Regulates flowering time genes. Medical search. Frequent questions

Genes encoding for these two proteins are conserved in most eukaryotes, and Arabidopsis thaliana genome presents one gene encoding for SWC4 and the two YAF9 homologs, YAF9A and YAF9B. (europa.eu)
Therefore, to understand the interplay between SWR1-C and NuA4-C in flowering time, we studied in detail the Arabidopsis SWC4 and YAF9 genes using a combination of molecular genetics, chromatin biology and biochemical approaches. (europa.eu)
Flower and seed development seems to be normal, suggesting that BdLFY regulates the fate of spikelet rather than floral meristem, as it counterpart in Arabidopsis. (conicet.gov.ar)
To date, much is known about candidate genes controlling flowering time in Arabidopsis thaliana . (biomedcentral.com)
Floral inducers including FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), FD, SUPPRESSOR OF CONSTANS 1 (SOC1), and LFEAY (LFY) activate the transcription of the majority of genes floral genes, promoting Arabidopsis bolting and flowering ( Johansson and Staiger, 2015 ). (frontiersin.org)
Here, we use a computational approach to perform genome-wide identification and analysis of 611 orthologues of the Arabidopsis thaliana flowering genes. (springer.com)
Our analysis indicated that on average each Arabidopsis flowering gene has two orthologous copies in quinoa. (springer.com)
One of the earliest discoveries was the identification of COOLAIR, an lncRNA that regulates the flowering time gene FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) in Arabidopsis thaliana. (mdpi.com)
The Evolutionary Dynamics of Genetic Incompatibilities Introduced by Duplicated Genes in Arabidopsis thaliana. (mpg.de)
What is photoperiodically regulated in Arabidopsis lyrata? (botany.one)
Two hundred and seventy-five genes in soybean and their homologs in Arabidopsis were screened within ± 500 kb of 7 peak SNPs in the corresponding QTN regions. (figshare.com)
In the past, Amasino and his group have identified genes regulating vernalization in a member of the cabbage family known as Arabidopsis. (wisc.edu)
Physiological experiments have been performed with diverse species, whereas studies mostly on Arabidopsis thaliana , a little flowering plant, have led to the development of current genetic models. (jabonline.in)
This review will focus on the four-floral inductive pathways which operate in Arabidopsis: Photoperiodic, autonomous, gibberellin promotion, and vernalization pathways and how in this network of pathways, different nodes signify a site of signal integration and how the pathways are integrated, leading to a co-ordinated initiation of flowering. (jabonline.in)
In this work, we identify Arabidopsis Cycling Dof Factor 3 (CDF3) as a key factor participating in abiotic stress responses and developmental processes like flowering time. (upm.es)
Model describing the role of CDF3 in flowering time and abiotic stress responses in Arabidopsis. (upm.es)
Here, we found that mutations in a novel Arabidopsis SUMO protease 1 (ASP1) resulted in a strong late-flowering phenotype under long-days, but to a lesser extent under short-days. (edu.sa)
The goal of research in the Fletcher Lab is to determine the molecular mechanisms that maintain Arabidopsis shoot and flower stem cell reservoirs, and to apply this knowledge to domesticating new crops such as pennycress that are more resistant to environmental change. (berkeley.edu)
The Arabidopsis CLAVATA3 (CLV3) gene encodes a small-secreted polypeptide that is expressed in the shoot and floral stem cells and perceived by several receptor complexes at the surface of the underlying cells. (berkeley.edu)
We have determined that most Arabidopsis tissues express multiple CLE genes in highly specific patterns, indicating that CLE-mediated signaling pathways are likely to play roles in many biological processes. (berkeley.edu)
Flowers of Arabidopsis thaliana , the plant used as a model to study the effect of UV-B rays on the induction of flowering. (eurekalert.org)
The mechanisms involved in flowering have been studied in the model species Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress), which flowers in Switzerland mainly in May, when the days get longer. (eurekalert.org)
In collaboration with researchers from the universities of Lausanne, Tübingen, and the Helmholtz Zentrum München in Neuherberg (Germany), the biologists have demonstrated that UV-B rays can potentially induce flowering of Arabidopsis throughout the year. (eurekalert.org)

