• Reduces blood loss: In total hip arthroplasty (THA), studies have demonstrated that both spinal and epidural anesthesia tend to have approximately a 30% reduction in intraoperative blood loss compared with general anesthesia , owing to lower arterial and venous pressures. (medscape.com)
  • The Acute Pain Medicine team provides in-patient consultation for patient-controlled analgesia (PCA), epidural anesthesia and other postoperative and acute pain-related problems that include conditions such as sickle cell disease. (childrensnational.org)
  • Epidural anesthesia is used for abdominal surgeries or procedures that require manipulation of perianal or external reproductive and urinary organs. (asra.com)
  • There have been reports of cardiac arrest with difficult resuscitation or death during use of bupivacaine hydrochloride for epidural anesthesia in obstetrical patients. (nih.gov)
  • Thoracic epidural anesthesia were performed with ropivacaine 75 mg. (dergisi.org)
  • Epidural anesthesia with ropivacaine was provided fast and effective anesthesia without sedation in the elderly patient with ileus. (dergisi.org)
  • When a procedure, such as a MRI (magnetic resonance imaging), requires sedation or anesthesia, we work closely with our colleagues in Diagnostic Imaging and Radiology to help make the patient more comfortable. (childrensnational.org)
  • Animals generally lack self-restraint, and most will require heavy sedation or general anesthesia prior to administration of locoregional anesthesia. (asra.com)
  • Following femoral and sciatic blockade, surgical procedures of the knee and distal pelvic limb have been reported under sedation rather than general anesthesia in dogs. (asra.com)
  • Neuraxial morphine is associated with lower pain scores, longer time to first rescue analgesia, reduced postpartum opioid consumption and less sedation following CD, compared to parenteral opioids, though the risk of pruritus and nausea may be higher. (asra.com)
  • PURPOSE: The primary objective of this study was to compare the WALANT (wide awake, local anesthesia, no tourniquet) technique with local anesthesia associated with sedation in relation to pain intensity for minor hand surgical procedures. (bvsalud.org)
  • those in group 1 were submitted to the WALANT technique, and those in group 2, to local anesthesia associated with sedation, for elective surgery. (bvsalud.org)
  • CONCLUSIONS: The WALANT technique promoted an analgesic effect similar to that of local anesthesia associated with sedation, without increasing adverse effects. (bvsalud.org)
  • Procedural sedation and analgesia (PSA) is usually required. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Later, he became one of the founders of the 'original' American Society of Regional Anesthesia and the author of ' Regional Anesthesia: Its Technics and Clinical Application ', which was considered the definitive textbook on regional anesthesia for at least 30 years after its publication. (hmaward.org.ae)
  • Dr. Hanna is a member of the American Society of Regional Anesthesia. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • Management of postoperative pain: A clinical practice guideline from the American Pain Society, the American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, and the American Society of Anesthesiologists' Committee on Regional Anesthesia, Executive Commi. (degruyter.com)
  • These competencies match well with the recommendations for the scope of practice and suggestions on developing a teaching curriculum for UGRA education published by the American Society of Regional Anesthesia (ASRA) [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, the short interval between LMWH and spinal needle placement in this case is not in line with national guidelines including those from the Society for Obstetric Anesthesia and Perinatology (SOAP) and the American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Management (ASRA). (ahrq.gov)
  • In 2011, the Award materialized a new collaborative effort with the University of Montpellier l (France) and Rashid Hospital DHA, to offer a Diploma in Regional Anesthesia and Analgesia as a distant education program by visiting faculy members in Dubai, UAE. (hmaward.org.ae)
  • 4 The Society for Obstetric Anesthesia and Perinatology (SOAP) 5 and the PROSPECT guidelines 6 recommend a multimodal approach to post-cesarean analgesia. (asra.com)
  • 3 Regarding ERAS protocols for colorectal surgery specifically, recommendations in the 2017 clinical practice guidelines from the American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons (ASCRS) and the Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons (SAGES) include implementation of a multimodal, opioid-sparing pain management plan prior to anesthesia administration. (hcplive.com)
  • At present, this approach has been implemented in the concept of multimodal analgesia, involving a combination of various means and methods of anesthesia. (uf.ua)
