Regulates encodes cell cycle checkpoint gene. Medical search. Frequent questions

It is our hypothesis that these mutations can affect the Tuberin/CycB1 interaction and result in dysregulation of cell proliferation and cell size. (uwindsor.ca)
Having a better understanding of how specific changes in this large protein alters fundamental cell biology such as cell proliferation and cell size can ultimately help to effectively treat patients with these specific mutations. (uwindsor.ca)
Potential synergistic effects of various combinations including these compounds were tested by measuring cancer cell proliferation and apoptosis. (frontiersin.org)
Combined treatment with selumetinib and a dose of palbociclib sufficient to reinforce G1 arrest in selumetinib-sensitive cells, but not to impair proliferation of resistant cells, delays the emergence of resistant colonies, meaning that escape from G1 arrest is critical in the formation of resistant clones. (babraham.ac.uk)
studies confirmed as a novel and essential mediator of cell proliferation through dysregulation of cell cycle checkpoints. (2011globalhealth.org)
Interpretation We identified as becoming amplified and overexpressed in poor prognosis HGSOC analyses and shown that is a novel and essential oncogene in HGSOC which mediates proliferation through dysregulation of cell cycle checkpoints like a potential novel driver of HGSOC. (2011globalhealth.org)
We confirmed the prognostic capacity of in multiple self-employed datasets and studies showed the essentiality of this protein in regulating cell proliferation and survival. (2011globalhealth.org)
Importantly, we validated that mediates cell proliferation through dysregulation of cell cycle checkpoints in ovarian malignancy. (2011globalhealth.org)
A vast amount of research exists on the possible molecular mechanisms through which vitamin D affects cancer cell proliferation, cancer progression, angiogenesis, and inflammation. (mdpi.com)
High expression of RAD18 facilitated a highly stem-cell phenotype through the Hippo/YAP pathway, which supports the proliferation of TNBC. (nature.com)
In addition, compared to the mono-treatment, combination of Polo-like kinase 1 inhibition with anti-mitotic or DNA damaging agents boosts more severe mitotic defects, effectually triggers apoptosis and strongly inhibits proliferation of cancer cells with functional p53. (oncotarget.com)
PD-1 expression by cancer cells blocks the proliferation of T-cells. (shu.edu)
P15 INK4 is a cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor that blocks the activity of Cyclind-CDK4,6, inhibiting it from hypophosphorylating Rb, thereby, rendering the cell cycle unresponsive to external proliferation signals. (shu.edu)
Inactivation of tumor suppressor genes, whose products normally provide negative control of cell proliferation, contributes to malignant transformation in various cell types. (medscape.com)
CIN can promote selective advantage to cancer cells by increasing the probability of novel chromosomal abnormalities, which can change the expression profile of the genes regulating cell division and differentiation, resulting in high proliferation rates [ 3 ] [ 4 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
These CIN mechanisms and their signatures can be largely found in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), a heterogeneous disease characterized by abnormal proliferation and accumulation of myeloid precursor cells in the bone marrow [ 13 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
Many factors are involved in causing and permitting the unregulated proliferation of cells that occurs in cancer. (msdmanuals.com)
Overview of Cancer Cancer is an unregulated proliferation of cells. (msdmanuals.com)

In different types of cancer, a variety of epigenetic mechanisms can be perturbed, such as the silencing of tumor suppressor genes and activation of oncogenes by altered CpG island methylation patterns, histone modifications, and dysregulation of DNA binding proteins. (wikipedia.org)
Transcripts found in unfertilized oocytes also encoded a large number of proteins implicated in cell adherence, tight junction and focal adhesion, suggesting high complexity in terms of structure and cellular interactions in embryos prior to midblastula transition (MBT). (biomedcentral.com)
The oocyte is loaded with maternal mRNAs and proteins that control the cell maintenance and fate and the formation of the body plan prior to the onset of zygotic genome expression [ 3 , 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Cyclins are a group of proteins that play a key role in the control and regulation of the cell cycle. (iiarjournals.org)
Several genetic alterations have been described in SCCHN, including mutations in the p53 tumor suppressor gene and mutations in genes that encode cell cycle proteins such as p16 and cyclin D1. (oncotarget.com)
6, 7 BRCA1 interacts with a variety of proteins and is involved in multiple cellular processes including DNA repair, transcription, and checkpoint control. (bmj.com)
8- 10 In attempts to identify new breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility genes, much research has focused on BRCA1 associated proteins. (bmj.com)
11 Both proteins possess an N-terminal RING finger motif and two BRCA1 C-terminal (BRCT) domains present in numerous proteins involved in DNA repair and cell cycle regulation. (bmj.com)
By getting together with mobile proteins, infections can start using a accurate amount of systems to subvert the cell routine (5, 6). (brinda.info)
Influenza A infections inside the grouped family members include a single-stranded, negative-sense, segmented RNA genome comprising eight sections of viral RNA (vRNA) encoding 11 to 13 known proteins (12C14). (brinda.info)
The main element features of NS1 proteins consist of regulating viral proteins synthesis through mRNA splicing and translation (17C19), interfering with sponsor restriction elements (20C22), and inhibiting the antiviral type 1 interferon (IFN) response (23C25). (brinda.info)
In this scholarly study, we produced a practical influenza A pathogen (H1N1) lacking the complete NS1 gene to be able to research the function of the proteins in cell routine regulation. (brinda.info)
Furthermore, we discovered that the NS1 proteins of avian influenza pathogen (H5N1) may also lower RhoA manifestation and activity, recommending AZ6102 how the H5N1 pathogen might utilize the same system to arrest the cell routine. (brinda.info)
These viral proteins also interact with other several cellular factors and lead to revoke normal cell cycle checkpoint stand cell death mechanisms 13 . (bvsalud.org)
The origin recognition complex (ORC) is a group of proteins involved with every cell division event in our cells. (cshl.edu)
Mutations in the genes that encode these proteins can result in disease. (cshl.edu)
In the mammalian genome, this group of proteins assembles at tens of thousands of sites all at once, ensuring each chromosome is copied precisely once per cell division. (cshl.edu)
T-antigen hijacks other proteins from the infected cell to replicate the virus genome. (cshl.edu)
Over the next few decades researchers would use SV40 replication to discover dozens of cellular proteins that are necessary for human cell genome replication. (cshl.edu)
The ORC complex proteins are kept near each other in liquid compartments in the nucleus and recruit proteins such as CDC6 and other proteins that control when to commit the cell to divide. (cshl.edu)
When the ORC1 protein binds to DNA, it recruits CDC6, a protein that regulates and recruits other proteins, to a liquid phase and completes the ORC ring. (cshl.edu)
Not only are ORC proteins involved in DNA replication, but they also help divide the chromosomes equally into the two new cells. (cshl.edu)
The proteins involved in homologous recombination have to work around other processes that go on inside the nucleus, such as the transcription of DNA in genes into RNA molecules. (elifesciences.org)
4 While proteins can be phosphorylated on nine amino acids, serine, threonine and tyrosine phosphorylation are by far the most predominant in eukaryotic cells. (ac.be)
Like Rb protein, many of the proteins encoded by tumor suppressor genes act at specific points in the cell cycle. (medscape.com)
Cell lysates had been resolved by SDS-PAGE, and proteins had been electro transferred to polyvinylidene fluoride membranes (Millipore, USA). (rockinhibitor.com)