Flowering time is the most studied developmental transition in plants and our molecular understanding of the genetic pathways regulating flowering time has explained the physiological characteristics that have intrigued biologists for over a century. (europa.eu)
RNA-Seq analysis revealed 105 flowering time-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that play roles in the circadian clock/photoperiod, autonomous pathway, and hormone and vernalization pathways. (biomedcentral.com)
Conservation of the genes belonging to the photoperiod, gibberellin and autonomous pathways was observed, while orthologues of the key genes found in the vernalisation pathway (FRI, FLC) were absent from the quinoa genome. (springer.com)
However, current knowledge of the molecular basis of quinoa flowering is limited and the details of flowering genes and associated pathways in quinoa remain elusive (Jarvis et al. (springer.com)
The flowering pathways of the model plant (Park et al. (springer.com)
Plant E2 Ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes regulate various biological pathways such as stress resistance, growth and development. (chinagene.cn)
Recent research has shed light on the hormone response pathways involved in the identification of sex-determining genes, specifically the cytokinin (CK) and ethylene response pathways. (beds.ac.uk)
Moreover, CDF3 regulates a set of genes, both in GIGANTEA-dependent and -independent pathways, involved in cellular osmoprotection, ROS homeostasis, and nitrogen/carbon metabolism, which are associated with changes in sugar and amino acid levels in stressed plants. (upm.es)
It is well known that autonomous and vernalization pathways repress transcription of FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC), a focal floral repressor, but how its protein stability is regulated remains largely unknown. (edu.sa)
Genetic and gene expression analyses demonstrated that ASP1 promotes transcription of positive regulators of flowering, such as FT, SOC1 and FD, and may function in both CO-dependent photoperiod pathway and FLC-dependent pathways. (edu.sa)
Intercellular signaling pathways convey cell fate information, regulate cell division and differentiation processes, and propagate and amplify specific signaling states. (berkeley.edu)

A complex interaction between the cleavage and polyadenylation molecular complex and cis -elements determine the polyadenylation site, which may result in the choice of non-canonical sites, resulting in alternative polyadenylation events, involved in the regulation of more than 80% of the genes expressed in plants. (frontiersin.org)
The GO and KEGG analyses carried out on the cis target gene of lncRNAs showed that the lncRNAs play an important role in the regulation of flowering spinach. (biomedcentral.com)
This study is the first report on identifying bolting and flowering-related lncRNAs based on transcriptome sequencing in spinach, which provides a useful resource for future functional genomics studies, genes expression researches, evaluating genes regulatory networks and molecular breeding programs in the regulation of the genetic mechanisms related to bolting in spinach. (biomedcentral.com)
To gain insight into the genetic regulation of Brachypodium inflorescence development and architecture, we characterized T-DNA insertional mutants with altered expression of inflorescence genes. (conicet.gov.ar)
To investigate the genetic architecture and genetic regulation of flowering time in this important crop, we conducted quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis of flowering time in a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population, including lines with extreme differences in flowering time, in six environments, along with RNA-Seq analysis. (biomedcentral.com)
We focused on DEGs related to the regulation of flowering time, especially DEGs in QTL regions. (biomedcentral.com)
Alterations in DNA methylation, lncRNAs and multiple genes may be involved in the regulation of FTLs . (nature.com)
Quinoa grows across a range of latitudes corresponding to differing day lengths, suggesting regional adaptations of flowering regulation. (springer.com)
The study of lncRNAs in plants is a relatively new area of research, but it has already revealed several important insights into their roles in gene regulation. (mdpi.com)
Most of the genes are involved in flowering, response to auxin stimulus, or regulation of seed germination, among others. (figshare.com)
WRKY75 which belong to WRKY transcription factors has shown multiple functions in plant development like regulation of Pi starvation responses and root development and flowering. (helsinki.fi)
The conserved Cys-577 in ASP1 is critical for its enzymatic activity, as well as its physiological function in the regulation of flowering time. (edu.sa)
Exploration of the problems will facilitate a knowledge of the extensive role of every gene in flowering period regulation and offer an efficient method to boost ecological adaptation. (rawveronica.com)

Earliness per se genes are those that regulate flowering time independently of vernalization and photoperiod, and are important for the. (cas.cz)
Vernalization, the requirement for a period of cold before flowering can take place, evolved multiple times in diverse plant families. (wisc.edu)
Scientists believe that vernalization allows plants to fill a new niche, one where they store up energy one year and flower quickly the next spring before they get shaded out or outcompeted by other plants. (wisc.edu)

The photoperiod is the period of time that a plant receives light each day. (botany.one)
Many genes and biochemical processes control how a plant responds to the photoperiod. (who.int)

Some of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) showed male bias, including serine/threonine-protein kinase ( STPK ), THUMP1 homolog and other genes. (beds.ac.uk)

Network analysis pinpointed several well-known flowering-related genes such as ELF , COL1 , FLT , and FPF1 and also some putative TFs like MYB, WRKY, GATA, and MADS-box that are important regulators of flowering in spinach and could be potential targets for lncRNAs. (biomedcentral.com)
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been identified as important regulators of gene expression in plants. (mdpi.com)
FLC and SVP Are Key Regulators of Flowering Time in the Biennial/Perennial Species Noccaea caerulescens. (mpg.de)
2013). Alternatively, manifestation can be inhibited by a genuine amount of adverse regulators, including (for (for (for alleles plays a part in variant in flowering period and plays a significant part in the local adaptation of grain (Komiya et al. (rawveronica.com)

In addition, a basic leucine zipper transcription factor, OsTGAP1, was identified as a key regulator of the coordinated expression of the clustered genes and the methylerythritol phosphate pathway genes. (go.jp)

