Regeneration of neural tissue. Medical search. Frequent questions

Neural tissue engineering aims to restore and influence the function of damaged or diseased neural tissue generally through the use of stem cells and biomaterials. (neuralregeneration.org)
Taking a unique approach to this problem, she uses electrically conducting polymers and natural-based materials (e.g., hyaluronic acid-based biomaterials, decellularized tissues) to create therapies that can electrically, chemically, biologically and mechanically trigger neurons, at both the macroscopic and nanometer-scales. (ufl.edu)
A new combination of tissue engineering techniques provides a simple and effective method for building aligned cellular biomaterials. (open.ac.uk)
The regrowth of myelinating oligodendrocytes from neural stem cells through a biomaterials approach may prove to be a beneficial strategy following the onset of demyelination. (karger.com)
In 2009, De Laporte received her PhD from Northwestern University, working on the use of biomaterials in the field of tissue engineering. (lt.org)
www.sbes.vt.edu ), have developed a process for controlling the motion of cellulose-producing Acetobacter xylinum bacteria, guiding them to produce structures that the researchers hope will one day be able to support cartilage, bone tissue, and other biomaterials. (mddionline.com)
The main goal of our group is to develop rationally tuned biomaterials with the necessary signals to promote spinal cord tissue regeneration and function recovery. (ibecbarcelona.eu)

This study demonstrates that iPSC-derived multipotent NCSCs can be directly used for tissue engineering and that the approach that combines stem cells and scaffolds has tremendous potential for regenerative medicine applications. (ca.gov)
From biosensors to wound closure, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine focus on treatments of complex, chronic diseases, and even disease detection as new and existing medical conditions are studied. (uc.edu)
The focus of the journal is on theories and practice in nanotechnology and regenerative medicine, therapies using engineered tissues, bone engineering, engineering of ligaments and tendons, innervations in engineered organs, and stem cell pluripotency and emerging technologies. (affirmpublications.com)

The Institute of Neural Regeneration and Tissue Engineering is dedicated to providing free advanced education in medicine, science, and engineering. (neuralregeneration.org)

Biomimetic conducting polymer-based tissue scaffolds ," Current Opinion in Biotechnology . (ufl.edu)
Tissue-engineered nerve conduits were fabricated by seeding NCSCs into nanofibrous tubular scaffolds, and used as a bridge for transected sciatic nerves in a rat model. (ca.gov)

With the use of induced pluripotent stem cells or induced neuronal cells, these 3D constructs could then be studied as regional models of the central nervous system or could one day be implemented as autologous grafts into damaged sites of the nervous system in order to restore neural function, particularly for damaged sites of spinal cord, areas of stroke infarction, tumor resection sites, peripheral nerve injuries, or areas of neurodegeneration. (neuralregeneration.org)
Neuronal activity is dependent upon neural membrane potential and the changes that occur along and across it. (wikipedia.org)
Sheets of this engineered neural tissue supported and directed neuronal growth in a co-culture model, and initial in vivo tests showed that a device containing rods of rolled-up sheets could support neuronal growth during rat sciatic nerve repair (5 mm gap). (open.ac.uk)
Further testing of this device for repair of a critical-sized 15 mm gap showed that, at 8 weeks, engineered neural tissue had supported robust neuronal regeneration across the gap. (open.ac.uk)
For instance, we demonstrate that neuronal constructs with 3D geometry contribute to the construction of brain-like functional tissues such as functional integration with surrounding neuronal networks via their extended axons. (ntt-review.jp)
Our goal is to understand the molecular mechanisms of neuronal development and regeneration and to use this knowledge to develop translational approaches for repairing injured central nervous system (CNS) circuits. (ibecbarcelona.eu)

In this study, we investigate the effects of neural cell integration into the bioprinted skeletal muscle construct to accelerate functional muscle regeneration in vivo. (nature.com)