Heterozygous mutation of Trp53 decreases p53 and results in attenuated apoptosis and G1-S checkpoint control, allowing Brca1Delta11/Delta11 cells to proliferate. (nih.gov)
Transcriptomics analyses showed pathways related to TCR signaling, cytotoxicity and oxidative phosphorylation were significantly enriched in Tet lo found in both regressing and progressing tumors compared with Tet hi , whereas genes related to DNA damage, apoptosis and autophagy were downregulated. (bmj.com)
Growing knowledge regarding molecules that control the cell cycle and apoptosis is expected to contribute to the identification of new therapy targets. (iiarjournals.org)
EPCs from human umbilical cord and adult peripheral blood activate different mechanisms upon high-dose x-ray radiation treatment: CB-EPCs undergo p53 stabilization, Bax-dependent apoptosis and p21-dependent G 1 and G 2 /M cell cycle checkpoints, while PB-EPCs undergo only radiation-induced senescence [ 13 ], indicating unique gene expression patterns in EPCs of different sources. (biomedcentral.com)
Beginning after completion of hair morphogenesis (postnatal day 14 in the mouse), hair growth cycles commence with catagen, an involution process of the hair follicle during which the majority of its epithelial compartments undergo apoptosis [ 1 ]. (aging-us.com)
Treating SCCHN cell lines with a pan-Aurora kinase inhibitor resulted in defective cytokinesis, polyploidy and apoptosis, which was effective irrespective of the EGFR status. (oncotarget.com)
Our results demonstrate that combined targeting of EGFR and Aurora kinases represents a therapeutic means to activate cell cycle checkpoints and apoptosis in SCCHN. (oncotarget.com)
Upon treatment with Plk1 inhibitors, p53 in tumor cells is activated and induces strong apoptosis, whereas tumor cells with inactive p53 arrest in mitosis with DNA damage. (oncotarget.com)
The encoded protein plays a role in many cellular processes including cell cycle progression, DNA repair and apoptosis by regulating the activity of protein phosphatase 1. (nih.gov)
The TP53 gene is also capable of stimulating apoptosis of cells containing damaged DNA. (medscape.com)
TP53 activates the expression of genes involved in apoptosis, cell cycle regulation (p21), and MDM2. (medscape.com)
On the other hand, extreme levels of CIN could lead to decreased cell fitness or apoptosis [ 9 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)

The disturbance of epigenetic processes in cancers, can lead to a loss of expression of genes that occurs about 10 times more frequently by transcription silencing (caused by epigenetic promoter hypermethylation of CpG islands) than by mutations. (wikipedia.org)
Multiple mutations affecting embryonic development have been induced by chemical and insertional mutagenesis resulting in the identification of genes with important roles in development in Drosophila [ 23 - 25 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
About 8% of cases are hereditary, and approximately half of these are associated with germline mutations of the breast tumor suppressor gene BRCA1 (refs. (nih.gov)
Mutations and gene amplifications that confer drug resistance emerge frequently during chemotherapy, but their mechanism and timing are poorly understood. (babraham.ac.uk)
Melanoma in particular exhibits a high incidence of activating BRAF and NRAS mutations and such cells are addicted to the activity of these mutant oncoproteins. (babraham.ac.uk)
DUSP4 alterations lead to hyperactivation of MAPK signaling in many cancers, including breast cancer, which often harbor mutations in cell cycle checkpoint genes, particularly in TP53. (biomedcentral.com)
This study identifies a novel mechanism for breast tumorigenesis implicating Dusp4 loss and p53 mutations in cellular acquisition of Dbf4 upregulation as a driver of cellular replication and cell cycle checkpoint escape. (biomedcentral.com)
BLBCs are nearly always accompanied by inactivating mutations in TP53 , encoding p53 [ 15 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
We find that together with loss-of-function mutations in p53 and, to some degree, potentiated by cMyc overexpression, Dusp4 deletion aids in cell cycle checkpoint escape while simultaneously potentiating hallmarks of replicative stress, including multinucleation and Chk1 phosphorylation. (biomedcentral.com)
Mistakes in the duplication or distribution of the chromosomes lead to mutations that may be passed forward to every new cell produced from an abnormal cell. (openstax.org)

This gene encodes an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase required for the maintenance of the antephase checkpoint that regulates cell cycle entry into mitosis and, therefore, may play a key role in cell cycle progression and tumorigenesis. (utsouthwestern.edu)
Correspondingly, most cancer signaling pathways seem to converge on one or more TFs, termed "master regulators" (MRs) [ 4 ], which direct tumor development, progression, and metastasis through hierarchical control of gene expression patterns. (aging-us.com)
Interestingly, a large fraction of the genome, more than six thousand genes, exhibits changes in expression that correlates with the progression of the hair growth cycle, thus underscoring the complexity of this process [ 4 , 5 ]. (aging-us.com)
A checkpoint is one of several points in the eukaryotic cell cycle at which the progression of a cell to the next stage in the cycle can be halted until conditions are favorable. (openstax.org)
PD-1 blocks cell cycle progression in the G 1 phase. (shu.edu)
Thus, PD-1 targets Ras and PI3K/Akt signaling to inhibit transcription of Skp2 and to activate Smad3 as an integral component of a pathway that regulates blockade of cell cycle progression in T lymphocytes. (shu.edu)
Accumulation of p27 in the nucleus, therefore, blocks cell cycle progression of T-lymphocytes that are being induced to act against cancer antigens. (shu.edu)
Orderly progression through the cell cycle involves passage through sequential checkpoints. (shu.edu)
Phosphatase 1 Nuclear Targeting Subunit (PNUTS) Regulates Aurora Kinases and Mitotic Progression. (nih.gov)
A regulated PNUTS mRNA to lncRNA splice switch mediates EMT and tumour progression. (nih.gov)
Once activated by DSBs, ATM/Tel1 and ATR/Mec1 promote DSB repair, delay cell cycle progression or trigger the elimination of genetically unstable cells by inducing cell death. (elifesciences.org)
Hypoxia is considered a critical contributor to renal cell carcinoma progression, including invasion and metastasis. (biomedcentral.com)
The CDK4-cyclinD complex normally phosphorylates the retinoblastoma protein (Rb protein), leading to release of the E2F transcription factor and cell cycle progression. (medscape.com)
Genomic stability relies around the precise execution of DNA replication, chromosome segregation, DNA repair and genomic monitoring mechanisms, and their integration with cell cycle progression and also other processes. (rockinhibitor.com)
Breast cancer initiation and progression is a process involving multiple molecular alterations, many of which are reflected by changes in gene expression in malignant cells. (biomedcentral.com)