Here we investigate the retention and spatio-temporal expression dynamics of duplicated genes predicted to regulate the floral transition in Brassica napus (oilseed rape, OSR). (jic.ac.uk)
In flowering plants, the transition from the vegetative stage to the reproductive stage helps to ensure reproductive success, including successful seed production [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
It has been demonstrated that the bolting and flowering signals from internal or external factors usually converge on a few integrator genes which serve as flowering inducers or repressors during floral transition. (frontiersin.org)
The transition from vegetative growth to flowering is a crucial developmental change for flowering plants. (nature.com)
However, further research is needed to understand the molecular mechanism regulating the transition from vegetative to reproductive growth of pineapple during forcing flowering. (nature.com)
For the occurrence of floral transition at an opportune time, these regulatory mechanisms integrate varied environmental cues with the endogenous physiological ones. (jabonline.in)
After discovering photoperiodic floral induction [ 1 ], many physiological studies have been carried on with the flowering transition. (jabonline.in)
The SAM occurs in two states, the incompetent state, unable to perceive signals of floral induction, and the competent state, capable of interpreting signals and leading to flowering transition. (jabonline.in)
This transition leads to alteration in gene expression and organ production. (jabonline.in)
Taken together, this study identified a novel bona fide SUMO protease, ASP1, which positively regulates transition to flowering at least partly by repressing FLC protein stability. (edu.sa)

The transcription of ALK1 , encoding a predominant cytochrome P450ALK, is regulated in response to n -alkanes by two basic helix-loop-helix transcription activators, Yas1p and Yas2p, and Opi1-family transcription repressor Yas3p. (go.jp)
2. Here, we tested whether late-flowering plants, with a longer vegetative lifespan, invest more in defence than early-flowering plants, using recombinant genotypes of the annual herb Cardamine hirsuta that differ in flowering time as a result of differences in the activity of the major floral repressor Flowering Locus C (FLC). (datadryad.org)
it encodes a transcriptional co-repressor that has been described to affect flower development. (ilvo.be)

A way to improve the drought tolerance of crops is to discover new genes and alleles that allow plants to continue to grow and maintain or increase grain yield under water-limited growing conditions. (biomedcentral.com)
Nonfunctional alleles of long-day suppressor genes independently regulate flowering time [J]. J Integr Plant Biol. (jipb.net)

OsSIDP366 , a DUF1644 gene, positively regulates responses to drought and salt stresses in rice [J]. J Integr Plant Biol. (jipb.net)

Transcriptome analysis shows that several floral development-related genes are affected by STM3 mutation. (nature.com)
Through APA, a single gene containing multiple PAS can generate a considerable number of transcript isoforms, thereby producing a highly diversified transcriptome ( Tian and Manley, 2013 ). (frontiersin.org)
Using a transcriptome time series in two tissues (leaf and shoot apex) across development we show that 67% of these retained flowering time genes are expressed. (jic.ac.uk)
However, the comparative transcriptome analysis of two spinach accessions with different bolting times identified genome-wide gene expression profiling and large-scale discovery of flowering-related genes from vegetative and reproductive leaves [ 13 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The LE and HE treatments induced drastic changes in transcriptome and DNA methylome, with LE inducing the initial response to flower induction and HE inducing the subsequent response. (nature.com)
Our data provided a landscape of the transcriptome and DNA methylome and revealed a candidate network that regulates flowering time in pineapple, which may promote further studies. (nature.com)
In this study, transcriptome sequencing with Illumina and Pacific BioSciences (PacBio) single-molecule real-time (SMRT) platforms were used to investigate gene expression differences between male and female T. fortunei plants. (beds.ac.uk)

Lettuce ( Lactuca sativa L.) is a leafy vegetable whose edible organs usually are leaf or stems, and thus high-temperature induced bolting followed by flower initiation is an undesirable trait in lettuce production. (frontiersin.org)
Bolting is characterized as the elongation of the floral stem, accompanied with the initiation of the flowering ( Pouteau and Albertini, 2009 ). (frontiersin.org)
However, our understanding of the molecular basis of flower initiation and development in quinoa is limited. (springer.com)
The time to flowering (DF), pod beginning (DPB), seed formation (DSF), and maturity initiation (DMI) in soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr) are important characteristics of growth stage traits (GSTs) in Chinese summer-sowing soybean, and are influenced by genetic as well as environmental factors. (figshare.com)
To better understand the molecular mechanism underlying the initiation times of GSTs, we investigated four GSTs of 309 diverse soybean accessions in six different environments and Best Linear Unbiased Prediction values. (figshare.com)
The initiation of flowering is tightly regulated by the endogenous and environment signals, which is crucial for the reproductive success of flowering plants. (edu.sa)