The fundamentals behind neuroengineering involve the relationship of neurons, neural networks, and nervous system functions to quantifiable models to aid the development of devices that could interpret and control signals and produce purposeful responses. (wikipedia.org)
A more recent approach proposes tissue engineering the electrode interface through the use of encapsulated neurons within hydrogel coatings. (frontiersin.org)
During vertebrate development, distinct classes of neurons arise at stereotypical locations along the dorsoventral axis of the spinal neural tube. (silverchair.com)
In addition to the olfactory neurons, the epithelium is composed of supporting cells, Bowman glands and ducts unique to the olfactory epithelium, and basal cells that allow for the regeneration of the epithelium, including the olfactory sensory neurons. (medscape.com)
Jianning Wei , Ph.D., co-principal investigator, an associate professor of biomedical science in FAU's Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine , and an expert in neural damage and regeneration, will prepare the neurons in vitro , observe them grow and see how they fare and regenerate in the aftermath of injury. (fau.edu)
3) Injured CNS neurons do not fully express a "growth program" to recruit new regeneration. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
In LSL-SERCaMP × Alb-Cre mice, robust GLuc activity was observed only in the liver and blood, whereas in LSL-SERCaMP × DAT-Cre mice, GLuc activity was seen in midbrain dopaminergic neurons and tissue samples innervated by dopaminergic projections. (bvsalud.org)

The spinal cord constitutes an excellent model system for studying development and regeneration of a functional nervous system, from specification of its precursors to circuit formation. (biologists.com)
The latest advances in the field of spinal cord development and its regeneration following damage were discussed at a recent EMBO workshop 'Spinal cord development and regeneration' in Sitges, Spain (October, 2014), highlighting the use of direct visualization of cellular processes, genome-wide molecular techniques and the development of methods for directed stem cell differentiation and regeneration. (biologists.com)
The recent EMBO workshop 'Spinal cord development and regeneration' held in Sitges, a pleasant Spanish Mediterranean town, highlighted the spinal cord as a complex and accessible model system in which to analyse neural circuit formation and repair. (biologists.com)
The scientific program will feature a wide range of topics to highlight how interdisciplinary research has enabled us to push boundaries in our understanding of craniofacial research, including talks investigating the physics and mechanics of craniofacial development and regeneration. (grc.org)

These diagnoses have devastating consequences on millions of people each year, and yet there are currently no therapies or interventions that can repair the structure of neural circuits and restore neural tissue function in the brain and spinal cord. (neuralregeneration.org)
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) hold great promise for cell therapies and tissue engineering. (ca.gov)
A major focus of craniofacial research is to improve understanding of the etiology of craniofacial malformations, to develop diagnostics and therapies for these disorders, and to effectively repair craniofacial tissues. (grc.org)
Tissue bioengineering and stem/progenitor cell treatments have both been individually pursued for stroke neural repair therapies, with some benefit in tissue recovery. (researchgate.net)
Emerging directions in stroke neural repair approaches combine these two therapies to use biopolymers with stem/progenitor transplants to promote greater cell survival in the transplant and directed delivery of bioactive molecules to the transplanted cells and the adjacent injured tissue. (researchgate.net)

Guan was elected by peers and members of the College of Fellows for "leading contributions in developing elastomers, smart hydrogels and cell and drug delivery systems for cardiovascular and musculoskeletal tissue regeneration. (wustl.edu)
Aizawa, Y., N.D. Leipzig, T. Zahira, M.S. Shoichet (2008) The effect of immobilized platelet derived growth factor AA on neural stem/progenitor cell differentiation on cell-adhesive hydrogels. (karger.com)
Aurand, E.R., K.J. Lampe, K.B. Bjugstad (2012) Defining and designing polymers and hydrogels for neural tissue engineering. (karger.com)

Implanting pieces of tissue or scaffolding material into the mammalian central nervous system (CNS) is wrought with difficulties surrounding the size of tools needed to conduct such implants and the ability to maintain the orientation and integrity of the constructs during and after their transplantation. (hindawi.com)
By "laying out" (instead of forcibly expelling) the implantable material from a thin walled glass capillary, this technology has the potential to enhance neural transplantation procedures by reducing trauma to the host brain during implantation and allowing for the implantation of engineered/dissected tissues or constructs in such a way that their orientation and integrity are maintained in the host. (hindawi.com)
This interdisciplinary journal publishes papers relating the plasticity and response of the nervous system to accidental or experimental injuries and their interventions, transplantation, neurodegenerative disorders and experimental strategies to improve regeneration or functional recovery and rehabilitation. (iospress.com)

