Regulate actin depolymerizing factors. Medical search. Frequent questions

Filopodia are finger-like projections supported by a cytoskeleton of bundled actin filaments ( Gallo and Letourneau, 2000 ). (jneurosci.org)
It binds to actin in a one-to-one molar ratio, and stimulates both the severing of actin filaments and depolymerization of actin subunits from the actin filament end. (reactome.org)
it is initiated by membrane protrusion, which is mediated by the dynamics of actin filaments [ 1 - 2 ] that assemble as a network at the leading edge of migrating cells [ 3 ]. (oncotarget.com)
Cofilin stimulates actin depolymerization and severance of actin filaments at the protruding ends, thereby promoting their rapid turnover and determining the direction of cell movement [ 4 - 5 ]. (oncotarget.com)
A requirement for actin filaments (F-actin) in mediating axon retraction has long been established ( Solomon and Magendantz, 1981 ). (biologists.com)
How do actin filaments form higher-order assemblies that produce and respond to force? (mechanobio.info)
Cells exert traction forces on the ECM and generate tension at focal adhesions through actin stress fibers , which are higher-order structures in the cytoplasm that consist of parallel contractile bundles of actin and myosin filaments. (mechanobio.info)
Cell tension is generated along the actin filaments by the movement of myosin II motor proteins along the filaments (see contractile bundles). (mechanobio.info)

The latter is the enzyme that uses ATP to phosphorylate and inactivate the actin-depolymerizing factor cofilin. (wikipedia.org)
When cofilin is phosphorylated, it regulates actin dynamics. (wikipedia.org)
In the presence of Pyr1, LIMK1 is inhibited, which means that the phosphorylation of cofilin decreases, which results in the blockage of the regulation of actin microfilaments dynamics and, therefore, the disorganization of microfilaments. (wikipedia.org)
ADF)/cofilin family which regulates actin dynamics. (tech-strategy.org)
Only dephosphorylated cofilin binds to G-actin and translocates to mitochondria during AITC-mediated apoptosis. (tech-strategy.org)
Conclusions These findings support a model in which induction of apoptosis by AITC stems primarily from activation of ROCK1 and PTEN and inactivation of PI3K leading in turn to activation of PP1 and PP2A resulting in dephosphorylation of cofilin which binds to G-actin and translocates Fmoc-Lys(Me3)-OH chloride to mitochondria culminating in the dysfunction of mitochondria release of cytochrome c and apoptosis. (tech-strategy.org)
It was shown to negatively regulate the size of dendritic spines of rat hippocampal neurons by inhibiting the expression of Lim-domain-containing protein kinase 1 (LIMK1) which reorganizes the actin cytoskeleton dynamics Z-WEHD-FMK through phosphorylation and thereby inactivation of the actin depolymerizing factor cofilin [100]. (2011globalhealth.org)
This protein, a downstream effector of Rho, phosphorylates and activates LIM kinase, which in turn, phosphorylates cofilin, inhibiting its actin-depolymerizing activity. (thermofisher.com)
Cofilin activity is regulated by its phosphorylation status, and is negatively regulated by serine/threonine kinases, LIM kinases, and testis-specific protein kinase via phosphorylation at Ser-3 [ 6 - 8 ]. (oncotarget.com)
LIM kinase 1 (LIMK1) phosphorylates cofilin, an actin-depolymerizing and -severing protein, at Ser-3 and regulates actin reorganization. (neuroprobe.com)
Treatment of Jurkat cells with S3 peptide inhibited the SDF-1α-induced cofilin phosphorylation, actin reorganization, and chemotactic response of Jurkat cells. (neuroprobe.com)
This actin rearrangement is mediated by depolymerizing factor cofilin, which becomes activated upon dephosphorylation of serine 3 by phosphatases. (gmu.edu)
It has previously been shown that cofilin is negatively regulated by LIM kinase-1 and positively regulated by phosphatases PP1, PP2A and SSH1. (gmu.edu)
We also suppressed the catalytic subunit of PP1a and examined surface receptor expression, cofilin activation, actin change and overall viral infectivity in a stable CEM-SS derived cell line. (gmu.edu)
We saw an increase in F-actin, an increase in phosphorylated cofilin, a decrease in CXCR4 surface expression and significant reduction in viral replication at the levels of nuclear migration and transcription. (gmu.edu)
Cofilin binds to F-actin and exhibits pH-sensitive F-actin depolymerizing activity. (thermofisher.com)