STM3 is expressed in both vegetative and reproductive meristematic tissues and in leaf primordia and leaves, indicative of its function in flowering time and inflorescence-branching development. (nature.com)
The utilitly of IPT over-expression for stress tolerance over a wide-range of production settings needs to be tested further, but this study shows the potential for the use of this gene in semi-arid production with consistant rainfall patterns or in areas with limited irrigation where water can be saved during early season growth and used during reproductive and maturation growth phases. (usda.gov)
however, if water deficit stress occurs at or after flowering (reproductive phase), there would not be a yield difference between IPT-transgenic and control cotton plants. (usda.gov)
Reproductive success in angiosperms has remained dependent on the evolution of elaborate mechanisms that guarantee the flowering to occur at a favorable time. (jabonline.in)
SAM's phase conversion to the reproductive stage is demonstrated by morphological changes accompanied by an alteration in gene expression [ 3 ]. (jabonline.in)

Many genes with functions in abiotic stress tolerance were identified, and overexpression of these genes confers increased drought tolerance in transgenic plants. (usda.gov)
Several floral integrator genes including LsCO , LsFT , and LsLFY were co-expressed with LsARF3 in the overexpression and knockout lettuce plants. (frontiersin.org)
Collectively, heterologous overexpression of GmUBC1 can regulate seed weights and amino acid contents, which may provide genetic resources for soybean quality improvement. (chinagene.cn)

We performed extensive functional characterization of diterpenoid phytoalexin biosynthetic genes in rice, and found that the genes for the biosynthesis of the major diterpenoid phytoalexins, phytocassanes and momilactones, are clustered on chromosomes 2 and 4, and that their expression is coordinately induced in rice cells after elicitation. (go.jp)
These NBPTs proved beneficial in the improvement of soybean through precision genome engineering and gene functional characterization. (cornous.com)
We want to understand the level of functional conservation of genes regulating flowering time in annual plants and the seasonal control of bud set, dormancy and bud break (phenology) in perennial trees. (embo.org)

The 3' regulatory regions have a great diversity of cis -regulatory elements directly involved in polyadenylation, stability, transport and mRNA translation, essential to achieve the desired levels of gene expression. (frontiersin.org)
Although a small number of 3' regulatory regions have been identified and validated so far, many studies have shown that plant 3' regulatory regions have a higher potential to regulate gene expression in plants compared to widely used 3' regulatory regions, such as NOS and OCS from Agrobacterium tumefaciens and 35S from cauliflower mosaic virus. (frontiersin.org)
In this review, we discuss the role of 3' regulatory regions in gene expression, and the superior potential that plant 3' regulatory regions have compared to NOS, OCS and 35S 3' regulatory regions. (frontiersin.org)
Phenotypic characterization and genetic analyses of loss-of function mutant lines revealed that AtSWC4 and AtYAF9 regulate flowering altering the expression of floral master genes. (europa.eu)
Molecular characterization and histone modifications analyses defined a novel regulatory mechanism of plant gene expression by H2AZ deposition. (europa.eu)
Spatio-temporal expression dynamics differ between homologues of flowering time genes in the allopolyploid Brassica napus. (jic.ac.uk)
Furthermore, between 64% (leaf) and 74% (shoot apex) of the retained gene homologues show diverged expression patterns relative to each other across development, suggesting neo- or subfunctionalization. (jic.ac.uk)
Such differences in the expression dynamics of duplicated genes highlight the challenges involved in translating gene regulatory networks from diploid model systems to more complex polyploid crop species. (jic.ac.uk)
To investigate further the function of the RGL genes, we examined the expression profiles of all 5 DELLA protein genes by real-time PCR. (nih.gov)
Interestingly, RGL2 expression is regulated not only at the transcript level. (nih.gov)
This result suggests that an early induction of IPT expression (before first flowering) is needed in order to realize the any yield benefits. (usda.gov)
Therefore, these results demonstrate that LsARF3 could promote lettuce bolting in response to the high temperature by directly or indirectly activating the expression of floral genes such as LsCO, which provides new insights into lettuce bolting in the context of ARFs signaling and heat response. (frontiersin.org)
Four ethylene receptors genes ( AcERS1b , AcERS1b , AcETR2a , and AcETR2b ) have been cloned, and expression analysis showed that AcERS1b , AcETR2a , and AcETR2b play key roles in pineapple flowering 13 . (nature.com)
Methods: To reveal the phenotype-associated cell type in the development of vulnerable plaque and to identify hub gene for pathological process, we combined single-cell RNA and bulk RNA sequencing datasets of human atherosclerotic plaques using Single-Cell Identification of Subpopulations with Bulk Sample Phenotype Correlation (Scissor) and Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). (bvsalud.org)
Weighted gene co-expression network analysis showed that Secreted Phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1) in the turquoise module was highly correlated with both the gene module and the clinical traits. (bvsalud.org)
However, the expression feature, gene functions, and molecular interactions of E2Fs in tumorigenesis are not clear. (bvsalud.org)
It was also found that hydrogen regulates the expression of plant blossom-related plant hormone receptor protein genes. (hiblisshydrogenwater.com)
Not only does it improve the plant's stress resistance, but studies have also found that hydrogen can regulate the expression of receptor protein genes of many plant hormones, including some plant hormones associated with disease resistance, such as salicylic acid and jasmonic acid. (hiblisshydrogenwater.com)
COOLAIR acts as a scaffold for the recruitment of chromatin-modifying enzymes that repress FLC expression, thereby delaying flowering until the appropriate environmental cues are present. (mdpi.com)
Over the course of hundreds of millions of years, the bodies of our ancestors (whose genes our still within our own) co-evolved with higher, flowering and fruiting plants, and the tens of thousands of phytocompounds (and informational molecules) they contain, many of which now regulate and maintain the expression and health of our genes . (oneradionetwork.com)
The expression pattern of GmUBC1 in different tissues of soybean and its response patterns to different stresses and hormone treatments were analyzed by real-time PCR. (chinagene.cn)
Moreover, the expression of the GmUBC1 gene was down-regulated by the treatments of PEG, cold, JA and ABA, respectively. (chinagene.cn)
revealed that consumption of bitter vetch tubers by rats significantly altered expression of hypothalamus genes involved in regulating metabolism. (designalyze.com)
Far-red light can also regulate leaf angle and increase plant height and leaf area, via expression of associated genes, to capture more light energy. (hollandhorticulture.co.uk)
Time-Ordered Gene Co-expression Network (TO-GCN) analysis revealed that MADS2 and MADS26 may play important roles in the development of female and male flowers T. fortune plants, respectively. (beds.ac.uk)
Intercellular signaling through the CLV3 pathway restricts stem cell accumulation by limiting the expression of the WOX family transcription factor gene WUSCHEL (WUS), which in turn promotes stem cell fate and directly activates CLV3 transcription. (berkeley.edu)
Real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to quantify the expression of KNOX, WUSCHEL, YABBY3, LEAFY, ASYMMETRIC LEAVES , and GIBBERELLIN OXIDASE genes in expanding and fully expanded rosette leaf laminas of the wild type and ron2 and lug mutants. (ilvo.be)
Exposure to light in SDPs causes the expression of the CONSTANS (CO) gene, and the CO protein causes the expression of the FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), a gene that encourages flowering. (who.int)
The FT gene's expression is encouraged by GI's interaction with the protein ZEITLUPE (ZTL), which also encourages flowering. (who.int)