In this paper, several new 3D tissue constructs and designs are described for functional reconstruction of neural architecture. (neuralregeneration.org)
Indigenous cells rarely regenerate across the adult CNS, and neural circuitry reconstruction is made difficult by the fact that the adult CNS expresses molecules, that inhibit axonal growth, and/or fails to express precise gradients of growth-promoting cues that would stimulate/direct axonal growth [ 1 - 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
Our method can be used to potentially provide 3D biointerfaces necessary for the reconstruction and assembly of functional tissues and implantable tissue grafts. (ntt-review.jp)
This is potentially applicable to creating 3D bioelectrodes and biointerfaces for applications such as the reconstruction of functional tissues and implantable tissue grafts. (ntt-review.jp)

In vitro cellular experiments and in vivo animal experiments demonstrated that SeNPs-Met-MVs decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities, and reduced the expression of inflammatory (TNF-α, IL-1ß, and IL-6) and apoptotic (cleaved caspase-3) cytokines in spinal cord tissue after SCI. (bvsalud.org)
Spinal cord injuries occur when blunt physical force damages the vertebrae, ligaments, or disks of the spinal column, causing bruising, crushing, or tearing of spinal cord tissue, and when the spinal cord is penetrated (eg, by a gunshot or a knife wound). (msdmanuals.com)

Our current research efforts are focused on a range of topics from basic discovery of ECM molecules that inhibit axon regeneration to late-stage rodent studies leading to human translation. (ibecbarcelona.eu)

1) Cellular "bridges" that can support axonal regeneration do not form naturally at an SCI lesion site. (ibecbarcelona.eu)

Neural engineers are uniquely qualified to solve design problems at the interface of living neural tissue and non-living constructs (Hetling, 2008). (wikipedia.org)
Here, novel technology has been developed that allows for the implantation of neural constructs or intact pieces of neural tissue into the CNS with low trauma. (hindawi.com)
The cells embedded in the rolled-up architectures spontaneously form cellular 3D constructs with the intrinsic morphologies and functions of living tissues. (ntt-review.jp)
More importantly, the bioprinted constructs with neural cell integration facilitate rapid innervation and mature into organized muscle tissue that restores normal muscle weight and function in a rodent model of muscle defect injury. (nature.com)
These results suggest that the 3D bioprinted human neural-skeletal muscle constructs can be rapidly integrated with the host neural network, resulting in accelerated muscle function restoration. (nature.com)

Induced pluripotent stem cells for neural tissue engineering. (ca.gov)
Neural crest stem cells (NCSCs) are multipotent and represent a valuable system to investigate iPSC differentiation and therapeutic potential. (ca.gov)
Here we derived NCSCs from human iPSCs and embryonic stem cells (ESCs), and investigated the potential of NCSCs for neural tissue engineering. (ca.gov)
however, stem cell injection alone has been unsuccessful in many areas of neural regeneration. (karger.com)
This article reviews recent advancements in biomaterial strategies for the differentiation of neural stem cells into oligodendrocytes, and presents new data indicating appropriate properties for oligodendrocyte precursor cell growth. (karger.com)
Bible, E., D.Y. Chau, M.R. Alexander, J. Price, K.M. Shakesheff, M. Modo (2009) The support of neural stem cells transplanted into stroke-induced brain cavities by PLGA particles. (karger.com)

Self-alignment of Schwann cells within a tethered type-1 collagen matrix, followed by removal of interstitial fluid produces a stable tissue-like biomaterial that recreates the aligned cellular and extracellular matrix architecture associated with nerve grafts. (open.ac.uk)
These grafts have had their nerves and vasculature removed and, in experiments with animal models, we found that nerve and blood vessel regeneration begins to take place in four weeks. (umich.edu)

20% of the original mass invariably results in functional impairment with limited regeneration capacity, which requires reconstructive surgical procedures such as autologous muscle flap transfers 1 . (nature.com)
Mechanism of functional recovery after repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS at 10 Hz) in the subacute cerebral ischemic rat model: neural plasticity or anti-apoptosis? (earthpulse.net)

Neural input into this bioprinted skeletal muscle construct shows the improvement of myofiber formation, long-term survival, and neuromuscular junction formation in vitro. (nature.com)
These approaches have achieved bioengineered skeletal muscle tissue fabrication with cellular alignment in vitro, and some showed a degree of therapeutic potential in vivo. (nature.com)
Also, a vascularization strategy using co-culture with endothelial cells (ECs) and fibroblasts improved the survival of the bioengineered skeletal muscle tissues 20 , 21 . (nature.com)

