Regenerate genes induce blastema cells. Medical search. Frequent questions

In biology, regeneration is the process of renewal, restoration, and tissue growth that makes genomes, cells, organisms, and ecosystems resilient to natural fluctuations or events that cause disturbance or damage. (wikipedia.org)
At its most elementary level, regeneration is mediated by the molecular processes of gene regulation and involves the cellular processes of cell proliferation, morphogenesis and cell differentiation. (wikipedia.org)
salamanders and newts), an order of tailed amphibians, is possibly the most adept vertebrate group at regeneration, given their capability of regenerating limbs, tails, jaws, eyes and a variety of internal structures. (wikipedia.org)
In reptiles, chelonians, crocodilians and snakes are unable to regenerate lost parts, but many (not all) kinds of lizards, geckos and iguanas possess regeneration capacity in a high degree. (wikipedia.org)
Cells in the primordia of zebrafish fins, for example, express four genes from the homeobox msx family during development and regeneration. (wikipedia.org)
Dedifferentiation of cells means that they lose their tissue-specific characteristics as tissues remodel during the regeneration process. (wikipedia.org)
This should not be confused with the transdifferentiation of cells which is when they lose their tissue-specific characteristics during the regeneration process, and then re-differentiate to a different kind of cell. (wikipedia.org)
In intact leg discs ubiquitously expressed low levels of Wg also leads to blastema formation, regeneration and transdetermination. (washington.edu)
Interestingly, in Xenopus limb buds rendered regeneration deficient by heat shock induced expression of transgenic noggin, chaperone gene expression is not really maintained since it is in wild style buds. (atpasesignaling.com)
Nevertheless, 3 on the four transcription component genes used to reprogram mammalian grownup somatic cells to pluripo tency are upregulated all through blastema forma tion in regenerating newt limbs, as well as all through lens regeneration. (atpasesignaling.com)
Epimorphic regeneration is the process by which complete regeneration of a complex structure such as a limb occurs through production of a proliferating blastema. (biomedcentral.com)
Furthermore, the underlying mesenchyme remains rounded and does not expand to form a cone shaped blastema, a normal feature of successful regeneration. (biomedcentral.com)
Gene Ontology analysis showed that genes involved in embryonic development and growth are significantly over-represented in regenerating early hindlimb buds and that successful regeneration in the Xenopus hindlimb correlates with the induction of stress response pathways. (biomedcentral.com)
Comparison of gene expression in stage matched N1 vs. wild type hindlimb buds has revealed several new targets for regeneration research. (biomedcentral.com)
While all vertebrates are capable of some types of tissue regeneration, most, including humans, have lost the ability to regenerate whole structures such as limbs ( epimorphic regeneration ), [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Epimorphic regeneration can be thought of as occurring in two phases: wound healing and cell proliferation. (biomedcentral.com)
Gene over-expression analyses in Xenopus limb and tail regeneration have indicated that successful regeneration requires the re-activation of developmental FGF or BMP signalling pathways [ 8 - 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
We have developed a heat shock inducible transgenic line ( N1 ) of Xenopus in which the BMP antagonist Noggin can be induced at a specific time during either development or regeneration, repressing BMP signalling [ 10 , 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
We have used this line to show that BMP function is not only required for appendage regeneration but that it is specifically needed to generate a proliferating blastema while being dispensable for wound healing [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
In recent years, interest in the possible molecular regulators of cell proliferation and differentiation in a wide range of regeneration models has grown significantly, but the cell kinetics of this process remain largely a mystery. (mdpi.com)
This project will delve into innate immune cell function, establishing in vitro and in vivo systems test innate immune cell function in regeneration. (lu.se)
Used together, the precedent for Lgr6 and Lgr5 to tag epithelial stem cell populations, in conjunction with the showed requirement of Wnt signaling for epimorphic regeneration, makes Lgr5 CIQ and Lgr6 reasonable applicants to interrogate for appearance and function in toe nail stem cells because they relate with digit suggestion regeneration. (informationalwebs.com)
In this specific article, that Lgr5 is normally demonstrated by us is really a marker of neither the toe nail stem cells nor the toe nail epithelium, but rather marks a mesenchymal people of cells inside the proximal toe nail flip as well as the distal groove whose appearance isn't correlated with a regeneration-specific function. (informationalwebs.com)