In addition to these promotion-flowering genes, TERMINATING FLOWER ( TMF ) encodes an ALOG family protein and affects inflorescence organization in tomato. (nature.com)
The isopentenyltransferase gene (IPT) that encodes a rate limiting enzyme in cytokinin biosynthesis is one of them. (usda.gov)
FLOWERING LOCUS T ( FT ) encodes a mobile signal long described as "florigen", which functions as a central floral integrator in the control of flowering [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
ULT1 encodes a SAND domain putative transcriptional regulator that restricts stem cell accumulation and operates as a critical timing component of a pathway that terminates stem cell fate during flower formation. (berkeley.edu)

Furthermore, Exogenous application of IAA failed to rescue the late-bolting and -flowering phenotype of lsarf3 mutants. (frontiersin.org)

Over the past several decades, many genes have been used in efforts to genetically improve drought tolerance in plant, yet very few were successfully employed in real world conditions and today, no drought-stress specific engineered commercial products are available. (usda.gov)
Cytokinin regulates and delays plant senescence and we have shown in previous laboratory studies that altered cytokinin production results in drought stress tolerance. (usda.gov)
We conducted studys in Texas and Arizona, two significantly different production environments and found that the timing of drought stress is critical for IPT-transgenic cotton to display its yield advantage over non-transgenic control plants. (usda.gov)
This finding is a step-forward in understanding the function of these loci and identifying candidate genes to accelerate positional cloning of yield QTL in wheat under drought. (biomedcentral.com)
The Panax ginseng PgTIP1 gene confers enhanced salt and drought tolerance to transgenic soybean plants by maintaining homeostasis of water, salt ions and ROS. (cornous.com)

The comprehensive understanding of the fundamentals of flowering time obtained in this project will allow enhancement of crop performance by modulating flowering time trait at the molecular level and will thus be of great value to address the problems of food security that our society will be facing with the postulated global climate changes ahead. (europa.eu)
The results presented here will be helpful to understand the molecular basis of Brachypodium inflorescence development and even to elucidate master genes responsible for the high diversity of inflorescences observed in grasses. (conicet.gov.ar)
However, the molecular mechanism that controls lettuce bolting and flowering upon thermal treatments is largely unknown. (frontiersin.org)
It is time to empower your green thumb with molecular hydrogen. (hiblisshydrogenwater.com)

The dose-dependent induction of FLOWERING LOCUS T-like genes ( FTLs ) may have contributed to dose-dependent flowering induction in pineapple by ethylene. (nature.com)
The physiological analysis and dissection of floral induction were made by introducing an experimental system based on the understanding that an external controllable stimulus can cause flowering when applied to a specific plant. (jabonline.in)
The induction of flowering is of major importance from an ecological and agronomic point of view. (eurekalert.org)
Flowering induction by UV-B has been discovered in mutant plants devoid of RUP2. (eurekalert.org)

