Regulate cell cycle progression regulate cell cycle progression and checkpoints. Medical search. Frequent questions

282, 32053-32064), a key regulator of mitosis, suggesting a possible role for hMDC1 in controlling normal cell cycle progression. (ox.ac.uk)
In addition cells have evolved a damage-sensing checkpoint system whereby the cells delay entry into mitosis until the break has been repaired. (brandeis.edu)
The studies on checkpoint control have identified a mechanism by which entry into mitosis is regulated in response to incomplete DNA replication and DNA damage and the identification of a potential target for therapeutic intervention. (actrec.gov.in)
The Nek2 subfamily includes Aspergillus nidulans NIMA kinase, the founding member of the Nek family, which was identified in a screen for cell cycle mutants prevented from entering mitosis. (umbc.edu)
NIMA is essential for mitotic entry and progression through mitosis, and its degradation is essential for mitotic exit. (umbc.edu)
Mitotic cell cycle progression is accomplished through a reproducible sequence of events, DNA replication (S phase) and mitosis (M phase) separated temporally by gaps known as G1 and G2 phases. (kegg.jp)
In the mitosis, the chromosomes are aligned and the two sister chromatids are separated, each becoming the genetic material of the daughter cells. (androbose.in)
This event is required to promote mitotic progression and favors the activation of a transcriptional program required for mitosis. (ox.ac.uk)
This gene encodes an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase required for the maintenance of the antephase checkpoint that regulates cell cycle entry into mitosis and, therefore, may play a key role in cell cycle progression and tumorigenesis. (utsouthwestern.edu)
activated by interaction with cyclin E during the early stages of DNA synthesis to permit G1-S transition, and subsequently activated by cyclin A2 (cyclin A1 in germ cells) during the late stages of DNA replication to drive the transition from S phase to mitosis, the G2 phase. (proteopedia.org)
regulates homologous recombination-dependent repair by phosphorylating BRCA2, this phosphorylation is low in S phase when recombination is active, but increases as cells progress towards mitosis. (proteopedia.org)
Required in higher cells for entry into S-phase and mitosis. (arigobio.cn)
Stages of the cell cycle are G1 (Gap 1), S (Synthesis), G2, M (Mitosis), and G0 (quiescence), with mitosis as the shortest and most visually dramatic process of the cycle after which two daughter cells result, Figure 1-1. (janechin.net)
Likewise, a checkpoint during mitosis ensures that the cell's spindle fibres are properly aligned in metaphase before the chromosomes are separated in anaphase. (britannica.com)

Well-characterized cell cycle substrates of SCF complexes include: cyclin family proteins: Cyclin D, Cyclin E transcriptional regulators: Myc, E2f1, p130 cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CKIs): p27Kip1, p21, Wee1 centriole proteins: Cep250, Ninein There are approximately seventy human FBPs, several of which are involved in cell cycle control as a component of SCF complexes. (wikipedia.org)
In response to DNA damage, a synthetic lethal relationship exists between the cell cycle checkpoint kinase MK2 and the tumor suppressor p53. (nature.com)
In addition, phosphorylated ERK1/2 and p38, key members of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family regulating BCa tumorigenesis, were strongly decreased. (spandidos-publications.com)
It also interacts with other mitotic kinases such as Polo-like kinase 1 and may play a role in spindle checkpoint. (umbc.edu)
In response to DNA damage, the checkpoint kinase ATM phosphorylates and activates Chk2, which in turn directly phosphorylates and activates p53 tumor suppressor protein. (kegg.jp)
CK2 (casein kinase 2) is a serine/threonine-selective protein kinase that has been involved in a variety of cellular processes such as DNA repair, cell cycle control and circadian rhythm regulation. (biomedcentral.com)
4, Cell cycle regulators mediate progression through the cell cycle {e.g., cyctin and cyclin-dependent kinase). (ctsqena.com)
β-TrCP- and Casein Kinase II-Mediated Degradation of Cyclin F Controls Timely Mitotic Progression. (ox.ac.uk)
Both the stress-response protein, SIRT1, and the cell cycle checkpoint kinase, CHK2, play critical roles in aging and cancer via the modulation of cellular homeostasis and the maintenance of genomic integrity. (ewha.ac.kr)
Cdk1 (cyclin-dependent kinase 1), also known as p34Cdc2 (cell division control protein kinase 2) depends on cyclin A and B and is triggered by a positive feedback loop at the end of G2 phase, which is the key event that initiates mitotic entry. (arigobio.cn)
Another important class of tumor suppressor genes involved in cell cycle control and in the generation of human cancers is the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors. (medscape.com)

