Region gene products pol. Medical search. Frequent questions

Later, the proximity of spf to polA (gene encoding DNA polymerase I) led Polayes and co-workers to test whether the products of these genes could influence each other. (wikipedia.org)
In eukaryotes, DNA polymerase δ (Pol δ) bound to the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) replicates the lagging strand and cooperates with flap endonuclease 1 (FEN1) to process the Okazaki fragments for their ligation. (nature.com)
Studies of genes transcribed by RNA polymerase II (Pol II) have shown that open and closed chromatin structures are dynamically regulated through multiple mechanisms, including histone modifications, histone variant incorporation, and DNA methylation (reviewed in reference 17 ). (asm.org)
Genome-wide studies in Saccharomyces cerevisiae , for example, have revealed that promoters of most actively transcribed genes are depleted of nucleosomes and that histone density is inversely proportional to the transcription rate within coding regions, suggesting that nucleosomes are dynamically disassembled and reassembled at each passage of the polymerase ( 16 ). (asm.org)
Reference: DNA polymerase beta is not essential for the formation of palindromic (P) region of T cell receptor gene. (neb.com)
Formation of palindromic (P) region at the variable (V)-diversity (D)-joining (J) junction in DNA polymerase beta (pol-beta) deficient mice were investigated by sequencing of reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) products of mRNAs encoding the beta chain of T cell receptor (TCR). (neb.com)
They are usually generated from either exons or introns of both protein-coding and non-coding transcripts that are processed by RNA polymerase II (Pol II) [ 12 - 14 ]. (ijbs.com)
Key components of the RNA-directed DNA methylation pathway include two functionally diversified RNA polymerase II (Pol II)-related RNA polymerases called Pol IV and Pol V [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The nomenclature of different promoter-associated RNA polymerase II (Pol II) species is explicitly defined in an effort to provide consistency in future literature. (nature.com)
Recent years have witnessed a sea change in our understanding of transcription regulation: whereas traditional models focused solely on the events that brought RNA polymerase II (Pol II) to a gene promoter to initiate RNA synthesis, emerging evidence points to the pausing of Pol II during early elongation as a widespread regulatory mechanism in higher eukaryotes. (nature.com)
First, in the nucleus, the miRNA gene is transcribed into a long transcript under the action of RNA polymerase II (RNA Pol II). (cusabio.com)
This process includes the activity of an RNA polymerase III (RNAPIII, also known as Pol III) subunit that uncouples endosperm cell proliferation and storage reserve accumulation. (plantae.org)
The authors mapped the smk7 mutation to a gene encoding the second-largest subunit of RNAPIII, NRPC2 (Nuclear RNA Polymerase C2) using map-based sequencing and confirmed that the mutation leads to a defective NRPC2 protein in smk7 . (plantae.org)
pol" is short for polymerase, the enzyme class of reverse transcriptase. (lookformedical.com)
The nOPV2 candidate strains include different combinations of 5 distinct modified regions of the Sabin-2 genome, including changes to the RNA sequence in the 5' untranslated region of polio genome (5' UTR), the capsid protein coding region (P1), the non-structural protein 2C, and the polymerase 3D. (biosafety.be)
A 252 nucleotide sequence from the polymerase region (POL) was compared to sequences of the new variant genotype GII.4 that has caused epidemics in the Northern Hemisphere in 2002 and 2003. (health.gov.au)
Antibodies to the polymerase (POL) gene products (p31, p51, and p66) are also commonly detected if these antigens are present on the Western blot strips. (cdc.gov)

