AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsInformation Science
Cell ProliferationCell DivisionCells, CulturedSignal TransductionCell CycleCell Line, TumorApoptosisCell DifferentiationBromodeoxyuridineCyclin-Dependent KinasesPhosphorylationRNA, MessengerCell SurvivalCell MovementCell LineBlotting, WesternLymphocyte ActivationImmunohistochemistryProliferating Cell Nuclear AntigenMice, Inbred C57BLCyclin-Dependent Kinase 2Ki-67 AntigenReverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionTumor Cells, CulturedCyclin-Dependent Kinase 4Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27Cyclin D1RNA, Small InterferingGene Expression Regulation, NeoplasticDown-RegulationFlow CytometryMice, KnockoutCell Growth ProcessesGene Expression RegulationCell Cycle ProteinsT-LymphocytesTransfectionStem CellsEpithelial CellsCyclinsDose-Response Relationship, DrugFibroblastsMice, TransgenicTime FactorsProtein-Serine-Threonine KinasesG1 PhaseGene ExpressionTranscription FactorsUp-RegulationThymidineCyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21RNA InterferenceMice, NudeMolecular Sequence DataMuscle, Smooth, VascularProto-Oncogene ProteinsCyclin-Dependent Kinase 5Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-aktCell CountEnzyme ActivationEnzyme InhibitorsMice, Inbred BALB CCDC2-CDC28 KinasesCell Transformation, NeoplasticS PhaseHyperplasiaDNA-Binding ProteinsDNAMitosisCyclin EMitogensTumor Suppressor ProteinsMyocytes, Smooth MuscleGrowth InhibitorsProto-Oncogene Proteins c-mycRats, Sprague-DawleyExtracellular Signal-Regulated MAP KinasesMutationBase SequenceCyclin-Dependent Kinase 6Gene Knockdown TechniquesAntineoplastic AgentsNuclear ProteinsGene Expression Regulation, DevelopmentalModels, BiologicalPhenotypeMAP Kinase Signaling SystemBreast NeoplasmsRecombinant ProteinsInterleukin-2Disease Models, AnimalMitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3Tumor Suppressor Protein p53Cell AdhesionTransforming Growth Factor betaProtein BindingPlatelet-Derived Growth FactorMitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1Phosphatidylinositol 3-KinasesGrowth Substances
ApoptosisDifferentiationCDK4 and CDK6ProgressionCyclin-dependePathwaysMigrationTissuesRegulationInhibitionMiRNAsExtracellularCellularMetastasisVitroProteinsInhibitsPhosphorylationGene expressionInhibitorExpressionAssaysInvasionPhenotypicDysregulationCyclinsTranscriptionPhenotypeMotilityUpstreamGenes that directlyCycle arrestINK4aHematopoietic stemProcessesSomaticPositivelyMutationsSignificantly decreasedIncreasesCDK2OverexpressionBiologicalProgenitorCompoundSuppression
Apoptosis18
  • This is due to them being produced in a tissue-specific manner and their roles in many aspects of cellular process, such as proliferation and apoptosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • As a consequence, any modulations of the target transcript expression, miRNAs can affect various signalling pathways and cellular process such as apoptosis, proliferation or differentiation. (ukessays.com)
  • Notably, in AR-lacking PC3 cells and in AR-depleted LNCaP cells, diminution of MYST1 activates the cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase and caspase 3 that leads to apoptosis. (mssm.edu)
  • Mechanistically, over-expression of PTTG3P up-regulated PTTG1, activated PI3K/AKT signaling and its downstream signals including cell cycle progression, cell apoptosis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-associated genes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The sub G1 peaks, which signify necrosis/apoptosis, are greater in DCS taken care of 40AF cells compared with all the handle group. (cox2-inhibitors.com)
  • Strikingly, we located enrichment of genes which might be transcriptionally regulated by two AP 1 family members members, FOSL1 and FOSL2, in M1 enrichment of NF B target genes involved during the regula tion of apoptosis in M4 enrichment of targets of AP 1 in M7 and enrich ment of predicted NF B targets in M6 itself. (hdac-inhibitors.com)
  • c-Myc (hereafter referred to as Myc) protein plays a fundamental role in cell cycle regulation, proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis by modulating the expression of a large number of targets [ 1 ]. (oncotarget.com)
  • Compound 51 inhibited the proliferation of 13 out of 15 cancer cell lines with IC50 values between 0.27 and 6.9 muM, which correlated with the complete suppression of retinoblastoma phosphorylation and the onset of apoptosis. (proteopedia.org)
  • Artemisinin - This study demonstrated that artemisinin -tagged transferrins (ART-Tf) conjugate kills the prostate carcinoma cell line DU 145 by the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis. (compassionateacupuncture.com)
  • Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) results from BCR-ABL oncogene, which blocks CML cells differentiation and protects these cells from apoptosis. (jcancer.org)
  • Here, we determined the effect of Jiyuan oridonin A (JOA), an ent -kaurene diterpenoid compound, on the differentiation blockade in imatinib-sensitive, particularly, imatinib-resistant CML cells with BCR-ABL-T315I mutation by cell proliferation assay, apoptosis analysis, cell differentiation analysis, cell cycle analysis and colony formation assay. (jcancer.org)
  • Furthermore, two HPV oncoproteins, E6 and E7, caused carcinogenesis by targeting various cellular pathways, including HPV DNA integration with host DNA, progression, disturbance of cell-cycle checkpoints, and apoptosis.Despite the success of CC prevention vaccines, therapy for the disease is significantly less satisfactory because of multidrug resistance and side effects. (pdfplayer.org)
  • Within cell cycle evaluation, we found an elevated percentage of sub-G0/G1 cells, recommending the activation of apoptosis (not really shown). (p38-mapk-inhibitors.com)
  • Taken together LCH inhibits the growth of Ox-sensitive and Ox-resistant CRC cells by targeting EGFR and AKT, and inducing ROS generation and ER stress-mediated apoptosis. (biomolther.org)