  • With Infulgan (YURiA-PHARM) becoming commercially available in Ukraine, it is now possible to use the infusion form of paracetamol as a component of multimodal analgesia after abdominal surgery. (uf.ua)
  • Over the next 15 minutes or so, we'd like to talk about multimodal analgesia (MMA), what it is, and how it can improve patient care and overall perioperative outcomes. (medscape.com)
  • Both groups will also receive parecoxib 40mg IV and paracetamol 1G Intravenous (IV) as part of multimodal analgesia. (who.int)
  • 4 Neuraxial injection of opioids and/or local anesthetic via epidural catheter or single-shot epidurals are commonly performed to provide pelvic limb analgesia (Figure 1). (asra.com)
  • SOAP guidelines also recommend consideration of local anesthetic (LA) techniques, including regional nerve blocks, in situations when long acting neuraxial morphine is not used. (asra.com)
  • Therefore a balance between analgesia and side-effects must be considered for each patient when deciding individual neuraxial morphine dosing strategies. (asra.com)
  • 17-19 TAPB should therefore mostly be considered when long-acting neuraxial opioids are not used, as occurs with CD performed under general anesthesia or if long-acting neuraxial opioids are contraindicated or not available. (asra.com)
  • One way to reduce perioperative opioid consumption is to apply opioid-reduced anaesthesia (ORA) and even opioid-free anaesthesia (OFA), which involves regional techniques, neuraxial anaesthesia, nonopioid analgesics or combined use. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Generally, the implementation of opioid-reduced anaesthesia (ORA) or OFA often involves regional techniques, neuraxial anaesthesia, nonopioid analgesics or their combined use. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Define safe time frames for neuraxial anesthesia following anticoagulation use. (ahrq.gov)
  • This case represents a "near miss," in that a pregnant woman received neuraxial anesthesia only four hours after her last dose of prophylactic low molecular weight heparin (LMWH). (ahrq.gov)
  • Whether to administer general anesthesia or neuraxial anesthesia prior to cesarean delivery depends on risks and benefits for each individual patient. (ahrq.gov)
  • Administering neuraxial anesthesia within 12 hours of prophylactic LMWH increased the patient's risk of epidural bleeding and hematoma. (ahrq.gov)
  • The reason for this patient's unusually long duration of neuraxial anesthesia is unknown, but this uncommon complication has been described in case reports and may be due to reduced cerebrospinal fluid volume. (ahrq.gov)
  • For those of us who practice regional anesthesia , MMA also prominently features neuraxial techniques, peripheral nerve blocks, and catheters. (medscape.com)
  • Intrathecal (IT), often referred to as "spinal," anesthesia refers to the delivery of anesthetic agents to the subarachnoid layer of the spinal column into cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) surrounding the spinal cord. (medscape.com)
  • IT opioids can be administered as an adjunct to general anesthesia (e.g., for scoliosis surgery) or combined with local anesthetics and administered during spinal anesthesia (e.g., for total hip arthroplasty). (medscape.com)
  • The advantages of IT opioids for analgesia, especially if spinal anesthesia is already planned, include its simplicity, lack of need for catheter care or pumps, low cost, and easy supplementation with low-dose patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) opioids as needed. (medscape.com)
  • Prospective randomized double-blinded study in patients who underwent a TKA for knee osteoarthritis under spinal anesthesia and treated with femoral and sciatic nerve blocks. (springer.com)
  • Research in newborn animals has revealed that failure to provide analgesia for pain results in "rewiring" of the nerve path-ways responsible for pain transmission in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord, resulting in increased pain perception of future painful insults. (nysora.com)
  • The anesthesia care provider inserted a spinal needle swiftly and uneventfully. (ahrq.gov)
  • The recovery of spinal anesthesia is assessed through a scale defined in 1979 by Bromage and is based exclusively on the return of motor function and does not take into account the recovery of ANS activity. (bvsalud.org)
  • The sample consisted of 60 ASA patients I to III, submitted to orthopedic surgery of lower limbs and lower abdomen under spinal anesthesia. (bvsalud.org)
  • The researchers conducted a randomized clinical trial protocol to assess autonomic function at motor recovery in patients receiving spinal anesthesia with isobaric bupivacaine alone or clonidine-associated isobaric bupivacaine. (bvsalud.org)
