Regulate hepcidin hepcidin gene. Medical search. Frequent questions

The HFE gene encodes the HFE protein, which regulates the production of hepcidin. (jillcarnahan.com)
One well-known form is iron-refractory iron deficiency anemia (IRIDA), caused by germline mutations in the TMPRSS6 (transmembrane serine protease 6) gene, which encodes a transmembrane protein that regulates production of hepcidin, a protein involved in iron absorption. (msdmanuals.com)
The formation of this protein complex triggers the production of hepcidin. (mdwiki.org)

Juvenile hemochromatosis (JH) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by severe early-onset iron overload, caused by mutations in hemojuvelin (HJV), hepcidin (HAMP), or a combination of genes regulating iron metabolism. (nih.gov)
Direct sequencing of hemochromatosis genes (HFE-TfR2-HJV-HAMP-FPN-1) was performed in the children and siblings. (nih.gov)
Hemochromatosis type 2 is caused by genetic changes (mutations or pathogenic variants) to the HFE2 ( HJV) or HAMP __ genes. (rareguru.com)
Hemochromatosis type 2 is caused by genetic changes ( mutations or pathogenic variants) in the HFE2 __ (also known as HJV) or HAMP genes . (rareguru.com)
The HAMP gene provides instructions to the body to make a protein called hepcidin. (rareguru.com)
Pathogenic variants in the HAMP gene cause hepcidin to not be able to limit iron absorption when there is already too much iron in the body. (rareguru.com)
This means that people with hemochromatosis type 2 have a genetic change ( mutation or pathogenic variant) in both copies of the HFE2 __ ( HJV ) or HAMP genes in each cell of the body. (rareguru.com)
Other variations include type 2 HH which is caused by mutations in either the HJV or HAMP gene, type 3 HH by mutations in the TFR2 gene, and type 4 HH by mutations in the SLC11A3 gene. (unboundmedicine.com)
expression of BCL2 and MYOD1, ATF4-dependent transcriptional activation of asparagine synthetase (ASNS), CEBPA-dependent transcriptional activation of hepcidin (HAMP) and CEBPB-mediated expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG). (affbiotech.com)

It may be a component of the signaling pathway which activates hepcidin or it may act as a modulator of hepcidin expression. (nih.gov)
This in turn activates the SMAD signaling pathway to induce hepcidin expression. (diff.org)

Hepcidin binds to ferroportin resulting in decreased export of iron out of cells. (eurekalert.org)
In the study, Kaplan and researchers from the University of Utah and University of California, Los Angeles report that they have identified the hepcidin-binding domain (HBD), the specific site where hepcidin binds to ferroportin. (eurekalert.org)
When the HFE protein is not bound to transferrin receptor 1, it binds to a group of other proteins that includes hepcidin. (mdwiki.org)
Hepcidin then binds to ferroportin-1 ( FPN1 ) on the surface of macrophages , enterocytes and hepatocytes . (diff.org)
Hepcidin attaches (binds) to ferroportin and causes it to be broken down when the body's iron supplies are normal. (medlineplus.gov)

For this article, we'll focus on the most common type of hemochromatosis: Hereditary (type 1) hemochromatosis, which is mainly caused by mutations in the HFE gene on chromosome 6. (jillcarnahan.com)
However, when mutations in the HFE gene disrupt expression of hepcidin, too much iron can be released. (jillcarnahan.com)
However, when mutations are present in the HFE gene, there is no negative feedback mechanism to tell the body to stop absorbing iron. (jillcarnahan.com)
Significance of Hereditary Hemochromatosis Gene (HFE) Mutations in Chronic Hepatitis C and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients in Egypt: A Pilot Study. (cdc.gov)
This assay can readily detect variations in hepcidin levels in the blood due to mutations in genes that are known to affect hepcidin levels, as well as mutations in other genes involved in iron metabolism. (eurekalert.org)
It is caused by mutations in the PKLR gene. (medscape.com)
Researchers have identified more than 37 mutations in the SLC40A1 gene that cause a form of hereditary hemochromatosis called ferroportin disease, which is also sometimes referred to as type 4 hemochromatosis. (medlineplus.gov)
Almost all SLC40A1 gene mutations change a single protein building block (amino acid) in ferroportin. (medlineplus.gov)
HH includes at least four types of iron overload conditions, which involve gene mutations that alter iron metabolism. (unboundmedicine.com)
Type 1 HH is caused by mutations in the HFE gene (most frequently C282Y and/or H63D ), and it is the most common form of HH overall. (unboundmedicine.com)
Other rare types of HH exist as a result of different gene mutations. (unboundmedicine.com)
Factors contributing to variable expressivity include different mutations in the same gene, mitigating or exacerbating genes, and environmental factors. (unboundmedicine.com)
Mutations in the protein hemojuvelin are the most common cause of juvenile hemochromatosis, and recent research has demonstrated a key role for hemojuvelin in regulating hepcidin expression in the liver, primarily through incompletely defined interactions with bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), growth factors with multiple effects on growth, development, and tissue repair. (ohsu.edu)
Mutations within the genes encoding these lamins trigger uncommon ailments, collectively known as laminopathies. (aetox.com)

