ThalianaGenesMiRNAsMRNARegulatoryMiRNAGenomicsBiogenesisDifferentially regulatedNucleotidesTargetsEncodesMoleculeRolesMaizeCOOLAIRPost-transcriptionalRiceMolecularMiR156GenomeImportant regulatorsInducesStimuliResponsesIdentificationProteinsSmallPopulus2000AuxinTranscriptionDevelopmentalDevelopmentPhosphateAGO1ExpressionSequenceProteinInteractionGrowth
Thaliana5
- Research conducted by three independent groups and reported in The Plant Cell shows that fundamental developmental processes controlled by the plant hormone auxin are regulated by microRNAs in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. (sciencedaily.com)
- Studies on miR159 are mostly done on model plant, Arabidopsis thaliana . (biomedcentral.com)
- Microarray-based analysis of stress-regulated microRNAs in Arabidopsis thaliana. (chinbullbotany.com)
- Physiological experiments have been performed with diverse species, whereas studies mostly on Arabidopsis thaliana , a little flowering plant, have led to the development of current genetic models. (jabonline.in)
- One of the earliest discoveries was the identification of COOLAIR, an lncRNA that regulates the flowering time gene FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) in Arabidopsis thaliana. (mdpi.com)
Genes14
- MicroRNAs function to regulate the expression levels of other genes by several mechanisms. (wikipedia.org)
- Research reported in The Plant Cell shows that microRNAs control the accumulation of transcription factor proteins that regulate the expression of genes in the auxin response pathway. (sciencedaily.com)
- Messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules are encoded by genes and are themselves templates for the proteins that carry the main metabolic functions in a cell. (sciencedaily.com)
- mRNAs corresponding to several regulatory genes that mediate auxin responses contain short stretches of sequence that are complementary to microRNAs, and therefore have been considered potential targets of microRNA-mediated regulation. (sciencedaily.com)
- The plants showed increased accumulation of ARF17 mRNA and altered levels of mRNAs corresponding to several genes that may be regulated by ARF17. (sciencedaily.com)
- The transcriptionally regulated genes have different roles under stress response. (intechopen.com)
- Thus, stress response studies during these growth stages reveal novel differentially regulated genes or proteins with important functions in plant stress adaptation. (intechopen.com)
- Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes between wild type plants and STTM159 transgenic plants showed that genes involved in cell division, auxin, cytokinin (CK) and brassinosteroids (BRs) biosynthesis and signaling are significantly down-regulated in STTM159 plants. (biomedcentral.com)
- Further analysis from the RNA-seq data showed that the decreased cell divisions in STTM159 transgenic plants may result, at least partly from the lower expression of the genes involved in cell cycle and hormone homeostasis, which provides new insights of rice miR159-specific functions. (biomedcentral.com)
- With the identification of microRNAs and siRNAs in diverse organisms, increasing evidences indicate that these short npcRNAs play important roles in development, responses to biotic and abiotic stresses by cleavage of target mRNAs or by interfering with translation of target genes [ 5 - 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- Conservation and divergence of plant microRNA genes[J]. Plant Journal, 2006, 46(2): 243-259. (tea-science.com)
- For example, single cell analysis allows for the direct measurement of gene expression kinetics, or for the unambiguous identification of co-regulated genes, even in the presence of de-synchronization and heterogeneity that could obscure population-averaged measurements. (justia.com)
- It seemed possible that these genes are regulated by transcription factors that are themselves regulated by miRNAs, and at a translational level by a process involving DRB2. (nature.com)
- In participating UK research institutions, investigators can publish open access in Genome Research, Genes & Development, RNA, and Learning & Memory without article publication charges and all staff can read the entire renowned Cold Spring Harbor journal collection. (cshlpress.com)
MiRNAs7
- Additionally, the two crops had different root regulatory mechanisms of microRNAs (miRNAs) to N deficiency. (frontiersin.org)
- In conclusion, N deficiency significantly affected the morpho-physiological characteristics of roots that were regulated by miRNAs, but the miRNA-mediated mechanisms were different in wheat and cotton. (frontiersin.org)