A vast amount of research exists on the possible molecular mechanisms through which vitamin D affects cancer cell proliferation, cancer progression, angiogenesis, and inflammation. (mdpi.com)
Taken together, our results suggested that decreased LAPTM5 inhibited proliferation and viability, as well as induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest possibly via deactivation of ERK1/2 and p38 in BCa cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
Furthermore, previous studies suggested that knockdown of LAPTM4B , another important subtype of the LAPTM family inhibited proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma ( 11 ), prostate ( 12 ) and breast cancer cells ( 13 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
To investigate the effects of silibinin on the growth of oral cancer cells, cell proliferation and anchorage-independent colony formation tests were conducted on YD10B and Ca9-22 oral cancer cells. (jcancer.org)
Silibinin effectively suppressed YD10B and Ca9-22 cell proliferation and colony formation in a dose-dependent manner. (jcancer.org)
The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine assay, propidium iodide (PI) staining, annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/PI staining, and transwell assay were employed to test the proliferation, apoptosis, migration ability, and invasiveness of COAD cells. (hindawi.com)
Upregulating the level of miR-323a-3p impaired the proliferation, migration, and invasion of COAD cells and promoted apoptosis, whereas supplementing NEK6 alleviated the damage of the proliferation, migration, and invasion of COAD cells caused by miR-323a-3p and inhibited miR-323a-3p-induced apoptosis. (hindawi.com)
These findings indicate that miR-323a-3p regulates the proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis of COAD cells by targeting NEK6. (hindawi.com)
This reduced ability to arrest proliferation was found to be due to an impaired ability to downregulate cyclin D1, a key gatekeeper of the G1/S checkpoint. (tmc.edu)
These findings indicate that pancreatic cancer cells have increased tolerance for elevated ER stress compared to normal cells, and this tolerance results in continued tumor cell proliferation under proteotoxic conditions. (tmc.edu)
Further, high NEK2 expression promoted proliferation, colony formation, migration and invasion of HCC cell lines. (oncotarget.com)
Crucial role in orchestrating a fine balance between cellular proliferation, cell death, and DNA repair in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). (proteopedia.org)
Compound 51 inhibited the proliferation of 13 out of 15 cancer cell lines with IC50 values between 0.27 and 6.9 muM, which correlated with the complete suppression of retinoblastoma phosphorylation and the onset of apoptosis. (proteopedia.org)
Methods used to study the cytotoxic effects include cytotoxicity assay, double staining cell morphological analysis, cell cycle analysis, apoptosis test and cell proliferation assay. (upm.edu.my)
Combined treatment with selumetinib and a dose of palbociclib sufficient to reinforce G1 arrest in selumetinib-sensitive cells, but not to impair proliferation of resistant cells, delays the emergence of resistant colonies, meaning that escape from G1 arrest is critical in the formation of resistant clones. (babraham.ac.uk)
The cell cycle is the process of accurate self-reproduction and proliferation of a cell. (intechopen.com)
Misregulation of the cell cycle may result in malignant cell proliferation, tumorigenesis or cell death. (intechopen.com)
An obvious requirement for the stringent control of cell cycle progression is the prevention of deregulated proliferation - loss of control may result in tumors and cancers. (janechin.net)
Finally, transcription factors within the nucleus must initiate the transcription of genes involved in cell proliferation. (britannica.com)
Inactivation of tumor suppressor genes, whose products normally provide negative control of cell proliferation, contributes to malignant transformation in various cell types. (medscape.com)

Instead, FBP affinity for protein substrates is regulated through cyclin-CDK-mediated phosphorylation of target proteins. (wikipedia.org)
CK2 is responsible for the phosphorylation of many substrates in various pathways within a cell, using ATP or GTP as the phosphate source [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Pancreatic cancer cells exhibited altered UPR activation characterized by a delay in both phosphorylation of eIF2α and induction of spliced XBP1. (tmc.edu)
PIG3 knockdown led to an abnormal DNA damage response, including decreased IR-induced phosphorylation of H2AX, Chk1, Chk2 and Kap-1 as well as a prolonged G2-M arrest and aberrant mitotic progression. (ijbs.com)
CTNNB1 phosphorylation regulates insulin internalization. (proteopedia.org)
Cdk phosphorylation triggers sequential intramolecular interactions that progressively block Rb functions as cells move through G1. (proteopedia.org)
Inactivated by PKR/EIF2AK2- and WEE1-mediated phosphorylation upon DNA damage to stop cell cycle and genome replication at the G2 checkpoint thus facilitating DNA repair. (arigobio.cn)
In proliferating cells, CDK1-mediated FOXO1 phosphorylation at the G2-M phase represses FOXO1 interaction with 14-3-3 proteins and thereby promotes FOXO1 nuclear accumulation and transcription factor activity, leading to cell death of postmitotic neurons. (arigobio.cn)
Each stage of the cell cycle is profiled by distinct protein complexes and phosphorylation events. (janechin.net)

In contrast, no significant alteration of apoptosis in the BCa cells with downregulated LAPTM5 was noticed. (spandidos-publications.com)
If cells containing damaged DNA were to divide, the errors would be transmitted to daughter cells, generating genomic instability and resulting in tumorigenesis or apoptosis . (tocris.com)
Flow cytometry was used to examine apoptosis, cell cycle distribution, and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). (jcancer.org)
Moreover, it induced cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase, apoptosis, and ROS generation in these cells. (jcancer.org)
Silibinin considerably reduced the development of oral cancer cells by inducing apoptosis, G 0 /G 1 arrest, ROS generation, and activation of the JNK/c-Jun pathway. (jcancer.org)
3. B cells that would normally undergo apoptosis during somatic hypermutation in the lymph node germinal center accumulate, leading to lymphoma. (ctsqena.com)
In some p53 mutants, induction of cell cycle arrest, but not apoptosis was found to be associated with a lack of induction of PIG3 expression ( 2 ). (ijbs.com)
Silencing of the transcription factor hCAS/CSE1L, which regulated PIG3 expression, led to decreased PIG3 transcription and concurrently decreased apoptosis ( 3 ). (ijbs.com)
Additionally, PIG3 mediates cancer cell death through the GPx3 pathway, and knocking down PIG3 or blocking the interaction between PIG3 and GPx3 would abolish the increase in ROS and apoptosis ( 5 ). (ijbs.com)
RNA was extracted from colon for DNA repair, apoptosis, cell cycle, antiinflammation, proto-oncogene, colorectal cancer biomarker and tumor suppressor gene expressions study. (upm.edu.my)
Vanillin also induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. (upm.edu.my)
However, the expressions of a few xenobiotic metabolism, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis genes were up-regulated by 5 % ethanol injection. (upm.edu.my)
If DNA damage or abnormalities in spindle formation are detected at these checkpoints, the cell is forced to undergo programmed cell death, or apoptosis . (britannica.com)
For example, mutations in a protein called p53 , which normally detects abnormalities in DNA at the G1 checkpoint, can enable cancer-causing mutations to bypass this checkpoint and allow the cell to escape apoptosis. (britannica.com)
The TP53 gene is also capable of stimulating apoptosis of cells containing damaged DNA. (medscape.com)
TP53 activates the expression of genes involved in apoptosis, cell cycle regulation (p21), and MDM2. (medscape.com)

Mediator of DNA damage checkpoint 1 (MDC1) regulates mitotic progression. (ox.ac.uk)
In support of a role for hMDC1 in controlling mitotic progression, depletion of hMDC1 by small interfering RNA results in a metaphase arrest that appears to be independent of both BubR1-dependent signaling pathways and ATM/ATR activation. (ox.ac.uk)

