Using immunocytochemistry and ELISA, we investigated the production of interleukin (IL)-1β in the rat hippocampus after focal application of kainic acid inducing electroencephalographic (EEG) seizures and CA3 neuronal cell loss. (jneurosci.org)
This compound is a neurotoxicant which primarily damages the limbic system, in particular pyramidal cells in the CA3 region of the hippocampus. (epa.gov)
This image shows neurons in the CA3 region of the hippocampus, which is important for memory encoding and retrieval. (scitechdaily.com)
The findings provide the first glimpse of the molecular mechanism by which long-term memories are encoded in a region of the hippocampus called CA3. (scitechdaily.com)
The researchers found that a protein called Npas4, previously identified as a master controller of gene expression triggered by neuronal activity, controls the strength of connections between neurons in the CA3 and those in another part of the hippocampus called the dentate gyrus. (scitechdaily.com)
They also found that Npas4 is most active in the CA3 region of the hippocampus during learning. (scitechdaily.com)
They also found the same effect when they knocked out the gene just in the CA3 region of the hippocampus. (scitechdaily.com)
A recent study identifies a long-range circuit that illuminates how the prefrontal cortex exerts top-down control over the hippocampus, the seahorse-shaped region vital to forming new memories and to navigation. (kavlifoundation.org)
The second study identifies a mechanism for age-related memory loss rooted in the CA3 region of the hippocampus. (kavlifoundation.org)
The CA3 area of the hippocampus is known for its role in pattern completion and pattern separation, two complimentary processes that help us makes sense of our daily experiences. (kavlifoundation.org)
The hectoSTAR probe can cover a region spanning the surface of a rodent's brain, called the cortex, all the way down to the hippocampus in the deep brain. (umich.edu)
The hectoSTAR probe was placed in the CA3 region of the hippocampus of a live mouse. (umich.edu)
a ) Exemplary image of Ca 2+ imaging (GCaMP6m) in CamKII+ cells of the CA1 region in the dorsal CA1 of the hippocampus in an awake mouse averaged over 60 s at 30 Hz sampling rate. (elifesciences.org)
Exemplary video of Ca 2+ imaging (GCaMP6m) in CamKII+ cells in the CA1 region of the hippocampus in an anesthetized mouse (isoflurane, 1% in O 2 ) over 60 s. (elifesciences.org)
A specific region of the hippocampus, a brain structure that is essential to memory, is significantly smaller in veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder than in those without the condition, according to a study by researchers at the San Francisco VA Medical Center and UCSF. (ucsf.edu)
Just as significantly, the CA1 region of the hippocampus, which shrinks as a part of normal aging, was not significantly affected in the veterans with PTSD, according to principal investigator Norbert Schuff, PhD, a senior research scientist at the SFVAMC Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases and professor of radiology at UCSF. (ucsf.edu)
Previous studies in animals had shown that these regions are the parts of the hippocampus most directly affected by stress, says Neylan, "so we thought these changes might show up in people with PTSD, and they did. (ucsf.edu)
KOPELL, N. Encoding and retrieval in the CA3 region of the hippocampus: a model of theta-phase separation. (bvsalud.org)
Morphological analysis was carried out on hematoxylin and eosin stained coronal sections of the hippocampus: the pyramidal neurons (normal and pyknotic) in the CA1 and CA3 subregions were counted and the pyknotic index (PI) was calculated. (bvsalud.org)
Result: The PI was significantly greater in the CA1 region of the hippocampus in the hydrocephalic groups compared to the age matched controls. (bvsalud.org)
Neurons15
Usually curtailed by the hyperpolarizing local inhibition (due to the excitatory collateral system), this can lead to gradual recruitment of CA3 neurons and result in synchronized burst discharges. (wikipedia.org)