- microRNAs (miRNAs) are important regulators in plant growth and development. (biomedcentral.com)
- Plant microRNAs (miRNAs) are 20-24 nucleotides (nt) long and widely exist as gene regulators. (biomedcentral.com)
- The miRNAs regulate root elongation, lateral root (LR) formation and adventitious root (AR) development in response to hormone signaling, nutrient uptake and biotic/abiotic stress. (chinaagrisci.com)
- This review provides multiple perspectives on the involvement of miRNAs in regulating root growth and development in plants. (chinaagrisci.com)
- MiRNAs(MicroRNAs) negatively regulate the expression of gene by targeting mRNA for cleavage or translational repression in a sequence-complementary dependent manner. (tea-science.com)
MRNA6
- The mRNA levels in a cell are fine tuned by different mechanisms, one of which is driven by microRNA molecules. (sciencedaily.com)
- Within the complex, microRNAs are thought to bind to mRNA molecules containing a complementary stretch of RNA sequence. (sciencedaily.com)
- Dr. Bonnie Bartel at Rice University in Houston, TX together with Drs. David Bartel and Allison Mallory at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research in Cambridge, MA report experiments using transgenic Arabidopsis plants that produce a version of ARF17 mRNA that resists microRNA-mediated cleavage. (sciencedaily.com)
- Dr. Bellini and her colleagues found that the mutant plants over-accumulate ARF17 mRNA within the hypocotyl, pointing to ARF17 as a major regulator of adventitious rooting and microRNA-mediated regulation as a major regulator of ARF17. (sciencedaily.com)
- MicroRNA (miRNA), a kind of regulatory non-coding small RNA, induces degradation of target mRNA or inhibits its translation by specific or non-specific binding, thereby regulating plant growth and development. (chinbullbotany.com)
- Structures of mammalian GLD-2 proteins reveal molecular basis of their functional diversity in mRNA and microRNA processing. (xenbase.org)
Regulatory3
- Regulatory non-coding RNAs: a new frontier in regulation of plant biology. (mabjournal.com)
- Jones-Rhoades M W, Bartel D P, Bartel B. MicroRNAs and their regulatory roles in plants[J]. Annual Review of Plant Biology, 2006, 57: 19-53. (tea-science.com)
- Targeted Transcriptomics of Frog Virus 3 in Infected Frog Tissues Reveal Non-Coding Regulatory Elements and microRNAs in the Ranaviral Genome and Their Potential Interaction with Host Immune Response. (xenbase.org)
MiRNA6
- Computational identification of plant microRNAs and their targets, including a stress-induced miRNA. (chinbullbotany.com)
- The identified ncRNAs include transfer RNA (tRNA), ribosomal RNA (rRNA), small nuclear RNA (snRNA), small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA), and microRNA (miRNA). (mabjournal.com)
- Identification of a novel microRNA (miRNA) from rice that targets an alternatively spliced transcript of the Nramp6 (Natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 6) gene involved in pathogen resistance. (mabjournal.com)
- In animals, the degree of base pairing between a miRNA and its target messenger RNA seems to determine whether the regulation occurs through cleavage or translation inhibition 1 . (nature.com)
- However, the components and mechanism(s) that determine whether a plant miRNA ultimately regulates its targets by guiding cleavage or translational inhibition are unknown 6 . (nature.com)
- Furthermore, our results reveal that the core silencing proteins ARGONAUTE1 (AGO1) and SERRATE (SE) are highly regulated by miRNA-guided translational inhibition. (nature.com)
Genomics1
- miRBase: tools for microRNA genomics[J]. Nucleic Acids Research, 2008, 36(Database issue): D154-D158. (tea-science.com)
Biogenesis3
- MicroRNA biogenesis and function in plants. (chinbullbotany.com)
- MicroRNA biogenesis: coordinated cropping and dicing. (chinbullbotany.com)
- Biogenesis, functions and fate of plant microRNAs[J]. Journal of Cellular Physiology, 2012, 227(9): 3163-3168. (tea-science.com)
Differentially regulated1
- Pro- and anti-apoptotic microRNAs are differentially regulated during estivation in Xenopus laevis. (xenbase.org)
Nucleotides1
- MicroRNAs are tiny ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecules (~22 nucleotides long) that recently have been found to play important roles in regulating gene expression in eukaryotic organisms, including plants and animals. (sciencedaily.com)
Targets4
- miRBase: microRNA sequences, targets and gene nomenclature. (chinbullbotany.com)
- OsmiR396d-regulated OsGRFs function in floral organogenesis in rice through binding to their targets OsJMJ706 and OsCR4. (chinbullbotany.com)
