LightPhotic StimulationPteridaceaeDark AdaptationPhotoreceptor Cells, InvertebrateAdaptation, OcularRetinaReflex, PupillaryPhotoreceptor CellsDarknessRhodopsinElectric StimulationElectroretinographyCircadian RhythmAction PotentialsTime FactorsNeuronsElectric Stimulation TherapyStimulation, ChemicalPhysical StimulationDeep Brain StimulationTranscranial Magnetic StimulationCells, CulturedSignal TransductionCalciumTranscutaneous Electric Nerve StimulationMyosin Light ChainsCatsRats, Sprague-DawleyPhosphorylationKineticsCell LineMuscle ContractionElectrodes, ImplantedEnzyme ActivationDose-Response Relationship, DrugRNA, MessengerAcoustic StimulationMolecular Sequence DataVagus NerveEvoked PotentialsRabbitsRats, WistarMice, Inbred C57BLEvoked Potentials, MotorLymphocyte ActivationCyclic AMPElectrophysiologyIsoproterenolSynaptic TransmissionReflexGene Expression RegulationNorepinephrineElectromyographyAtropineAfferent PathwaysGuinea PigsAmino Acid SequenceMotor CortexLight Signal TransductionDogsSympathetic Nervous SystemSubthalamic NucleusNeural InhibitionRats, Inbred StrainsEnzyme InhibitorsMuscle, SkeletalSelf StimulationElectrodesMembrane PotentialsMusclesMuscle, SmoothBase SequenceNeurons, AfferentProtein Kinase CT-LymphocytesSpinal CordMotor NeuronsEvoked Potentials, SomatosensoryCell MembraneReaction TimeCuring Lights, DentalCell DivisionModels, BiologicalRecombinant ProteinsTransfectionSynapsesAdrenergic beta-AgonistsAdenosine TriphosphateProtein BindingAnalysis of VarianceCarbacholMice, KnockoutSpinal Cord StimulationTetradecanoylphorbol AcetateParasympathetic Nervous SystemAcetylcholineCattleNeural PathwaysBlotting, Western