• Stem cell maintenance in the shoot is under the control of the CLAVATA-WUSCHEL (CLV-WUS) negative feedback-loop, which is tightly integrated with hormone function, in particular auxin and cytokinin that promote cell differentiation and proliferation, respectively 2 . (nature.com)
  • I then hypothesized that this network could consist of two mutually inhibitory auxin and cytokinin signalling pathway components. (uni-heidelberg.de)
  • Using in planta analysis, I was able to show that both auxin and cytokinin signalling levels are low specifically in the vascular cambium. (uni-heidelberg.de)
  • To test my hypothesis, I investigated which genes of the auxin and cytokinin pathways are regulated by WOX4, also in comparison to WUSCHEL, a stem cell regulator of the shoot apical meristem. (uni-heidelberg.de)
  • How does ethylene regulate growth? (answerlib.org)
  • Although the involvement of some plant hormones (abscisic acid, ethylene and jasmonic acid) in the regulation of wound-induced suberization has been determined, quantitative information on the remaining classical plant hormones (cytokinin, auxin and gibberellin content) in resting and wound-responding potato tuber is lacking. (usda.gov)
  • The cytokinins can mediate axillary bud release from apical dominance. (answerlib.org)
  • They are known to regulate axillary bud growth and apical dominance. (wikipedia.org)
  • Role of cytokinin and auxin in shaping root architecture: regulating vascular differentiation, lateral root initiation, root apical dominance and root gravitropism. (ac.ir)
  • Zinnia cell culture is a unique model system, which at the administration of certain ratio of cytokinins and auxins can be induced to trans-differentiate into vessel elements. (europa.eu)
  • The auxins are a major hormonal component that regulate the development speed of the plant. (farmingbazar.com)
  • Naturally seaweed contains macro & micro nutrients, amino acids, rich in trace elements, natural Hormones (Cytokinins, Gibberellins and Auxins) and N-P-K for overall growth for plants. (farmingbazar.com)
  • Wound-induced activation of cytokinin biosynthesis was suggested by the appearance of precursors (trans) zeatin riboside and (cis) zeatin riboside (t-ZR and c-ZR respectively) at 0.5 d and large increases in IPA and c-ZR by 3 d and throughout 7 d after wounding. (usda.gov)
  • We investigate the genes regulating biosynthesis and metabolism of cytokinin, cytokinin signal perception and signal transduction primarily in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana . (fu-berlin.de)
  • Thus, independent hormone biosynthesis pathways must be regulated and co-ordinated to mount an integrated response. (bvsalud.org)
  • Jasmonic acid or Salicylic acid biosynthesis pathways are co-regulated but they are unlikely to influence each others production directly. (bvsalud.org)
  • At higher concentrations of both hormones, these antagonistic interactions between cytokinin and auxin are absent. (answerlib.org)
  • Cytokinins are essential plant hormones. (answerlib.org)
  • Cytokinins (CK) are a class of plant hormones that promote cell division, or cytokinesis, in plant roots and shoots. (wikipedia.org)
  • While cytokinin action in vascular plants is described as pleiotropic, this class of plant hormones specifically induces the transition from apical growth to growth via a three-faced apical cell in moss protonema. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cytokinins are a group of plant hormones that are essential for plant development, but little is known about how a plant maintains the proper level of cytokinins necessary for normal plant growth. (usda.gov)
  • Despite the large economic and nutritional importance of tuber wound-healing, little is known about the induction of hormones that regulate molecular mechanisms and related genes controlling these processes and how they are expressed during the two major stages of wound-induced suberization, i.e. closing layer formation followed by wound periderm formation. (usda.gov)
  • May 3, 2022 In contrast to previous assumptions, the defense hormones salicylic acid and jasmonic acid do not always suppress each other in regulating plant chemical defenses against pests and pathogens. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Plants require growth hormones for their regulated growth. (biologyonline.com)
  • It also helps regulate plant hormones and enzymes. (krishnaayurved.com)
  • Besides the long-standing role of cytokinins (CKs) as growth regulators, their current positioning at the interface of development and stress responses is coming into recognition. (frontiersin.org)
