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen-1 promotes telomere dysfunction via induction of oxidative stress. (ki.se)

A deneddylase encoded by Epstein-Barr virus promotes viral DNA replication by regulating the activity of cullin-RING ligases. (ki.se)

Melatonin primarily regulates steroidogenesis and shows anti-gonadal activity. (explorationpub.com)

When the cells' circadian rhythm is desynchronized and under too much stress, they become overwhelmed and the detoxification pathway becomes less efficient. (clariant.com)
Containing two key glycosylated flavonoids directly involved in circadian clock maintenance - carlinoside and isoschaftoside - B-Circadin emulates the ability to resynchronize the circadian cycle within the skin cells, to regulate rhythm-dependent biological functions such as aquaporin-3 and Nrf2 pathway detoxification efficacy. (clariant.com)

Furthermore, H 2 O 2 -induced oxidative stress reduced JAM3 expression in trophoblasts and cell culture supernatants. (bioone.org)

Thus, caspases execute a non-apoptotic function by promoting cells through G1 - and S-phase by overriding the G1 /S- and intra-S checkpoints despite DNA-damage. (bvsalud.org)

Its main task is to supply the cells of the central nervous system (brain) and the vascular system with missing tissue-specific peptides if necessary. (previtalica.com)

Given that OKSM (Yamanaka) factors convert somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, alterations in transcriptional state could affect destiny of the cells. (intechopen.com)
We conducted a glob- ing to prevent skew in the results due to bias in CyDye al transcriptional analysis of human glioblastoma cell incorporation. (cdc.gov)

In rats, CYP26B1 regulates sex-specific timing of meiotic initiation, independent of RA signaling. (nih.gov)

Store-operated channels regulate intracellular calcium in mammalian rods. (umassmed.edu)

Cell-cycle arrest was associated with the engagement of checkpoint kinase 2-cell division cycle 25C-cyclin-dependent kinase 1/cyclin B1 signaling. (bioone.org)

The circadian cycle regulating human skin also regulates the rhythm of certain plants, accounting for those leaves and flowers opening during daytime and closing at night. (clariant.com)
FOXO1 protein Bay 65-1942 has been recognized in murine and rat gonadotrope cells (30 33 While FOXO1 protein expression has not been characterized in human pituitary FOXO1 mRNA levels were found to be decreased seven fold in human null cell and gonadotrope pituitary tumors (34). (immune-source.com)
FOXO1 was also expressed in immortalized murine gonadotrope-derived cell lines: ?T3-1 cells which only express CGA and represent an immature gonadotrope lineage and in L?T2 cells which express CGA LHB and FSHB (30 33 35 36 In gonadotrope cells FOXO1 overexpression suppressed transcription of both human and rodent basal and GnRH stimulated Bay 65-1942 and (30-32). (immune-source.com)
Ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) inhibition transforms human mammary gland epithelial cells. (lsbio.com)
Papilloma viruses (HPV), hepatitis B- (HBV) and C-viruses (HCV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), Kaposi sarcoma virus (KSHV), human T-cell-leukemia virus (HTLV) may contribute to the pathogenesis of as much as 15-20% of all human cancers. (ki.se)
Compared to other dental stem cells, dental follicle stem cells (DFSCs) are mainly isolated from human dental follicles within the developing wisdom teeth germ, so their plasticity is much better with the advantages of easier clinical access and less ethical controversy [ 3 , 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

The body is regulated by a global circadian rhythm, or, 24-hour biological clock. (clariant.com)
New research is revealing that the side reactions of oxygen are used to convey important biological information as signals within and between cells. (usda.gov)
Biological peptides can only interact with cells in the tissue from which they originate. (previtalica.com)

To achieve this, cells of in vitro produced bovine embryos were traced from the 2-cell stage to the blastocyst stage. (bioone.org)
Although other irritants in the smoke may have contributed to the incident, there is supporting evidence that stable strontium can stimulate the release of histamine from mast cells in vitro (ATSDR 2001e). (cdc.gov)

exogenous α-KG promotes HIV-1 reverse transcription, rendering both naïve and memory cells more sensitive to infection. (gla.ac.uk)

A creatine-driven substrate cycle enhances energy expenditure and thermogenesis in beige fat. (nature.com)
The proper concentration of NAC enhances DFSC properties, especially osteogenesis, via PI3K/AKT/ROS signaling, and offers clinical potential for stem cell-based alveolar bone regeneration. (biomedcentral.com)

Two cell lineages are observed on the embryonic-abembryonic axis of the blastocyst: the inner cell mass and the trophectoderm. (bioone.org)
In mouse embryos, cells seem prepatterned to become certain cell lineage because the first cleavage plane has been related with further embryonic-abembryonic axis at the blastocyst stage. (bioone.org)
Blastocysts were then classified according to the allocation of the labeled cells in the embryonic and/or abembryonic part of the blastocyst. (bioone.org)

FOXO1 is also necessary for spermatogonial stem cell homeostasis and spermatogenesis in the testes (18). (immune-source.com)

When the external environment changed, cells may rewrite the energy metabolic phenotype to adapt to the new circumstances and suppress damage. (databasefootball.com)
Conversely, we found that oxidative stress led to caspase-dependent proteolytic degradation of the DNA-damage checkpoint protein ATM that is upstream of Î³-H2AX. (bvsalud.org)
These results suggest genotoxic damage may induce a unique cancer-prone phenotype and processes mimicking activated B cell response to antigenic agents, as well as the normal B cell maturation processes. (biomedcentral.com)
Failure to properly repair this damage can lead to detrimental health effects, such as uncontrolled cell death and cancer formation. (biomedcentral.com)
Below are 18 phytochemicals, or compounds, produced by plants that scientists believe can protect cells from damage that could lead to cancer, as studied in the research article published in Anti-cancer Agents in Medical Chemistry . (cures.news)
This process draws on tissue reserves of minerals and vitamins that are required to protect individual cells from damage. (alltech.com)

ROS-modulation in normal vs. cancer cell. (degruyter.com)

The ovaries are responsible for regulating reproduction and endocrine function. (mdpi.com)

A population of HCEC survived H2 O2 -induced oxidative stress via JNK-dependent cell cycle arrests. (bvsalud.org)

This mechanism replenishes the intermediates of the citric acid cycle. (wikipedia.org)

Anatomy24

Organisms12

Diseases4

Chemicals and Drugs114

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment21

Phenomena and Processes83

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Health Care2

Apoptosis24

Phosphorylation12

Suppressing oxidative stress1

Proteins9

Proliferation14

Reactive oxygen4

Response to oxidative stress1

Differentiation4

Inflammation8

Mitochondrial6

Metabolism11

Cellular12

Progression5

Genes7

Mechanisms10

Physiological1

Pathways8

Free radicals3

Oxidation1

Senescence3

Gonadotropin releasi1

Immune9

Progenitor cells4

Synthesis6

Responses3

Glucose3

Secretion1

Vivo1

Epithelial cell2

Signaling molecule1

Skeletal3

Toxins1

Glutathione2

Hormones3

Endothelial1

Molecules1

Dysfunction1

Replication1

Primarily1

Pathway2

Trophoblasts1

Checkpoints1

Vascular1

Transcriptional2

Rats1

Mammalian1

Arrest1

Human6

Biological3

Vitro2

Transcription1

Enhances2

Embryonic3

Homeostasis1

Damage6

Modulation1

Endocrine1

Arrests1

Citric acid1