Floral integrator genes such as FT , SOC1 , and AGL24 , converge various cues and activate the floral identity genes (e.g. (nature.com)

While a few important genes for tomato inflorescence-branching development have been identified, the regulatory mechanism underlying inflorescence branching is still unclear. (nature.com)
Eukaryotes have a mechanism termed alternative polyadenylation (APA), which allows the selective use of PAS in genes containing multiple PAS. (frontiersin.org)
The mechanism of ethylene-induced flowering is still unclear. (nature.com)
The orange, after all, looks like a miniature sun, is formed as a condensation of energy and information from sunlight, and therefore is capable of storing, and after being eaten, irradiating us with life-giving packets of information-dense gene-regulating nutrition, by a mechanism that will never be fully reducible to or intelligible by the chemical skeleton we know of as ascorbic acid. (oneradionetwork.com)
The creation and movement of the hormone florigen, which starts blooming in response to photoperiodic signals, is a crucial regulating mechanism. (who.int)

In some species, the hormone gibberellin (GA) also aids in the promotion of flowering. (who.int)

Higher plants exhibit various inflorescence architectures progressing in complexity from a solitary flower to complex structures that contain multiple branches and flowers. (nature.com)
The evolution of plants has resulted in a wide range of complexity, from the earliest algal mats, through multicellular marine and freshwater green algae, terrestrial bryophytes, lycopods and ferns, to the complex gymnosperms and angiosperms (flowering plants) of today. (wikipedia.org)
for example, the ascendance of flowering plants over gymnosperms in terrestrial environments. (wikipedia.org)
This may have set the scene for the appearance of the flowering plants in the Triassic (~200 million years ago), and their later diversification in the Cretaceous and Paleogene. (wikipedia.org)
Polyadenylation is essential for the stability of the transcript, preventing the mRNA from being the target of posttranscriptional gene silencing (PTGS) via RNA-dependent RNA polymerase 6 (RDR6) in plants ( Luo and Chen, 2007 ). (frontiersin.org)
A stronger delayed in flowering time was observed in BdRCN mutants, since the transitional state in this mutants correspond to completely developed flowers in wild type plants. (conicet.gov.ar)
We examined the effect of engineering cotton plants to express a gene involved in the biosynthesis of the plant hormone, cytokinin. (usda.gov)
When water deficit stress occured before flowering (vegetative phase), the IPT-transgenic cotton plants had higher yields compared to non-engineered plants. (usda.gov)
However, when stress was applied during flowering or fiber development, no yield advantage was detected between engineered and non-engineered plants. (usda.gov)
It was found that the timing of water deficit stress is critical for IPT-transgenic cotton to display its yield advantage over control plants (i.e. wild-type and segregated non-transgenic plants). (usda.gov)
The ethylene level of plants were increased and the GA 3 level were decreased during first 24 hours after flowering forcing using ethephon, coupling with the upregulation of GA2ox1 and PI 17 . (nature.com)
It has been observed that hydrogen water treatment regulates the flowering time of roses and other plants. (hiblisshydrogenwater.com)
For instance, plants that flower later have a longer vegetative lifespan, and may accordingly defend themselves differently than those that flower earlier. (datadryad.org)
3. We found that variation at FLC was mainly responsible for regulating flowering time and allocation to reproduction, but this partially depended on where the plants grew. (datadryad.org)
We also found that variation at FLC mediated plant allocation to defence, with late-flowering plants producing higher levels of total glucosinolates and stress-related phytohormones. (datadryad.org)
WRKY transcription factors is known as one of the largest transcription factor family in plants which regulates a variety of plants processes. (helsinki.fi)
Carrots, beets and many other plants won't flower until they've gone through winter. (wisc.edu)
The extended cold gives them the signal to flower quickly once spring arrives, providing the plants an edge in the race to produce seeds. (wisc.edu)
In most plants, a protein called florigen induces flowering during the lengthening days of spring and summer. (wisc.edu)
Floral inductive signals induce the transformation of SAM into a floral meristem, and plants' flowering time could be affected by growing them in varying day lengths such as shortening day length by shading or increasing the day length by incandescent light bulbs [ 5 ]. (jabonline.in)
Other SD variety Maryland Mammoth was obtained from generally day-neutral (DN) tobacco (plants flowering at their own particular time irrespective of day length). (jabonline.in)
Chailakhyan [ 7 ] revealed that in Perilla frutescens and Chrysanthemum , grafting of induced leaves (donor) on recipient non-induced plants results in the recipient's early flowering. (jabonline.in)
Many plants display a so-called photoperiodic flowering, which depends on changes in the length of days and, therefore, seasonal changes. (eurekalert.org)
The perception of the length of the day by these plants is essential to control the onset of flowering in natural ecosystems and to ensure successful reproduction. (eurekalert.org)
Roman Ulm, Professor at the Department of Botany and Plant Biology of the UNIGE Faculty of Science, investigates how plants integrate this information to control flowering. (eurekalert.org)

day to flowering was chosen as our interesting trait. (biomedcentral.com)
Optimum flowering time is a key agronomic trait in Brassica napus . (biomedcentral.com)
Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis and genome-wide associated mapping (GWAS) have been used to identify candidate flowering time genes in oilseed rape. (biomedcentral.com)
Interestingly, half of the QTN regions overlapped with previously reported quantitative trait loci or well-known soybean growth period genes. (figshare.com)