For instance, many mutations lie in the HIV pol gene that encodes viral protease, reverse transcriptase, integrase and other proteins. (stratech.co.uk)
gag gene encodes a capsid like protein. (sisef.it)
This gene encodes a T7 major capsid protein whose function is not clear. (abcam.cn)
The reporter gene encodes a reporter protein enzyme that can be used in functional assays. (genecopoeia.com)
Given that HSV-1 encodes several microRNAs, it is possible that a dynamic equilibrium exists between silencing and silencing suppression that is capable of modulating viral gene expression to promote replication, to evade host defenses, and/or to promote latency. (moam.info)
The MEFV gene encodes pyrin, a protein generally population of around 70 million, Turkey is predicted to expressed in myeloid cells, which regulates IL-1beta pro- have more than 100 000 patients with FMF ( 7,8 ). (who.int)
[ 4 ] The emm gene encodes the M protein. (medscape.com)

This result unequivocally indicates that pol-beta, which is one of the repair-type DNA polymerases most abundantly expressed in thymus and spleen, is not essential for the formation of P region. (neb.com)
This pattern of methylation is mediated in part by small RNAs and two specialized RNA polymerases, termed Pol IV and Pol V, in a process called RNA-directed DNA methylation. (biomedcentral.com)
Transcription in eukaryotes is carried out by three main RNA polymerases: Pol I, II, and III. (mdpi.com)

By contrast, many protein-coding genes transcribed by Pol II contain in their gene bodies exclusively CG methylation that is independent of small RNAs and Pol IV/Pol V activities. (biomedcentral.com)
One basic problem is how a decrease in tRNA levels, by downregulating Pol III efficiency, influences the expression pattern of protein-coding genes. (mdpi.com)
Approximately 60% of miRNA genes are located in the intergenic region, and the remaining 40% are in introns of protein-coding genes or other transcriptional elements. (cusabio.com)

The retroviral promoter can direct high-level, efficient expression of genes encoded within the viral capsid of its genome using chromatin. (ukessays.com)
Transcription proceeds through the genome and mRNA is polyadenylated and processed using signals in transcribed regions from the 3′ LTR at the end of the transcribed R (repeat). (ukessays.com)
This work sheds light on the structural basis of Pol δ's activity in replicating the human genome. (nature.com)
These genes have presumably evolved and been maintained in the genome in response to the pathogenic and lethal consequences of infection, and are now thought to constitute an important part of the host defense against these viruses. (biomedcentral.com)
Plants have evolved a complex transcriptional machinery for generating and using small RNAs that guide DNA cytosine methylation at homologous regions of the genome. (biomedcentral.com)
Their ability to move and/or replicate inside the genome is an important evolutionary force, responsible for the increase of genome size and the regulation of gene expression. (sisef.it)
Transposable elements (TEs) are ancient (retro)-virus insertions inside a host genome and are peculiar mobile genetic elements accounting for a large proportion of repetitive DNA regions ( [29] ). (sisef.it)
The genome of P. falciparum contains hundreds of genes that show CVGE, such that individual parasites within an isogenic population express these genes at very different levels, often fully active or completely silenced [15] . (plos.org)
ERVs and related sequences are estimated at ~400,000 copies or 4.6% of the human genome, including genomic proviruses like 5' long terminal repeat (LTR)-gag-pol-env-3' LTR ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
On the other hand, LTR-retrotransposons, so called mammalian apparent LTR retrotransposons (MaLRs) represent 3.6% of the genome and lack primer binding sites and gag-pol genes ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
CRISPR-Cas9-based genome editing has revolutionized genetic research, triggering the development of a plethora of technologies and applications that provide unprecedented control over genes in a growing list of model species ( 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ). (life-science-alliance.org)
OmicsLink ™ shRNA clone collections include lentiviral and non-viral vector-based shRNA constructs against genome-wide human, mouse and rat genes. (genecopoeia.com)
The life cycle of retroviruses is arbitrarily divided into two distinct phases: the early phase refers to the steps of infection from cell binding to the integration of the viral cDNA into the cell genome, whereas the late phase begins with the expression of viral genes and continues through to the release and maturation of progeny virions (see Figure 1 for a schematic view of the retroviral life cycle). (biomedcentral.com)