Pigeon C, Ilyin G, Courselaud B, Leroyer P, Turlin B, Brissot P, Loreal O: A new mouse liver-specific gene, encoding a protein homologous to human antimicrobial peptide hepcidin, is overexpressed during iron overload. (karger.com)
Hepcidin, originally identified as a 25 amino acid (aa) antimicrobial peptide made in the liver, is a small peptide hormone that has been shown to be the long-sought regulator of iron metabolism in humans and mice. (auburn.edu)
In the current study, it was found that in channel catfish hepcidin transcript levels in the liver were increased by 4, 19, and 22 fold at 4, 24, and 48 hours post Edwardsiella ictaluri challenge, respectively. (auburn.edu)
Inflammatory cytokines suppress erythropoiesis in the BM and stimulate hepcidin production in the liver, which impacts iron absorption and mobilization negatively. (haaselab.org)
Inflammatory cytokines stimulate hepcidin production in the liver and lead to reduced ferroportin surface expression and hypoferremia. (haaselab.org)
Iron balance in the body is regulated by the interaction between a liver-produced hormone called hepcidin and the iron transporting receptor ferroportin. (eurekalert.org)
The amount and distribution of iron thus need to be tightly regulated by the liver-expressed hormone hepcidin. (ox.ac.uk)
NRF2 was recently identified as the molecular sensor of iron-induced oxidative stress and is responsible for BMP6 expression by liver sinusoidal endothelial cells, which in turn activates hepcidin synthesis by hepatocytes to restore systemic iron levels. (ox.ac.uk)
The BMP/SMAD pathway in the liver is critical for hepcidin control, and we show that EPO suppressed hepcidin and other BMP target genes in vivo in a partially ERFE-dependent manner. (ox.ac.uk)
[16] The HFE gene provides instructions for producing a protein that is located on the surface of cells, primarily liver and intestinal cells. (mdwiki.org)
So, it is likely that the HFE protein regulates iron levels in liver cells by preventing transferrin from binding to transferrin receptor 1. (mdwiki.org)
Hepcidin is produced by the liver, and it determines how much iron is absorbed from the diet and released from storage sites in the body. (mdwiki.org)
Hepcidin , a small peptide synthesized in the liver , controls extracellular iron by regulating its intestinal absorption, placental transport, recycling by macrophages, and release from stores. (diff.org)
We also measured arthritis severity in these mice and the amount of hepcidin transcripts produced by the liver and spleen. (biomedcentral.com)
To maximize intestinal iron absorption in cGKI -/- mice hepcidin mRNA levels are down regulated in the liver. (biomedcentral.com)
In the liver ferritin levels and hepcidin mRNA levels are increased. (biomedcentral.com)
Control is exerted at the level of iron absorption from the small intestine and released from macrophages by a small liver-derived peptide hormone termed hepcidin that blocks both of these processes. (ohsu.edu)
Research in this paper demonstrates direct actions of hemojuvelin on several classes of BMPs, and shows that soluble naturally occurring forms of hemojuvelin can inhibit binding of BMP2 and BMP6 to their cell-surface receptors, thus antagonizing BMP-mediated signaling pathways and blocking BMP-stimulated gene expression in liver cells. (ohsu.edu)