  • Overexpression of ZmWUS1-B is due to multimerized binding sites for type-B RESPONSE REGULATORs (RRs), key transcription factors in cytokinin signaling. (nature.com)
  • In the course of my investigations, I identified specific type-A ARABIDOPSIS RESPONSE REGULATORs (ARRs), which negatively regulate cytokinin signalling, as putative WOX4 targets. (uni-heidelberg.de)
  • A higher ratio of cytokinin induces growth of shoot buds, while a higher ratio of auxin induces root formation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Jeremy Gagiano, Magister en Agrociencias, Universidad de Bordeaux (2019). (anid.cl)
  • Some of our research questions are: Which developmental processes are under control of cytokinin, and which genes are involved? (fu-berlin.de)
  • What are the individual functions of cytokinin-related genes? (fu-berlin.de)
  • We are studying the use of cytokinin genes to engineer plants with improved traits in oilseed rape, barley, and poplar. (fu-berlin.de)
  • This has shown that a network of just three genes that regulate each other in a specific way is sufficient to bring about the three cell fate possibilities mentioned above. (uni-heidelberg.de)
  • talks.cam : Does the wheat orthologue of the rice cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase 2 (OsCKX2) regulate grain yield in hexaploid wheat? (cam.ac.uk)
  • PCC 7120 and portrayed in genome includes a gene coding for proteins with features of cytokinin dehydrogenase, the organism struggles to breakdown cytokinins in the true way shown for property plants. (ece-inhibitor.com)
  • How are these cytokinin activities linked to other cellular signaling pathways? (fu-berlin.de)
  • Further studies showed that GmJAZ3 largely inhibited the gene expression of three cytokinin oxidase gene GmCKXs. (phys.org)
  • Cytokinin is a negative regulator of root growth and promotes the secondary growth of trees. (fu-berlin.de)
  • Cytokinin promotes the lateral growth of shoots. (edumarz.com)
  • It was hypothesized that cytokinin may affect enzymes that regulate protein synthesis and degradation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cytokinins act in concert with auxin, another plant growth hormone. (wikipedia.org)
  • Graduate Student Takema Sasaki and Professor Masayoshi Kawaguchi of the National Institute for Basic Biology, a member institute of the National Institutes of Natural Sciences, in collaboration with RIKEN, have shown that cytokinins, a kind of plant hormone, play an important role in preserving proper root nodule numbers​​ using the model plant Lotus japonicus . (nibb.ac.jp)
  • The focus of the lab is the hormone cytokinin , which is a powerful regulator of plant development and has also functions in the defense to stress. (fu-berlin.de)
  • Both auxin-dependent and auxin-independent mechanisms have been uncovered by which cytokinin stimulates the endocycle in roots . (answerlib.org)
  • These results suggest that cytokinins are an important regulatory factor of plant meristem activity and morphogenesis , with opposing roles in shoots and roots. (answerlib.org)
  • Most adenine-type cytokinins are synthesized in roots. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cytokinin moves from the roots into the shoots, eventually signaling lateral bud growth. (wikipedia.org)
  • In response to the concentration of nutrients, roots also synthesise cytokinin , which acts as a signal as to how fast the shoots can grow. (wikimili.com)
  • By stimulating cell division , they regulate shoot meristem size, leaf primordia number, and leaf and shoot growth. (answerlib.org)
  • Cytokinins promote cell division and increase cell expansion during the proliferation and expansion stages of leaf cell development, respectively. (answerlib.org)
  • A study that regulated leaf senescence in tobacco leaves found that wild-type leaves yellowed while transgenic leaves remained mostly green. (wikipedia.org)
  • and (iv) a feed-forward loop involving the osa-miR166, trihelix and HD-ZIP III transcription factors may regulate leaf senescence during drought. (bvsalud.org)
  • Researchers led by Prof. Zhang Jinsong from the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology (IGDB) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences recently reported that the GmJAZ3-GmRR18a-GmMYC2a-GmCKXs module regulates seed-related traits through the crosstalk between cytokinin and jasmonate (JA) signaling in soybean. (phys.org)
  • Yang Hu et al, GmJAZ3 interacts with GmRR18a and GmMYC2a to regulate seed traits in soybean, Journal of Integrative Plant Biology (2023). (phys.org)