- Overexpression of Arabidopsis microRNA167 induces salicylic acid-dependent defense against Pseudomonas syringae through the regulation of its targets ARF6 and ARF8. (mabjournal.com)
- microRNAs such as miR156 and miR172 and their corresponding targets are the key regulators of the phase changes in the floral transition [ 4 ]. (jabonline.in)
Encodes2
- The C. elegans heterochronic gene lin-4 encodes small RNAs with antisense complementarity to lin-14. (chinbullbotany.com)
- Rosalind C Lee, Rhonda L Feinbaum, Victor Anbros.The C. elegans heterochronic gene lin-4 encodes small RNAs with antisense complementarity to lin-14[J]. Cell, 1993, 75: 843-854. (tea-science.com)
Molecule1
- In molecular biology mir-398 microRNA is a short RNA molecule. (wikipedia.org)
Roles4
- Therefore, specific roles of miR159 in rice could be explored by down regulating miR159 through STTM. (biomedcentral.com)
- Emerging evidences suggest that long non-protein coding RNAs (npcRNAs) are developmentally regulated and play roles in development and stress responses of plants. (biomedcentral.com)
- Emerging evidences also suggest that long npcRNAs are developmentally regulated and responsive to external stimuli, and play roles in development and stress responses of plants and disease in human. (biomedcentral.com)
- These RNA molecules are transcribed from the genome but do not encode proteins, and they have diverse roles in plant growth, development, stress responses, and other biological processes. (mdpi.com)
Maize1
- However, identification of long npcRNAs is limited to a few plant species, such as Arabidopsis, rice and maize, no systematic identification of long npcRNAs and their responses to abiotic and biotic stresses is reported in wheat. (biomedcentral.com)
COOLAIR1
- In Arabidopsis , long npcRNA, COOLAIR (cold induced long antisense intragenic RNA), is cold-induced FLC antisense transcripts, and has an early role in the epigenetic silencing of FLC and to silence FLC transcription transiently [ 19 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Post-transcriptional2
- An RNA-directed nuclease mediates post-transcriptional gene silencing in Drosophilacells. (chinbullbotany.com)
- miR172 regulates the expression of AP2 at the post-transcriptional or translational levels, thus regulating plant floral development, phase transition, spikelet morphology, tuber and fruit development, nodulation in legumes and stress response. (chinbullbotany.com)
Rice1
- Our data suggests that in rice, miR159 positively regulates organ size, including stem, leaf, and grain size due to the promotion of cell division. (biomedcentral.com)
Molecular2
- Molecular mechanism of microRNA396 mediating pistil development in Arabidopsis. (chinbullbotany.com)
- Brodersen P, Voinnet O.Revisiting the principles of microRNA target recognition and mode of action[J]. Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biologyl, 2009, 10(2): 141-148. (tea-science.com)
MiR1561
- miR156-targeted SPL10 controls Arabidopsis root meristem activity and root-derived de novo shoot regeneration via cytokinin responses. (chinaagrisci.com)
Genome1
- Recent studies suggest that most of the genome are transcribed, among the transcripts only a small portion encode for proteins, whereas a large portion of the transcripts do not encode any proteins, which are generally termed non-protein coding RNAs (npcRNA). (biomedcentral.com)
Important regulators1
- Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been identified as important regulators of gene expression in plants. (mdpi.com)
Induces1
- TPX2 regulated by miR-29c-3p induces cell proliferation in osteosarcoma via the AKT signaling pathway. (xenbase.org)
Stimuli1
- Upon elimination of PNY (PENNYWISE) and PNF (POUNDFOOLISH) function in Arabidopsis , SAM remained in a vegetative state as it could not perceive the inductive signals, which suggested the connection between meristem architecture and their response potential to floral stimuli [ 3 ]. (jabonline.in)
Responses1
- Sunkar R, Li Y F, Jagadeeswaran G.Functions of microRNAs in plant stress responses[J]. Trends in Plant Science, 2012, 17(4): 196-203. (tea-science.com)
Identification1
- In this study, we focused on the identification of small and medium-sized non-coding RNA using a computational approach and managed to predict 2,233 ncRNAs and 369 ncRNAs in the E . guineensis and G . boninense genomes, respectively. (mabjournal.com)
Proteins1
- There are many AGO1-like proteins in animals and other eukaryotes as well, indicating that the RNA-induced silencing complex is of ancient evolutionary origin, and that microRNA-mediated regulation of gene expression is shared among many eukaryotes. (sciencedaily.com)