SL originally described a relationship between two genes, where alteration of either gene alone results in viable cells, but alteration (mutation, loss, or inhibition) of both genes simultaneously was lethal. (nature.com)
Because BRCA mutations are observed in fewer than 10% of cancer patients (cBioPortal: 6.7%) 11 , 12 , 13 the identification of additional genes that share synthetic lethal sensitivity relationships with mutated oncogenes or tumor suppressors would greatly enhance the implementation of tumor cell-specific synthetic lethal sensitivity to improve an anticancer therapeutic response. (nature.com)
In normal cells, each stage of the cell cycle is tightly regulated, however in cancer cells many genes and proteins that are involved in the regulation of the cell cycle are mutated or over expressed. (tocris.com)
Emerging evidences suggest that microRNA target genes that regulate DNA replication and cell cycle progression and we aim to determine how microRNA regulate the DNA replication machinery as cell progresses from one phase to the next. (nii.res.in)
Hippocampal glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), activating transcription factor 4 (ATF-4), Bcl2 and choline acetyl transferase (ChAT) genes expression were assessed. (bvsalud.org)
Overall, genes are mainly involved in developmental progression and regulation. (github.io)
Using mammalian, yeast, and frog systems, these readily reproducible methods can be used to induce cell cycle checkpoints, detect changes in cell cycle progression, identify and analyze genes and proteins that regulate the process, and characterize chromosomal status as a function of cell cycle phase and progression. (buynsellbooksonline.com)
Most genes are associated with factors that establish and release paused Pol II and therefore appear to progress through this step, although only a subset of genes appears to be directly regulated by pausing. (nature.com)
Distinct signals that act through diverse targeted transcription factors can regulate different steps in the transcription pathway and provide a highly modulated transcriptional response at individual genes. (nature.com)
Further analysis with GenomeLab GeXP genetic system on brain tissues showed that the expression of most xenobiotic metabolism, cell progression, tumour suppressor, DNA damage and inflammation genes was maintained at normal level. (upm.edu.my)
Selumetinib causes long-term G1 arrest accompanied by reduced expression of DNA replication and repair genes, but cells stochastically re-enter the cell cycle during treatment despite continued repression of pERK1/2. (babraham.ac.uk)
However, the cell cycle and its checkpoint systems can be sabotaged by defective proteins or genes that cause malignant transformation of the cell, which can lead to cancer . (britannica.com)
Like Rb protein, many of the proteins encoded by tumor suppressor genes act at specific points in the cell cycle. (medscape.com)

miRNAs expressed in a wide variety of human cancers can regulate posttranscriptional gene expression by binding to the 3′ untranslated region of the target mRNAs and act as oncogenes or tumor suppressors to regulate cell signaling pathways, affecting tumorigenesis and tumor progression [ 17 ]. (hindawi.com)
The mechanisms of radioresistance are still poorly understood, despite it has been suggested that miRNAs play an important role in cell signaling pathways. (frontiersin.org)
Indeed, it has been shown that miRNAs play an important role in gene expression, mainly when associated with the monitoring of several cell and metabolic pathways, being also an essential component of the gene silencing machinery in most eukaryotic organisms ( 4 , 8 ). (frontiersin.org)
Eukaryotic cells respond to DNA damage by activating signaling pathways that promote cell cycle arrest and DNA repair. (kegg.jp)
Cell division is intimately connected to an evolutionarily conserved DNA damage response (DDR), which involves DNA repair pathways that reverse DNA lesions, as well as checkpoint pathways that inhibit cell cycle progression while repair occurs. (unimi.it)
The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
If we fully understood the pathways which control normal cell division we would be able to identify what goes wrong in malignant cells. (forbeckforums.org)
Dr. Fink's presentation focused on the function of the Ras protein in yeast, relevant because many of the important pathways which function in human cells can be found in simpler organisms and these can be readily manipulated in the laboratory. (forbeckforums.org)

These checkpoints may stop the cell cycle after DNA damage, loss of DNA replication or disruption of the mitotic spindle, in order for repair processes to take place. (tocris.com)
DNA replication is a vital process of life and must be completed precisely during each cell cycle. (nii.res.in)
When mammalian cell experiences DNA damage, it activates checkpoint mechanisms to stall the progression of cell cycle and DNA replication. (nii.res.in)
Aberrations in microRNA activity has been linked to loss of cell cycle and replication control and this has led to oncogenic functions (thereby called oncomirs) being ascribed to them. (nii.res.in)
Summing up, we are trying to understand the mechanisms by which microRNAs regulate mammalian cell cycle and DNA replication in normal and pathological conditions. (nii.res.in)
Whenever genomic lesions are detected during DNA synthesis, they are coated by the single strand DNA binding protein complex, called Replication Protein A, leading to the activation of canonical checkpoint proteins like ATR, Chk1 and p53. (nii.res.in)
Human genome codes for many other single strand DNA binding proteins and we are testing if novel mechanisms of checkpoint activation exist that do not require Replication Protein A. If such mechanisms exist we would like to understand which factors provide the role of DNA binding, how checkpoint proteins like Chk1 and p53 are activated and how signal transduction pathway stalls the cell cycle and DNA replication. (nii.res.in)
Therefore, we are trying to understand the independent mechanism by which mammalian cells effectively inhibit the replication machinery during stress preventing it from drifting towards a catastrophic path of genomic instability. (nii.res.in)
A p53 dependent checkpoint pathway prevents re-replication. (nii.res.in)
The cell cycle, or cell-division cycle, is the series of events that take place in a cell leading to its division and duplication (replication) to produce two daughter cells. (ptgcn.com)
In response to DNA damage and replication blocks, cell cycle progression is halted through the control of critical cell cycle regulators. (affbiotech.com)
Orderly progressions of events in the cell division cycle are necessary to ensure the replication of DNA and cell division. (ox.ac.uk)
Fetal equine dermal (Given) cells are vunerable to EIAV in vitro, as well as the replication of EIAV in Given cells transiently transfected with ELR1-IN was markedly decreased in comparison to replication in cells transfected using the unfilled vector. (angiogenesis-blog.com)
In this chapter, we mainly discuss the coordination regulations between DNA replication initiation and other cell cycle events that ensure genomic integrity. (intechopen.com)
Recent breakthroughs have uncovered more and more DNA replication licensing machinery proteins (ORC, Cdc6, Cdt1, geminin, etc.) functioning in other cell cycle events, including centrosome replication, mitotic events, transcription and so on. (intechopen.com)
DNA replication occurs once and only once per cell cycle mainly regulated by DNA replication initiation factors in eukaryotic cells. (intechopen.com)