  • Cytokinins are known to be involved in multiple developmental processes, including rhizogenesis (Haberer and Kieber, 2002). (answerlib.org)
  • Cytokinins are involved in many plant processes, including cell division and shoot and root morphogenesis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cytokinins have been shown to slow aging of plant organs by preventing protein breakdown, activating protein synthesis, and assembling nutrients from nearby tissues. (wikipedia.org)
  • What are the cellular responses to cytokinin? (fu-berlin.de)
  • Finally, cytokinin regulates responses to stress. (fu-berlin.de)
  • All components of the root architecture are regulated through a complex interaction between genetic responses and responses due to environmental stimuli. (wikimili.com)
  • Hypersensitivity to cytokinin causes stem cell overproliferation and major rearrangements of Bif3 inflorescence meristems, leading to the formation of ball-shaped ears and severely affecting productivity. (nature.com)
  • We have further applied this methodology on the differentially up-regulated gene-sets of rice tissues under fungal (Magnaporthe) infected conditions to demonstrate how it helps to understand the CRE-mediated combinatorial gene regulation. (bvsalud.org)
  • According to the "direct inhibition hypothesis", these effects result from the ratio of cytokinin to auxin. (wikipedia.org)
  • Do cytokinins inhibit cell division? (answerlib.org)
  • How do cytokinins regulate the cell cycle? (answerlib.org)
  • Cytokinin positively regulates cell division and also serves a key role in establishing organization within shoot stem cell centers. (answerlib.org)
  • Cytokinins were discovered during the 1950s because of their ability to induce plant cell division (1). (answerlib.org)
  • This active compound was named as Kinetin because of its ability to promote cell division and was the first cytokinin to be named. (wikipedia.org)
  • This bud induction can be pinpointed to differentiation of a specific single cell, and thus is a very specific effect of cytokinin. (wikipedia.org)
  • DZ, dihydrozeatin and IP, isopentenyladenine), which putatively regulate cell division during wound-healing, were not detected in resting or wound-responding tubers. (usda.gov)
  • Furthermore, these components could be additionally regulated by WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX4 (WOX4), an important transcription factor for stem cell regulation in the vascular cambium. (uni-heidelberg.de)
  • In conclusion, this study suggests that a mechanism of cell fate decision making in vascular cambium stem cells is based on the regulation of cytokinin signalling by WOX4 and by type-A ARRs. (uni-heidelberg.de)
  • Research program of the laboratory is aimed primary at small molecules that regulate cell division cycle, proliferation and growth of both plant and animal cells. (cas.cz)
  • Cytokinins Inhibit Lateral Root Development . (answerlib.org)
  • Does cytokinin inhibit root growth? (answerlib.org)
  • Besides auxin, cytokinin (CK) is also involved in root organogenesis. (answerlib.org)
  • Cytokinins have recently been found to play a role in plant pathogenesis. (wikipedia.org)
  • O-Glycosylation plays an important role in regulating the levels of cytokinins. (usda.gov)
  • How does cytokinin is responsible for growth and development of plant? (answerlib.org)
  • These lights are used to simulate natural daylight and promote growth and development in animals, regulate their biological rhythms, and improve their overall health and productivity. (thebusinessresearchcompany.com)
  • Auxin polar transport regulates plant growth and development. (chinbullbotany.com)
  • The Photoperiod-regulated Bud Formation of Red Pitaya (Hylocereus sp. (ashs.org)
  • Leon-Reyes discovered that if the SA response was activated just before or at the same time as the JA response, the defence mechanisms regulated by JA are suppressed. (sciencedaily.com)
  • O-glucosides are likely to be important in cytokinin storage and transport since they are resistant to dehydrogenases (oxidases) and can be converted back to free bases. (usda.gov)
  • Also in context of biological control of plant diseases cytokinins seem to have potential functions. (wikipedia.org)
  • Moreover, it has been shown that cytokinin alone has no effect on parenchyma cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • of regular bone tissue marrow cells, the expression degree of was up-regulated in 18 pretreated M2 patients significantly. (ece-inhibitor.com)