Small5
- Growth-Regulating Factors (GRFs): a small transcription factor family with important functions in plant biology. (chinbullbotany.com)
- Among them, some were precursors of small RNAs such as microRNAs and siRNAs, two long npcRNAs were identified as signal recognition particle (SRP) 7S RNA variants, and three were characterized as U3 snoRNAs. (biomedcentral.com)
- He L, Hannon G J.MicroRNAs: small RNAs with a big role in gene regulation[J]. Nature Reviews Genetics, 2004, 5(7): 522-531. (tea-science.com)
- Mallory A C, Vaucheret H.Functions of microRNAs and related small RNAs in plants[J]. Nature Genetics, 2006, 386: S31-S36. (tea-science.com)
- Sunkar R, Zhu J K.Novel and stress-regulated microRNAs and other small RNAs from Arabidopsis[J]. Plant Cell, 2004, 16(8): 2001-2019. (tea-science.com)
Populus1
- Conservation and divergence of microRNAs in Populus. (chinaagrisci.com)
20001
- The 21-nucleotide let-7 RNA regulates developmental timing in Caenorhabditis elegans[J]. Nature, 2000, 403(6772): 901-906. (tea-science.com)
Auxin2
- The plant hormone indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), commonly referred to as auxin, plays a major role in regulating plant growth and development. (sciencedaily.com)
- Auxin is known to be a major regulator of adventitious root formation and normal Arabidopsis plants form multiple adventitious roots on the hypocotyl (stem just above the root) when treated with auxin but the ago1 mutants do not. (sciencedaily.com)
Transcription1
- miR396a-Mediated basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor bHLH74 repression acts as a regulator for root growth in Arabidopsis seedlings. (chinbullbotany.com)
Developmental1
- Arabidopsis ago1 mutants lacking the AGO1 protein have numerous severe developmental defects, supporting the notion that regulation by microRNAs is critical for normal plant growth. (sciencedaily.com)
Development6
- These changes were correlated with dramatic development defects in leaves, roots, and flowers, showing that microRNA-mediated regulation of ARF17 is essential for normal plant development. (sciencedaily.com)
- A zinc finger protein gene ZFP5 integrates phytohormone signalling to control root hair development in Arabidopsis. (chinaagrisci.com)
- Noncoding RNA in development. (mabjournal.com)
- Carrington J C, Ambros V.Role of microRNAs in plant and animal development[J]. Science, 2003, 301(5631): 336-338. (tea-science.com)
- Chen X.A microRNA as a translational repressor of APETALA2 in Arabidopsis flower development[J]. Science, 2004, 303(5666): 2022-2025. (tea-science.com)
- RNA localization during early development of the axolotl. (xenbase.org)
Phosphate1
- compared the change of root system architecture of Arabidopsis in homogeneous, heterogeneous provision of nitrate and phosphate, founded that the primary root length was decreased with increasing availability of nitrate, while increased with more supply of phosphate. (frontiersin.org)
AGO11
- A second report focuses on the function of the protein ARGONAUTE1 (AGO1), a major component of the RNA-induced silencing complex in Arabidopsis. (sciencedaily.com)
Expression2
- Thus, many of the basic functionalities for microfluidic single cell gene expression analysis have been demonstrated in isolation, including cell manipulation and trapping (9, 10), RNA purification and cDNA synthesis (11-13), and microfluidic qPCR (14) following off-chip cell isolation cDNA synthesis and preamplification. (justia.com)
- Cardiac microRNA expression profile in response to estivation. (xenbase.org)
Sequence1
- Ameres, S. L. & Zamore, P. D. Diversifying microRNA sequence and function. (nature.com)
Protein3
- MicroRNAs are ~22 nucleotide long RNA molecules that provide substrate specificity to a protein complex known as the RNA-induced silencing complex. (sciencedaily.com)
- Protein phosphatase 2A holoenzymes regulate leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 phosphorylation and accumulation. (xenbase.org)
- Inhibition of interleukin-1β plays a protective role in Alzheimer's disease by promoting microRNA-9-5p and downregulating targeting protein for xenopus kinesin-like protein 2. (xenbase.org)
Interaction1
- The studies have demonstrated the importance of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in the interaction between oil palm and G . boninense . (mabjournal.com)
Growth2
- In addition, it is unclear if the microRNA-mediated mechanism related to root growth complies with a common mechanism in monocots and dicots under N deficiency. (frontiersin.org)
- Ectopic of miR396 suppresses GRF target gene and alters leaf growth in Arabidopsis. (chinbullbotany.com)