  • These mice perish before delivery and show substantial degeneration of liver organ cells due to apoptosis (10). (bibf1120.com)
  • The antiapoptotic function of NF-κB is certainly supported by many research demonstrating that NF-κB activity stops the induction of apoptosis by tumor necrosis aspect alpha ionizing rays and anticancer agencies (4) which c-Rel stops spontaneous apoptosis of B cells (52). (bibf1120.com)
  • Latest data reveal that constitutive NF-κB activation is vital for apoptosis level of resistance of various kinds of tumor cells (7 48 Oddly enough constitutive NF-κB is necessary for cell routine development of Hodgkin's lymphoma cells (7). (bibf1120.com)
  • The p53 protein is an important tumor suppressor that is essential for regulating cell division, senescence, and self-destruction (apoptosis). (medlineplus.gov)
Differentiation23
  • It has been shown that miR-129 may participate in a stem cell developmental network with EIF2C3 (eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2C, 3) and CAMTA1 (calmodulin binding transcription activator 1) with the induction of cell differentiation. (wikipedia.org)
  • It is postulated that miR-129 may affect differentiation and the cell cycle regulation by inhibiting CAMTA1 translation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Neuronal differentiation and cell-cycle programs mediate response to BET-bromodomain inhibition in MYC-driven medulloblastoma. (cancerindex.org)
  • Let-7 Let-7 has an essential role in cell cycle and the differentiation of cell cycle terminals. (ukessays.com)
  • As previously reported, 2 CDK6 overexpression can result from aberrant variable-diversity-joining (VDJ) or variable-joining (VJ) recombination, leading to the juxtaposition of the CDK6 gene with the Ig gene enhancer during B-cell differentiation. (ashpublications.org)
  • All-trans retinoic acid (RA) is the most active metabolite of vitamin A. Several studies have described a pivotal role for RA signalling in different biological processes such as cell growth and differentiation, embryonic development and organogenesis. (mdpi.com)
  • This can be consistent with our previ ously reported observation that JNK2 action is inhibitory to differentiation of 40AF cells. (cox2-inhibitors.com)
  • 13 So, in one,25D resistant 40AF cells HPK1 doesn't seem inhibitor checkpoint inhibitors to signal differentiation with the JNK pathway. (cox2-inhibitors.com)
  • The pan caspase inhibitor Q VD OPh even more enhances DCS induced differentiation of 40AF cells by inhibition of HPK1 cleavage. (cox2-inhibitors.com)
  • 33 35 The pan caspase inhib itor Q VD OPh considerably increases differentiation of DCS handled 40AF cells. (cox2-inhibitors.com)
  • 38 Consistent together with the greater differentiation, G1 arrest also increases when QVD is utilised to inhibit HPK1 cleavage in DCS treated 40AF cells. (cox2-inhibitors.com)
  • A series of cellular pathophysiological mechanisms involved in AS (e.g., differentiation, proliferation, and signalling pathways) are under the control of miRNAs. (hindawi.com)
  • Be it for development, differentiation, stemness, or sex chromosome dosage compensation, stable, cell specific regulation of gene expression is essential for normal function ( 1 ). (aacrjournals.org)
  • Indeed, early cancer research focused on the fact that neoplastic cells have aberrant gene expression and differentiation states, pointing to shared mechanisms between normal development and cancer ( 2 ). (aacrjournals.org)
  • We found that JOA at lower concentration significantly inhibited the proliferation of CML cells expressing mutant BCR-ABL (T315I mutation included) and wild-type BCR-ABL, which was due to that JOA induced the cell differentiation and the cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase. (jcancer.org)
  • Mechanistically, the cell differentiation mediated by JOA may be originated from the inhibition of BCR-ABL/c-MYC signaling in CML cells expressing wild-type BCR-ABL and BCR-ABL-T315I. (jcancer.org)
  • JOA displayed the activity of inhibiting the BCR-ABL and promoted differentiation of not only imatinib -sensitive but also imatinib -resistant cells with BCR-ABL mutation, which could become a potent lead compound to overcome the imatinib -resistant induced by inhibitors of BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase in CML therapy. (jcancer.org)
  • BCR-ABL oncogene encodes a BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase (TK), which triggers different downstream targets including c-Myc, STAT5 and CrkL, which participated in the control of cell differentiation, proliferation, migration and other cellular behaviors [ 3 - 5 ]. (jcancer.org)
  • In this study, we investigated how higher-order chromatin structure modulates differential expression of the human INK4b-ARF-INK4a locus during progenitor cell differentiation, cellular ageing and senescence of cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We found that INK4b and INK4a , but not ARF , are upregulated following the differentiation of haematopoietic progenitor cells, in ageing fibroblasts and in senescing malignant rhabdoid tumour cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • During progenitor cell differentiation and ageing, PcG silencer EZH2 attenuates, causing loss of PRC binding and transcriptional activation of INK4b and INK4a . (biomedcentral.com)
  • Developmentally regulated EZH2 levels are one of the factors that can determine the higher order chromatin structure and expression pattern of the INK4b-ARF-INK4a locus, coupling human progenitor cell differentiation to proliferation control. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Development and homeostasis require the coordinate regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation. (biomedcentral.com)
CDK4 and CDK65
  • The profiling of compound 51 against a panel of 339 kinases revealed high selectivity for CDKs, with preference for CDK2 and CDK5 over CDK9, CDK1, CDK4, and CDK6. (proteopedia.org)