[ 1 ] The increased oxidative stress associated with all of these factors has been shown to reduce hepatic expression of the gene encoding hepcidin, a regulator of iron absorption and metabolism, thus increasing iron absorption and iron overload. (medscape.com)
To determine the possible role of sTfR1 as a signaling mechanism for iron absorption, a hydrodynamic gene transfer technique was established to express transfected plasmid constructs of human sTfR1 (hsTfR1) and murine sTfR1 (msTfR1) from the livers of C57BL/6 mice. (karger.com)
Iron absorption, serum iron levels and hepcidin expression were then measured. (karger.com)
Although expression of high levels of sTfR1 significantly increased serum iron levels, repeated experiments showed that neither hsTfR1 nor msTfR1 had any effect on iron absorption or hepcidin mRNA expression levels. (karger.com)
Hepcidin controls iron absorption in the small intestine. (rareguru.com)
is also stabilized, increasing the expression of genes involved in dietary iron absorption. (ox.ac.uk)
Considering the tissue distribution of ferroportin, the hepcidin-ferroportin interaction explains the efferent arm of iron homeostasis because it can control the iron absorption in the duodenum, as well as the release of iron from macrophages and hepatocytes. (diff.org)
It is suggested that hepcidin also decreases expression of proteins involved in intestinal iron absorption, such as duodenal cytochrome-b ( Dcytb ) and divalent metal transporter-1 ( DMT1 ), although the mechanism and extent of control is unknown. (diff.org)
Hepcidin induction by iron is homeostatic because increased plasma hepcidin would act to inhibit further intestinal iron absorption and iron release from stores. (diff.org)
Types 1 to 3 HH involve a deficiency in an iron-regulating hormone named hepcidin, which causes increased intestinal absorption of iron through excessive expression of ferroportin (a transmembrane protein that transports iron out of the cell and into the bloodstream). (unboundmedicine.com)
Hepcidin levels are reduced in hemochromatosis, leading to excessive and inappropriate iron absorption. (ohsu.edu)

Erythropoietin (EPO) enhances erythroferrone (ERFE) synthesis by erythroblasts, and ERFE suppresses hepatic hepcidin production through an unknown mechanism. (ox.ac.uk)
We conclude that ERFE suppresses hepcidin by inhibiting hepatic BMP/SMAD signaling via preferentially impairing an evolutionarily closely related BMP subgroup of BMP5, BMP6, and BMP7. (ox.ac.uk)
When iron levels are high, molecules such as the hemochromatosis gene product ( HFE ), hemojuvelin ( HJV ) and transferrin receptor 2 ( TfR2 ) increase hepatic hepcidin expression. (diff.org)

[ 9 ] Accumulating porphyrins in hepatocytes may then further down-regulate hepcidin gene expression. (medscape.com)
Increased erythropoietic activity in the BM produces growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) and erythroferrone, which have been shown suppress hepcidin in hepatocytes. (haaselab.org)
Although hepatocytes are the main sources of hepcidin, and the simplest model would place the iron sensor there (Fig 1), it is not certain that iron sensing takes place in hepatocytes. (diff.org)
Thus hepcidin levels decrease, its inhibitory effects diminish, and more iron is made available from the diet and from the storage pool in macrophages and hepatocytes. (diff.org)
Hepcidin, an iron regulatory protein, is produced by hepatocytes and macrophages in response to proinflammatory stimuli. (biomedcentral.com)

However, augmented hepcidin expression in the gut and olfactory sac was detected only at 48 h post infection. (auburn.edu)

Ethanol intake, estrogen therapies, hemochromatosis genes, and hepatitis and human immunodeficiency viral infections are among these contributory factors. (medscape.com)
MRI-Based Iron Phenotyping and Patient Selection for Next-Generation Sequencing of Non-Homeostatic Iron Regulator Hemochromatosis Genes. (cdc.gov)

The product of this gene is involved in iron metabolism. (nih.gov)
Schematic overview of HIF-regulated genes involved in iron metabolism shown in red. (haaselab.org)

On the other hand, the most variable external segment ES5 was proposed to be responsible for the endurance of ferroportin to hepcidin variation. (auburn.edu)

The hepcidin mRNA lacks any stem-loop structures containing the consensus IRE motif for binding of iron-regulatory proteins. (diff.org)