Pol is the reverse transcriptase. (ukessays.com)
DNA sequences that form the coding region for retroviral enzymes including reverse transcriptase, protease, and endonuclease/integrase. (lookformedical.com)
The prevalence of mutations associated with antiretroviral drug resistance in protease (PR) and reverse transcriptase (RT) regions among antiretroviral treatment-naïve HIV-1 infected pregnant women was investigated in Bukoba (Kagera) and Moshi (Kilimanjaro) municipalities, Tanzania, between September and December 2005. (biomedcentral.com)

Unspliced full-length mRNA can give rise to gag-pol proteins. (ukessays.com)
Additionally, the interaction of PCNA with Pol δ is critical for coordinating its transient replacement by other PCNA partner proteins. (nature.com)
DNA sequences that form the coding region for the viral envelope (env) proteins in retroviruses. (lookformedical.com)
Retroviral proteins, often glycosylated, coded by the envelope (env) gene. (lookformedical.com)
Proteins coded by the retroviral gag gene. (lookformedical.com)
Validation studies - The OmicsLink™ expression ready ORF cDNA clones together with the same ORF clones that contain silent mutations in shRNA target sequence regions can be used for shRNA validation studies and gene/protein functional rescue studies for genes/proteins targeted by corresponding shRNA. (genecopoeia.com)

Pol IV is needed to produce the small RNA trigger for methylation whereas Pol V acts downstream of small RNA biogenesis to facilitate de novo methylation of genomic DNA at the small RNA-targeted site. (biomedcentral.com)
In this work, we describe Regression2Net, a computational approach that is able to integrate gene expression and genomic or methylation data in two steps. (researchgate.net)
Clinical and genomic analysis of virulence-related genes in bloodstream infections caused by Acinetobacter baumannii. (cdc.gov)

Active and silent rDNAs have distinct chromatin states at the promoter and within the transcribed region. (asm.org)
E2F site in the essential promoter region does not confer S phase-specific transcription of the ABCC10 gene in human prostate cancer cells. (nih.gov)
Further demonstrating that expressed CRP genes lack gene body methylation, a CRP4-GFP fusion gene under the control of the constitutive 35 S promoter remains unmethylated in leaves and is transcribed to produce a translatable mRNA. (biomedcentral.com)
By contrast, a CRP4-GFP fusion gene under the control of a CRP4 promoter fragment acquires CG and non-CG methylation in the CRP coding region in leaves similar to the silent endogenous CRP4 gene. (biomedcentral.com)
Multiple lines of evidence support the idea that Pol II and nucleosomes compete for promoter binding and suggest that a crucial role of paused Pol II involves maintenance of accessible promoter chromatin architecture. (nature.com)
Here the evidence for pausing of Pol II from recent high-throughput studies will be discussed, as well as the potential interconnected functions of promoter-proximally paused Pol II. (nature.com)
Figure 1: Defining the terms used to describe promoter-associated Pol II complexes. (nature.com)

Bækkedal and Haugen made a Spot42 consensus secondary structure based on all known "spf" sequences at the time (2015) and found that the spot42 gene is highly conserved across the 5 orders it is identified. (wikipedia.org)
LTR regions of HTLV-1 sequences were analyzed for the presence of intrafamilial polymorphisms. (bvsalud.org)
They found that the product of lin-4 is not a protein-encoding mRNA, but a 22-nucleotide non-coding RNA containing several partially complementary sequences to the 3'UTR of lin-14 mRNA. (cusabio.com)
These solo-LTRs contain functional sequences like promoters, enhancers, polyadenylation signals and are frequently located near cellular genes. (frontiersin.org)
Mutations conferring resistance to antiretroviral drugs are based on comparing gene sequences with corresponding consensus sequences of HIV-1 subtype B that represents only 10% of the AIDS pandemic. (biomedcentral.com)
The HIV-1 pol gene was amplified using primers recognizing conserved viral sequences and sequenced employing BigDye chemistry from 100 HIV-1 seropositive treatment-naïve pregnant women and 61 HIV-1 seropositive women who had received a single dose of Nevirapine (sdNVP). (biomedcentral.com)