Moreover, some studies demonstrated that LAPTM5 was highly expressed in malignant B lymphomas and involved in B cell malignancies ( 10 ), involving in negative regulation of cell surface T and B cell receptor by promoting lysosome degradation ( 6 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
We have shown that this regulation involves the action of a small Recombination Enhancer (RE) sequence that enables a donor on the left chromosome arm to recombine preferentially in MATa cells. (brandeis.edu)
The activity of NEK6 plays important roles in mitotic spindle kinetochore fiber formation, metaphase-anaphase transition, cytokinesis, and checkpoint regulation [ 3 , 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
As main findings, 23 miRNAs were already identified as being involved in genetic regulation of PCa cell response to RT. (frontiersin.org)
The laboratory of Dr. Teni also focuses on understanding the regulation of tumor progression by p53 family members and their downstream targets in oral and cervical cancer progression. (actrec.gov.in)
Cyclin-CDK inhibitors (CKIs), such as p16Ink4a, p15Ink4b, p27Kip1, and p21Cip1, are involved in the negative regulation of CDK activities, thus providing a pathway through which the cell cycle is negatively regulated. (kegg.jp)
A collection of basic cutting-edge techniques for studying the mechanisms underlying cell cycle regulation and checkpoint control. (buynsellbooksonline.com)
The precise regulation of the levels of cyclin proteins is fundamental to coordinate cell division with checkpoints, avoiding genome instability. (ox.ac.uk)
Currently, two models of cell-cycle regulation have been proposed. (duke.edu)
This result fits with the second model of cell-cycle regulation. (duke.edu)
This finding adds a new layer of regulation to the second model, providing a mechanism that coordinates cell-cycle events with a TF network oscillator. (duke.edu)
Taken together, these data provide further insight into the regulation of the cell cycle. (duke.edu)
Encouraging progress in understanding cell cycle regulation occurred over the past five years. (janechin.net)
Such regulation ensures faithful reproduction of DNA for subsequent distribution to daughter cells. (janechin.net)

This is the multihit theory of tumorigenesis, in which a series of multiple triggering events in the genetic and cellular makeup of a cell ultimately cause cancer. (medscape.com)

Therefore, compared to normal p53-proficient cells, p53-defective cells are more reliant on MK2 activity, which drives an alternative cell cycle checkpoint pathway that stabilizes the CKI inhibitors p27 Kip1 and Gadd45α in order to maintain G 1 /S and G 2 /M arrest after certain types of DNA damage 16 , 18 . (nature.com)
Western blotting revealed that silibinin downregulated SOD1 and SOD2 and triggered the JNK/c-Jun pathway in oral cancer cells. (jcancer.org)
CX-4945, as a first oral bioavailable CK2 small molecule inhibitor, exerts anti-proliferative activity in human cancer cells by inhibiting cell cycle and PI3K/Akt signaling pathway [ 17 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The RAS-regulated RAF-MEK1/2-ERK1/2 signalling pathway is frequently de-regulated in human cancer. (babraham.ac.uk)
Dr. Fink, Director of the Whitehead Institute at MIT presented his work on Ras, a protein that stands at the gateway of at least one major control pathway within the cell. (forbeckforums.org)

In this dissertation, I explore the mechanisms that coordinate and regulate cell-cycle progression in the budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (duke.edu)

We report that CK2 is essential for porcine oocyte meiotic maturation by regulating spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC). (biomedcentral.com)

The role of the protein Mcl-1 in regulating the cellular response to DNA damage has resulted in the determination that drugs targeting Mcl-1 might serve as therapeutics in oral cancer. (actrec.gov.in)
In response to DNA damage, p53 slows the cell cycle and upregulales DNA repair enzymes. (ctsqena.com)

Checkpoint control kinases is a term used to describe a group of enzymes that regulate progression of a cell through the cell cycle. (tocris.com)
Checkpoint control kinases function to halt the cell cycle at these critical points. (tocris.com)
Tocris offers the following scientific literature for Checkpoint Control Kinases to showcase our products. (tocris.com)
Cyclin-dependent kinases and tumor suppressor proteins are stimulators and modulators of cell division. (ptgcn.com)
Cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) form a complex which phosphorylates proteins that drive the cell through the cell cycle. (ctsqena.com)
The eukaryotic cell cycle comprises a series of events, whose ordering and correct progression depends on the oscillating activity of cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks), which safeguard timely duplication and segregation of the genome. (unimi.it)
Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are serine/threonine protein kinases that act as key regulatory elements in cell cycle progression. (proteopedia.org)
Cell-cycle events have been shown to be triggered by oscillations in the activity of cyclin dependent kinases (CDKs) when bound to cyclins. (duke.edu)
Molecular portraits of cell cycle checkpoint kinases in cancer evolution, progression, and treatment responsiveness. (uc.edu)

Also, the expression of Cyclin D should be decreased at the G2/M checkpoint (Figure 4). (ptgcn.com)
Western blot of Knockout validated Cyclin D1 antibody in HepG2, SW 1990, and NIH/3T3 cell lines with 60186-1-Ig at a dilution of 1:10000 incubated at room temperature for 1.5 hours. (ptgcn.com)
Here, we observe that cyclin F is regulated by proteolysis through β-TrCP. (ox.ac.uk)
Destruction of cyclin B during metaphase results in inactivation of Cdk1, allowing mitotic exit and cell division. (arigobio.cn)
The p16INK4A protein is a cell-cycle inhibitor that acts by inhibiting activated cyclin D:CDK4/6 complexes, which play a crucial role in the control of the cell cycle by phosphorylating Rb protein. (medscape.com)