  • p15 INK4b and p16 INK4a are closely related proteins and both act on the Rb-pathway through the inhibition of the proliferation-promoting cyclin-dependent kinases CDK4 and CDK6. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The p16 family (p15, p16, p18 and p19) binds to and inhibits the activities of CDK4 and CDK6. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The p16(INK4A) protein attaches (binds) to two other proteins called CDK4 and CDK6. (medlineplus.gov)
  • CDK4 and CDK6 normally stimulate the cell to continue through the cycle and divide. (medlineplus.gov)
Progression20
  • These results correlate with the notion that high levels of miR-129 and low SOX4 and GALNT1 levels correlate to cancer cell progression. (wikipedia.org)
  • This kinase is a catalytic subunit of the protein kinase complex that is important for cell cycle G1 phase progression and G1/S transition. (cancerindex.org)
  • T he presence and activity of various proteins are required in the cell cycle progression. (ukessays.com)
  • 2 , 3 CDK6 together with CDK4 are serine/threonine kinases that positively regulate the G1 phase progression in association with D-type cyclin. (ashpublications.org)
  • Overexpression of CDK6 is considered to contribute to leukemogenesis through dysregulation of cell proliferation, thereby favoring progression through the G1 phase. (ashpublications.org)
  • As a new modulator, lncRNAs have been shown to regulate tumor progression [ 6 ]. (oncotarget.com)
  • Senescent cells (SnCs) have been described to accumulate in osteoarthritis (OA) joint tissues in response to injury, thereby participating in OA development and progression. (aging-us.com)
  • Indeed, senescent cells (SnCs) are described to accumulate in joint tissues in response to injury and during aging, thereby participating in its development and progression [ 8 - 10 ]. (aging-us.com)
  • Modulating miR-320d function by transfection of miR-320 mimics or inhibitor led to inhibition or promotion of GCA cell proliferation and invasion, thus regulating tumor progression in GCA-tumor bearing mice. (biomedcentral.com)
  • EIF5B (Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factor 5B) is a conserved eukaryotic translation factor that mediates association of the 40S and 60S ribosomal subunits during eukaryotic translation initiation, and modulates the cell cycle progression by regulating the translation of upstream open reading frames (uORF)-containing mRNAs such as p27 and p21 [ 3 ]. (techscience.com)
  • These data suggest that EIF5B functions as an oncogene that promotes cancer cell growth, survival, and progression. (techscience.com)
  • This miRNA functions as a tumor suppressor and dysregulation or loss of the host gene from which this miRNA is processed is associated with cancer progression in numerous cell types. (cancerindex.org)
  • Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are serine/threonine protein kinases that act as key regulatory elements in cell cycle progression. (proteopedia.org)
  • Cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 10, is reported to play an essential role in the progression from the G2 to M phase of the cell cycle. (jcancer.org)
  • Deregulation of cell cycle progression is considered to be critical for carcinogenesis ( 9 ). (jcancer.org)
  • They were nanoscale membrane vesicles that were generated by most types of cells, which can convey information in the tumor microenvironment by transferring cargos such as DNA, RNA, proteins and lipids, therefore they are critical to tumor progression [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Nevertheless a direct hyperlink between NF-κB activity and cell routine progression remains to become set up. (bibf1120.com)
  • The progression of cells through the cell cycle is regulated by a family of protein kinases known as the cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). (biomedcentral.com)
  • The sequential activation of the members of this family and their phosphorylation of certain substrates promotes the progression through the cell cycle. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, binding of p16(INK4A) blocks CDK4's or CDK6's ability to stimulate cell cycle progression. (medlineplus.gov)
Cyclin-depende1
Pathways7
  • The DEmRNAs were mainly enriched in tumorigenesis‑associated GO terms (angiogenesis, positive regulation of cell proliferation, positive regulation of fibroblast apoptotic processes and regulation of neutrophil migration) and pathways (Hippo signaling pathway, cancer pathways, and Wnt signaling pathway). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
  • Other above represented cell adhe sion pathways include things like integrins, adherens junctions, nectins, and tight junctions. (hdac-inhibitors.com)
  • Differentially regulated pathways were characteristic of high-grade meningiomas. (nature.com)
  • In a recent study functional themes associated with Gleason grade include developmental processes, signal transduction, chemokine and embryonic stem cell pathways with specific enrichment of the androgen receptor, EGFR, TNF-alpha, and Notch signaling cascades. (compassionateacupuncture.com)
  • In addition to these four pathways, tumors can undergo infiltration around nerve fibers and metastasis along nerves, that is, perineural invasion (PNI), which refers to the phenomenon of perineural invasion by tumor cells filling the perineurial space, wrapping around nerves in a continuous concentric sheath-like pattern, infiltration, and metastasis of extension along nerves around nerve fibers or into perineurium within the perineurium [ 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Furthermore people of different sign transduction pathways regulate cyclin D appearance favorably (e.g. the changing mutant p21ras and p42/p44MAPK) or adversely (e.g. p38) (1 2 28 40 Nevertheless the transcriptional systems that hyperlink mitogenic sign transduction to cyclin D appearance are poorly understood. (bibf1120.com)
Migration18