We have also investigated the roles of various eIFs, tRNAi and the 40S subunit in scanning the mRNA 5′ untranslated region and in accurately identifying the AUG initiation codon. (nih.gov)
It has been reported that only 2-7 nucleotides (nt) within a miRNA (the seed region) perfectly match a region on its target mRNA [ 17 ]. (ijbs.com)
We speculate that by coupling RNA processing to the status and activity of Pol II itself, the cell ensures that nascent RNA is properly protected from degradation and efficiently matures into a functional mRNA. (nature.com)
Functional assays by a reporter gene/protein - Alternatively, when the endogenous transcript level of gene of interest is low and/or when qRT-PCR and western blot analysis is not feasible or possible, KD effect can be measured by co-transduction of shRNA clone with an expression clone plasmid which is transcribed into a chimeric mRNA transcript consisting of a reporter gene and the target gene ORF. (genecopoeia.com)
The destruction of the target gene mRNA by targeting shRNA results in the degradation of the reporter gene and, therefore, translation reduction of reporter protein enzyme. (genecopoeia.com)
These include functions that promote viral gene transcription, inhibition of host mRNA processing, increased degradation of mRNA, and a shutoff of host protein synthesis (29, 52, 58). (moam.info)

Although epigenetically silenced, endogenous retroviral (ERV) genes become activated in tumors and function to ignite immune responses. (frontiersin.org)
Elucidating these mechanisms and identifying which cellular factors are exploited by the retroviruses and which hinder their life cycle, will certainly lead to the discovery of new ways to inhibit viral replication and to improve retroviral vectors for gene transfer. (biomedcentral.com)
Fully elucidating the early steps of retrovirus replication is therefore crucial not only for identifying new antiretroviral drugs, but also for improving the design of retroviral vectors for gene therapy. (biomedcentral.com)

Four latency types (0, I, II, III) are defined depending on the expression pattern of EBV latent genes, and at the same time are linked to a particular tumor type [ 6 , 7 ]. (ijbs.com)
miRNAs are able to post-transcriptionally control gene expression by binding to target mRNAs [ 15 ]. (ijbs.com)
Unlike CG methylation in gene bodies, which does not dramatically affect Pol II transcription, combined CG and non-CG methylation in CRP coding regions is likely to contribute to gene silencing in leaves because loss of this methylation in synergid cells is associated with CRP gene expression. (biomedcentral.com)
Clonally variant gene expression (CVGE) lies at the base of a bet-hedging adaptive strategy consisting of the stochastic generation of phenotypic diversity followed by natural selection upon environmental changes (for a recent discussion on bet-hedging, see [14] ). (plos.org)
However, he thought the gene lin-4 expressed a regulatory protein that inhibited the expression of the gene lin-14. (cusabio.com)
Mutation of the maize FLOURY3 ( FL3 ) gene, encoding one of 17 subunits forming the RNAPIII complex that regulates gene expression involved in storage protein synthesis, results in small and floury endosperm (Li et al. (plantae.org)
Search the gene expression profiles from curated DataSets in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) repository. (cancerindex.org)
Examples of 2-omics analyses include expression quantitative trait locus eQTL (Franke & Jansen, 2009) and methylation quantitative trait locus meQTL (Smith, Kilaru, Kocak, Almli, & Mercer, 2014) that, respectively, assess the influence of genetic and epigenetic markers on gene expression. (researchgate.net)
These evidences are often based on the derivation of standard measures of association, linking (epi-)genetic markers to gene expression combined with gene expression analysis (Wagner, Busche, Ge, Kwan, & Pastinen, 2014). (researchgate.net)
Integration of gene expression and methylation to unravel biological networks in glioblastoma patients: Gadaleta et al. (researchgate.net)
When applying our approach, Regression2Net to gene expression and methylation profiles for individuals with glioblastoma multiforme, we identified, respectively, 284 and 447 potentially interesting genes in relation to glioblastoma pathology. (researchgate.net)
A set of three expression constructs and a scrambled control is offered against every target gene with the guarantee that at least one of the three will have a knockdown effect of 70% or more on corresponding gene expression as determined by qRT-PCR, otherwise the constructs will be replaced one time free of charge. (genecopoeia.com)
Furthermore, this analyses confirmed the positive roles of CDK9 and Yorkie in regulating Mad-dependent gene expression in vivo. (sdbonline.org)
By activating the expression of genes whose products are required for metamorphosis, ecdysone and EcR-USP are essential for the reorganization of flies' body plans before emerging from pupal cases as adults. (sdbonline.org)
tally and temporally regulate gene expression (reviewed in references 1, 2, 54, and 68). (moam.info)
DNA methylation and histone modifications play a central role in the epigenetic regulation of gene expression and cell differentiation. (cipsm.de)