However, in colon tumors compared to adjacent normal-appearing colonic mucosa, there are about 600 to 800 heavily methylated CpG islands in the promoters of genes in the tumors while these CpG islands are not methylated in the adjacent mucosa. (wikipedia.org)
High avidity T cells (Tet hi ), if present, were only found in progressing PD-1 refractory tumors. (bmj.com)
Here, we generate dromedary camel nanobodies targeting B7-H3 and demonstrate that CAR-T cells, based on the nanobodies recognizing the IgC but not IgV domain, had potent antitumour activity against large tumors in female mice. (nature.com)
However, the successful application of these emerging cell-based therapies in solid tumors remains limited. (nature.com)
Effective immunotherapy of stromal-rich tumors requires simultaneous targeting of cancer cells and immunosuppressive elements of the microenvironment. (aacrjournals.org)
Development of most solid tumors is characterized by an increase in secretion and activation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) produced by either the tumor cells or tumor-associated fibroblasts. (bvsalud.org)
TAMs are the major inflammatory cells in the TME, and are closely related to poor outcomes in several types of tumors [ 11 ]. (nature.com)
Although carcinogenic roles for the INK4B, INK4C, INK4D, CIP1, KIP1, and KIP2 genes appear to be limited, INK4A is among the most commonly mutated genes in human tumors. (medscape.com)
Small tumors have a greater percentage of actively dividing cells than do large tumors. (msdmanuals.com)
This theory holds that tumors arise from 1 of 2 undifferentiated stem cells: the excretory duct reserve cell or the intercalated duct reserve cell. (medscape.com)

Our results show that the Tuberin/CycB1 interaction regulates cell size and this regulation is nutrient dependent. (uwindsor.ca)
Regulation of gene expression plays a central role in embryonic development. (biomedcentral.com)
The p53 protein regulates Brca1 transcription both in vitro and in vivo, and Brca1 participates in p53 accumulation after gamma-irradiation through regulation of its phosphorylation and Mdm2 expression. (nih.gov)
Another level of regulation may lie on microRNAs (miRNAs), which are endogenously expressed small non-coding RNAs of 18-24 nucleotides in length that regulate gene expression on the posttranscriptional level [ 14 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
In our recent study we found that circadian clock genes play a role in regulation of the hair growth cycle during synchronized hair follicle cycling, uncovering an unexpected connection between these two timing systems within skin. (aging-us.com)
The construction of this cell line is the first promising step in the regulation of GAL secretion from hTERT-immortalized BMSCs, and the potential application of this system may provide a stem cell-based research platform for pain. (hindawi.com)
In the nucleus, R-SMAD-SMAD4 complexes cooperate with transcriptional coregulators that further define target gene recognition and transcriptional regulation. (shu.edu)
But advances in the understanding of protein phosphatases make now clear that these enzymes are precisely regulated and are as important as kinases in the regulation of cellular processes involving protein phosphorylation. (ac.be)
As a structure-specific endonuclease, MUS81 is involved in cell cycle regulation and regulates the DNA damage repair approach. (rockinhibitor.com)
The regulation of DNA repair by the cell cycle is largely the result of chromatin alterations that happen through DNA replication, compression, and dissociation that permit cells to divide effectively [8]. (rockinhibitor.com)

Triple treatment showed synergism in terms of exhibiting anti-tumorigenic effects by activating the Hippo YAP signaling pathway in the HCT116 cell line. (frontiersin.org)
In mammalian cells, inhibiting the transcription of genes around a double-strand DNA break depends on a signaling pathway that is activated whenever DNA damage is detected. (elifesciences.org)

We have established that Tuberin binds and regulates the G2/M cyclin, Cyclin B1 (CycB1) creating a new G2/M checkpoint. (uwindsor.ca)
Background/Aim: Cyclin D1 gene (CCND1) has a G to A polymorphism at the splice donor site of exon 4, position 870. (iiarjournals.org)
Cyclin D1, a 45-kDa protein encoded by the cyclin D1 gene ( CCND1 ) on 11q13, is one such molecule. (iiarjournals.org)
They are able to build complexes with cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and regulate their activity ( 2 ). (iiarjournals.org)
This truncated variant, cyclin D1b, does not have the part which is required for export from the nucleus into other cell localizations and therefore has higher transforming activity ( 8 ). (iiarjournals.org)
With this change, two-cell-cycle kinesis, concerning CDK4/6-cyclin CDK2-cyclin and D E, combined with the transcription complicated, including E2F and Rb, can be pivotal in managing this checkpoint (33, 34). (brinda.info)
The 3rd pathway requires the substantial aftereffect of RhoA on extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activity to diminish the amount of cyclin D1 (44, 45). (brinda.info)
p27 is a cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor that blocks the activity of Cyclin E-CDK2, which phosphorylates pRb, thereby ushering the cell from G1 into S phase through the Restriction point (Figure 2). (shu.edu)
Another important class of tumor suppressor genes involved in cell cycle control and in the generation of human cancers is the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors. (medscape.com)
The p16INK4A protein is a cell-cycle inhibitor that acts by inhibiting activated cyclin D:CDK4/6 complexes, which play a crucial role in the control of the cell cycle by phosphorylating Rb protein. (medscape.com)

This type of epigenetic mutation allows cells to grow and reproduce uncontrollably, leading to tumorigenesis. (wikipedia.org)
We found that Dusp4 loss alone is insufficient in mediating tumorigenesis, but alternatively converges with loss in Trp53 and MYC amplification to induce tumorigenesis primarily through chromosome 5 amplification, which specifically upregulates Dbf4 , a cell cycle gene that promotes cellular replication by mediating cell cycle checkpoint escape. (biomedcentral.com)
Our analyses demonstrate that regulates HGSOC tumorigenesis by advertising dysregulation of cell cycle checkpoints. (2011globalhealth.org)

The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
In the cell routine, RhoA activation make a difference G1/S development by at least three signaling pathways. (brinda.info)
Collectively, Mouse monoclonal to EphB6 these three pathways decrease the known degrees of Rb phosphorylation, inducing G1/S cell routine arrest thus. (brinda.info)
To recognize genes in charge of regulating particular signalling pathways and/or tumorigenic properties that donate to poor scientific outcome, we used a previously released Poor Prognosis Personal (PPS) [3] being a conceptual construction to execute integrative proteogenomic analyses of individual HGSOC tumours. (2011globalhealth.org)
The E3 ubiquitin ligase RAD18 is well known for the maintenance of genome stability and cell survival through many DNA damage response (DDR) pathways such as translesion DNA synthesis (TLS) and homologous recombination repair (HRR) [ 4 , 5 ]. (nature.com)
What pathways are this gene/protein implicaed in? (cancerindex.org)

The major event of MBT was the activation of a large group of histones and other genes that modify chromatin structure preceding massive gene expression changes. (biomedcentral.com)
Additionally, RAD18 functions beyond DNA repair and may regulate many other key biological processes, such as chromatin strengthening, cell survival/death, stemness, and differentiation. (nature.com)
In embryonic stem cells, SMAD2/3-TIF1γ recognizes specific chromatin marks, promoting access of SMAD2/3-SMAD4 to otherwise repressed targets. (shu.edu)
MYC dephosphorylation by the PP1/PNUTS phosphatase complex regulates chromatin binding and protein stability. (nih.gov)