  • High expression of lncRNA H19 promotes cell migration and enhances angiogenesis ( 11 , 12 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • When lncHERG is highly expressed, cell multiplication, invasion and migration are inhibited in GBM ( 16 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Enforced expression of PTTG3P significantly promoted cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro, as well as tumorigenesis and metastasis in vivo. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cell proliferation, migration, and invasion assays were performed to evaluate the effects of miR-320d on GCA cells after transfection in vitro. (biomedcentral.com)
  • AKAP12 knockdown in benign meningioma cells SF4433 increases proliferation, cell cycle, migration, invasion, and confers an anaplastic profile. (nature.com)
  • VSMCs were transfected with the miR-128-5p mimic and inhibitor, and the migration, phenotypic modulation, and proliferation of VSMCs were investigated. (hindawi.com)
  • AA and the extracellular regulated protein kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) blocker U0126 markedly inhibited migration, elevated smooth muscle 22 α (SM22 α ) expression, repressed VSMC proliferation, elevated miR-466f-3p and miR-425-3p expression, and suppressed miR-27a-5p and miR-128-5p expression in ox-LDL-induced VSMCs. (hindawi.com)
  • The miR-128-5p mimic promoted the migration and proliferation of VSMCs and suppressed p21, p27, and SM22ɑ expression. (hindawi.com)
  • The inhibitor increased p21, p27, and SM22ɑ expression and repressed the migration, phenotypic transformation, and proliferation of VSMCs. (hindawi.com)
  • Our research showed that the migration, phenotypic transformation, and proliferation of ox-LDL-induced VSMCs were repressed by AA through inhibiting miR-128-5p by targeting the p21 gene, which may provide an effective option for the treatment of atherosclerosis. (hindawi.com)
  • It has been shown that inflammation caused by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) contributes to the occurrence and development of AS [ 1 ], which can promote vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) migration, proliferation, and transformation from a contractile to a synthetic phenotype [ 2 - 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • The migration, phenotypic transformation, and proliferation of VSMCs lead to vascular wall remodeling, which is mediated by activation of extracellular regulated protein kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) signalling [ 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Several studies have shown that miRNAs play multiple roles in the phenotypic transformation, migration, and proliferation of VSMCs by inhibiting ERK1/2 activation [ 11 , 12 ], partly by regulating the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMPs)-MMPs and p21-cyclins interactions [ 13 - 18 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • MiaPaCa-2 and CFPAC-1 cells were treated with 100 ng/ml of NGF or the NGF inhibitor Tanezumab for 24 h, CCK-8 and Transwell assays were employed to test cell proliferation, invasion, and migration, respectively. (hindawi.com)
  • NGF promoted MiaPaCa-2 and CFPAC-1 cell invasion and migration, while Tanezumab treatment showed the opposite results. (hindawi.com)
  • TrkA blocking-up could restrain NGF induced PC cell migration and neural invasion. (hindawi.com)
  • The effects of miR-504 and PSME3 on proliferation, cycle and migration of human breast cancer cell line MCF-7 were determined by CCK8 assay, flow cytometry and Transwell assay. (magtechjournal.com)
  • MicroRNA-200b Impacts breast cancer cell migration and Invasion by Regulating Ezrin-Radixin-Moesin[J]. Med Sci Monit, 2016, 22:1946-1952. (magtechjournal.com)
Tissues9
  • The results demonstrate that DLEU1 and TRAF4 is highly expressed in GBM tissues and promotes proliferation of GBM cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • For example, lncRNA nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1 (NEAT1) is highly expressed in GBM tissues and perturbed expression of NEAT1 suppresses cell proliferation and invasion ( 10 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The results suggested that Gas5 was markedly downregulated in both PTC tissues and PTC cell lines. (oncotarget.com)
  • Here, we evaluated expression profile of miR-320d and FoxM1 in 60 human GCA tissues and GCA cell lines (OE-19 and SK-GT2). (biomedcentral.com)
  • In the present study, we investigated the expression profile and prognostic potential of EIF5B in HCC tissues and cell lines. (techscience.com)
  • Immunohistochemistry of tissue sections confirmed that PPP2CA protein was up-regulated in HCC tissues. (xiahepublishing.com)
  • Western blotting was employed to determine NGF level in PC and paracarcinoma tissues and in PC cell lines as well as pancreatic ductal epithelial cells. (hindawi.com)
  • NGF level was preeminently higher in PC tissues and cell lines than in paracarcinoma tissues and normal pancreatic epithelial cell lines. (hindawi.com)
  • continues to be regarded as undruggable due to its function in proliferation of regular tissues, and its own function through protein-protein connections1, 2. (p38-mapk-inhibitors.com)
Regulation17
  • This is due to the effects of the down regulation of miR-129 in cancer cells resulting in their proliferation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Conversely in the over expression of miR-129, proliferation of endometrial tumour cells is significantly reduced via the down regulation of Cdk6. (wikipedia.org)
  • SOX4, SRY-related HMG box 4 gene - an oncogene that is known to be deregulated in a number of cancers, is another target of miR-129 in which the aberrant regulation of miR-129 contributes to the proliferation of cancer cell lines. (wikipedia.org)
  • 1) The regulation of these protein levels is vital for the understanding of the cell cycle control and its dysregulation. (ukessays.com)
  • 1) For example, the down-regulation of miR15s and miR - 16 - 1 in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, prostate cancer and pituitary tumours, leading to the inhibition of tumour growth and induce cell cycle arrest at the G 1 - phase by target cell cycle regulators ( cyclin D1, cyclin E1, cyclin D3 and CDK6). (ukessays.com)