Through single-nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) identification, 28 genes were considered as potential sex-associated SNPs. (beds.ac.uk)

Although some key flowering responsive genes have been identified in spinach, non-coding RNA molecules like long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) were not investigated yet. (biomedcentral.com)
ncRNAs with more than 200 nucleotides are considered as lncRNAs, which originate from intronic and exonic regions of protein-coding genes in both sense and antisense strands, as well as from the intergenic regions [ 21 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Abstract Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a malignant tumor triggered by the accumulation of multiple gene mutations in oral epithelial cells. (techscience.com)
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a disorder of bone fragility chiefly caused by mutations in the COL1A1 and COL1A2 genes, which encode type I procollagen. (medscape.com)
Additional genes have been discovered in which mutations can also cause brittle bones. (medscape.com)

We identified 45 flowering time-related genes in these QTL regions, eight of which are DEGs, including key flowering time genes PSEUDO RESPONSE REGULATOR 7 ( PRR7 ) and FY (located in a major QTL region on C02). (biomedcentral.com)

Putative zeatin O -glucosyltransferase OscZOG1 regulates root and shoot development and formation of agronomic traits in rice [J]. J Integr Plant Biol. (jipb.net)
The pleiotropic ABNORMAL FLOWER AND DWARF1 affects plant height, floral development and grain yield in rice [J]. J Integr Plant Biol. (jipb.net)
Jasmonic acid carboxyl methyltransferase regulates development and herbivory-induced defense response in rice [J]. J Integr Plant Biol. (jipb.net)
Combinations of Hd2 and Hd4 genes determine rice adaptability to Heilongjiang Province, northern limit of China [J]. J Integr Plant Biol. (jipb.net)
Because of the remarkable adaptability to various environments, rice varieties with diverse flowering times have been domesticated or improved from and and are major genes that generally regulate rice flowering time for all varieties, while and only regulate regional rice varieties. (rawveronica.com)
2013). Optimal flowering Amsilarotene (TAC-101) time is an important breeding objective, which enables rice to adapt to seasonal changes and make maximum use of temperature and sunlight resources (Izawa 2007). (rawveronica.com)
Detailed knowledge of the genetic factors that control rice flowering time will increase our understanding of the adaptive mechanisms in cultivated rice and enable breeders to design appropriate genotypes for distinct preferences (Putterill et al. (rawveronica.com)
2004). Recent advances in flowering time research in rice Amsilarotene (TAC-101) have identified a more complex and unique flowering pathway compared with that of ((((suppresses flowering in long\day (LD) conditions, Vegfc but activates it in short\day (SD) conditions (Yano et al. (rawveronica.com)
For the four nuclear loci, the varieties\wide levels of variation in polymorphic sites varied from 12 (and coding regions in cultivars of rice Wild types, which are the type of first accession in sequence alignment, are represented by dashes and variations that would lead genes to be nonfunctional … The entire Amsilarotene (TAC-101) coding region (2028 bp) was sequenced in the 154 varieties. (rawveronica.com)

However, when the days lengthen, photoreceptors present in the leaves induce such a production of FT proteins that flowering starts despite the presence of RUP2. (eurekalert.org)

The plant uses this physiological response to time-critical developmental events like flowering. (who.int)

A team from the University of Geneva (UNIGE) has discovered that UV-B can be a powerful inducer of flowering, but that a protein called RUP2 blocks their action to prevent early flowering. (eurekalert.org)
Regardless of the season, UV-B can stimulate the production of a flowering hormone, the FT protein, which migrates into the meristem - the tissue that ensures the plant's growth - and reprograms it to enter the flowering phase. (eurekalert.org)

SHOOTMERISTEMLESS was expressed in wild-type leaves and down-regulated in the mutants. (ilvo.be)
2004). The rotunda2 mutants identify a role for the LEUNIG gene in vegetative leaf morphogenesis . (ilvo.be)

The SRDX domain act as a dominant negative regulator to suppress WRKY75 target genes. (helsinki.fi)

Stomata are specialized leaf epidermal cells which regulate photosynthetic CO 2 uptake and water loss by transpiration. (biomedcentral.com)

Based on these results, we formed a hypothesis that gene redundancy could influence genetic characterization of WRKY75. (helsinki.fi)

We show that flowering time genes are preferentially retained relative to other genes in the OSR genome. (jic.ac.uk)

In addition, FALSIFLORA ( FA ), the tomato ortholog LEAFY , controls flowering time and floral meristem identity. (nature.com)
A case study of homologues of the shoot meristem identity gene TFL1 reveals differences in cis-regulatory elements that could explain this divergence. (jic.ac.uk)