That thinning (loss of collagen) mirrors the damage to bones and connective tissue. (antiaging.com)
Peak lifting forces increased by 21% (12.4 +/- 0.2 vs. 10.3 +/- 0.5 N, p = 0.01) - possibly an outcome of adaptive remodeling at the neural, capillary, or connective tissue level during fiber splitting. (cdc.gov)

Electrophysiological analysis showed that only NCSC-engrafted nerve conduits resulted in an accelerated regeneration of sciatic nerves at 1 month. (ca.gov)
Purpose: We evaluated the effects of the drug MS-818 (2-piperadino-6-methyl-5-oxo-5,6-dihydro-(7H) pyrrolo-[3,4-d] pyrimidine maleate), a synthesized pyrimidine compound, on regeneration in crush-injured sciatic nerves of rats. (iospress.com)

Dynamics of neural circuits underlying information processing in the cerebral cortex. (berkeley.edu)
Destruction or damage to neural circuits in the adult mammalian central nervous system (CNS) is notoriously difficult to repair. (hindawi.com)

Cells Tissues Organs (2016) 202 (1-2): 85-101. (karger.com)
Collectively, these models provide a range of experimental approaches to investigate the molecular and cellular mechanisms directing the morphogenesis of the craniofacial tissues and associated organs in health and disease. (grc.org)
The meeting will feature sessions on cell signaling, clinical genetics, sense organs, development of animal models of craniofacial disorders, state-of-the-art imaging techniques, and the use of tissue engineering approaches for regenerative repair of craniofacial tissues. (grc.org)
Abstract Mammals have a limited capacity to regenerate their tissues and organs. (bvsalud.org)

2022). Objective Evaluation of Chondrocyte Density & Cloning after Joint Injury using Convolutional Neural Networks. (cdc.gov)

Neural engineering (also known as neuroengineering) is a discipline within biomedical engineering that uses engineering techniques to understand, repair, replace, or enhance neural systems. (wikipedia.org)
The first journals specifically devoted to neural engineering, The Journal of Neural Engineering and The Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation both emerged in 2004. (wikipedia.org)

Studies have shown that puerarin reduced cerebral edema in rats with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury, removed lipid peroxidation products, enhanced antioxidant capacity, improved antioxidant activity of the brain tissue, and reduced the degree of focal cerebral ischemic injury [ 2 - 4 ]. (hindawi.com)

Biocompatible and easily manipulated, this biopolymer is suitable for tissue engineering. (mddionline.com)

The differentiation of iPSCs and the expansion of derived NCSCs varied in different cell lines, but all NCSC lines were capable of differentiating into mesodermal and ectodermal lineages, including neural cells. (ca.gov)

Methods of studying and generating chemical, electrical, magnetic, and optical signals responsible for extracellular field potentials and synaptic transmission in neural tissue aid researchers in the modulation of neural system activity (Babb et al. (wikipedia.org)
The meeting, organized by Elisa Martí (IBMB-CSIC, Barcelona, Spain), Jonas Muhr (Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden) and Kate Storey (University of Dundee, UK), brought together international researchers interested in spinal cord development and those who are developing strategies to restore the function of the spinal cord in pathological situations using regeneration of the damaged tissue, including controlled cell replacement. (biologists.com)
Invited presentations by leading researchers and clinician scientists in the field will present new findings in craniofacial morphogenesis and regeneration, with specific focus on the role that mechanics plays in shaping development. (grc.org)
The study examined the expression of Neuroglobin (Ngb) and Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (Hif-1α) in adult and young yak brain tissues, and provided researchers with meaningful insight into the anatomy, physiology, and biochemistry of this mammal. (scielo.br)
This study provides meaningful data to understand the adaptive mechanism to hypoxia and recommended researchers to expand on the adaptive mechanism and brain tissues that are not recorded. (scielo.br)

Scientific presentations will be accompanied by discussions on how these processes drive tissue diversity and shape of craniofacial structures, and how distinctive features of the vertebrate head have evolved. (grc.org)
This GRC will be held in conjunction with the "Craniofacial Morphogenesis and Tissue Regeneration" Gordon Research Seminar (GRS). (grc.org)

This is, therefore, a useful new approach for generating anisotropic engineered tissues, and it can be used with Schwann cells to fabricate artificial neural tissue for peripheral nerve repair. (open.ac.uk)
H. Ritter, Learning with the self-organizing map, in: T. Kohonen (Ed.), Artificial Neural Networks, Vol. 1, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1991. (crossref.org)