Pyr1 reversibly stabilizes microtubules, blocks actin microfilament dynamics and inhibits cell motility in vitro. (wikipedia.org)
In conclusion, Pyr1 inhibits cell motility and controls actin dynamics and stabilizes microtubules. (wikipedia.org)
Pyr1 may be used in cancer treatment, because its main target enzyme (LIM kinase) is a regulator of microtubule and actin dynamics. (wikipedia.org)
Our data demonstrate that neurotrophin binding to p75 NTR is necessary and sufficient to regulate filopodial dynamics. (jneurosci.org)
Furthermore, p75 NTR regulates RhoA activity to mediate filopodial dynamics. (jneurosci.org)
These observations suggest that neurotrophins regulate filopodial dynamics by depressing the activation of RhoA that occurs through p75 NTR signaling. (jneurosci.org)
The signaling pathways activated by neurotrophins can regulate cytoskeletal dynamics, which in turn determine growth cone behaviors (Gallo and Letourneau, 1998 , 2000 ). (jneurosci.org)
To further analyze neurotrophin regulation of growth cone behaviors, we examined the role of p75 NTR in regulating filopodial dynamics in peripheral and CNS neurons. (jneurosci.org)
This study attempted to illuminate it through the potential proteomic dynamics information about tuber development in vitro regulated by exogenous JA. (biomedcentral.com)
Alteration of G/F-actin ratio and actin dynamics in response to AITC G/F-actin ratio is an indicator of the extent of actin dynamics and might be responsible for regulating apoptosis [5]. (tech-strategy.org)
Fmoc-Lys(Me3)-OH chloride To understand the mechanism of AITC-mediated apoptosis through affecting actin dynamics we separated actin into G and F fractions and evaluated their relative content. (tech-strategy.org)
2009). CFL1 is a member of the ADF (actin-depolymerizing factor) protein family that is involved in regulating actin dynamics in the growth cone. (reactome.org)
During HIV-1 infection of human resting CD4 T cells, viral gp120 engages the CXCR4 cellular co-receptor, inducing signal transduction and modulating cortical actin dynamics. (gmu.edu)
Regulates actin cytoskeleton dynamics. (thermofisher.com)
Guidance cues activate signaling transduction pathways that, in turn, regulate the dynamics and organization of the neuronal cytoskeleton. (biologists.com)
CP dissociates slower from actin stress fibers than from the lamellipodial actin network, suggesting that CP dissociation correlates with actin filament dynamics. (silverchair.com)
Dynamics of actin polymerization in pollen tubes buy minipress over the counter . (jeckefairsuchung.com)

After phosphorylation, CFL1 is inactive, loses its affinity for actin and dissociates from G-actin monomers. (reactome.org)
Perilipin 5 (PLIN5) is a lipid-droplet-associated protein that coordinates intracellular lipolysis in highly oxidative tissues and is thought to regulate lipid metabolism in response to phosphorylation by protein kinase A (PKA). (uci.edu)
FLIM-FRET analysis of protein-protein interactions showed that PLIN5 S155 phosphorylation regulates PLIN5 interaction with adipose triglyceride lipase at the lipid droplet, but not with α-β hydrolase domain-containing 5. (uci.edu)
ROCK1 phosphorylation sites are at RXXS/T or RXS/T. [11] More than 15 ROCK1 substrates have been identified and activation from these substrates most often leads to actin filament formation and cytoskeleton rearrangements. (cloudfront.net)
[17] ROCK1 activation by RhoA also promotes stabilization of F-actin , phosphorylation of regulatory myosin light chain (MLC) and an increase in contractility, which plays a crucial role in tumor cell migration and metastasis. (cloudfront.net)

The small GTPase Rho regulates formation of focal adhesions and stress fibers of fibroblasts, as well as adhesion and aggregation of platelets and lymphocytes by shuttling between the inactive GDP-bound form and the active GTP-bound form. (thermofisher.com)
In primary bovine chondrocytes subjected to 5 MPa of cyclic hydrostatic pressure the actin stress fibers resembled those of non-pressurized controls. (openorthopaedicsjournal.com)

Once freed, ADP-actin monomers can exchange ADP with cytoplasmic ATP, ready for reincorporation at the barbed end of a growing filament (Gungabissoon & Bamburg 2003). (reactome.org)
Malaria parasite actin polymerization and filament structure. (storiedellaltromondo.com)
To elucidate the mechanism of actin disassembly, we characterized molecular kinetics of the major filament end-binding proteins Arp2/3 complex and capping protein (CP) using single-molecule speckle microscopy. (silverchair.com)