Indeed, cancer cells can become addicted to the transcriptional silencing, due to promoter hypermethylation, of some key tumor suppressor genes, a process known as epigenetic addiction. (wikipedia.org)
Over the last two decades, studies based on genome-wide gene expression and functional profiling have revealed the great diversity of transcriptional alterations occurring in liver carcinogenesis. (aging-us.com)
Since the expression of genes defining discrete phenotypes is highly coordinated, application of reverse engineering algorithms to transcriptome datasets allows interpreting transcriptional networks by defining MRs and their associated regulons and gene circuits. (aging-us.com)
Differential effects on the expression of the three transcription factor B ( tfb ) genes hint at a mechanism for the modulation of transcriptional patterns in response to DNA damage. (biomedcentral.com)
These include control of the transcriptional repertoire of the cell, activation of repair enzymes and repression of DNA replication and cell division. (biomedcentral.com)
In order to systematically discover transcriptional activity associated with the hair growth cycle, we profiled mRNA expression at a genome-wide level over multiple time points corresponding to morphogenesis and two synchronized hair growth cycles. (aging-us.com)
At its core are the bHLH-PAS transcriptional activators CLOCK and BMAL1 (ARNTL), which form a heterodimer and activate target genes containing E-boxes in their enhancer regions, including Periods (Per1, 2 and 3) and Cryptochromes (Cry1 and 2). (aging-us.com)
These transcriptional factors belong to the basic helix-loop-helix-leucine zipper (bHLH-LZ) transcription factor family and bind the E-box DNA motifs in the promoter regions of target genes to enhance transcription. (molcells.org)
Known and book transcripts in the coordinating results had been identified utilizing a transcriptional set up method predicated on Cufflinks v2.1.1 [13] research annotation, as well as the readings had been mapped to each gene using the HTSeq v0.6.1 count number. (moonphase2018.com)
The phosphorylation of pRB, and relief of transcriptional repression by pRB induces genes involved in the induction of S-phase entry. (shu.edu)
Emerging evidence indicate that the mammalian checkpoint kinase ATM induces transcriptional silencing in cis to DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) through a poorly understood mechanism. (elifesciences.org)
Here we show that in Saccharomyces cerevisiae a single DSB causes transcriptional inhibition of proximal genes independently of Tel1/ATM and Mec1/ATR. (elifesciences.org)

Epigenetic mechanisms are necessary to maintain normal sequences of tissue specific gene expression and are crucial for normal development. (wikipedia.org)
Expression of some repetitive sequences and meiotic recombination at centromeres are repressed through methylation The entire genome of a cancerous cell contains significantly less methylcytosine than the genome of a healthy cell. (wikipedia.org)
Transcriptomic analyses provide an efficient approach to explore the temporal gene expression profiles in embryos and to search for the developmental regulators. (biomedcentral.com)
Early ontogeny is associated with dramatic gene expression changes that underlie and determine the developmental processes. (biomedcentral.com)
Tet lo demonstrated precursor exhausted or progenitor T cell phenotypes marked by higher expression of Tcf-1 and T-bet, and lower expression of the exhaustion markers CD39, PD-1 and Eomes compared with Tet hi , whereas Tet hi cells were terminally exhausted. (bmj.com)
RNA sequencing data have been deposited in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) under accession number GSE221590. (bmj.com)
Transcription factors (TFs) drive gene expression programs that shape specific phenotypes [ 3 ], and are frequently dysregulated in cancer [ 4 ]. (aging-us.com)
Thus, MRs comprise typically a small number of TF-encoding genes (and their products) that control a disproportionate level of gene expression, giving rise to distinct molecular phenotypes associated with a particular disease. (aging-us.com)
Selumetinib causes long-term G1 arrest accompanied by reduced expression of DNA replication and repair genes, but cells stochastically re-enter the cell cycle during treatment despite continued repression of pERK1/2. (babraham.ac.uk)
DNA damage leads to cellular responses that include the increased expression of DNA repair genes, repression of DNA replication and alterations in cellular metabolism. (biomedcentral.com)
No increase in expression of DNA repair genes following UV irradiation was observed. (biomedcentral.com)
Interestingly, replication stress in Brca2-null cells activates p53 and the expression of its target genes, including senescence-inducing Ink4/Arf. (biomedcentral.com)
Stimulating the expression of angiogenic microRNAs or genes in EPCs of low activity (such as those from patients with cardiovascular diseases) might allow the development of novel therapeutic strategies. (biomedcentral.com)
At the same time, skin and hair follicles harbor a functional circadian clock that regulates gene expression with a periodicity of approximately twenty four hours. (aging-us.com)
One of the surprises that came from this study was the finding that genes regulated by the core circadian clock mechanism showed expression changes that correlated with the hair growth cycle, with highest expression during the telogen-anagen transition. (aging-us.com)
While these genes show a clear circadian pattern of expression in skin, as was previously demonstrated [ 9 - 11 ], their amplitude was higher during telogen and early anagen (Figure 1 ), indicating that in skin, the expression of clock controlled genes is dependent both on circadian mechanism and the hair growth cycle. (aging-us.com)
Since our mRNA expression studies were performed using whole skin, we asked which compartments of the skin and hair follicles contribute to the robust rhythmic circadian gene expression in telogen. (aging-us.com)
In addition, the effects of reduced Bard1 expression have been studied in murine mammary epithelial cell cultures, where it was associated with complex cellular changes suggestive of a premalignant phenotype. (bmj.com)
The tumor suppressor p53 transactivates the expression of a number of genes to exert its multifaceted features and in the end maintains genome stability. (aprofarm.org)
Thus, most cancers cells develop numerous mechanisms to decrease p53 expression and bypass the cell cycle checkpoint. (aprofarm.org)
To determine the expression of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMP-2) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and the difference in its expression level between positive and negative HPV-16 (human papilloma virus- 16) OSCC patients. (bvsalud.org)
Its expression peaks at late G1 phase and continues during G2 and M phases of thecell cycle. (moonphase2018.com)
2 were thought as significant differential expression genes (SDEGs). (moonphase2018.com)
this limitation has been overcome via ectopic expression of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT), the catalytic component of telomerase, to produce large quantities of these cells as an attractive source for cellular transplantation [ 16 - 18 ]. (hindawi.com)
Hypoxia was found to induce A498 cell invasion, migration, and the release of inflammatory cytokines, while repressing human solute carrier family 14 member 1 gene expression. (biomedcentral.com)
As a transcription factor whose expression is increased by DNA damage, p53 blocks cell division at the G1 phase of the cell cycle to allow DNA repair. (medscape.com)
By 6 months post-transplantation, the reconstituted mice had developed a clonal myeloproliferative/myelodysplastic disorder originating from the cells with aberrantly reduced Mybl2 expression. (elifesciences.org)
Myeloid malignancy patients lacking one copy of this gene showed levels of MYBL2 expression that were less than 50% of those in healthy individuals. (elifesciences.org)
This suggests that additional mechanisms must be acting to reduce expression of their remaining copy of the gene. (elifesciences.org)
Hence, this finding reveals a more general role for MYBL2 as it indicates that more patients are likely to be affected by altered expression of this gene. (elifesciences.org)
used gene silencing techniques to reduce the expression of MYBL2 in mice and showed that this induced symptoms of myeloid malignancies in the animals. (elifesciences.org)
However, regulated gene expression is still subject to growth-mediated feedbackIotic (257). (rockinhibitor.com)
Search the gene expression profiles from curated DataSets in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) repository. (cancerindex.org)
The use of gene expression profiles could result in more accurate and objective prognostication. (biomedcentral.com)
To this end, we used real-time quantitative RT-PCR assays to quantify the mRNA expression of a large panel (n = 47) of genes previously identified as candidate prognostic molecular markers in a series of 100 ERα-positive breast tumor samples from patients with known long-term follow-up. (biomedcentral.com)
Our results confirm the value of gene expression signatures in predicting the outcome of breast cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
Many clinical studies have attempted to identify correlations between altered expression of individual genes and breast cancer outcome, but often with contradictory results. (biomedcentral.com)
These tools include cDNA microarrays, which can be used to explore the expression of thousands of genes at a time, and real-time RT-PCR assays for more accurate and quantitative studies of the expression of a smaller number of selected candidate genes. (biomedcentral.com)
We identified a three-gene expression signature ( BRCA2 , DNMT3B and CCNE1 ) associated with poor clinical outcome. (biomedcentral.com)
How Reliable Are Gene Expression-Based and Immunohistochemical Biomarkers Assessed on a Core-Needle Biopsy? (lu.se)