Spinach is a beneficial annual vegetable species and sensitive to the bolting or early flowering, which causes a large reduction in quality and productivity. (biomedcentral.com)

Both male and female flowers of T. fortunei originate as bisexual flowers, and selective abortion occurs during floral development. (beds.ac.uk)
A total of 159 genes were differentially expressed between male and female flowers at all development stages. (beds.ac.uk)
These findings provide a genetic basis for flower development and differentiation in T. fortunei, and improve our understanding of the mechanisms underlying sexual differentiation in T. fortunei . (beds.ac.uk)
the higher concentration of IAA, ABA, and ZR is thought to facilitate the development and maturity of female flowers [ 5 ]. (beds.ac.uk)
Conversely, cytokinin dehydrogenase 6 ( CKX6 ) was found to be up-regulated in male flowers of T. fortunei , suggesting that a lower concentration of CK is more conducive to male flower development [ 6 ]. (beds.ac.uk)
Floral MADS-box genes are well known for their significant role in flower development [ 8 ]. (beds.ac.uk)
This work is published in the journal Genes & Development . (eurekalert.org)
The PhD will investigate several important environmental issues from a societal perspective but at the same time model decisions by farmers on their use of agricultural land, and generate findings relevant for sustainable development and formulating policy. (lu.se)

2013). Nevertheless, how the organic variant of the loci can be connected with Amsilarotene (TAC-101) flowering amount of time in grain accessions remains unfamiliar. (rawveronica.com)

Overcoming such checkpoints enables SAM to transform into floral meristem to produce flowers, and this transformation is induced by intrinsic and extrinsic stimuli that generate floral signals. (jabonline.in)

Photoperiodism refers to a plant's capacity to detect variations in day length and make use of this knowledge to control key developmental processes including flowering, growth, and dormancy. (who.int)

The jointless ( j ) mutant produces indeterminate inflorescences that revert to vegetative growth after the production of two or three flowers 16 , 17 . (nature.com)
The GA-deficient mutant ga1-3 is a nongerminating, extreme dwarf that flowers late and produces male-sterile flowers. (nih.gov)
The results showed that the gene was expressed at the highest level in mutant seeds at 40 days after flowering. (chinagene.cn)

This changing balance over the seasons allows the implementation of a photoperiodic flowering, with RUP2 as the central actor. (eurekalert.org)

These results indicate that the differences in these two traits are either pleiotropic effects of a single gene or the effect of closely linked genes. (cas.cz)
4. Synthesis - Our results highlight pleiotropic effects associated with flowering-time genes that might influence plant defence and plant-herbivore interactions. (datadryad.org)

A series of regulatory genes that have received much attention makes major contributions to inflorescence architecture in tomato by changing the inflorescence-branching pattern. (nature.com)

We have demonstrated that ULT1 acts as a trithorax Group (trxG) factor that regulates the chromatin conformation of large numbers of target gene loci. (berkeley.edu)

Genetic engineering methods i.e. gene silencing and transgenesis have reduced many risks and helped to increase soybean resilience. (cornous.com)
CRISPR/Cas9-mediated targeted mutagenesis of GmSPL9 genes alters plant architecture in soybean. (cornous.com)
E2 (Glyma10g36600), a gene with a known function in regulating flowering and maturity in soybean, is also found on this chromosome. (figshare.com)

Transcription of the genes involved in fatty acid utilization and peroxisome biogenesis is controlled by Ctf1-family Zn 2 Cys 6 type transcription factor Por1p in response to fatty acids in Y. lipolytica . (go.jp)

In future research, these new lines can be used to test transcript levels for putative WRKY75 target genes. (helsinki.fi)

Ethylene-induced flowering is dose dependent, with a critical threshold level of ethylene response factors needed to trigger flowering. (nature.com)

ne tuning of flowering time and for the wide adaptation of wheat to different environments. (cas.cz)

Anatomy12

Organisms22

Chemicals and Drugs17

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment5

Phenomena and Processes39

Disciplines and Occupations2

Technology, Industry, Agriculture8

Information Science4

Health Care3

Arabidopsis23

Pathways11

Regulation13

Vernalization3

Photoperiod2

Differentially expressed genes1

Regulators4

Pathway genes1

Transition10

Repressor3

Alleles2

Positively regulates1

Transcriptome7

Initiation6

Reproductive5

Overexpression3

Functional3

Expression29

Encodes4

Phenotype1

Drought5

Molecular4

Induction4

Integrator1

Mechanism5

Gibberellin1

Plants25

Trait4

SNPs1

LncRNAs2

Mutations3

DEGs1

Rice9

Proteins1

Physiological1

Protein2

Mutants2

REGULATOR1

Leaf1

Characterization1

Genome1

Meristem identity2

Productivity1

Development8

Accessions1

Signals1

Developmental processes1

Mutant3

Photoperiodic1

Pleiotropic2

Regulatory1

Loci1

Soybean3

Transcription factor1

Putative1

Ethylene response1

Environments1