  • In this study, we aimed to explore the potential involvement of Gas5 in papillary thyroid carcinogenesis and to highlight the emerging roles of ceRNAs in the biological regulation of PTC cells. (oncotarget.com)
  • Transcriptional integration of upstream signaling Examination of M6 unveiled an enrichment for TFs together with other nuclear proteins involved in cell cycle regulation, chromatin modifications, and epigenetic regulation. (hdac-inhibitors.com)
  • The mechanism analysis of miR-320d/FoxM1 showed that FoxM1 has two miR-320d binding sites in its 3′-untranslated region (3′-UTR), that contributes to regulation of the cell biological behaviors. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Myc, HDCA3, and PRC2 form a repressive complex tethered to miR-29a/b1 and miR-29b2/c promoter regulatory elements to epigenetically repress transcription of these miRNAs in Myc-expressing lymphoma cells and that subsequent miR-29 down-regulation results in induction of oncogenic proteins (CDK6 and IGF-1R) and Myc-driven lymphomagenesis. (oncotarget.com)
  • The functional regulation of cells is a complex and dynamic process. (nature.com)
  • Down-regulation of EIF5B significantly decreased proliferation and invasiveness of the HCC cells. (techscience.com)
  • Down-regulation of EIF5B also increased the sensitivity of HCC cells to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). (techscience.com)
  • Stathmin1 ( STMN1) is a cytoplasmic phosphoprotein known as oncoprotein 18 involved in the regulation of the cell cycle as the protein that destabilizes microtubules. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The time effects of acidic pH e stress were determined with respect to tumor cell proliferation, phenotypic regulation, autophagic control, metabolic plasticity, mitochondrial network dynamics, and metastatic potentials. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Endogenous regulation of the cell cycle depends on phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of the cyclin- cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)-cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor (CDKI) pathway. (jcancer.org)
  • Objective To observe the regulation of miR-504 in mouse models and the biological behavior of breast cancer cells, find the key target genes of miR-504 in the regulation process, and explore the working mechanism of miR-504 in breast cancer. (magtechjournal.com)
  • Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) has been implicated in the regulation of cell proliferation transformation and tumor development. (bibf1120.com)
Inhibition3
  • To examine the mechanism by which DCS reverses resistance of 40AF buy Roscovitine cells to 1,25D, we asked if HPK1 sig naling is enhanced from the inhibition of its proteolytic cleavage, regarded to take area in other methods. (cox2-inhibitors.com)
  • Crataeva Nurvala - (Lupeol is the active compound in Crateva) - Collectively, these data suggest the multitarget efficacy of Lupeol on beta-catenin-signaling network thus resulting in the inhibition prostate cancer cell proliferation. (compassionateacupuncture.com)
  • For example, Cirs-7 is derived from a highly conserved single exon, also known as antisense transcription of cerebellar degeneration-related protein 1 (CDR1as), which can regulate miR-7 through adsorption, thus reducing the inhibition of miR-7 on its target [ 19 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
MiRNAs5
  • Additionally, as competitive endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs), lncRNAs and messenger RNAs (mRNAs) can regulate one other by competing for the shared microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) ( 14 , 15 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Approximately 30-60 % of the human genome, regulated by miRNAs. (ukessays.com)
  • The seed region in miRNAs, approximately six nucleotides long, recognizes and binds to the complementary binding site of the target mRNA 3'untranslated region (3'UTR) to regulate its expression. (molcells.org)
  • Reactivating these miRNAs in Myc-transformed B lymphoma cell lines dramatically inhibits tumorigenesis [ 4 ], indicating that reconstituting lymphoma with these tumor suppressor miRNAs could be therapeutically beneficial in Myc-associated lymphomas. (oncotarget.com)
  • This study aimed to identify the role of AA in oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-induced vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) behaviours and to explore the effects of microRNAs (miRNAs). (hindawi.com)
Extracellular5
  • Representative PDAC cells were exposed to various biologically relevant periods of extracellular acidity. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our study offers a novel mechanism of early rapid response and late reversible adaptation of PDAC cells to the stress of extracellular acidosis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The elevated glucose consumption-coupled with increased excretion of lactate and protons from glycolytic cells to the poorly perfused extracellular spaces-leads to an acidification of the tumor microenvironment [ 7 , 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Although still not fully understood, an acidic microenvironment with an inverted pH gradient of extracellular pH (pH e ) lower than intracellular pH (pH i ) appears to impose selective pressures whereby tumor cells must adapt or die [ 10 , 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The control of mammalian cell proliferation by extracellular indicators occurs in middle- to past due G1 phase from the cell routine. (bibf1120.com)
Cellular3
  • Several hallmarks of cellular senescence, such as cell cycle arrest, expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, DNA damages, and senescence-associated secretory profile were evaluated. (aging-us.com)
  • Crucial role in orchestrating a fine balance between cellular proliferation, cell death, and DNA repair in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). (proteopedia.org)