The field of neural engineering draws on the fields of computational neuroscience, experimental neuroscience, neurology, electrical engineering and signal processing of living neural tissue, and encompasses elements from robotics, cybernetics, computer engineering, neural tissue engineering, materials science, and nanotechnology. (wikipedia.org)
Neurohydrodynamics is a division of neural engineering that focuses on hydrodynamics of the neurological system. (wikipedia.org)
As neural engineering is a relatively new field, information and research relating to it is comparatively limited, although this is changing rapidly. (wikipedia.org)
International conferences on neural engineering have been held by the IEEE since 2003, from 29 April until 2 May 2009 in Antalya, Turkey 4th Conference on Neural Engineering, the 5th International IEEE EMBS Conference on Neural Engineering in April/May 2011 in Cancún, Mexico, and the 6th conference in San Diego, California in November 2013. (wikipedia.org)
bone tissue engineering and cardiovascular tissue engineering. (wustl.edu)

Differentiating between a peripheral nerve problem and an injury involving the spinal cord, brain, bone, or soft tissue is crucial. (medscape.com)

Other research concentrates more on investigation by experimentation, including the use of neural implants connected with external technology. (wikipedia.org)
Cogan, 2008 ), with cochlear implants, DBS and retinal implants all using Pt for neural interfacing. (frontiersin.org)

Messages that the body uses to influence thoughts, senses, movements, and survival are directed by nerve impulses transmitted across brain tissue and to the rest of the body. (wikipedia.org)
Neural coding studies on how the brain encodes simple commands in the form of central pattern generators (CPGs), movement vectors, the cerebellar internal model, and somatotopic maps to understand movement and sensory phenomena. (wikipedia.org)
However, such heterotopic transplants, although capable of alleviating symptoms that benefit from neurotransmitter supplementation, do not re-establish the natural homeostatic regulation of neural activity in the brain and dramatically limit the cell/circuitry replacement strategy to practically only PD. (hindawi.com)
Bakshi, A., C.A. Keck, V.S. Koshkin, D.G. LeBold, R. Siman, E.Y. Snyder, T.K. McIntosh (2005) Caspase-mediated cell death predominates following engraftment of neural progenitor cells into traumatically injured rat brain. (karger.com)
With expertise in robotics, bioengineering, behavioral science, nerve regeneration, electrophysiology, microfluidic devices, and orthopedic surgery, the research team is creating a living pathway from the robot's touch sensation to the user's brain to help amputees control the robotic hand. (fau.edu)
But the real challenge is figuring out how to send that information back to the brain using living residual neural pathways to replace those that have been damaged or destroyed by trauma. (fau.edu)
0.05) expressed in the cerebellar cortex, piriform lobe, medulla, and corpus callosum of the adult yak while in the young yak brain tissues, the protein expressions were significantly found in the white matter of the cerebellum, pineal gland, corpus callosum, and cerebellar cortex. (scielo.br)
The findings documented that Ngb and Hif-1α are commonly expressed in various adult and young yak brain tissues. (scielo.br)
Multiple roles in the brain tissues of the adult and young yaks are involved in the expression and distribution and are proposed to play a significant role in the adaptation of the yak to the high altitude environment. (scielo.br)
Given the paucity of effective clinical treatments, basic scientists are developing novel options for protection of the affected brain and regeneration of lost tissue. (researchgate.net)
Intellec tablet and syrup is a combination of potent and powerful herbs, traditionally known for their nootropic, neuronutritive, neuroprotective and brain tissue rejuvenative properties. (dgayurvedic.com)
More physicists should be encouraged to become active in research and development in the growing application fields of biophysics including molecular genetics, biomedical imaging, tissue generation and regeneration, drug development, prosthetics, neural and brain function, kinetics of nonequilibrium open biological systems, metabolic networks, biological transport processes, large-scale biochemical networks and stochastic processes in biochemical systems to name a few. (aps.org)
The pseudo-nerve, which contains longitudinal Schwann cell columns without axons and surrounded by perineurium-like tissue but no axons (Q. Zhao, L.B. Dahlin, M. Kanje, G. Lundborg, Brain Res. (lu.se)