Endogenous Product Cycles ," NBER Working Papers 2913, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. (repec.org)

a Domain organization of the four subunits of human Pol δ and amino acid sequence of PCNA-interacting (PIP-box) motifs. (nature.com)
RNA-directed DNA methylation results in a characteristic modification pattern that is typified by methylation of cytosines in all sequence contexts (CG, CHG and CHH, where H is A, T or C) within the region of small RNA-DNA sequence homology [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Two retrotransposons, belonging to the two major classes of LTR and non-LTR elements, were characterized trough a SCAR (Sequence Characterized Amplified Region) strategy. (sisef.it)
Nucleotide sequence of a portion of human chromosome 9 containing a leukocyte interferon gene cluster. (nih.gov)
The env genes contain a cis-acting RNA target sequence for the rev protein (= GENE PRODUCTS, REV ), termed the rev-responsive element (RRE). (lookformedical.com)
The rest of the modifications aim to stabilize the genetic sequence against reversion in either the 5' UTR or capsid regions. (biosafety.be)
Sequence analysis indicated greater than 95 per cent similarity in the POL between the Queensland strain and the Northern Hemisphere 2002/3 GII.4 variant. (health.gov.au)
There are 4 major subfamilies of emm genes, which are defined by sequence differences within the 3' end, encoding the peptidoglycan-spanning domain. (medscape.com)

Phenotype annotations for a gene are curated single mutant phenotypes that require an observable (e.g., "cell shape"), a qualifier (e.g., "abnormal"), a mutant type (e.g., null), strain background, and a reference. (yeastgenome.org)
The identification of causal or predictive variants/genes/mechanisms for disease-associated traits is characterized by 'complex' networks of molecular phenotypes. (researchgate.net)

Mammalian Pol δ consists of a catalytic subunit and three regulatory subunits (Fig. 1a ). (nature.com)
It is becoming increasingly apparent that mammalian cells harbor numerous genes that induce intracellular blocks to retrovirus infection [ 1 , 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Chromatin also regulates Pol I transcription, although its mechanistic details are less understood. (asm.org)
Although pausing has been connected to extremely rapid and synchronous activation of genes, pausing is also highly associated with constitutively expressed genes that encode signalling and transcription factors. (nature.com)
Distinct signals that act through diverse targeted transcription factors can regulate different steps in the transcription pathway and provide a highly modulated transcriptional response at individual genes. (nature.com)

Retroviruses have various characteristics that make them unique as gene delivery vehicles. (ukessays.com)

The identities of these genes provide insights into the mechanism of virus resistance and will help to define new pathways used during retrovirus infection. (biomedcentral.com)
Current data indicate that pausing is particularly enriched at genes in signal-responsive pathways. (nature.com)
Pathway analysis - Genes have been grouped into various signal transduction, metabolic, and disease pathways and associations, as well as gene families and groups. (genecopoeia.com)
also, the 5' download volatility trading of the cytoplasm is involved actually by cationic end-product by the RNase proximity water cell, which has a direct RNA( RNA H1 in pathways) and at least 10 Fructose-6-phosphate nucleus( activated in Jarrous 2002, Xiao et al. (evakoch.com)