In normal cells, CpG islands preceding gene promoters are generally unmethylated, and tend to be transcriptionally active, while other individual CpG dinucleotides throughout the genome tend to be methylated. (wikipedia.org)
In fact, cancer cell genomes have 20-50% less methylation at individual CpG dinucleotides across the genome. (wikipedia.org)
Importantly, we are inserting the Tuberin-C698Y mutation into the HEK293 cells genome through the CRISPR-Cas9 system to determine the endogenous significance of this specific change. (uwindsor.ca)
The Stillman lab searched for the protein(s) that start cell chromosome duplication, rather than virus genome replication. (cshl.edu)
To replicate the genome once and only once per cell division, there are many feedback loops, checks, and balances. (cshl.edu)
The poultry genome set up (Gallus Gallus 4.gene and 0) model annotation documents were downloaded from Outfit [10,11], as well as the paired-end clean readings were matched towards the research genome using TopHat v2.0.12 [12]. (moonphase2018.com)

Plk1 inhibitors target all rapidly dividing cells irrespective of tumor cells or non-transformed normal but proliferating cells. (oncotarget.com)
Moreover, PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors are being tested in combination with other checkpoint inhibitors, targeted therapies, cancer vaccines, monoclonal antibodies, and other modalities. (shu.edu)

Under normal growth conditions, where levels of DNA damage are low, transcription of repair genes is repressed. (biomedcentral.com)
In addition, these alterations affect 3 principal categories of genes, as follows: proto-oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, and DNA repair genes. (medscape.com)
The current models for CIN involve telomere dysfunction, defective spindle assembly, sister chromatid cohesion, DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) repair, genes involved in the cell cycle, and epigenetic regulators. (encyclopedia.pub)

REV-ERBα regulates transcription of Bmal1 and other target genes by binding to retinoic acid-related orphan receptor response elements (ROREs) [ 8 ]. (aging-us.com)
The clock genes that we identified as upregulated in telogen/early anagen were all CLOCK/BMAL1 target genes, including Pers, Dbp and Rev-Erbα. (aging-us.com)
Subsequently, T cells receiving PD-1 signals displayed impaired Cdk2 activation and failed to phosphorylate two critical Cdk2 substrates, the retinoblastoma gene product (Rb) and the TGFβ-specific transcription factor Smad3 , leading to suppression of E2F target genes but enhanced Smad3 transactivation (Figure 3). (shu.edu)

Cancer epigenetics is the study of epigenetic modifications to the DNA of cancer cells that do not involve a change in the nucleotide sequence, but instead involve a change in the way the genetic code is expressed. (wikipedia.org)
However, in cancer cells, CpG islands preceding tumor suppressor gene promoters are often hypermethylated, while CpG methylation of oncogene promoter regions and parasitic repeat sequences is often decreased. (wikipedia.org)
Loss of imprinting of insulin-like growth factor gene (IGF2) increases risk of colorectal cancer and is associated with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome which significantly increases the risk of cancer for newborns. (wikipedia.org)
In cancer cells CpG islands are hypomethylated The regions flanking CpG islands called CpG island shores are where most DNA methylation occurs in the CpG dinucleotide context. (wikipedia.org)
Cancer cells are deferentially methylated at CpG island shores. (wikipedia.org)
In cancer cells, hypermethylation in the CpG island shores move into CpG islands, or hypomethylation of CpG islands move into CpG island shores eliminating sharp epigenetic boundaries between these genetic elements. (wikipedia.org)
In cancer cells "global hypomethylation" due to disruption in DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) may promote mitotic recombination and chromosome rearrangement, ultimately resulting in aneuploidy when the chromosomes fail to separate properly during mitosis. (wikipedia.org)
Our HCC signature covered well-established liver cancer hallmarks, and network analyses revealed coordinated interaction between several MRs. One novel MR, SEC14L2 , exerted an anti-proliferative effect in HCC cells and strongly suppressed tumor growth in a mouse model. (aging-us.com)
The RAS-regulated RAF-MEK1/2-ERK1/2 signalling pathway is frequently de-regulated in human cancer. (babraham.ac.uk)
More than 90% of oral malignant neoplasms are squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC), which are among the ten most frequent malignancies in humans and this entity is the eighth leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide ( 1 ). (iiarjournals.org)
Using a genetically engineered mouse model, we generated mammary-specific Dusp4 -deleted primary epithelial cells to investigate the necessary conditions in which DUSP4 loss may drive breast cancer oncogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
Given the previously reported role of DUSP4 as a p53 target, a potential cell cycle checkpoint, and in mediating senescence downstream of replication stress, we hypothesized that DUSP4 may be a critical oncogenic driver in breast cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for 85-90% of cases, while lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most common subtype [ 2 ]. (medsci.org)
Squamous cell cancer of the head and neck (SCCHN) is the sixth leading cause for cancer deaths worldwide. (oncotarget.com)
We conducted a systematic review of the literature on the effects of vitamin D on ovarian cancer cell. (mdpi.com)
However, the mechanism through which RAD18 influences triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), especially the interaction between tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment, remains elusive. (nature.com)
p53 represses the promoter of Polo-like kinase 1, whereas Polo-like kinase 1 inhibits p53 and its family members p63 and p73 in cancer cells lacking functional p53. (oncotarget.com)
In this regard, restoration of p53 in tumor cells with loss or mutation of p53 will reinforce the cytotoxicity of combined Polo-like kinase 1 therapy and provide a proficient strategy for combating relapse and metastasis of cancer. (oncotarget.com)
PD-1 inhibition (Figure 1) has quickly become a front-line therapy for non-small cell lung cancer and melanoma . (shu.edu)
Most cancer cells have PD-L1 on their surface and escape being killed by turning off the T cell in this way. (shu.edu)
DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are particularly dangerous for cells, since their inefficient or inaccurate repair can result in deletions and chromosomal translocations that can lead to cancer and/or severe developmental abnormalities in humans. (elifesciences.org)
This article briefly discusses tumor suppressor genes and then focuses on the role of proto-oncogenes in childhood cancer. (medscape.com)
Within this study, we further explored the role of MUS81 and CyclinB in regulating the therapeutic sensitivity of ovarian cancer.molecules have been measures by Western blotting, and pH2AX was used as an indicator of double-strand break repair.Western blotTotal protein was collected as previously described. (rockinhibitor.com)
Cancer cells, particularly those arising from the bone marrow or lymphatic system, may have a short generation time, and there usually are a smaller percentage of cells in G0 (resting phase). (msdmanuals.com)
A subpopulation of cells within a cancer has the properties of stem cells. (msdmanuals.com)
A cancer may release cells into the circulation at a very early stage of development. (msdmanuals.com)
Circulating cancer cells are present in many patients with advanced cancer and even in some with localized disease. (msdmanuals.com)
Although most circulating cancer cells die, an occasional cell may penetrate into tissues, generating a metastasis at a distant site. (msdmanuals.com)
Experiments suggest that the abilities to invade, migrate, and successfully implant and stimulate new blood vessel growth are all important properties of the cells that cause metastases, which are likely a subpopulation of the primary cancer. (msdmanuals.com)
Cancer cells often present neoantigens on their cell surface that can be detected as "non-self" by the immune system, resulting in an attack by the immune system. (msdmanuals.com)