Recent research has shown that pieces of fetal nigral tissue placed in the striatum of 6-OHDA lesioned rats offer greater cell survival and predictability of graft function (in comparison to dissociated nigral cells) in the animal model of Parkinson's disease [ 20 ]. (hindawi.com)
The results showed that the pseudo-nerve could induce nerve regeneration to a similar extend as a real nerve graft. (lu.se)

Cell biology of phagocytosis has been mainly established on bone marrow-derived tissue macrophages. (frontiersin.org)
These organic conductors provide safe electrical stimulation of tissue while avoiding undesirable chemical reactions and cell damage. (frontiersin.org)
T. Twellmann, T.W. Nattkemper, W. Schubert, H. Ritter, Cell detection in micrographs of tissue sections using support vector machines, in: Proceedings of the ICANN: workshop on Kernel & Subspace Methods for Computer Vision, Vienna, Austria, 2001, pp. 79–88. (crossref.org)
Loss of FKBP8 causes ectopic and ligand-independent activation of the Shh pathway, leading to expansion of ventral cell fates in the posterior neural tube and suppression of eye development. (silverchair.com)
Although it is expressed broadly, FKBP8 is required to antagonize SHH signaling primarily in neural tissues, suggesting that hedgehog signal transduction is subject to cell-type specific modulation during mammalian development. (silverchair.com)
Puerarin has shown protective effect on injury of neural cell. (hindawi.com)
This mouse model can be used to investigate the secretion of ER-resident proteins from specific cell and tissue types during disease pathogenesis and may aid in the identification of therapeutics and biomarkers of disease. (bvsalud.org)
By double staining of S-100 and laminin we found that the longitudinally organized Schwann cell columns in the pseudo-nerve were surrounded by basal laminae and ensheathed by a layer of vascularized perineurium-like tissue. (lu.se)

This study covers the whole production cycle, from biodegradable polymer processing to an in vivo tissue engineered construct. (researchgate.net)
In the case of the in vivo samples, the mechanical properties were restored again, stepwise, by the presence of growing/maturing tissue between weeks 3 and 12. (researchgate.net)

[ 4 ] An important quality of the peripheral nervous system, as compared to the central nervous system, is its remarkable ability to recover after an injury through remyelination and regeneration of the axon. (medscape.com)
Sonic hedgehog (SHH) is a secreted morphogen that regulates the patterning and growth of many tissues in the developing mouse embryo, including the central nervous system (CNS). (silverchair.com)
Now the sad thing is that the face is the mirror of what is happening INSIDE: those age spots are chiefly lipofuscin deposits that accumulate also in the nervous tissue (skin and nervous tissue are similar, stemming from the same embryonic layer). (antiaging.com)

4) The environment of the injured adult spinal cord inhibits regeneration due to the presence of inhibitory extracellular matrix molecules that form around the injury site and due to the presence of inhibitory proteins on adult myelin that block regeneration. (ibecbarcelona.eu)

In this review we directly extrapolate basic phagocytic mechanisms from bone marrow-derived tissue macrophages to the less-known processes of microglia, but would like to point out that these assumed similarities might not fully hold true to the yolk sac-derived microglia. (frontiersin.org)
One of the mechanisms associated with natural regeneration is dedifferentiation. (bvsalud.org)

This approach may provide a method for activating tissue at the cellular scale, however, several technological challenges must be addressed to demonstrate feasibility of this innovative idea. (frontiersin.org)

Anatomy65

Organisms26

Diseases12

Chemicals and Drugs62

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment38

Phenomena and Processes50

Disciplines and Occupations3

Technology, Industry, Agriculture6

Information Science3

Health Care1

Biomaterials7

Regenerative Medicine3

Institute of Neural Regeneration1

Scaffolds2

Neuronal6

Muscle regeneration1

Neurons7

Development and regeneration4

Therapies5

Hydrogels3

Transplantation3

Reconstruction4

Spinal cord tissue2

Axon Regeneration1

Axonal Regeneration1

Constructs5

Stem6

Grafts2

Functional2

Skeletal muscle3

Connective tissue2

Sciatic nerves2

Circuits2

Organs4

20221

NeuroEngineering2

Ischemic1

Biopolymer1

Differentiation1

Researchers5

Craniofacial2

Artificial2

Engineering5

Peripheral nerve1

Implants2

Brain13

Graft2

Cell8

Vivo2

Nervous3

Extracellular1

Mechanisms2

Cellular1