  • This is the multihit theory of tumorigenesis, in which a series of multiple triggering events in the genetic and cellular makeup of a cell ultimately cause cancer. (medscape.com)
Metastasis2
  • Our findings suggest that PTTG3P, a valuable marker of HCC prognosis, promotes tumor growth and metastasis via up-regulating PTTG1 and activating PI3K/AKT signaling in HCC and might represent a potential target for gene-based therapy. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a dynamic process involved in cancer metastasis wherein cancer cells with epithelial characteristics acquire mesenchymal characteristics such as increased motility, invasion, and survival [ 6 ]. (techscience.com)
Vitro5
  • Over-expression of Gas5 remarkably suppressed PTC cells proliferation in vitro and inhibited the growth of tumor cells in vivo likewise. (oncotarget.com)
  • Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries Here, the computationally predicted functional purpose for Stat3 in primitive, but not definitive, erythroid cell maturation is validated in vitro. (hdac-inhibitors.com)
  • To reveal that the NGF-TrkA signaling pathway was closely associated with PC PNI, in vitro neuroinvasion model was established by using MiaPaCa-2 cells via coculturing DRG cells in Matrigel. (hindawi.com)
  • An image depicting head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in vitro can be seen below. (medscape.com)
  • Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in vitro (cell culture). (medscape.com)
Proteins6
Inhibits2
  • Cyclin/Cdk repression inhibits retinoblastoma protein (pRb) phosphorylation, thereby limiting the transcription of genes that directly promote the mechanics of the cell cycle, and we found that Pax6 inhibits pRb phosphorylation and represses genes involved in DNA replication. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Bevacizumab inhibits tumor angiogenesis by inhibiting the binding of VEGF to the vascular endothelial cell surface receptor (VEGFR), thereby cutting off tumor feeding to stop tumor growth.Bevacizumab was officially approved for marketing in November 2021 for the indications of metastatic colorectal cancer and advanced, metastatic or recurrent non-small cell lung cancer. (bettapharma.com)
Phosphorylation6
  • Al though it has been shown that EPO induces tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat3 in addition to a likely purpose for this gene continues to be inferred in fetal definitive erythropoi esis through pathway examination, activation of Stat3 is uncommon in hematopoietic cell lines. (hdac-inhibitors.com)
  • In the HCC cells, activation of the NF-kappa B signaling pathway and IkB phosphorylation was significantly reduced by EIF5B silencing. (techscience.com)
  • regulates homologous recombination-dependent repair by phosphorylating BRCA2, this phosphorylation is low in S phase when recombination is active, but increases as cells progress towards mitosis. (proteopedia.org)
  • CTNNB1 phosphorylation regulates insulin internalization. (proteopedia.org)
  • Cdk phosphorylation triggers sequential intramolecular interactions that progressively block Rb functions as cells move through G1. (proteopedia.org)
  • Like other solid tumors, PDAC adopts fermentative glycolysis as an additional metabolic mechanism to compensate for the impaired oxidative phosphorylation to support cell survival and proliferation [ 5 , 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Gene expression5
  • The miR-129 microRNA precursor is a small non-coding RNA molecule that regulates gene expression. (wikipedia.org)
  • Notably, circRNAs display cell-type, tissue-type and developmental-stage specific expression patterns in eukaryotic transcriptome, which reveals their significant regulatory functions in gene expression. (ijbs.com)
  • We compared the gene expression profiles of equivalent Pax6-expressing progenitors isolated from Pax6⁺/⁺ and Pax6⁻/⁻ cortices and identified many negatively regulated cell-cycle genes, including Cyclins and Cdks. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Cells have built in machinery to turn off and on gene expression permanently. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Mechanistically, NGF could upregulate TDE-miR-21-5p levels, and DRG cells took up TDE to activate the Warburg effect and stimulate nociceptor gene expression. (hindawi.com)
Inhibitor4
  • The miR-320d function in GCA cell line was modulated by either transfection with miR-320d mimics or inhibitor. (biomedcentral.com)
  • miR-21-5p inhibitor could abolish the facilitative effect of NGF on PNI in MiaPaCa-2 cells. (hindawi.com)
  • Icotinib is a potent and highly selective oral epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI), and it is used for the first-line treatment of locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients carrying EGFR mutations. (bettapharma.com)
  • Balstilimab is a human monoclonal antibody targeting programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), and is an immune checkpoint inhibitor. (bettapharma.com)
Expression20
  • In experiments where miR-129 levels were returned to normal in cancer cells, SOX4 expression was down regulated. (wikipedia.org)
  • This is because of its integral role it plays in the proliferation of cells and its many recognisable, statistically significant and independent interactions with its targets as observed by the expression profiles in the study carried out by Ogawa et al. (wikipedia.org)
  • Finally, the expression of tumor protein D52 (TPD52) was unequivocally affected in PC3, PC3-AR, and LNCaP cells. (mssm.edu)
  • 4 However, no material was available for CDK6 expression analysis in this case. (ashpublications.org)
  • This indicates that FISH and CDK6 expression analysis can be successfully used to identify patients with CDK6 involvement. (ashpublications.org)
  • Enhanced expression of miR-222-3p promoted the proliferation of PTC cells while knocking down miR-222-3p could inhibit it. (oncotarget.com)
  • The advanced effects of miR-222-3p on the proliferation of PTC cells could be partly reversed by the upregulation of Gas5 expression. (oncotarget.com)