GABAergic neurons, the chief inhibitory neurons of the mammalian brain, are comprised of diverse neuronal subtypes distinguishable on the bases of location in given brain regions, microanatomical features, including dendritic arborizations and axonal projections, expression of specific macromolecules, and neurophysiological properties. (jneurosci.org)
These results offered additional evidence that CA3 pyramidal neurons or their connections play an important, if not essential, role in radial-arm maze performance. (epa.gov)
Nuclei of the CA3 neurons are labeled in green and their dendrites in red, and the smaller specks of green above represent axons projecting to the CA3 neurons from the dentate gyrus. (scitechdaily.com)
This schematic shows two types of synaptic structures on CA3 neurons. (scitechdaily.com)
Neurons in the CA3 region play a critical role in the formation of contextual memories, which are memories that link an event with the location where it took place, or with other contextual information such as timing or emotions. (scitechdaily.com)
Lin's lab had previously developed a method that makes it possible to fluorescently label CA3 neurons that are activated during this fear conditioning. (scitechdaily.com)
Using the same fear conditioning process, the researchers showed that during learning, certain synaptic inputs to CA3 neurons are strengthened, but not others. (scitechdaily.com)
The researchers also found that Npas4 loss did not affect synaptic inputs that CA3 neurons receive from other sources. (scitechdaily.com)
Neuroscientist James Knierim , a member of the Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute at Johns Hopkins University, has shown that hyperactivity of neurons in the CA3 contributes to age-related memory loss by favoring one of these processes over the other. (kavlifoundation.org)
The team discovered that the light elicited a response not only in neighboring cells in the same CA3 region, but that it also impacted the neurons in the neighboring CA1 region. (umich.edu)
The dentate gyrus contains adult neural stem cells, and is a site for the creation of new neurons, while the CA3 region contains receptors for glucocorticoids, which are steroids that are elevated in the brain during stress. (ucsf.edu)
Using a click-chemistry-based method to label the de novo proteome in live brain slices, we monitored translation in neurons and astrocytes of the basolateral amygdala (BLA) and dorsal hippocampal area CA3 (dCA3) in rats at different time-points after a single 2-hour exposure to immobilization stress. (ncbs.res.in)
Based on these analyses, two experimentally testable predictions arose: (i) the number of neurons and the spread of connections is heterogeneously distributed across the main anatomical axes, (ii) the distribution of connection lengths in CA3-CA1 differ qualitatively from those between DG-CA3 and CA3-CA3. (neurosciencenews.com)
Upon expression by AAVs, these monSTIM1 variants significantly increased the expression levels of cFos in neurons and astrocytes in the hippocampal CA1 region following non-invasive light illumination. (bvsalud.org)
Pyramidal4
The apical dendrites in these regions contribute significantly to memory, learning, and sensory associations by modulating the excitatory and inhibitory signals received by the pyramidal cells. (wikipedia.org)
Individual pyramidal cells in the CA3 region have burst properties due to high densities of calcium channels in their proximal dendrites. (wikipedia.org)
This computational study investigates how a CA3 neuronal network consisting of pyramidal cells, basket cells and OLM interneurons becomes epileptic when dendritic inhibition to pyramidal cells is impaired due to the dysfunction of OLM interneurons. (yale.edu)
We investigated oscillatory control using a multiscale computer model of hippocampal CA3, where each cell class (pyramidal, basket, and oriens-lacunosum moleculare cells), contained type-appropriate isoforms of Ih. (yale.edu)
Hippocampal regions3
The results show a significant increase of CO activity in all of the regions studied in the isolated group, with differences among the studied hippocampal regions in both groups. (psicothema.com)
This is the first time in human subjects that PTSD has been shown to be associated with changes in certain specific hippocampal regions and not in others," says Schuff. (ucsf.edu)