  • Regional anesthesia is used extensively for various purposes, including as a primary anesthetic technique for surgery, as an analgesic modality to manage pain in the perioperative period, and as an analgesic modality for various other forms of acute and/or chronic pain. (medscape.com)
  • The use of perioperative regional anesthesia has many possible advantages. (medscape.com)
  • Regional anesthetic and analgesic techniques are increasingly recognized as valuable interventions outside of the traditional perioperative arena and elective surgical settings, including in critically ill and acute trauma patients. (asahq.org)
  • both anesthesia methods may also reduce perioperative hypercoagulability that occurs as a result of the surgical stress response. (medscape.com)
  • Place of modern regional anesthesia techniques in the perioperative period. (uf.ua)
  • Operations associated with increased risk of perioperative mortality and morbidity lead to consider regional anesthesia techniques for elderly patients. (dergisi.org)
  • This narrative review describes the main applications of de la ultrasonografía en ultrasound in anesthesia, ultrasound-guided techniques, and current trends in the perioperative anesthetic management of anestesia the surgical patient. (bvsalud.org)
  • To assess cardiac autonomic modulation during perioperative hypotension caused by subarachnoid anesthesia. (bvsalud.org)
  • Her many educational roles at Johns Hopkins include serving as the associate director of the Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine Residency Program, as well as the director of Pain Management and Regional Anesthesia Education. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • Prior to joining the Johns Hopkins faculty in 2005, Dr. Hanna served on the faculty of the University of Kentucky Department of Anesthesiology, where she led the Regional Anesthesia Program during her final two years. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • Regional anesthesiology and acute pain medicine focuses on the peri-operative management of acute pain of the surgical and non-surgical patient using both interventional and non-interventional modes of analgesia. (ama-assn.org)
  • Fellowship training should result in the development of expertise in the practice and theory of regional anesthesiology and acute pain medicine. (ama-assn.org)
  • In anesthesiology, rapid and accurate the main applications of ultrasound in anes- diagnostic tools are for surgical emergen- thesia as airway evaluation, vascular access, cies, and ultrasound has become a neces- regional anesthesia, pulmonary ultrasound, sary and routine tool2. (bvsalud.org)
  • Opioids administered to the IT space can offer effective postoperative analgesia. (medscape.com)
  • Over the fast few years, there has been accumulating evidence that post-operative pain control is better managed with regional analgesia than opioids analgesics. (hmaward.org.ae)
  • Opioids are commonly prescribed in the peri-operative period for analgesia and pain management. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Opioids remain the mainstay for pain relief, but patient-controlled analgesia, NSAIDs, standardization of pain management, bio/behavioral interventions, modification of head dressings as well as patient-centric management are useful opportunities that potentially improve patient care. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
  • The 0.75% (7.5 mg/mL) concentration of bupivacaine hydrochloride is not recommended for obstetrical anesthesia and should be reserved for surgical procedures where a high degree of muscle relaxation and prolonged effect are necessary ( 5.1 ). (nih.gov)
  • Bupivacaine hydrochloride injection contains bupivacaine hydrochloride, an amide local anesthetic indicated in adults for the production of local or regional anesthesia or analgesia for surgery, oral surgery procedures, diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, and for obstetrical procedures. (nih.gov)
  • Obstetrical paracervical block anesthesia. (nih.gov)
  • Children's anesthesiologists provide anesthesia and analgesia for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes. (childrensnational.org)
  • They also provide anesthesia care for any patient with significant heart disease undergoing non-cardiac surgery (such as ear tubes and tonsillectomies) or non-surgical procedure (such as CT scan or dental examination). (childrensnational.org)
  • This confirms human newborn research that found that the failure to provide anesthesia or analgesia for newborn circumcision resulted not only in short-term physiologic perturbations but also in longer-term behavioral changes. (nysora.com)
  • Affas F, Nygårds EB, Stiller CO, Wretenberg P, Olofsson C (2011) Pain control after total knee arthroplasty: a randomized trial comparing local infiltration anesthesia and continuous femoral block. (springer.com)