The laboratories of Dr. Bhattacharyya and Dr. Dalal study the biogenesis and size and copy control mechanisms of organelles such as the Golgi complex, the endoplasmic reticulum, the nucleus, the centrosome and the cell-cell adhesion junction the desmosome. (actrec.gov.in)
Vertebrate Nek2 is a cell cycle-regulated STK, localized in centrosomes and kinetochores, that regulates centrosome splitting at the G2/M phase. (umbc.edu)

Moreover, cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase was triggered by decreased LAPTM5 as well, which could lead to delayed BCa cell growth. (spandidos-publications.com)
SIRT1 depletion induces CHK2 hyperactivation-mediated cell cycle arrest and subsequent cell death. (ewha.ac.kr)
Under conditions of moderate ER stress, the UPR promotes cell cycle arrest which allows time for successful protein load reduction and enables cell survival. (tmc.edu)
Different concentrations of vanillin showed arrest of cell cycle at different checkpoints. (upm.edu.my)
The colon gene expression analysis showed that vanillin could enhance recombinational repair and mismatch repair, arrest cell at cell cycle checkpoints, increase the expression of tumour suppressor gene, colorectal cancer biomarker and proto-oncogene. (upm.edu.my)
Activation of p21 or p16 therefore causes cell cycle arrest. (medscape.com)
The p19ARF protein, which is encoded by the same locus as p16, also leads to cell cycle arrest by inhibiting the ability of MDM2 to inactivate TP53. (medscape.com)

consequently cells have evolved a variety of mechanisms to repair double-strand breaks (DSBs). (brandeis.edu)
The objectives of these studies are to provide novel insights into how the cell regulates organelle size and number, how these mechanisms are altered in tumor cells and the subsequent consequences for tumor progression. (actrec.gov.in)
Our laboratory is interested in understanding the mechanisms by which microRNA and checkpoint proteins stall the cell cycle preventing genomic instability and cancer. (nii.res.in)
Understanding the regulatory mechanisms that control cell-cycle events remains to be a fundamental question in cell biology. (duke.edu)
Not only is this of interest in its own right, but it offers the prospect for improving our understanding about the fundamental control mechanisms and defects that impact on human cells through the study of simpler organisms. (forbeckforums.org)
Work across many laboratories is geared toward elucidating the genetics behind cancer, discovering cellular mechanisms that lead to cancer, and elucidating intracellular and intercellular interactions that allow this progression. (medscape.com)
[ 6 ] These events lead the cancer cell to escape normal cell growth and control mechanisms, to avoid system control mechanisms (ie, immunologic surveillance), and to establish a nutrient supply. (medscape.com)

We have been fascinated by the process of yeast mating-type gene switching, in which cells replace about 700 bp of Ya or Y-specific DNA sequences at the MAT locus by recombining with one of two donor loci, called HMLDescription: image3 and HMRa. (brandeis.edu)
An increase in the expression of the human NEK2 gene is strongly associated with the progression of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. (umbc.edu)
Changes in methylation of this gene could impact progression of gametogenesis or embryogenesis. (github.io)
Methyalation of this gene could promote homeostasis by regulating gonad development processes. (github.io)
Increased expression of this gene in Artemia sinica can suppress cell division and macromolecule synthesis (Jiang 2011), so methylation may be regulating gonad development. (github.io)
The protein encoded by this gene is a cell cycle checkpoint regulator and putative tumor suppressor. (affbiotech.com)
The second model proposes that a transcription factor (TF) network oscillator controls the timing of cell-cycle events, via proper timing of gene expression, including cyclins. (duke.edu)
By measuring global gene expression dynamics in cells with persistent CDK activity, I show that periodic transcription continues. (duke.edu)
Our findings demonstrate that acquisition of MEK inhibitor resistance often occurs through gene amplification and can be suppressed by impeding cell cycle entry in drug. (babraham.ac.uk)
The Forum focused on discussions of selected important gene products that play critical roles in the life cycle of a cell (e.g. (forbeckforums.org)
Modern approaches to treating cancer take advantage of critical biochemical differences between cancer cells and normal cells - from radiation therapy to chemotherapy to experimental gene therapy. (janechin.net)
For example, the TP53 gene, located on chromosome 17, encodes a 53-kd nuclear protein that functions as a cell cycle checkpoint. (medscape.com)

However, Cdks have to be carefully regulated, because even an excess of their activity can affect genome stability. (unimi.it)

Precise activation and inactivation of CDKs at specific points in the cell cycle are required for orderly cell division. (kegg.jp)
The mammalian cell cycle is stringently regulated and orderly process by which a cell reproduces. (janechin.net)

However, several studies have shown that some cell-cycle events, such as periodic transcription, can continue in the absence of CDK activity. (duke.edu)
How are periodic transcription and other cell-cycle events coupled to each other during a wild-type cell cycle? (duke.edu)
One model hypothesizes that oscillations in CDK activity controls the timing of cell-cycle events, including periodic transcription. (duke.edu)
Further, I show that during a wild-type cell cycle, checkpoints are responsible for arresting the bulk of periodic transcription. (duke.edu)
The proteins that play a role in stimulating cell division can be classified into four groups- growth factors , growth factor receptors , signal transducers, and nuclear regulatory proteins ( transcription factors ). (britannica.com)
As a transcription factor whose expression is increased by DNA damage, p53 blocks cell division at the G1 phase of the cell cycle to allow DNA repair. (medscape.com)
The CDK4-cyclinD complex normally phosphorylates the retinoblastoma protein (Rb protein), leading to release of the E2F transcription factor and cell cycle progression. (medscape.com)

ATR-Chk1-mediated protein degradation of Cdc25A protein phosphatase is also a mechanism conferring intra-S-phase checkpoint activation. (kegg.jp)
PIG3 knockdown can suppress intra-S phase and G2/M checkpoints ( 8 ). (ijbs.com)

Microtubule-associated protein MAP1LC3C regulates lysosomal exocytosis and induces zinc reprogramming in renal cancer cells. (uc.edu)

In COAD cells, NEK6 was highly expressed, whereas miR-323a-3p was expressed at low levels and negatively regulated NEK6. (hindawi.com)

PHENOTYPE: Homozygous null mice and MEFs display increased tumor incidence and inducibility, premature death, increased chromosomal instability, and cell cycle abnormalities. (utsouthwestern.edu)