Neuronal loss in the hippocampal regions of CA1 and CA4 and less severely CA2 and CA3. (bvsalud.org)
Neuronal2
We observed enhancements in neuronal translation in both brain regions 1 hour after stress. (ncbs.res.in)
Pérdida neuronal en las regiones del hipocampo CA1 y CA4 y, menos intensamente, CA2 y CA3. (bvsalud.org)
Neuron1
The large green structure (center image) represents a synapse between a CA3 neuron and an incoming axon from the dentate gyrus. (scitechdaily.com)
Synapses4
Without Npas4, synapses coming from the dentate gyrus to CA3 failed to strengthen, and the mice could not form memories of the event. (scitechdaily.com)
Retrieval of old associations occurs in the phase when entorhinal input is weak and synaptic input from region CA3 is strong, but when depotentiation occurs at synapses from CA3 (to allow extinction of prior learned associations that do not match current input). (mit.edu)
These phasic changes require that LTP at synapses arising from region CA3 should be strongest at the phase when synaptic transmission at these synapses is weakest. (mit.edu)
Information reaches the CA3 region through mossy fibre synapses made by dentate granule cell axons. (scienceopen.com)
In the model, effective encoding of new associations occurs in the phase when synaptic input from entorhinal cortex is strong and long-term potentiation (LTP) of excitatory connections arising from hippocampal region CA3 is strong, but synaptic currents arising from region CA3 input are weak (to prevent interference from prior learned associations). (mit.edu)
Supra-theta rhythms of hippocampal CA1 are coordinated by local interactions as well as inputs from the entorhinal cortex (EC) and CA3 inputs. (bvsalud.org)
MicrocircuitDB2
MicrocircuitDB: CA3 Network Model of Epileptic Activity (Sanjay et. (yale.edu)
MicrocircuitDB: Ih tunes oscillations in an In Silico CA3 model (Neymotin et al. (yale.edu)
Dendritic2
1 . Sanjay M, Neymotin SA, Krothapalli SB (2015) Impaired dendritic inhibition leads to epileptic activity in a computer model of CA3. (yale.edu)
In the CA3 region, there was no difference in dendritic arborization between hydrocephalic and control mice. (bvsalud.org)
Synaptic2
Our study identifies an experience-dependent synaptic mechanism for memory encoding in CA3, and provides the first evidence for a molecular pathway that selectively controls it," says Yingxi Lin, an associate professor of brain and cognitive sciences and a member of MIT's McGovern Institute for Brain Research. (scitechdaily.com)
In the CA1 region of rat hippocampal slices, we investigated whether glyphosate alters synaptic transmission and long-term potentiation (LTP), a cellular model of learning and memory. (bvsalud.org)
Hipocampo1
Se analizó en los animales el metabolismo oxidativo cerebral del hipocampo (areas CA1, CA3 y giro dentado) mediante histoquímica para la citocromo c oxidasa (CO). Los resultados muestran un incremento significativo de la actividad CO en todas las regiones estudiadas en el grupo aislado, con diferencias entre las areas hipocampales en ambos grupos. (psicothema.com)
Transformations1
The results provide converging evidence that CA3 is capable of performing nonlinear transformations of sensory input patterns, whereas CA1 may represent changes in input in a more linear fashion. (nih.gov)
Computational2
Computational models based on hippocampal connectivity have proposed that CA3 is uniquely positioned as an autoassociative memory network, capable of performing the competing functions of pattern completion and pattern separation. (nih.gov)
In line with systems consolidation and computational theories of episodic memory, evidence from model organisms suggests that the cornu ammonis 3 (CA3) hippocampal subfield supports recent, but not remote, episodic retrieval. (ox.ac.uk)
Medial1
Graph theoretic analyses of 7.0-Tesla resting-state fMRI data revealed that CA3 damage disrupted functional integration across the medial temporal lobe (MTL) subsystem of the default network. (ox.ac.uk)
Dentate granule1
Regions observed in picture: hilus, dentate granule cell layer (DGNs) and molecular layer (m.l. (elifesciences.org)
Rats2
Recently, three independent studies, two using parallel neurophysiological recording methods and one using immediate-early gene imaging, have examined the responses of CA3 and CA1 ensembles to alterations of environmental context in rats. (nih.gov)