  • Andersen KV, Nikolajsen L, Haraldsted V, Odgaard A, Søballe K (2013) Local infiltration analgesia for total knee arthroplasty: should ketorolac be added? (springer.com)
  • Carli F, Clemente A, Asenjo JF, Kim DJ, Mistraletti G, Gomarasca M, Morabito A, Tanzer M (2010) Analgesia and functional outcome after total knee arthroplasty: periarticular infiltration versus continuous femoral nerve block. (springer.com)
  • The opioid based analgesics and land mark techniques have undesirable consequences, regional analgesia technique with ultrasound requires resource and expertise while different wound infiltration techniques are new techniques with minimal side effect and easy to administer. (researchsquare.com)
  • Ultrasound Guided Regional Anesthesia (UGRA) has become the standard for regional anesthesia practice, but there is not a standardized educational approach for training residents. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Hurried Team Huddle and Poor Communication: Unsafe Practice During Anesthesia for Emergency Cesarean Delivery. (ahrq.gov)
  • The use of inhalants for maintenance of anesthesia in veterinary practice is frequent and the most commonly reported complications relate to intubation and respiratory arrest. (vin.com)
  • Regional anesthetic techniques have a significant but limited place in the practice of pain management in infants and children. (agridergisi.com)
  • Labelle, A & Clark-Price, SC 2013, ' Anesthesia for Ophthalmic Procedures in the Standing Horse ', Veterinary Clinics of North America - Equine Practice , vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 179-191. (illinois.edu)
  • pain medicine, regional anesthesia, and interventional analgesia during the last decade and is even the standard of practice. (bvsalud.org)
  • Cite as: VanderWielen B, Ituk U, Landau R, Sultan P, Habib A. Post-cesarean delivery analgesia and the role of peripheral nerve blocks: a review. (asra.com)
  • In this context - the relative lack of central nervous system effects - regional techniques may have a positive impact on respiratory function, avoid cardiovascular derangements, facilitate the evaluation of a patient's cognitive status, and perhaps even improve the ability of patients to tolerate bedside procedures and rehabilitative measures in this often tenuous patient population. (asahq.org)
  • Our specialists provide surgical anesthesia and post-operative pain management for all young patients undergoing surgery at Children's National. (childrensnational.org)
  • Regional anesthesia for veterinary patients was first described in the early 1900s. (asra.com)
  • Regional anesthesia in feline patients, for example, can be more challenging than regional anesthesia in canine patients. (asra.com)
  • Several meta-analyses have concluded that TAPB provides postoperative opioid-sparing and improved analgesia in patients who do not receive ITM. (asra.com)
  • In this case, it is discussed whether solely thoracic epidural technique with ropivacaine provide appropriate anesthesia or not in emergency situations for elderly patients. (dergisi.org)
  • Currently, about one third of patients after surgery, despite the given analgesia, indicate pain of varying severity. (uf.ua)
  • However regional anesthetic techniques presumably afford many of the same advantages for the pediatric patients as it does in the adult patients. (agridergisi.com)
  • Conclusions This study suggests that this new superior trunk approach to block the superior trunk may be an alternative technique to promote analgesia for shoulder surgery in patients with impaired respiratory function. (bvsalud.org)
  • in the immediate assessment of life- was described in the 1950s, it remained threatening cardiopulmonary or circulatory an experimental tool until the early 1970s, dysfunction in patients in operating rooms, when it was used to detect ascites in post-anesthesia recovery units, and the cadavers and splenic hematomas1. (bvsalud.org)
  • Rescue Analgesia will be provided with oral oxycodone 5mg TDS and Morphine S/C 4-5mg, in escalating manner as per patient requirement. (who.int)
  • 3 Furthermore, adequate analgesia is associated with improved maternal-neonatal bonding and higher breastfeeding success. (asra.com)
  • In addition, if a tourniquet is used (to provide a bloodless field), the anesthetic technique should provide adequate analgesia for its tolerance. (renalandurologynews.com)
  • They are physicians who have completed fellowship training in pediatric anesthesia, training beyond the regular course of instruction for an anesthesiologist. (childrensnational.org)
  • Therefore, monitoring cerebral tissue oxygen status with regional oximetry is being increasingly used by anesthesiologists and perfusionists during surgery. (lww.com)
  • This article will focus on the use of regional anesthesia as a postoperative analgesic technique for orthopedic surgery. (medscape.com)