The eukaryotic cell cycle is regulated through the synthesis, degradation, binding interactions, post-translational modifications of regulatory proteins. (wikipedia.org)

The main goal of RT consists in delivering a precise dose of radiation in a target volume, such as tumor, promoting the tumor cells eradication with as minimal damage as possible in surrounding normal tissues ( 13 ). (frontiersin.org)
This group focuses on the cell biology of normal and tumor cells and how these differences can explain tumor progression and possibly identify potential targets for therapeutic intervention. (actrec.gov.in)
The laboratories of Dr. Teni and Dr. Dalal study therapy resistance in oral, cervical and colorectal cancers with an emphasis on how tumor cells acquire resistance to radiation and commonly used chemotherapeutic agents and determining whether these can serve as targets for therapeutic intervention or prognostic markers that can predict the choice of therapy. (actrec.gov.in)
Little progress has been made in understanding how proteotoxic stress affects rapidly proliferating pancreatic tumor cells. (tmc.edu)
The future of cancer medicine lies in the development of highly specific strategies which lead to the selective destroying of tumor cells. (forbeckforums.org)
To begin to address the goal of selective cancer therapy we have to understand the differences between normal cells and tumor cells. (forbeckforums.org)
These changes can be inherited and are, therefore, found in every cell, but more often, they are somatically acquired and restricted to tumor cells. (medscape.com)

Human mediator of DNA damage checkpoint 1 (hMDC1) is an essential component of the cellular response to DNA double strand breaks. (ox.ac.uk)
Curcumin significantly improved blood glucose level, redox status, cellular stress, and decreased INF-Î³ and Bax levels, down-regulated GRP78 and ATF-4 expression, meanwhile, up-regulated Bcl2 and ChAT expression in hippocampus. (bvsalud.org)
Together, these results suggest that CHK2 mediates the function of SIRT1 in cell cycle progression, and may provide new insights into modulating cellular homeostasis and maintaining genomic integrity in the prevention of aging and cancer. (ewha.ac.kr)
The mammalian cell cycle typically completes in 24 hours, where dramatic changes occur in cellular metabolism and cytoskeletal physiology. (janechin.net)
Restriction points receive signals from central- and peripheral cellular networks to determine subsequent cell fate. (janechin.net)
Factors mandating cellular consequence include cell surface-receptors, cytoplasmic proteins, and nuclear proteins. (janechin.net)
The mammalian cell is furnished with receptors linked to interactive series of cytoplasmic networks for controlling cellular processes. (janechin.net)

Further evaluation of the UPR-mediated effects on cell cycle progression revealed that pancreatic cancer cells showed a compromised ability to inhibit G1 to S phase progression after ER stress. (tmc.edu)

PIG3 is highly homologous to NADPH oxidoreductase TED2 in plants and zeta-Crystalline in mammalian cells, and is considered as a proapoptosis marker. (ijbs.com)

For a cell to progress through the cycle and replicate, it must pass through checkpoints between phases to ensure that DNA is replicated correctly and that chromosomes segregate. (tocris.com)
The key role of checkpoint proteins is to detect DNA damage and send a signal to delay cell cycle advance until the damaged chromosomes are repaired (Figure 1). (ptgcn.com)
A human cell at this point has 46 chromosomes (and 92 chromatids). (androbose.in)

We speculate that by coupling RNA processing to the status and activity of Pol II itself, the cell ensures that nascent RNA is properly protected from degradation and efficiently matures into a functional mRNA. (nature.com)

Catastrophic genetic damage can occur if cells progress to the next phase of the cell cycle before the previous phase is properly completed. (tocris.com)
Recent studies have examined the consequences of epigenetic marks and cell cycle control, which has led to more research regarding cell division cancer, emphasizing the fact that the cell division process requires accurate checkpoints to avoid genetic damage. (ptgcn.com)
Interphase is the phase in which the cell grows till it can divide it's genetic material and the cytoplasm into two halves i.e. capable of producing two daughter cells. (androbose.in)
ERKi treatment of cells drives the poly-ubiquitylation and proteasome-dependent turnover of ERK2 and pharmacological or genetic inhibition of Cullin-RING E3 ligases prevents this. (babraham.ac.uk)
That is, many of the same molecular switches that regulate the genetic machinery of a human cell can be found in simple organisms like yeast. (forbeckforums.org)
Importantly, it may also be possible to utilize natural or induced genetic defects (i.e. mutations) in simpler organisms (e.g. yeast cells) to screen for drugs or agents that might take advantage of specific lesions and which might be used to treat human malignancies bearing similar genetic defects. (forbeckforums.org)
The major problem in cancer is an alteration in the genetic machinery that controls cell growth development and death. (forbeckforums.org)
In head and neck cancer, the histologic progression of severity from hyperplasia, dysplasia, and carcinoma in situ to invasion provides a framework to understand the genetic progression of cancer. (medscape.com)

Important concepts and elements of molecular biology, biochemistry, genetics, and cell biology, are examined in an experimental context. (princeton.edu)
Journal of Cell Biology. (ku.dk)

External insults (eg, infections, radiation, drugs) may disrupt stem cell homeostasis in marrow environment, leading to altered growth. (medscape.com)

The laboratories of Dr. Dalal, Dr. Hasan and Dr. Teni study cell cycle progression and checkpoint control. (actrec.gov.in)
To achieve this, preliminary studies were conducted in which we plated different ratios of PFC neurons (fluorescent cells) to NAc neurons (nonfluorescent cells), as determined by cell counting before plating, and investigated the cells after 2 weeks (and supplemental Figs. 2= 17C24, Dunn's test, * 0.05 compared with control group, SCH group, and SCH + SKF group). (bakingandbakingscience.com)
The Nek2 subfamily is one of a family of 11 different Neks (Nek1-11) that are involved in cell cycle control. (umbc.edu)
Here, we show that SIRT1 functions as a modifier of CHK2 in cell cycle control. (ewha.ac.kr)
Cancers by definition are cells growing in an uncontrolled fashion in the host and it is this loss of control which leads to problems. (forbeckforums.org)