Using site-directed mutagenesis we constructed six TSC2 mutants to study the phenotypes in HEK293 and NIH3T3 cells. (uwindsor.ca)
EPCs from CB expressed abundant genes involved in cell cycle, hypoxia signalling and blood vessel development, correlating with the phenotypes that CB-EPCs proliferated more rapidly, migrated faster, and formed tubule structure more efficiently. (biomedcentral.com)

Plk1 is mainly expressed during the late G2 and M phase, where it regulates various stages of mitosis [ 2 , 7 ]. (oncotarget.com)
additionally, at the finish of mitosis, CyclinB1 is prompted to degrade the complex, enabling cells to complete the replication cycle [10]. (rockinhibitor.com)

The timing of events in the cell cycle is controlled by mechanisms that are both internal and external to the cell. (openstax.org)
If the checkpoint mechanisms detect problems with the DNA, the cell cycle is halted, and the cell attempts to either complete DNA replication or repair the damaged DNA. (openstax.org)
In different immune cell types, each MiT family member is shown to play distinct or redundant roles and we expect that there is far more to learn about their functions and regulatory mechanisms in host defense and inflammatory responses. (molcells.org)
Homologous recombination' is one of the main mechanisms used by cells to repair DNA double-strand breaks. (elifesciences.org)

However, the most important role of the G 2 checkpoint is to ensure that all of the chromosomes have been replicated and that the replicated DNA is not damaged. (openstax.org)
Stretching out the DNA in all 46 chromosomes packed into one human cell would make a string of DNA two meters long. (cshl.edu)

Microarray analyses detected a suite of master developmental regulators that control differentiation and maintenance of diverse cell lineages. (biomedcentral.com)
microRNAs have emerged as master regulators of stem cell lineage differentiation and angiogenesis [ 14 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Its prominent properties are A lack of cell differentiation Local invasion of adjoining tissue Metastasis, which is spread to distant sites through. (msdmanuals.com)

Approximately 5-10% of all breast and ovarian cancers are thought to arise from a hereditary predisposition to the disease, 1 BRCA1 and BRCA2 being the most important susceptibility genes. (bmj.com)

The gene, which is called MYBL2 , encodes a transcription factor that helps to control the cell division cycle. (elifesciences.org)

Alternatively spliced transcript variants that encode different protein isoforms have been described. (utsouthwestern.edu)
This gene lies within the major histocompatibility complex class I region on chromosome 6, and alternatively spliced transcript variants have been observed for this gene. (nih.gov)

For example, RAD18 plays a vital role in regulating the DNA stability of embryonic stem cells and cellular homeostasis in highly prolific cells [ 6 ]. (nature.com)
Plk3 is expressed throughout the cell cycle and involved in cellular response to DNA damage [ 9 ]. (oncotarget.com)
Although viewed as a constitutive housekeeping enzyme in the past, PP2A is a highly regulated phosphatase and is emerging as an important regulator of multiple cellular processes involving protein phosphorylation. (ac.be)

however, mRNAs encoding a subset of factors important for error-free replication and chromosome segregation, including TIPIN, PLK2 and PLK3, remain at low abundance. (babraham.ac.uk)
STARD12 co-expressed genes participated in cell cycle and DNA replication, and STARD14 were enriched in ECM-receptor interaction. (medsci.org)
Both the initiation and inhibition of cell division are triggered by events external to the cell when it is about to begin the replication process. (openstax.org)
The NS1/RhoA/pRb cascade, that may stimulate the G0/G1 cell routine arrest identified right here, offers a unified explanation for the various NS1 AZ6102 features involved with viral replication occasions seemingly. (brinda.info)
Intro Manipulating the cell routine can be a common technique utilized by DNA and RNA infections to achieve beneficial mobile conditions and facilitate their personal replication (1C4). (brinda.info)
Proof demonstrates the NS1 protein of many infections, like the most recent reported human being respiratory syncytial pathogen (26) as well as the autonomous parvovirus minute pathogen (27, 28), could control mobile processes, in part perhaps, by advertising cell routine arrest to facilitate viral replication (29, 30). (brinda.info)
Cell division and DNA replication are crucial parts of life. (cshl.edu)
Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (CSHL) President and CEO Bruce Stillman and other CSHL scientists have been working for decades to understand the intricacies of ORC, DNA replication, and cell division. (cshl.edu)
The SV40 T-antigen, the first protein the virus makes inside a host cell, is needed for the very first step of replication of the virus DNA. (cshl.edu)
Tightly-controlled feedback loops between ORC1, CDC6, and a number of other molecules regulate the timing of replication. (cshl.edu)

microRNAs also play a crucial role in endothelial inflammation, senescence and susceptibility to atherosclerosis: endothelial inflammation is critically regulated by miRNAs such as miR-126 and miR-10a, and endothelial aging is additionally controlled by miR-217 and miR-34a [ 15 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Theprotein binds to specific DNA sequences, and recruits a histone deacetylase to regulate geneexpression. (moonphase2018.com)
When PD-1 binds to PD-L1 (yellow) on another cell, the T cell becomes deactivated. (shu.edu)

In addition to adequate reserves and cell size, there is a check for genomic DNA damage at the G 1 checkpoint. (openstax.org)
Maintenance of genomic stability is crucial for standard development, cell homeostasis and tumor suppression [7]. (rockinhibitor.com)