  • Taken together, our study identified a tumor suppressive role of Gas5 in PTC cells acting as a ceRNA, effectively becoming a sink for miR-222-3p, modulating the expression of PTEN, which lead to PTEN/AKT pathway activation and proliferation suppression. (oncotarget.com)
  • Both DBF4 and CDC7 may be potential diagnostic and prognostic markers for HCC, and high expression of DDK members predicts a worse prognosis in patients with HCC, which may be associated with high tumor cell proliferation rate. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this study, we verified the prognosis value of miR-320d in human GCA tissue, and identified its expression level in GCA specimens, GCA cell lines, and GCA tumor-bearing mice. (biomedcentral.com)
  • EIF5B promotes HCC proliferation and invasion by increasing ASAP1 expression [ 5 ]. (techscience.com)
  • miR-128-5p directly targeted the 3′UTR-binding sequences of the p21 gene, negatively regulated p21 expression, and supported the proliferation of VSMCs. (hindawi.com)
  • The mechanisms by which early spatiotemporal expression patterns of transcription factors such as Pax6 regulate cortical progenitors in a region-specific manner are poorly understood. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Biochemical assays indicated that Pax6 directly represses Cdk6 expression. (ox.ac.uk)
  • PPP2CA is up-regulated in HCC and higher expression correlates with worse prognosis. (xiahepublishing.com)
  • TrkA expression was knocked down in MiaPaCa-2 and dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cells treated with NGF to determine its effect on the Warburg effect. (hindawi.com)
  • These findings displayed that NGF/TrkA encouraged the neuroinvasive potential of PC cells by activating the Warburg effect in DRG cells through upregulation of TDE-miR-21-5p expression. (hindawi.com)
  • Several observations have suggested a role of the NF-κB and IκB gene products in cell proliferation transformation and tumor development (47 53 NF-κB controls the expression of a number of growth-promoting cytokines. (bibf1120.com)
  • Expression of p15, p16, p21 and p27 did not vary in granulosa and theca cells by the follicle stage. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Further studies are needed to investigate the factors that regulate the expression of p16 in the oocyte, which might also govern the initiation of primordial follicle growth. (biomedcentral.com)
Assays1
  • CCK-8, transwell, wound-healing assays, and in vivo experiments were conducted using GCA cells that treated with miR-320d mimics or inhibitors to evaluate the biological functions of miR-320d. (biomedcentral.com)
Invasion2
  • In vivo tumorigenesis experiments, Tanezumab markedly alleviated nerve invasion of PC cells as well as relieved nociceptive conduction in animal models. (hindawi.com)
  • miRNA-21 promotes proliferation and invasion of triple-negative breast cancer cells through targeting PTEN[J]. Am J Transl Res, 2017, 9: 953-961. (magtechjournal.com)
Phenotypic1
  • Furthermore, cancer cells undergoing EMT phenotypic changes also acquire drug resistance [ 7 ]. (techscience.com)
Dysregulation1
Cyclins3
  • D-type and E-type cyclins assemble with CDKs during the G1 phase and these holoenzymes act as rate-limiting controllers to regulate passage through the restriction point and the subsequent onset of DNA replication [ 2 , 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • D-type cyclins are usually synthesized by mid-G1 phase and accumulate to a maximum as cells advance through the G1/S boundary. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cyclins and CDKs assemble into complexes with one another as cells progress through G1 phase, cyclins being required to activate the serine-threonine kinase activity of their catalytic partners. (biomedcentral.com)
Transcription2
  • Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and cell proliferation assay were used to explore the functional role of the key lncRNAs in GBM. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • JQ1 down-regulated transcription of and its own downstream focuses on, and produced powerful anti-proliferative results in myeloma versions13. (p38-mapk-inhibitors.com)
Phenotype2
  • Furthermore, EIF5B knockdown suppressed epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the cancer stem cell (CSC) phenotype. (techscience.com)
  • It is predicted that MCPH gene mutations may lead to the disease phenotype due to a disturbed mitotic spindle orientation, premature chromosomal condensation, signalling response as a result of damaged DNA, microtubule dynamics, transcriptional control or a few other hidden centrosomal mechanisms that can regulate the number of neurons produced by neuronal precursor cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Motility1
Upstream1
  • The t(7;14) involved the immunoglobulin heavy chain ( IgH ) locus in 14q32 and a transposon-like element located 29 kbp upstream of the CDK6 coding sequence. (ashpublications.org)
Genes that directly1
Cycle arrest1
  • Cell cycle arrest accompanies DCS induced differentia tion of 40AF cells. (cox2-inhibitors.com)
INK4a7
  • The INK4b-ARF-INK4a tumour suppressor locus controls the balance between progenitor cell renewal and cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
  • PcG silencers bind and coordinately regulate INK4b and INK4a , but not ARF , during a variety of physiological processes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The INK4b-ARF-INK4a tumor suppressor locus (Figure 1A ) plays a central role in controlling the equilibrium between progenitor cell renewal and cancer risk [ 1 - 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this way, p16(INK4A) controls cell division. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Cells begin to produce p16(INK4A) when they are no longer able to undergo cell division. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Without p16(INK4A) to regulate cell growth and division (proliferation), cells can continue to grow and divide without control, which can lead to tumor formation. (medlineplus.gov)