In contrast, FXGs are found in rats throughout life in both hippocampal and olfactory bulb circuits while recapitulating the developmental downregulation in other forebrain regions seen in mice. (biorxiv.org)
Retrieval2
The loss of functional integration in MTL subsystem regions was predictive of autobiographical episodic retrieval performance. (ox.ac.uk)
We conclude that human CA3 is necessary for the retrieval of episodic memories long after their initial acquisition and functional integration of the default network is important for autobiographical episodic memory performance. (ox.ac.uk)
Oscillations2
1 . Neymotin SA, Hilscher MM, Moulin TC, Skolnick Y, Lazarewicz MT, Lytton WW (2013) Ih tunes theta/gamma oscillations and cross-frequency coupling in an in silico CA3 model. (yale.edu)
Unique coupling patterns of anatomically defined MS cell types suggested that indirect MS-to-CA1 pathways via the EC and CA3 mediate distinct CA1 gamma-band oscillations. (bvsalud.org)
Connectivity3
Detailed quantification of post-stroke neural connectivity and neuroinflammation indicates a role for remote brain regions in stroke pathology and recovery. (frontiersin.org)
The results provide region-specific quantification of neural connectivity and neuroinflammation, which could be a critical tool for investigating mechanisms of not only stroke recovery, but also a wide variety of brain injuries or diseases. (frontiersin.org)
Models created by PAM can also serve as an educational tool to visualize the 3d connectivity of brain regions. (neurosciencenews.com)
Sensory1
This region of the brain acts as a short-term memory with the ability to store associations of information from different sensory streams in the brain and recall them later. (arxiv.org)
Evidence1
If treated with cardiopulmonary resuscitation, however, cardiac arrest is survivable, but survivors often show evidence of injury in selectively vulnerable regions of the brain. (cdc.gov)
Loss1
In this study, we demonstrated that recent and remote memories were susceptible to a loss of episodic detail in human participants with focal bilateral damage to CA3. (ox.ac.uk)
Mice1
In mice, FXGs are found in the olfactory bulb throughout life but in other forebrain regions are only found in juvenile animals during periods of robust experiencedependent circuit refinement. (biorxiv.org)
Areas1
The idea is that such systems could be deployed to remote regions, for example in the developing world, or to areas for disaster relief after a major storm or earthquake, to provide durable shelter rapidly. (curiouscatblog.net)
Protein1
Other chikun- region of the envelope protein 1 (E1) tosporidium isolates from dairy calves gunya outbreaks caused by the Asian gene of CHIKVs ( 7 ). (cdc.gov)
Cell1
These findings identify new metrics of stress-induced plasticity at the level of cell-type specific proteomic landscape that may provide important insights into the molecular basis of the divergent temporal effects of stress across brain regions and biological scales. (ncbs.res.in)
Dendrites1
CA3 projects Schaffer collaterals to apical dendrites in CA1. (wikipedia.org)
Slices1
top) or Bad −/− (bottom) slices for the indicated regions of interest. (elifesciences.org)
Found1
The researchers used magnetic resonance imaging to scan the brains of 40 veterans - 20 with combat-related PTSD and 20 without - and found that the region known as the CA3/dentate gyrus was more than 11 percent smaller on average in the veterans with PTSD. (ucsf.edu)
Temporal1
The temporal lobe is the most epileptogenic region of the brain. (medscape.com)
Types1
Myanmar, Pakistan, the Philippines, types from cases in the 2001 waterborne targeted a region of the envelope pro- and Thailand. (cdc.gov)
Control1
En nuestro estudio, se usaron dos grupos de ratas, uno formado por animales aislados durante 30 días desde el final de la lactancia y un grupo control, que permaneció en grupos de tres animales durante el mismo período. (psicothema.com)
Stress1
Hypersensitivity of the hippocampal CA3 region to stress-induced neurodegeneration and amyloidogenesis in a rat model of surgical menopause. (rochester.edu)