We have previously reported a mouse model in which Brca1 exon 11 is eliminated in mammary epithelial cells through Cre-mediated excision. (nih.gov)
In humans, the frequency of cell turnover ranges from a few hours in early embryonic development, to an average of two to five days for epithelial cells, and to an entire human lifetime spent in G 0 by specialized cells, such as cortical neurons or cardiac muscle cells. (openstax.org)
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) originates from either the cancerous renal cortex or renal tubular epithelial cells, and is the second most lethal urological malignancy, accounting for 90-95% of kidney neoplasms. (biomedcentral.com)

This mutation is often accompanied by alterations in transformation-related protein 53 (Trp53, encoding p53), which substantially accelerates mammary tumor formation. (nih.gov)
Germline mutation of one TP53 allele is found in patients with Li-Fraumeni syndrome who generally inherit a mutated TP53 gene from an affected parent. (medscape.com)

and BRCA1, another DNA-repair gene. (wikipedia.org)
25 BARD1 also regulates the subcellular localisation of BRCA1, both by translocating BRCA1 into the nucleus and by inhibiting its nuclear export. (bmj.com)

In response to endogenous and exogenous insults, malignant cells mostly have an intensive DNA repair capacity that allows them to proliferate and survive. (nature.com)

Five members of the Plk family have been discovered in humans and these serine/threonine kinases have emerged as key players by performing crucial functions in the cell cycle, DNA damage response and neuron biology [ 2 - 6 ]. (oncotarget.com)

The protein encoded by this gene is a mitogen-inducible monokine and is one of the major HIV-suppressive factors produced by CD8+ T-cells. (cancerindex.org)

Chromosome instability (CIN) is an increased rate where chromosome acquire alterations due to errors in cell division. (encyclopedia.pub)
Chromosomal instability (CIN) is the increasing rate in which cells acquire new chromosomal alterations. (encyclopedia.pub)

In this study, we investigated a plausible therapeutic synergism of a triple combination of CBD/CBG, curcumin, and piperine in the colon adenocarcinoma using HCT116 and HT29 cell lines. (frontiersin.org)
Thus, umbilical cord blood EPCs hold great therapeutic potential for cell therapy and vascular engineering. (biomedcentral.com)
Previous studies have demonstrated that immortalized astrocytes are not only easily manipulated, reproducible, and nontumorigenic but are also safe potential vehicles for the delivery of therapeutic genes (galanin) for chronic pain therapy [ 7 - 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
Studies have increasingly focused on the potential therapeutic effects of stem cell transplantation for neurological diseases [ 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
Myeloid immune cells, specifically tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), may represent potential novel therapeutic targets in HCC, complementing current ablative or immune therapies. (cancerindex.org)

This gene encodes a protein phosphatase 1 binding protein. (nih.gov)

The TSC2 gene encodes for the protein Tuberin, a tumour suppressor protein well known for it's ability to regulated cell growth and the cell cycle. (uwindsor.ca)
Despite this, clinical responses are typically transient as tumour cells develop resistance. (babraham.ac.uk)

This deletion is only ever seen in one of their two copies of the chromosome-suggesting that at least some of these genes are essential for survival-but the identity of the gene(s) that are associated with the increased risk of myeloid malignancies is unknown. (elifesciences.org)
Deletion of the GYP1 gene or overexpression of Gyp1p did not alter the growth rate of yeast. (embl.de)

The CLOCK-BMAL1 heterodimer activates other genes as well, including Dbp, Tef, Hlf, and Rev-Erbα, which codes for an orphan nuclear receptor. (aging-us.com)

ERKi treatment of cells drives the poly-ubiquitylation and proteasome-dependent turnover of ERK2 and pharmacological or genetic inhibition of Cullin-RING E3 ligases prevents this. (babraham.ac.uk)
The most potent nanobody-based CAR-T cells show inhibition of large tumor xenografts in mice with rigorous T-cell signaling and significant T-cell infiltration into the tumor. (nature.com)
Thus, inactive p53 is not associated with a susceptible cytotoxicity of Polo-like kinase 1 inhibition and could rather foster the induction of polyploidy/aneuploidy in surviving cells. (oncotarget.com)

Functional characterization of high and low avidity GSW11-specific CD8 + T cells was conducted using flow cytometry and bulk RNA-seq. (bmj.com)
Single-cell transcriptome RNA sequencing coupled with functional T-cell proteomics analysis uncovers the top-upregulated genes that might be critical for the persistence of polyfunctional CAR-T cells in mice. (nature.com)
[ 1 ] His prediction was subsequently supported by the cloning of the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor gene ( RB1 ) and by functional studies of the retinoblastoma protein, Rb. (medscape.com)

Although human HSCs as vehicles to treat metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) has been used to treat patients with early onset MLD in a phase I/II trial, the HSCs give rise to all different blood cell lineages, such as the myeloid and lymphoid cell lineages [ 11 ]. (hindawi.com)
Abnormalities in this process lead to a group of diseases known as myeloid malignancies, which include acute myeloid leukaemia-in which the bone marrow produces abnormal white blood cells-and myelodysplastic syndromes, which are caused by too few mature blood cells being produced. (elifesciences.org)
In addition to revealing a new tumor suppressor gene and its contribution to myeloid malignancies, the study by Heinrichs et al. (elifesciences.org)

The use of human telomerase reverse transcriptase-immortalized bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (hTERT-BMSCs) as vehicles to deliver antinociceptive galanin (GAL) molecules into pain-processing centers represents a novel cell therapy strategy for pain management. (hindawi.com)
Bone marrow stem cells, including the pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), are being considered as potential targets for cell and gene therapy-based approaches against a variety of different diseases. (hindawi.com)
Blood cells are produced within bone marrow by specialized stem cells and progenitor cells. (elifesciences.org)
Low-power view of hematoxylin-eosin-stained bone marrow showing hypocellularity, with increased adipose tissue and decreased hematopoietic cells in the marrow space. (medscape.com)
The clinical presentation of patients with aplastic anemia includes signs and symptoms related to the decrease in bone marrow production of hematopoietic cells. (medscape.com)

Through S phase of your cell cycle, WEE1 inhibits the association and function with the MUS81-SLX4 complex, and SLX4 cooperates to activate MUS81 in the course of M phase [5]. (rockinhibitor.com)

Indeed, the potent pathotropic migratory properties of BMSCs and ability to circumvent both the complications associated with immune rejection of allogenic cells and many of the moral reasons associated with embryonic stem cell use suggest that BMSCs are most promising stem cells as a potential target for the clinical use of genetically engineered stem cells [ 14 , 15 ]. (hindawi.com)

Here, we investigate amplification events that underlie resistance to the MEK inhibitor selumetinib (AZD6244/ARRY-142886) in COLO205 cells, a well-characterized model for reproducible emergence of drug resistance, and show that amplifications acquired are the primary cause of resistance. (babraham.ac.uk)
Our findings demonstrate that acquisition of MEK inhibitor resistance often occurs through gene amplification and can be suppressed by impeding cell cycle entry in drug. (babraham.ac.uk)

Conclusions Targeting subdominant T cell responses with lower avidity against pMHC affinity neoepitopes showed potential for improving PD-1 immunotherapy. (bmj.com)