A total of 257 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified by iTRAQ, which provided a comprehensive overview on the functional protein profile changes of tuber development regulated by JA. (biomedcentral.com)
And, a large number of protein biosynthesis, degradation and assembly-related were up-regulated by JA to promote tuber protein biosynthesis and maintain strict protein quality control during tuber development. (biomedcentral.com)
Stromal cell-derived factor 1 α (SDF-1α), the ligand for G-protein-coupled receptor CXCR4, is a chemotactic factor for T lymphocytes. (neuroprobe.com)
Asaoka M, brilinta pill cost Kitamura T. Essential role of disordered protein regions in the germ granules, sequestration within germ granules The observation that mRNA decay factors. (highlandsolicitor.com)
Recently, the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) SPIRAL2 (SPR2) protein was shown to regulate cortical microtubule length and light-induced array reorientation by stabilizing microtubule minus ends. (x-mol.com)
Lipid-specific oligomerization of the Marburg virus matrix protein VP40 is regulated by two distinct interfaces for virion assembly. (uci.edu)

Filamin binds all actin isoforms (e.g. (mechanobio.info)

Immunofluorescence and F-actin/G-actin in vivo assays indicated that GAP43 knockdown triggered depolymerization of the F-actin cytoskeleton. (biomedcentral.com)
Actin forms the dendritic nucleation network and undergoes rapid polymerization-depolymerization cycles in lamellipodia. (silverchair.com)

The Rho family of GTPases regulate the actin cytoskeleton. (jneurosci.org)
The filamin family of proteins bind to both actin and a number of signaling molecules including Rho GTPases. (mechanobio.info)

Conversely, RhoA-kinase activity was required to shut down F-actin polymerization underlying protrusive activity. (biologists.com)
Further study of the mechanisms showed that GAP43 might promote cell migration by activating Rac1 and mediating F-actin cytoskeleton polymerization. (biomedcentral.com)
Therefore we examined the effects of drugs which selectively interfere with actin and tubulin polymerization on pressure-induced upregulation of aggrecan and col2a1 (type II collagen) mRNA expression. (openorthopaedicsjournal.com)

In particular, 1) the structure of actin was resolved from crystals in the absence of cocrystallized actin binding proteins (ABPs), 2) the prokaryotic ancestral gene of actin was crystallized and its function as a bacterial cytoskeleton was revealed, and 3) the structure of the Arp2/3 complex was described for the first time. (edu.au)

Importantly, repellent guidance cues cause growth cone collapse and depolymerize growth cone F-actin while promoting axon retraction ( Gallo and Letourneau, 2004 ). (biologists.com)

Formation of axonal F-actin bundles was independent of myosin II, but partially required RhoA-kinase activity. (biologists.com)
I suggest that in the context of semaphorin 3A signaling, RhoA-kinase serves as a switch to change the function of the F-actin cytoskeleton from promoting protrusive activity to generating contractile forces. (biologists.com)
Specific PCP effectors in the wing such as Multiple wing hairs (Mwh) and Rho Kinase (Rok) are required to position the hair at the correct position and to prevent ectopic actin hairs. (uni-wuerzburg.de)

Activated LIMK phosphorylates CFL1 on the conserved serine 3 residue located near the actin-binding site. (reactome.org)

This is consistent with its function as a key modulator of cell motility , tumor cell invasion , and actin cytoskeleton organization. (cloudfront.net)

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action during the developmental stages of an organism. (lookformedical.com)

Thanks to genetic approaches performed in Drosophila, other studies have provided direct evidence that miRNA pathways regulate learning and memory. (2011globalhealth.org)
Here, we focus on the Drosophila ovarian germline stem cell niche and review recent studies that have begun to reveal how intricate crosstalk between various signaling pathways regulates stem cell maintenance, how the extracellular matrix modulates the signaling output of the niche and how epigenetic programming influences cell development and function both inside and outside the niche to ensure proper tissue homeostasis. (biomedcentral.com)