The chromosomal arrangement of emm subfamily genes reveals 5 major emm patterns, designated as emm patterns A through E. An example of the usefulness of emm typing is described by McGregor et al. (medscape.com)

For a more unknowing glutamate of the flash mannose, make the dimerization to the intracellular RNA Pol II glucose lipid well. (evakoch.com)

DRMs testing, an assay called genotyping, is to find allele variants in specific gene regions. (stratech.co.uk)
Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. (nih.gov)

Positions 1-350 of the RT and 1-99 of the PR genes were analyzed for mutations based on the Stanford University HIV Drug Resistance Database. (biomedcentral.com)
Based on the WHO HIV Drug Resistance Research Network Threshold of less than 5%, the baseline prevalence of primary mutations among treatment-naïve HIV-1 infected pregnant women in Kagera and Kilimanjaro regions was low. (biomedcentral.com)
More studies addressing the correlation between polymorphic mutations, antiretroviral resistance and clinical outcome are warranted in regions where non-B subtypes are prevalent. (biomedcentral.com)
Amyloidosis, which could mutations that can affect the MEFV gene ( 8,9 ). (who.int)

In E. coli the spf gene is flanked by polA (upstream) and yihA (downstream). (wikipedia.org)
Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio vulnificus, Aliivibrio fischeri and Aliivibrio salmonicida the spf gene is flanked by polA (upstream) and a sRNA gene encoding the novel VSsRNA24 (downstream). (wikipedia.org)
For example, murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (MHV-68)-encoded miRNAs are located downstream of viral tRNAs and transcribed by RNA Pol III [ 2 ]. (ijbs.com)

Intron miRNA genes are generally consistent with the intron transcriptional orientation, suggesting that most of these genes are co-transcribed with host protein genes and then cleaved from the introns of these protein genes. (cusabio.com)

RNAi is mediated by small (21- to 24-nucleotide [nt]) antisense RNAs that induce gene-specific silencing by virtue of complete or partial complementarity with their respective target mRNAs (2, 13, 72, 73, 75). (moam.info)

In contrast, genes transcribed by Pol II are organized in a more compact, regularly spaced, nucleosomal structure. (asm.org)
By contrast, storage product accumulation is normal in smk7 kernels. (plantae.org)

Exceptionally, a minority of miRNAs are derived from RNA Pol III transcripts. (ijbs.com)
In a current model, Pol V synthesizes scaffold transcripts that interact with ARGONAUTE4-bound small RNAs, which recruits the methylation machinery to the target DNA [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Validated qRT-PCR primers for corresponding target genes (and any other published transcripts) are also available. (genecopoeia.com)

GO Annotations consist of four mandatory components: a gene product, a term from one of the three Gene Ontology (GO) controlled vocabularies ( Molecular Function , Biological Process , and Cellular Component ), a reference, and an evidence code. (yeastgenome.org)
Click "Gene Ontology Details" to view all GO information and evidence for this locus as well as biological processes it shares with other genes. (yeastgenome.org)

shRNA is driven by pol III promoters (H1, U6) or pol II promoters (CMV, EF1a, CAG and CBh), both with great knockdown efficiency. (genecopoeia.com)

Gram-negative bacteria not only have different factors of virulence and generate products and sub-products that are toxic to apical and periapical tissues, but also contain endotoxin in the outer membrane of their cell wall. (bvsalud.org)

In the maturation of Okazaki fragments, Pol δ invades the previously synthesized Okazaki fragments to gradually displace the RNA-DNA primers for their removal by the PCNA-bound FEN1 16 . (nature.com)

age: 11 years" /db_xref="taxon:122929" /country="Russia: Omsk region" /collection_date="May-2012" /note="genotype: GII.P16-GII.3" gene 5. (cdc.gov)