  • Further studies are needed to compare the efficacy and complication rate of EOI blockade to epidural analgesia for Kasai portoenterostomy surgery. (bmj.com)
  • Before a child undergoes any surgery, diagnostic test or therapy, we make sure both the patient and family know what to expect with anesthesia. (childrensnational.org)
  • An amide-type local anesthetic used for local or regional anesthesia during surgery and for short-term management of acute pain. (drugbank.com)
  • Regional anesthesia for dentistry and orofacial surgery in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). (awionline.org)
  • Contraindications to use of IT anesthesia include heparinization or other coagulopathy, local or systemic infection, and morphine allergy. (medscape.com)
  • 19 demonstrated that dipyrone use prior to surgical incision reduces the consumption of morphine per hour, evaluated through the method of analgesia controlled by the patient. (bvsalud.org)
  • Les critères d'inclusion étaient être opérée pour césarienne en chirurgie programmée ou en urgence relative, être sous rachianesthésie réalisée avec l'association bupivacaïne, fentanyl et morphine. (bvsalud.org)
  • Le protocole bupivacaïne-fentanyl-morphine en intrathécal procure une analgésie efficace et durable. (bvsalud.org)
  • [ 2 , 3 ] In addition, in certain operations, such as total hip arthroplasty (THA), the use of regional anesthesia may be associated with certain positive trends such as reduced blood loss and reduced rates of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). (medscape.com)
  • Doses of ≤50 mg bupivacaine equivalents (20 ml 0.25% bupivacaine on each side, for example) are recommended on each side to balance analgesia efficacy with risk of local anesthetic systemic toxicity (LAST). (asra.com)
  • Regional anesthesia can reduce operative anesthetic requirements and in some cases allow avoidance of general anesthesia altogether. (medscape.com)
  • This can be beneficial to a variety of patient populations, including those at risk for cognitive dysfunction after general anesthesia. (medscape.com)
  • Avoids common adverse effects of general anesthesia: Such adverse effects include nausea, sore throat, alteration of mental status, and cognitive dysfunction. (medscape.com)
  • Survey of the utilization of regional and general anesthesia in a tertiary teaching hospital. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • Epidural analgesia is used widely combined with general anesthesia. (dergisi.org)
  • Had the anesthesia care provider known about this recent medication, they might have chosen to administer general anesthesia instead. (ahrq.gov)
  • Locoregional anesthesia for procedures involving the thorax, mammary chain, or abdomen can provide significant pain relief. (asra.com)
  • Regional anesthesia is a commonly used adjunct to orofacial dental and surgical procedures in companion animals and humans. (awionline.org)
  • In one study, false beliefs about addiction and the proper use of acetaminophen and other analgesics resulted in the failure to provide analgesia to children. (nysora.com)
  • Background External Oblique Intercostal (EOI) fascial plane blockade is a relatively new regional anesthetic technique used for a variety of upper abdominal surgical procedures. (bmj.com)
  • [ 1 ] The use of regional anesthetic and analgesic techniques can offer superior overall pain control and reduced postoperative opioid requirements. (medscape.com)
  • Various regional analgesia techniques exist that can be used to promote postoperative pain relief. (medscape.com)
  • In many centers, regional anesthesia techniques are used extensively to allow the performance of orthopedic procedures. (medscape.com)
  • Improves pain control: Regional techniques can block or reduce pain anywhere from several hours to several days, depending on the technique used. (medscape.com)
  • Most regional anesthetic techniques used at this time have been adapted from human medicine. (asra.com)
  • Bauer MC, Pogatzki-Zahn EM, Zahn PK (2014) Regional analgesia techniques for total knee replacement. (springer.com)
  • Use loco-regional techniques whenever possible to reduce the amount of anesthetic drugs and anesthetic depth of the patient. (wizzvet.com)
  • Recent literature from studies in cats as well as other species, will be used to discuss alternative techniques and strategies that may improve not only the anesthetic management but also the morbidity and mortality associated with anesthesia in cats. (vin.com)
  • Also modifying the anatomical approach for children, studying new agents and combinations of agents, technological developments have made regional anesthetics techniques more accessible to children. (agridergisi.com)
  • For these reasons, in the last two decades, there has been an explosion of interest and research related to the use of regional anesthetic techniques in children. (agridergisi.com)