It was also shown that the brain-enriched miRNA-138, which is located in the dendritic compartment on rat hippocampal neurons, negatively regulates the size of dendritic spines. (2011globalhealth.org)
Its upregulation in the infralimbic prefrontal cortex is required to regulate plasticity in adult post-mitotic neurons and is involved in the formation of fear-extinction memory. (2011globalhealth.org)
Mapping synaptic transmission between identified neurons, they usually allow to record only one caused lysis to occur in some cases (S2B Fig and S1 Text) exhibit similar PCC trends, suggesting that DCP1 overexpression in naive cultures does not affect the formation of filamentous actin polymerisation. (storiedellaltromondo.com)
We next examined the necessity of synaptic vesicle proteins are transported, sorted, and locally regulated in neurons to control synaptic autophagy for the active zone proteins in regulating mRNA stability Knockdown of decapping in Drosophila, suggesting that DCP1 overexpression does not result in alteration of the fluorescence intensities of nos and pgc puncta were analyzed using the VariantAnnotation package (V1. (tazreenclaimstrust.org)

1999 ) provided evidence that p75 NTR can regulate axon extension by signaling through the RhoA pathway, such that the unbound state of p75 NTR activates RhoA, whereas neurotrophin binding to p75 NTR terminates this mode of RhoA activation. (jneurosci.org)
This results in a prolonged activation of the downstream RhoA pathway and subsequent spine growth inhibition through the actin cytoskeleton reorganization. (2011globalhealth.org)
The key integrator of the vernalization pathway is a MADS-box transcription factor, FLOWERING LOCUS C ( FLC ), which functions as a repressor of flowering and whose expression decreases during vernalization [ 24 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Our findings suggest that GAP43 is an independent predictor of NSCLC brain metastasis and that it may facilitate metastasis by regulating the Rac1/F-actin pathway. (biomedcentral.com)

LIMK1 also depolymerizes microtubules. (wikipedia.org)

Many of these are likely to help us understand and distinguish between the structural models of actin microfilaments. (edu.au)

This suggests unoccupied p75 NTR negatively regulates filopodia length. (jneurosci.org)
Furthermore, semaphorin 3A promotes the formation of intra-axonal F-actin bundles in concert with the loss of F-actin in growth cone lamellipodia and filopodia. (biologists.com)

When plakoglobin was knocked down in IMPC cell models, the tumor cell clusters were depolymerized. (jcancer.org)

In 2001, significant advances were made to our understanding of the structure and function of actin monomers. (edu.au)

The proposed hypothetical model would explain the interaction of these DEPs that associated with tuber development in vitro regulated by JA. (biomedcentral.com)

Immunostaining studies have shown radial microtubules spreading from the filiform apparatus and filamentous actin (F-actin) distributed longitudinally within the synergids. (plantae.org)

Some cell wall polysaccharide synthesis and cytoskeleton formation-related proteins were up-regulated by JA to promote tuber cell expansion. (biomedcentral.com)
The results revealed that the levels of a number of proteins involved in various cellular processes were regulated by JA during tuber development. (biomedcentral.com)

We created an shRNA vector to suppress SSH1 in human resting CD4 T cells, and found a slight increase in F-actin content, however the knockdown was too lethal to continue further studies. (gmu.edu)

Growth cone behaviors change in a region-specific manner as axons extend to their targets ( Mason and Erskine, 2000 ), suggesting that guidance cues regulate growth cone motility. (jneurosci.org)
Therefore, to understand axon guidance, it is important to determine how guidance cues regulate growth cone motility. (jneurosci.org)
Collectively, these observations suggest that guidance cues cause axon retraction through the coordinated activation of myosin II and the formation of intra-axonal F-actin bundles for myosin-II-based force generation. (biologists.com)

It is a complex process and the underlying molecular mechanism regulating tuber development by JAs is still limited. (biomedcentral.com)

Growth cone behaviors were not investigated in previous studies, and it is unknown whether neurotrophin-p75 NTR interactions regulate RhoA activity in growth cones. (jneurosci.org)
For example, RhoA is one of the downstream signaling cascades activated by vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ). (cloudfront.net)

To quantify fused veins, whereby the MMV291 series could stabilise the interaction between PfACT1 and PfPFN, leading to decreased actin polymerisation. (storiedellaltromondo.com)
Here, formin initiates the polymerisation process to form F-actin. (tazreenclaimstrust.org)

The genes that regulate the polar secretion and cell morphology of synergid cells remain to be identified in further studies. (plantae.org)
Despite extensive studies of specific genes that regulate this process, the global changes in transcript expression profiles at the point when a vegetative meristem transitions into an inflorescence have not been reported. (biomedcentral.com)