Single gene down-regulation - The knocking down (KD) effect of the shRNA clones for a single gene can be studied and compared with that of a scrambled nucleotide control clone which is included for free with every shRNA clone order. (genecopoeia.com)

In leaves, the CRP genes are silent and their coding regions contain dense, transposon-like methylation in CG, CHG and CHH contexts, which depends partly on the Pol IV/Pol V pathway and small RNAs. (biomedcentral.com)
By arraying the shRNA clones of known pathway(s) in 96 or 384 well plates, the role for a group of genes can be studied in a pathway. (genecopoeia.com)

African trypanosomes have the unique property of using Pol I to also transcribe the variant surface glycoprotein VSG genes. (asm.org)
Evolutionary Pattern Comparisons of the SARS-CoV-2 Delta Variant in Countries/Regions with High and Low Vaccine Coverage. (cdc.gov)

The genetic signatures of the LTR region of 8 families revealed 3 families with evidence of vertical transmission, another 3 families (spouses) with sexual transmission, and one family with both transmission routes. (bvsalud.org)
Interaction annotations are curated by BioGRID and include physical or genetic interactions observed between at least two genes. (yeastgenome.org)

The presence of RA associated antibodies (ACCP or RF) and/or the SE genes are indicative for any poorer radiological end result and higher grade of activity. (exposed-skin-care.net)
The present study is usually a cross-sectional analysis aimed to evaluate the significance of the presence of SE genes, defined as em DRB1*01 /em or em DRB1*04 /em , in relation to anti-CCP antibodies, antikeratin antibody (AKA) and RF in individuals who developed RA. (exposed-skin-care.net)

It is unclear how the different methylation machineries distinguish between transposons and genes. (biomedcentral.com)
Here we report on a group of atypical genes that display in their coding region a transposon-like methylation pattern, which is associated with gene silencing in sporophytic tissues. (biomedcentral.com)
We performed a methylation-sensitive amplification polymorphism analysis to search for targets of RNA-directed DNA methylation in Arabidopsis thaliana and identified several members of a gene family encoding cysteine-rich peptides (CRPs). (biomedcentral.com)
Methylation in the coding region is reduced, however, in the synergid cells of the female gametophyte, where the CRP genes are specifically expressed. (biomedcentral.com)
We discuss this unusual methylation pattern and its alteration in synergid cells as well as the possible retrogene origin and evolutionary significance of CRP genes that are methylated like transposons. (biomedcentral.com)

The known mechanistic features of Pol II pausing and its release to productive elongation are described. (nature.com)

rDNA coding regions are also depleted of nucleosomes, relative to the rDNA spacer. (asm.org)
Coding regions of active rDNA were initially thought to be devoid of nucleosomes, as suggested by electron microscopy and psoralen cross-linking experiments ( 4 ). (asm.org)

Although it is clear that switching among BESs does not involve DNA rearrangements and that regulation is probably epigenetic, it remains unknown why BESs are transcribed by Pol I and what roles are played by chromatin structure and histone modifications. (asm.org)
Pausing provides a point of regulation that is distinct from Pol II recruitment and initiation, and this may facilitate the integration of multiple cellular signals. (nature.com)
Western blot analysis - Protein down-regulation is required in most cases for gene KD studies which can be assessed by western blot analysis. (genecopoeia.com)

Total 42 and 43 cDNA clones encoding V(beta8)-D(beta)-J(beta)-C(beta) from E18.5 embryonic thymocytes of pol-beta gene knocked-out and wild type control mouse, respectively, were sequenced. (neb.com)
Among them five and six clones from pol-beta knocked-out and wild type, respectively, have P insertions of two nucleotides. (neb.com)
To identify such genes, we have developed methodologies that allow for the selection of rare virus-sensitive clones arising after transfer of gene libraries into populations of virus-resistant parents. (biomedcentral.com)