STARD14 was negatively associated with the infiltration of CD8+T cells, while positively with CCL28 and immune checkpoints, including CTLA4 as well as PD-L2. (medsci.org)

Identification of master regulator (MR) genes offers a relatively rapid and efficient way to characterize disease-specific molecular programs. (aging-us.com)

Proper chromosome duplication is assessed at the G 2 checkpoint. (openstax.org)

Hypermethylation of tumor suppressor gene promoter regions can result in silencing of those genes. (wikipedia.org)
As such, it is thought that DUSP4 functions as a negative feedback suppressor to regulate the duration and amplitude of the Ras/MEK/ERK pathway. (biomedcentral.com)
A common deleted region (CDR) in both myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) affects the long arm of chromosome 20 and has been predicted to harbor a tumor suppressor gene. (elifesciences.org)
have uncovered a key tumor suppressor among those genes frequently lost on chromosome 20. (elifesciences.org)
The modified cells are able to expand more robustly than normal cells, and this dominance induced by downregulation of the tumor suppressor increases the risk of malignancy. (elifesciences.org)

The recurrence is a serious prognostic influence in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) 1-3 . (bvsalud.org)
2014) 16 reported and compared the histologic, immunohistochemical and clinical features as well as the survival rates of carcinoma arising in patients with PVL (p-scca) and conventional squamous cell carcinoma (c-scca). (bvsalud.org)
Excretory stem cells give rise to squamous cell and mucoepidermoid carcinomas, while intercalated stem cells give rise to pleomorphic adenomas, oncocytomas, adenoid cystic carcinomas, adenocarcinomas, and acinic cell carcinomas. (medscape.com)
Squamous cell carcinomas arise from excretory duct cells, pleomorphic adenomas arise from the intercalated duct cells, oncocytomas arise from the striated duct cells, and acinic cell carcinomas arise from acinar cells. (medscape.com)

The Ras homolog gene relative A (RhoA) can be a little GTPase that settings many mobile features, including gene transcription, actin polymerization, cell routine development, and cell change (35C38). (brinda.info)

When fast-dividing mammalian cells are grown in culture (outside the body under optimal growing conditions), the length of the cycle is about 24 hours. (openstax.org)

RhoA offers two states, as well as the phosphorylation of Ser188 can be very important to its function in cell routine changeover (39C41). (brinda.info)

Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) play a fundamental role in post-natal vascular repair, yet EPCs from different anatomic locations possess unique biological properties. (biomedcentral.com)
Blood-derived endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) represent the "promoters" of vascular repair providing the rationale for autologous stem cell therapy [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Maternal to zygotic transition (MZT) is the key event during embryogenesis marked by the switch of control from the maternal and possibly paternal transcripts to the newly synthesized embryonic gene products [ 9 - 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
In a number of animal species, MZT roughly coincides with the mid-blastula transition (MBT) [ 20 ] when cells become motile and divide asynchronously. (biomedcentral.com)
The activation of the kinase function is then followed by a cascade of protein phosphorylations that promotes the transition through the cell-cycle checkpoint from the G 1 phase into the S phase ( 3 ). (iiarjournals.org)
These checkpoints occur near the end of G 1 , at the G 2 /M transition, and during metaphase ( Figure 10.10 ). (openstax.org)
Cell routine transition represents some complicated and tightly controlled procedures that control what sort of solitary cell divides into two cells. (brinda.info)

Human bulk tissue samples comprise multiple cell types with diverse roles in disease etiology. (kaiserpermanente.org)
Recent evidence suggests that the bicellular stem cell theory is the more probable etiology of salivary gland neoplasms. (medscape.com)

cells must control this process with tremendous precision in time and space. (cshl.edu)
Here, an hTERT-BMSCs/Tet-on/GAL cell line was constructed using a single Tet-on-inducible lentivirus system, and subsequent experiments demonstrated that the secretion of rat GAL from hTERT-BMSCs/Tet-on/GAL was switched on and off under the control of an inducer in a dose-dependent manner. (hindawi.com)
A total of 64 patients with renal cell carcinoma were divided into the observation group (nursing based on oxygen administration) and the control group (conventional nursing). (biomedcentral.com)

Hair follicles undergo continuous cycles of growth, involution and rest. (aging-us.com)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role and mechanism of hypoxia-induced renal cell carcinoma and provide evidence-based medical proof for improvements to postoperative nursing of renal cell carcinoma patients. (biomedcentral.com)
The human renal cell carcinoma cell line A498 under hypoxia/normoxia was used as an experimental model in vitro and the biological characteristics and mitochondrial function of the cells were assessed. (biomedcentral.com)
Nursing based on oxygen administration decreased the value of renal function indexes, serum inflammatory factors, and tumor markers in renal cell carcinoma patients. (biomedcentral.com)
These data reveal that nursing based on oxygen administration can improve the clinical efficacy of renal cell carcinoma therapies, being safe and effective. (biomedcentral.com)
The results elucidate a mechanism wherein the solute carrier family 14 member 1 gene participates in the occurrence and development of hypoxia-induced renal cell carcinoma in a mitochondria-dependent manner. (biomedcentral.com)
There are three main histological subtypes of RCC, including clear cell RCC (ccRCC), papillary RCC, and chromophobe RCC, which jointly represent over 85% of all primary renal malignancies [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

The theoretical basis for marrow failure includes primary defects in or damage to the stem cell or the marrow microenvironment. (medscape.com)
External insults (eg, infections, radiation, drugs) may disrupt stem cell homeostasis in marrow environment, leading to altered growth. (medscape.com)
Two theories predominate: the bicellular stem cell theory and the multicellular theory. (medscape.com)

Rational design of chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells based on the recognition of antigenic epitopes capable of evoking the most potent CAR activation is an important objective in optimizing immune therapy. (nature.com)

Anatomy25

Organisms6

Diseases12

Chemicals and Drugs112

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment22

Phenomena and Processes90

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Health Care3

Proliferation18

Proteins26

Apoptosis12

Mutations10

Progression15

Tumors10

Regulation10

Signaling pathway2

Cyclin10

Tumorigenesis3

Pathways6

Chromatin4

Transcriptional12

Expression40

Genome6

Inhibitors2

Repair genes3

Target genes3

Cancer30

Phenotypes2

Mitosis2

Mechanisms4

Chromosomes2

Differentiation3

Ovarian1

Transcription factor1

Transcript variants2

Cellular3

Replication10

Susceptibility1

Binds2

Genomic2

Epithelial cells3

Mutation2

BRCA12

Malignant1

Kinases1

Protein encoded1

Alterations2

Therapeutic5

Phosphatase1

Tumour2

Deletion2

Activates1

Inhibition3

Functional3

Myeloid3

Bone marrow5

Activate1

Genetically1

Inhibitor2

Conclusions1

Negatively1

Regulator1

Chromosome duplication1

Suppressor5

Squamous4

Homolog1

Mammalian cells1

Phosphorylation1

Progenitor2

Transition5

Etiology2

Control3

Undergo1

Renal6

Stem cell3

Immune1