  • CDKN2A gene mutations involved in cancer impair production of functional p16(INK4A) or, less commonly, p14(ARF), which can result in uncontrolled cell growth and tumor formation. (medlineplus.gov)
Hematopoietic stem1
  • miR-129 may also play a role in hematopoietic stem cell development. (wikipedia.org)
Processes4
  • Circular RNAs (circRNAs), a novel type of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), are ubiquitously expressed in eukaryotic cells during post-transcriptional processes. (ijbs.com)
  • Uncontrolled cell proliferation is one of the greatest features of all tumor cells, and there is abundant evidence that blocking cell proliferation or cell cycle processes has the potential to alleviate or cure tumors [ 4 , 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Multicellular life relies on epigenetic processes to specialize the function of groups of cells for optimal physiology. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Our study paves the path for elucidating pharmacological properties of G. lucidum and its potential development as cosmeceutical skin products, providing the first evidence of its capability to accelerate the healing processes enhancing re-epithelialization and to protect cells from free-radical action. (unisa.it)
Somatic1
  • Somatic mutations in other genes involved in cell growth are also needed for a melanoma to develop. (medlineplus.gov)
Positively4
  • We found that PTTG3P was frequently up-regulated in HCC and its level was positively correlated to tumor size, TNM stage and poor survival of patients with HCC. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our data showed that PTTG3P was frequently up-regulated in HCC and high levels of PTTG3P positively correlated with poor prognosis in patients with HCC. (biomedcentral.com)
  • GSEA suggested that both DBF4 and CDC7 were positively correlated with cell cycle and DNA replication. (biomedcentral.com)
  • for example, hydrophilic surfaces give NPs stealthy properties for extended circulation durations, while positively charged surfaces can help cancer cells internalize more rapidly[1].Dendrimers, for example, are a kind of NP now being studied for cancer therapeutic purposes.This article reviews the targeting features of cancer therapy as well as numerous polymer-based nanocarriers. (pdfplayer.org)
Mutations4
  • MCPH is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern in which both copies of the gene in each cell have mutations. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Mutations in the CDKN2A gene are found in up to one-quarter of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). (medlineplus.gov)
  • Mutations in the CDKN2A gene are also associated with melanoma, a type of skin cancer that begins in pigment-producing cells called melanocytes. (medlineplus.gov)
  • These mutations, classified as germline mutations, are typically inherited and are present in essentially all of the body's cells. (medlineplus.gov)
Significantly decreased1
Increases2
  • It demonstrates that when 40AF cells possess a higher degree of the fragment, remedy with 1,25D or DCS, especially the latter, decreases the amounts on the cleaved fragment HPK1 C and concurrently increases the level from the complete length HPK1. (cox2-inhibitors.com)
  • We found that constitutive or conditional loss of Pax6 increases cortical progenitor proliferation by amounts that vary regionally with normal Pax6 levels. (ox.ac.uk)
CDK21
  • The G. lucidum extract showed a keratinocyte proliferation induction accompanied by an increase of cyclic kinase protein expressions, such as CDK2 and CDK6. (unisa.it)
Overexpression5
  • 1 Chromosomal translocation leading to overexpression of the CDK6 gene, which is located in 7q21, has recently been described in splenic marginal zone lymphoma (SMZL). (ashpublications.org)
  • It seems likely that CDK6 overexpression is implicated in lymphomas with low proliferative index and, as we show here, may also be involved in other low-grade malignancies such as B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL). (ashpublications.org)
  • Marked overexpression of CDK6 was observed in all 3 patients with CDK6 rearrangement compared with normal peripheral blood lymphocytes and with B-CLL without CDK6 involvement ( Figure 1 ). (ashpublications.org)
  • Overexpression of CDK6. (ashpublications.org)
  • In non-Hodgkin lymphomas, although Myc has been described as a defining feature and the driving oncogene for Burkitt lymphoma, Myc overexpression has also been recognized in other aggressive B-cell lymphomas and has been linked to adverse prognosis [ 2 ]. (oncotarget.com)
Biological1
  • It not only has good biological activity, but also can reduce body weight and improve the function of β cells. (bettapharma.com)
Progenitor3
  • Pax6 exerts regional control of cortical progenitor proliferation via direct repression of Cdk6 and hypophosphorylation of pRb. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Our results indicate that Pax6's modulation of cortical progenitor cell cycles is regional and direct. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a clonal expansion of the progenitor hematopoietic stem cells arising from the existence of the fusion BCR-ABL oncogene, that represents 15%-20% of the newly diagnosed cases of leukemia patients [ 1 - 2 ]. (jcancer.org)
Compound1
  • Fatty acids are the main compound of lipids, which are a class of molecules present in animals and vegetal cell types. (nature.com)
Suppression2
  • In many different tumour cell lines, such as gastric cancer, medulloblastoma and endometrial cancer, lung andeocarcinoma and colorectal carcinoma, there are lower levels of miR-129 indicating that it may play a role in the suppression of cell growth. (wikipedia.org)
  • Balstilimab potently antagonizes PD-1 binding to PD-L1 and PD-L2, relieves T cell suppression, and enhances T cell effector function, therefore activating the immune system to attack tumor. (bettapharma.com)