  • In this review, we discuss regional and topical anesthetic techniques available to clinicians who care for this population. (agridergisi.com)
  • Local anesthesia can be used to facilitate examination of the eye, diagnostic procedures, therapeutic techniques, and surgical procedures. (illinois.edu)
  • Opioid consumption and other postoperative outcomes were comparative to previously reported literature of epidural analgesia in this patient population. (bmj.com)
  • In veterinary medicine, regional anesthesia is used for many reasons, including improved postoperative pain control, decreased systemic opioid use, and improved quality of recovery. (asra.com)
  • 100-250 mcg) are associated with a prolonged time until first analgesia request (by 4.5 hours) with a higher risk of opioid related side-effects such as pruritus and postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) when compared with lower doses (50-100 mcg). (asra.com)
  • 13 Furthermore, acetaminophen should be administered in a scheduled rather than as needed manner, with preference for sole agents rather than acetaminophen-opioid combination preparations, as these provide comparable analgesia with significant opioid sparing effects. (asra.com)
  • Masimo O3 regional oximetry provided absolute root-mean-squared error of 4% and relative root-mean-squared error of 2.1% in healthy volunteers undergoing controlled hypoxia. (lww.com)
  • Hypoxia is a condition where either all (generalized hypoxia) or a specific part of the body (regional hypoxemia) does not receive or is not able to use adequate oxygen for aerobic metabolism. (wizzvet.com)
  • To evaluate the effect of preemptive analgesia of paracetamol and dipyrone in vital teeth professionally whitened in office. (bvsalud.org)
  • Dipyrone 500 mg exhibited higher effectiveness than Paracetamol 500 mg in the study population, as a technique of preemptive analgesia in tooth whitening procedure. (bvsalud.org)
  • Finally, there are wide variations in species' anatomy, physiology, and the pharmacokinetics of local anesthetics that must be taken into consideration prior to safely performing regional anesthesia. (asra.com)
  • Recovery characteristics of dogs following anesthesia induced with tiletamine-zolazepam, alfaxalone, ketamine-diazepam, or propofol and maintained with isoflurane. (awionline.org)
  • OBJECTIVE To compare characteristics of recovery from isoflurane anesthesia in healthy nonpremedicated dogs after anesthetic induction by IV administration of tiletamine-zolazepam with those observed after induction by IV administration of alfaxalone, ketamine-diazepam, or propofol. (awionline.org)
  • This exclusive collaboration in the Gulf region is aimed at building experience in pain management through regional anesthesia with excellent published outcomes. (hmaward.org.ae)
  • 1,2 Despite a paucity of literature on the subject, this expansion of use makes intuitive sense, as the potential benefits of regional anesthesia and pain management may prove especially beneficial in the trauma population. (asahq.org)
  • She serves as the director of the Acute Pain Service and the chief of the Division of Regional Anesthesia and Acute Pain Management. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • Dr. Hanna has been instrumental in developing regional anesthesia and pain management educational programs for residents, fellows and faculty in the U.S. and abroad. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • While castration and ovariohysterectomy were the most commonly performed procedures requiring anesthesia in cats (together 54%), dentistry accounted for 22% of cats requiring anesthesia. (vin.com)
  • It is understood to be important to analyze these factors using methods already validated in the domain of chaos, complexity and fractality, more compatible with the complexity of the behavior of biological systems, in the characterization of the autonomic function during the subarachnoid anesthesia. (bvsalud.org)
  • In fact, pain can seriously disrupt the quality of life, increases morbidity and the length of stay in hospital In this regard, regional analgesia is superior not only in the relief of pain, but also improves the post operative rehabilitation the outcom and also the cancer surgeries. (hmaward.org.ae)
  • Published studies on morbidity and mortality associated with anesthesia in cats as well as the pharmacology of inhalant anesthetic agents will form the basis for discussing some of the challenges that cats present during the maintenance of anesthesia. (vin.com)
  • A local anesthetic used for inducing local, infiltrative, or conductive anesthesia in both simple and complex dental procedures. (drugbank.com)
  • An adjuvant therapy is the preemptive analgesia, which is a drug regimen prior to the nociceptive stimulus, aiming at preventing hyperalgesia and the subsequent pain amplification 1 . (bvsalud.org)