Hepcidin, ferritin and transferrin receptor gene expression was evaluated by PCR. (unimi.it)
Results: GN-11 cells express hepcidin, ferritin and transferrin receptor genes. (unimi.it)
Frequency of Hereditary Hemochromatosis Gene (HFE) Variants in Sri Lankan Transfusion-Dependent Beta-Thalassemia Patients and Their Association With the Serum Ferritin Level. (cdc.gov)
In this study, we evaluated serum hepcidin, transferrin saturation, ferritin, IL-6, IL-1, and hemoglobin levels in M. arthritidis injected C3H/HeJ (TLR2 +/+ , TLR4 -/- ) mice and C3H/HeSnJ (TLR2 +/+ , TLR4 +/+ ) mice over a 21 day period. (biomedcentral.com)
Serum ferritin levels decreased in the testosterone group in parallel with hepcidin but remained unchanged in the placebo group Figure 4C. (consfuturo.com)

Recent Advances: In macrophages, NRF2 regulates genes involved in haemoglobin catabolism, iron storage, and iron export. (ox.ac.uk)

In this study, Kaplan and his colleagues found that the fish hepcidin which is the same length as human hepcidin was able to bind to the HBD at temperatures as low as 4°C but had very little antibacterial activity at both 4°C and 37°C. This discovery provides insight into the evolution of hepcidin among vertebrates. (eurekalert.org)
Human hepcidin has both iron- and bacteria-related activities, while fish hepcidin genes evolved to separate these functions. (eurekalert.org)
Although the human hepcidin promoter contains several consensus binding sites for hypoxia-inducible factor , these are not typical and not conserved in other mammals, and the molecular pathways that regulate hepcidin in response to hypoxia are not known [T Ganz et al, 2006] . (diff.org)

By contrast, increased erythropoietic activity suppresses hepcidin expression, as do anemia and hypoxia. (diff.org)

Some types of hereditary hemochromatosis are associated with inappropriately low levels of hepcidin in the blood. (eurekalert.org)
Perhaps the best clue about hepcidin regulation by iron comes from the studies of genes involved in hereditary hemochromatosis. (diff.org)

Infection and inflammation can result in cytokines, such as interleukin-6 ( IL-6 ) stimulating hepcidin expression through molecular pathways that could include binding of STAT3 to the hepcidin promoter. (diff.org)

Two hepcidin genes were identified in the X. tropicalis frog but only tHEP2 was responsive to iron loading, indicating a possible role of tHEP2 in the regulation of iron homeostasis. (auburn.edu)
These preliminary data suggested that X. tropicalis could be a promising animal model which allows us to separate some features of the regulation of hepcidin expression at the transcriptional level. (auburn.edu)
More recently, the Haase lab investigated the role of HIF in the regulation of hepcidin and was able to show that the hypoxic suppression of hepcidin occurs indirectly through HIF-2-mediated stimulation of erythropoiesis. (haaselab.org)
Because hepcidin regulation is defective, hepcidin levels are inappropriately elevated despite iron deficiency. (msdmanuals.com)
However, the mechanism of hepcidin regulation by iron is turning out to be unexpectedly complex. (diff.org)
In conclusion, serum hepcidin regulation in C3H/HeJ mice does not appear to be solely dependent upon TLR4 or IL-6. (biomedcentral.com)
Little is known regarding the regulation of hepcidin in inflammatory states. (biomedcentral.com)

This month's featured paper was published in the August 6, 2010 edition of the Journal of Biological Chemistry, and is entitled " Soluble repulsive guidance molecule c/hemojuvelin is a broad spectrum bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) antagonist and inhibits both BMP2- and BMP6-mediated signaling and gene expression . (ohsu.edu)
We discovered hemojuvelin as a novel gene expressed in muscle cells as part of another research project, teamed up with Ujwal Shinde because of his expertise in protein analysis and function, and followed up other observations to study the biochemistry of hemojuvelin's actions on BMPs. (ohsu.edu)

And since our bodies have no way to excrete iron, you can see why iron levels are so tightly regulated. (jillcarnahan.com)
The amount of iron is tightly regulated within the body and detrimental consequences arise from both its deficiency and excess. (ohsu.edu)

Pathogenic variants in the HFE2 ( HJV) gene, cause this protein to not be able to regulate hepcidin. (rareguru.com)
Therefore, pathogenic variants in either of these genes cause iron to accumulate in tissues and organs, which can result in organ damage. (rareguru.com)
Thus, some people with pathogenic variants of the TFR2 gene may never present symptoms related to the disease. (mdwiki.org)