These findings establish a mechanism for co-targeting DNA damage-induced cell cycle checkpoints in combination with repair of cisplatin-DNA lesions in vivo using RNAi nanocarriers, and motivate further exploration of ASL as a generalized strategy to improve cancer treatment. (nature.com)
In the present study, the potential mechanism of PIG3 participation in the DNA damage response induced by ionizing radiation (IR) was investigated in multiple cell lines with depleted expression of PIG3 transiently or stably by the small interference RNA and lentivirus-mediated shRNA expression strategies. (ijbs.com)

While completing original research, you will employ techniques used by cell and molecular biologists and developmental geneticists. (princeton.edu)
We examined the localization and expression patterns of CK2 in the various developmental stages of meiotic progression. (biomedcentral.com)

Specifically, SCF has been shown to regulate centriole splitting from late telophase to the G1/S transition. (wikipedia.org)
In recent years, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been suggested to play a key role in the process of embryonic development, differentiation of tissues and organs, chronic inflammation and fibrosis, as well as cancer progression ( 14 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Furthermore, silibinin inhibited the migration and invasion abilities of YD10B and Ca9-22 cells by regulating the expression of proteins involved in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. (jcancer.org)
Here, we extend this work to show that hMDC1 regulates normal metaphase-to-anaphase transition through its ability to bind directly to the APC/C and modulate its E3 ubiquitin ligase activity. (ox.ac.uk)
We suggest therefore that hMDC1 functionally regulates the normal metaphase-to-anaphase transition by modulating the Cdc20-dependent activation of the APC/C. (ox.ac.uk)
promotes G2-M transition, and regulates G1 progress and G1-S transition via association with multiple interphase cyclins. (arigobio.cn)

this technique is catalyzed by enzymes and highly is regulated usually. (angiogenesis-blog.com)

The centrosomes which help in the arrangement of microtubules to form spindle fibers, move to the opposite poles of the cell. (androbose.in)

CDKs regulate the cell's progression through the phases of the cell cycle by modulating the activity of key substrates. (kegg.jp)
There is increasing evidence that Cdks are involved in the DDR, in particular in DNA repair by homologous recombination and in activation of the checkpoint response. (unimi.it)

Using synchronized cells undergoing recombination that is initiated at a specific site on a chromosome by an inducible endonuclease, we use physical monitoring techniques (Southern blots, PCR analysis) to follow the sequence of molecular events that occur in real time. (brandeis.edu)
Molecular Cell 15: 245-258. (nii.res.in)
Molecular Cell 11: 997-1008. (nii.res.in)
Specific defects in the molecular controls that govern the cell progression through its cycle of DNA synthesis and cell division can result in a cancer cell. (forbeckforums.org)
One of the remarkable discoveries that has accompanied the unraveling of the molecular "checkpoints" that determine whether it is safe for a cell to divide or not has been the observation that many of these molecular controls have been conserved throughout evolution. (forbeckforums.org)
By studying simpler organisms it may be possible to examine molecular events that might be less apparent or more difficult to unravel in human cells. (forbeckforums.org)

The cell division cycle is the process in which the entirety of a cell's contents is duplicated completely and then equally segregated into two identical daughter cells. (duke.edu)

2020). Unconventional myosins were also found to be important for embryonic development in urchins, specifically to regulate the onset of blastulation and gastrulation stages (Sirotkin 2000). (github.io)
Comparative biochemical studies of rapamycin and wortmannin on transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta1)-mediated G(1)-S cell cycle progression in C3H-10T1/2 embryonic fibroblasts. (janechin.net)

We conducted a systematic review of the literature on the effects of vitamin D on ovarian cancer cell. (mdpi.com)
Cancer cells that are defective in p53 function are deficient in their ability to transcriptionally upregulate the CDK inhibitor p21 after genotoxic stress. (nature.com)
Our transcriptome analysis revealed in bladder cancer (BCa) tissues a significant induction of lysosomal-associated multispanning membrane protein 5 (LAPTM5), a lysosomal membrane protein preferentially expressing in immune cells and hematopoietic cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
Adapted from the 2015 Cancer Product Guide, Edition 3, this poster summarizes the stages of the cell cycle and DNA repair. (tocris.com)
It also highlights strategies for enhancing replicative stress in cancer cells to force mitotic catastrophe and cell death. (tocris.com)
The effects of silibinin on the migration and invasion of oral cancer cells were evaluated using transwell assays. (jcancer.org)
The activity of NEK6 is enhanced in several cancer cells, including colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) cells. (hindawi.com)
One of the treatments applied in cancer is radiotherapy (RT), a therapeutic modality that uses ionizing radiation to induce damage in unwanted cells. (frontiersin.org)
A. Cancer formation is initiated by damage to DNA of stem cells. (ctsqena.com)
In this dissertation, I investigated the role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and its effects on the cell cycle in pancreatic cancer cells. (tmc.edu)
Activation of the unfolded protein response after ER stress induction was determined by comparing expression of key UPR mediators in non-tumorigenic pancreatic ductal cells to pancreatic cancer cells. (tmc.edu)
In conclusion, pancreatic cancer cells demonstrate a globally compromised ability to regulate the unfolded protein response. (tmc.edu)
RON-augmented cholesterol biosynthesis in breast cancer metastatic progression and recurrence. (uc.edu)
In conclusion, vanillin could induce cytotoxic effects on colorectal cancer cells. (upm.edu.my)
This is in contrast to many current cancer therapies that target multiplying (i.e. proliferating) cells, and also results in the non-specific destruction of normal cells. (forbeckforums.org)
If we can identify the machinery which is either selectively used or functioning incorrectly in the cancer cell it could bring new insights into how to destroy malignant cells. (forbeckforums.org)
Many groups throughout the world are working on this problem in the hope that we will be able to develop new chemicals to intervene selectively in the growth pattern of cancer cells. (forbeckforums.org)
Dr. Oliff, Director of Cancer Research at Merck laboratories, indicated that several different drugs have been identified which interfere with the maturation of the Ras protein as it is processed from a precursor molecule to an active protein within the cell. (forbeckforums.org)
Distinguishing and removing cancer cells from normal cells continue to be key in the experimental design for therapy and prevention. (janechin.net)
The Warburg hypothesis was based on the metabolic differences between cancer cells and normal cells, and proposed that increased glycolysis by transformed cells conferred a bio-energetic advantage for survival over normal counterparts under anoxic conditions (Anghileri, 1983). (janechin.net)
When cells proliferate in the absence of appropriate driving signals, cancer is the undesirable consequence. (janechin.net)
In turn, as a result of research into the abnormal cancer cell, the basic understanding of the cell has greatly improved. (medscape.com)
Cancer is characterized by uncontrolled growth and division of a cell, with extension beyond the normally limiting basement membrane and through the boundaries of normal cells. (medscape.com)