Myosin II interacts with F-actin to generate contractile forces that result in axon retraction. (biologists.com)
how can myosin II drive axon retraction if the major source of the required substratum for force generation, growth cone F-actin, has been depleted? (biologists.com)

Disruption of F-actin resulted in severe disorganization of synergid cell morphology, causing incomplete filiform apparatus formation and aberrant positioning of the central vacuole. (plantae.org)

In cells, F-actin assumes specific types of organization depending on its functions. (biologists.com)

In-depth omics analysis revealed differentially regulated genes and peptides including factors related to inflammatory cytokines, cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix, and cytoskeletal regulation. (nsf.gov)

After pollen tube discharge, the longitudinal F-actin pattern temporarily disappeared in the persistent synergid. (plantae.org)
Rop GTPase-regulated pollen tube growth rate from (F) in the previous microcircuit scenario (with no feedforward and feedback inhibition), by adding a phosphate group conjugated to Ser128 (Fig 4A). (bethanchristopher.com)

The establishment of neural circuits depends on the ability of axonal growth cones to sense their surrounding environment en route to their target. (biologists.com)

Metastatic spread is responsible for the majority of cancer-associated deaths and is affected by a variety of factors, including the deregulation of gene expression, signal transduction, and epigenetic modification, as well as epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the transformation of tumor cells into stem/progenitor cells. (jcancer.org)

Exposure of cells to AITC resulted in decrease in the polymerized F-actin and increase in the unpolymerized G-actin (Physique?2A). (tech-strategy.org)
Filamin forms a vital scaffolding adaptor and regulatory component that contributes to the mechanical stability of cells by linking the internal actin network with membrane receptors and mechanosensitive components. (mechanobio.info)
To understand how B-Raf itself is regulated, we combined mass spectrometry with genetic approaches to map its interactome in MCF-10A cells as well as in B-Raf deficient murine embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) and B-Raf/Raf-1 double deficient DT40 lymphoma cells complemented with wildtype or mutant B-Raf expression vectors. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
Because hydrostatic pressure can be a major factor in chondroinduction of mesenchymal stem cells, it was proposed to investigate the importance of the cytoskeleton in transduction of hydrostatic pressure by C3H10T1/2 murine fibroblasts, a model of primary bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. (openorthopaedicsjournal.com)
Genes that encode highly conserved TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS that control positional identity of cells (BODY PATTERNING) and MORPHOGENESIS throughout development. (lookformedical.com)

The mechanisms by which neurotrophins regulate growth cone motility are unclear. (jneurosci.org)
To test if DCP1 levels (S6C Fig). Mechanisms regulating zygotic genome activation. (highlandsolicitor.com)
When relevant, annotations list which samples were collected with a seed mismatch also rapidly mutated, even though our in vivo mechanisms that regulate autophagy by sorting ATG-9 at synapses, we performed transmission electron microscopy (EM) studies. (tazreenclaimstrust.org)

Background subtracted intensities were calculated for each image to best show the distributions of the mRNA decay factors are recruited to homotypic clusters is not sufficient to target germ granule mRNAs. (highlandsolicitor.com)
Sharif H, Ozgur S, Chekulaeva M, Stoecklin G. Human Pat1b connects deadenylation with mRNA decapping and degradation factors localize to germ granules. (highlandsolicitor.com)

Many of the mechanistic insights into how niches regulate stem cell maintenance have been obtained using invertebrate models such as Drosophila . (biomedcentral.com)

Anatomy33

Organisms12

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs113

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment19

Phenomena and Processes37

Disciplines and Occupations2

Technology, Industry, Agriculture3

Information Science5

Filaments8

Cofilin16

Dynamics17

Phosphorylation5

Stress fibers2

Filament3

Protein6

Binds1

Depolymerization2

GTPases2

Polymerization3

Structure of actin1

Gallo and Letourneau1

Kinase3

Phosphorylates1

Cytoskeleton organization1

Cytoplasmic1

Pathways2

Neurons4

Pathway4

LIMK11

Microfilaments1

Filopodia2

Tumor cell1

Monomers1

Vitro1

Microtubules1

Proteins2

Knockdown1

Guidance cues3

Mechanism1

RhoA2

Polymerisation2

Genes that regulate2

Myosin II2

Formation1

Organization1

Regulation1

Pollen tube2

Axonal1

Signal transduction1

Cells5

Mechanisms3

MRNA2

Mechanistic1