Activation of chemomigration-related cell signaling (extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC)) was evaluated by Western blot analysis. (unimi.it)
Further, it regulates osteoblastic extracellular matrix such as osteopontin (OPN), osteocalcin (OCN), bone sialoprotein (BSP) in late differentiation. (frontiersin.org)

Erythroferrone inhibits the induction of hepcidin by BMP6. (ox.ac.uk)
Hepcidin inhibits the cellular efflux of iron by binding to and inducing the degradation of ferroportin (FPN) , the sole iron exporter in iron-transporting cells, thereby blocking iron flow into plasma. (diff.org)
Acts as a dominant-negative regulator of C/EBP-induced transcription: dimerizes with members of the C/EBP family, impairs their association with C/EBP binding sites in the promoter regions, and inhibits the expression of C/EBP regulated genes. (affbiotech.com)

The gene involved with patients diagnosed with type 3 hemochromatosis is TFR2 ( or HFE3). (mdwiki.org)
However, the pathway by which HFE and TfR2 induce hepcidin expression is unclear. (diff.org)

Through releasing the peptide hormone hepcidin, it can control how much iron is absorbed by the intestines, used in body processes, and stored in various organs. (thetribune.ca)

via inactivation of iron-dependent PHD dioxygenases, causing an erythropoietic stimulus that represses hepcidin via an inhibitory effect of erythroferrone on bone morphogenetic proteins. (ox.ac.uk)
H. pylori express FrpB1, FrpB2 and FrpB3 proteins to scavenge iron and they are regulated according to availability of iron source, maybe in order to withstand the extreme environment present in the stomach. (walshmedicalmedia.com)

As the master regulator of iron homeostasis in the body, hepcidin acts by binding and degrading the transmembrane protein ferroportin to keep it from releasing too much iron into the bloodstream. (jillcarnahan.com)

The hydrodynamic gene transfer technique proved to be an effective approach to achieving sustained expression of sTfR1 in mice. (karger.com)
E. coli -derived recombinant GroEL expressed from DNA coding for the consensus sequence of 32 GroEL gene sequences extracted from the GenBank database was used to immunize rabbits and mice. (jsce-ip.com)
Both mice had an increase in serum hepcidin within three days after infection. (biomedcentral.com)
Hepcidin levels were greater in C3H/HeJ mice despite a nonfunctioning TLR4 and low serum levels of IL-6. (biomedcentral.com)
Splenic hepcidin production in C3H/HeJ mice was delayed compared to C3H/HeSnJ mice. (biomedcentral.com)
Compared to C3H/HeSnJ mice, C3H/HeJ mice have a mutant lps d gene that leads to a hypofunctional TLR4 [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Mice injected with Borrelia burgdorferi develop severe arthritis and increased serum levels of hepcidin. (biomedcentral.com)
To determine if hepcidin could be expressed independent of TLR4 activation, we measured serum hepcidin levels in C3H/HeJ mice (TLR2 +/+ , TLR4 -/- ) and compared the values to C3H/HeSnJ mice (TLR2 +/+ , TLR4 +/+ ) after infection with M. arthritidis . (biomedcentral.com)

Two uORFs in the 5' UTR negatively regulate the expression and activity of the encoded protein. (nih.gov)
Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) is not only a protein but also a lipid phosphatase that can negatively regulate the serine/threonine kinase Akt [ 3 ]. (oncotarget.com)

Specifically, we have identified HIF-2 as the key regulator of renal EPO synthesis and have established that HIF coordinates erythropoiesis with iron metabolism by directly regulating iron uptake and release. (haaselab.org)

It could also represent the cellular receptor for hepcidin. (nih.gov)
It is well known that metal homeostasis plays an important role in regulating cellular functions [ 9 ]. (hindawi.com)

In vitro, ERFE decreased SMAD1, SMAD5, and SMAD8 phosphorylation and inhibited expression of BMP target genes. (ox.ac.uk)
Wild-type p53 itself acts by regulating and promoting the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, for instance by enhancing cytochrome c oxidase assembly (SCO2) expression to maintain cytochrome c oxidase complex and increasing Parkin levels in cells, which increases pyruvate dehydrogenase E1α1 (PDHA1), a critical component of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex [ 11 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
It is suggested that HJV and soluble HJV (sHJV) modulates hepcidin expression through activating bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling. (diff.org)
How these three processes inhibit hepcidin expression is unclear, but they are closely related. (diff.org)

Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified for this gene. (nih.gov)

The HFE protein regulates the production of a protein called hepcidin. (mdwiki.org)
The SLC40A1 gene provides instructions for making a protein called ferroportin. (medlineplus.gov)

The amount of ferroportin available to transport iron is controlled by another iron regulatory protein, hepcidin. (medlineplus.gov)

Decreased hepcidin mobilizes iron, which facilitates erythropoiesis, but excess iron is pathogenic in β-thalassemia. (ox.ac.uk)
ERFE can act as a natural ligand trap generated by stimulated erythropoiesis to regulate the availability of iron. (ox.ac.uk)

The study on the promoter areas of the two hepcidin genes supports such notions. (auburn.edu)

The phylogenetic study revealed the co-evolution of hepcidin and its receptor ferroportin. (auburn.edu)
Its differentiation and function are mainly regulated by macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M- CSF), receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B(RANK) ( 7 ). (frontiersin.org)

Although closely related hepcidin genes and peptides have been identified in other mammals, amphibians and various fish species, it is still largely unknown whether hepcidin can regulate iron metabolism in fish and amphibians. (auburn.edu)

The levels of hepcidin transcript in the livers of catfish affected by anemia were only 14% of that of healthy catfish. (auburn.edu)
An excess of hepcidin in the blood can result in anemia and a deficiency of hepcidin causes a build-up of iron that is damaging to body organs. (eurekalert.org)
Anemia of chronic disease, or anemia of inflammation, is a form of anemia that is thought to be related to abnormally high levels of hepcidin. (eurekalert.org)
Hepcidin production is suppressed by anemia and hypoxemia. (diff.org)
Anemia caused by the upregulation of hepcidin in subjects with inflammation is known as the anemia of inflammation (AI). (biomedcentral.com)

Familial porphyria cutanea tarda most often arises from autosomal dominant inheritance of a single mutation of the UROD gene. (medscape.com)
H63D syndrome is a very rare clinical phenotype based on a homozygous mutation of the HFE gene. (wikipedia.org)
P53 is a key protein in tumor suppression encoded by the TP53 gene located on chromosome 17, its mutation being found in more than 50% of human cancers [ 1 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
A mutation in the gene HFE, which controls the amount of iron absorbed from the bloodstream, is responsible for this disease. (thetribune.ca)

Having an assay for hepcidin would make it much easier and it would also help in diagnosing iron overload diseases. (eurekalert.org)
By placing a synthetic version of that binding site on agarose beads, the researchers developed a rapid, sensitive test, called the HBD assay, for measuring the concentration of active hepcidin in the blood. (eurekalert.org)
The HBD assay developed by Kaplan and his colleagues detects biologically active hepcidin. (eurekalert.org)
Due to the similarity of the hepcidin binding site among vertebrates, the usefulness of the novel HBD assay described in this study is not limited to humans. (eurekalert.org)

FUTURE DIRECTIONS:The realization that redox-sensitive transcription factors regulate systemic iron levels suggests novel therapeutic approaches. (ox.ac.uk)

When the body is low on iron, hepcidin levels decrease and more ferroportin is available to transport iron into the bloodstream so it can be delivered to tissues throughout the body. (medlineplus.gov)

Anatomy4

Diseases6

Chemicals and Drugs23

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment1

Phenomena and Processes3

Production of hepcidin3

HAMP9

Signaling pathway2

Binds5

Mutations14

Liver18

Absorption11

Hepatic3

Hepatocytes5

Augmented hepcidin expression1

Hemochromatosis genes2

Involved in iron metabolism2

Ferroportin to hepcidin1

MRNA1

Ferritin5

Macrophages1

Human hepcidin3

Suppresses hepcidin1

Hereditary2

Cytokines1

Regulation7

Hemojuvelin2

Tightly regulated2

Pathogenic variants3

Extracellular2

Inhibits3

TFR22

Peptide hormone1

Proteins2

Regulator of iron1

Mice8

Negatively regulate2

Synthesis1

Cellular2

Expression4

Variants1

Protein called2

Iron regulatory protein1

Erythropoiesis2

Promoter1

Receptor2

Identified in other mammals1

Anemia5

Mutation4

Assay4

Transcription1

Levels decrease1