Cells become senescent when there are DNA damage or any other problem. (androbose.in)
However, a compensatory feedback of increased mRNA expression of DNA-PKcs was formed in PIG3-depleted cells after a few passages or cell cycles of subculture, which led the recovery of the DNA-PKcs protein level and the consequent recovered efficiency of the DNA damage response. (ijbs.com)
J-H Lee et al extensively investigated the participation of PIG3 in DNA damage checkpoints after UV irradiation or after treatment using the radiomimetic drug neocarzinostatin (NCS) ( 8 ). (ijbs.com)
The DNA double-strand break (DSB) is considered to be the most severe type of DNA damage induced by ionizing radiation, and this form of DNA damage must be repaired immediately to prevent cell death. (ijbs.com)
Checkpoints at the end of G1 and at the beginning of G2 are designed to assess DNA for damage before and after S phase. (britannica.com)
The theoretical basis for marrow failure includes primary defects in or damage to the stem cell or the marrow microenvironment. (medscape.com)

Third, this activation must stimulate a signal to be transmitted, or transduced, from the receptor at the cell surface to the nucleus within the cell. (britannica.com)

The stages G1, S, and G2 make up interphase, which accounts for the span between cell divisions. (britannica.com)

Tumor xenograft data from Balb/c nude mice demonstrated that HCC cells with high NEK2 expression formed larger tumors than those with low NEK2 expression. (oncotarget.com)
These findings suggest miR-486-5p negatively regulates NEK2, which is a critical prognostic indicator of HCC patient survival after liver transplantation. (oncotarget.com)

Of these regulatory proteins, two ubiquitin ligases are crucial for progression through cell cycle checkpoints. (wikipedia.org)
Transportation of LAPTM5 from Golgi to lysosome could be inhibited by deficiency of Nedd4, a key member of E3 ubiquitin ligase family overexpressing in invasive BCa and promoting its progression. (spandidos-publications.com)
LAPMT5 is a lysosomal membrane protein preferentially expressed in immune cells ( 5 , 6 ) and hematopoietic cells ( 7 ), having a close interaction with the Nedd4 ( 8 ), a member of the E3 ubiquitin ligases family ( 8 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

Along with the anaphase-promoting complex, SCF has important roles in the ubiquitination of proteins involved in the cell cycle. (wikipedia.org)

Recombination between homologous sequences is a fundamentally important process both in meiosis and in mitotic cells. (brandeis.edu)

Analysis of the changes of migration and invasion, showed significant reduced LAPTM5 suppressed cell metastasis. (spandidos-publications.com)
As opposed to almost every other lentiviruses, such as for example human immunodeficiency trojan (HIV)-1, simian immunodeficiency trojan (SIV) and feline immunodeficiency trojan (FIV), which need co-receptors for effective an infection, EIAV seems to depend just on an operating ELR1 for the invasion of focus on cells. (angiogenesis-blog.com)

Cells use special proteins and checkpoint signaling systems to ensure that the cell cycle progresses properly. (britannica.com)

Because most tumors are deficient in one or more aspects of the function of the p53 tumor suppressor, either as a consequence of mutations within p53, or impairment of upstream and downstream modulators of p53 activity 19 , targeting MK2 has the potential to selectively enhance tumor cell killing without increasing the genotoxic effects of chemotherapy on normal p53-wild type tissues. (nature.com)
B. DNA mutations eventually disrupt key regulatory systems, allowing for tumor promotion (growth) and progression (spread). (ctsqena.com)
Melanoma in particular exhibits a high incidence of activating BRAF and NRAS mutations and such cells are addicted to the activity of these mutant oncoproteins. (babraham.ac.uk)
PMID:18786442 mutations and the risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. (who.int)

Here, we investigate amplification events that underlie resistance to the MEK inhibitor selumetinib (AZD6244/ARRY-142886) in COLO205 cells, a well-characterized model for reproducible emergence of drug resistance, and show that amplifications acquired are the primary cause of resistance. (babraham.ac.uk)

The precise regulations of pre-RC protein levels and assembly are effective ways to prevent reassembly of de novo MCM2-7 onto the replicated origins to re-license and re-replicate the genomic DNA in the subsequent phases of the same cell cycle ( Figure 1) . (intechopen.com)

For example, the cvclinD/CDK4 complex phosphorylates the retinoblastoma protein, which promotes progression through the G^S checkpoint. (ctsqena.com)

Anatomy23

Organisms10

Diseases8

Chemicals and Drugs118

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment19

Phenomena and Processes81

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Health Care1

Mitosis14

Kinase11

Proliferation20

Phosphorylation9

Apoptosis16

Mitotic progression2

Genes13

Pathways8

Replication16

Regulation14

Tumorigenesis1

Pathway5

Budding yeast1

Spindle assembly checkpoint1

Response to DNA damage2

Kinases9

Cyclin5

Centrosome2

Arrest7

Mechanisms7

Gene12

Genome1

Orderly2

Transcription7

Intra-S-phase2

Induces1

Negatively regulated1

Instability1

Eukaryotic cell cycle1

Tumor cells7

Cellular7

Inhibit1

Mammalian1

Chromosomes3

Degradation1

Genetic8

Biology2

Homeostasis1

Control5

Mechanism2

Developmental2

Transition6

Enzymes1

Centrosomes1

CDKs2

Molecular6

Cell's1

Embryonic2

Cancer23

Damage6

Activation1

Stages1

NEK22

Ubiquitin3

Proteins involved1

Homologous1

Invasion2

Progresses1

Mutations4

Reproducible1

Phases1

Promotes1