We have devised a method for the selection of genes from cDNA libraries that suppress the block to virus infection, and so restore virus susceptibility. (biomedcentral.com)
We have been involved in the development of screens and selections for virus resistance genes, and have isolated mutant cell lines after chemical mutagenesis that are profoundly resistant to retrovirus infection. (biomedcentral.com)

Gag and Pol are made as either Gag protein or a Gag-Pol precursor. (ukessays.com)
DGCR8 recruits RNase III Drosha to form a micro-processing complex that cleaves 11 nucleotides from the pri-miRNA hairpin end to form a product called precursor miRNA (pre-miRNA) with two bases at the 3' end and a phosphate group at the 5' end. (cusabio.com)

In most organisms, Pol I exclusively transcribes rRNA genes, of which there are usually 100 to 1,000 copies arranged in tandem. (asm.org)

Pausing provides a mechanism to tune these key genes to cellular and external regulatory cues. (nature.com)

the p12 subunit is absent in Sc Pol δ. (nature.com)
Notably, an extended N-terminal region is present in SETD2 that is absent in Set2, its yeast homolog. (frontiersin.org)

In-depth biological analysis of connected genes in ANDnet and XORnet revealed genes that are related to energy metabolism, cell cycle control (AATF), immune system response, and several cancer types. (researchgate.net)

Each product potentially can be improved a countably infinite number of times, but quality improvements require the investment of resources and entail uncertain prospects of success. (repec.org)

Here we show that SETD2 accumulation results in a non-canonical deposition of the functionally important H3K36me3 histone mark, which includes its reduced enrichment over gene bodies and exons. (frontiersin.org)

The canonical pattern for miRNA target recognition involves conserved Watson-Crick paring to the 5' region of the miRNA [ 16 ]. (ijbs.com)

And then, the nuclear protein DGCR8 (DiGeorge critical region-8) recognizes and binds to the double-stranded structural region of the pri-miRNA. (cusabio.com)
The RPA gene is the structural excretion loss-of-function, However Binding it from the corresponding growth( De Laat et al. (evakoch.com)

Commercial HIV drug resistance mutation detection kits such as TruGene and ViroSeq are FDA-approved HIV-1 genotyping products, but the home-brew Sanger sequencing methods widely used in clinical labs are more cost-effective and flexible. (stratech.co.uk)
The methods for gene isolation developed here will also permit the identification of similar suppressors that modify or override other recently identified virus resistance genes. (biomedcentral.com)
The Comparison of Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing with Conventional Microbiological Tests for Identification of Pathogens and Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Infectious Diseases. (cdc.gov)

Vectors with mCherry or eGFP reporter genes for monitoring transfection or transduction efficiencies. (genecopoeia.com)

Anatomy13

Organisms15

Diseases8

Chemicals and Drugs98

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment24

Phenomena and Processes98

Disciplines and Occupations1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture3

Information Science4

Health Care3

Polymerase17

Encodes7

Polymerases3

Protein codin3

Genome13

Reverse transcriptase3

Proteins6

Genomic3

Promoter7

Sequences6

MRNA6

Retroviral3

Expression16

Endogenous1

Sequence8

Phenotypes2

Mammalian2

Transcription3

Retroviruses1

Pathways4

Subfamily1

Intracellular1

Variants2

Mutations4

Downstream3

Transcriptional1

Induce1

Contrast2

Transcripts3

Ontology2

Promoters1

Virulence1

Primers1

Genotype1

Nucleotide1

Pathway2

Variant2

Genetic2

Antibodies2

Methylation5

Mechanistic1

Nucleosomes2

Regulation3

Clones3

Infection2

Precursor2

Exclusively1

Mechanism1

Absent2

Control1

Potentially1

Histone1

Canonical1

Structural2

Resistance3

Vectors1