Genetic destiny mapping during both toe nail homeostasis and digit suggestion regeneration implies that the Lgr6-marked cells are adult stem cells giving rise to the nail. (informationalwebs.com)
Moreover, during digit tip regeneration, Lgr6-marked cell descendants are found within the blastema, suggesting a possible regeneration-specific function. (informationalwebs.com)
Conversation Lgr6 Marks Nail Stem Cells and Is Required for Digit Tip Regeneration. (informationalwebs.com)
Because the nail is a constantly growing ectodermal appendage, we hypothesized that Wnt signaling was necessary to maintain the nail stem cell populace, which ultimately could induce secondary molecular signaling events facilitating digit tip regeneration. (informationalwebs.com)
In contrast, we found that Lgr6 is indeed expressed in the nail matrix, is a marker for nail stem cells, and moreover is necessary for nail regeneration. (informationalwebs.com)
This populace of cells likely represents the key to the necessity of canonical Wnt signaling in the epithelium during digit tip regeneration (10). (informationalwebs.com)
An essential nerve-derived factor must be found in the blastema, capable of rescuing regeneration in denervated limbs, and its inhibition must prevent regeneration. (harvard.edu)
Supplementation by implantation of NRG1-soaked beads rescued regeneration to digits in denervated limbs, and pharmacological inhibition of NRG1 signaling reduced cell proliferation, blocked blastema formation and induced aberrant collagen deposition in fully innervated limbs. (harvard.edu)
Taken together, our results show that nerve-dependent NRG1/ErbB2 signaling promotes blastemal proliferation in the regenerating limb and may play an essential role in blastema formation, thus providing insight into the longstanding question of why nerves are required for axolotl limb regeneration. (harvard.edu)
Her lab develops tools to manipulate gene expression during limb regeneration, and explores signaling events following wound healing that initiate the regenerative process. (harvard.edu)
This brief review considers the question of why some animals can regenerate and others cannot and elaborates the opposing views that have been expressed in the past on this topic, namely that regeneration is adaptive and has been gained or that it is a fundamental property of all organisms and has been lost. (ehu.eus)
Extrapolating this to mammals it may be the case that there is more regenerative ability in mammals than has typically been thought to exist and that inducing regeneration in humans may not be as impossible as it may seem. (ehu.eus)
The regenerative abilities of mammals is described and it turns out that there are several examples of classical epimorphic regeneration involving a blastema as exemplified by the regenerating Urodele limb that can be seen in mammals. (ehu.eus)
Even the heart can regenerate in mammals which has long been considered to be a property unique to Urodeles and fish and several recent examples of regeneration have come from recent studies of the spiny mouse, Acomys , which are discussed here. (ehu.eus)
Here, the circulating phagocytic hemocytes were chemically depleted by injecting the snails with clodronate liposomes, and the effects on the cephalic tentacle regeneration onset and on Pc-Hemocyanin, Pc-transglutaminase (Pc-TG) and Pc-Allograft Inflammatory Factor-1 (Pc-AIF-1) gene expressions were investigated. (unimore.it)
Histological studies focusing on the early cephalic tentacle regeneration in P. canaliculata, have demonstrated that wound closure and blastema formation took place within 24 h post amputation (hpa). (unimore.it)
Unidirectional regeneration in the basal chordate Ciona intestinalis involves the proliferation of adult stem cells residing in the branchial sac vasculature and the migration of progenitor cells to the site of distal injury. (biomedcentral.com)
However, after the Ciona body is bisected, regeneration occurs in the proximal but not in the distal fragments, even if the latter include a part of the branchial sac with stem cells. (biomedcentral.com)
A transcriptome was sequenced and assembled from the isolated branchial sacs of regenerating animals, and the information was used to provide insights into the absence of regeneration in distal body fragments. (biomedcentral.com)
We identified 1149 differentially expressed genes, which were separated into two major modules by weighted gene correlation network analysis, one consisting of mostly upregulated genes correlated with regeneration and the other consisting of only downregulated genes associated with metabolism and homeostatic processes. (biomedcentral.com)
siRNA-mediated gene knockdown showed that hsp70 and dnaJb4, but not bag3, are required for progenitor cell targeting and distal regeneration. (biomedcentral.com)
Heat shock treatment of distal body fragments activated hsp70 and dnaJb4 expression indicative of a stress response, induced cell proliferation in branchial sac vasculature cells, and promoted distal regeneration. (biomedcentral.com)
The chaperone system genes hsp70 , dnaJb4 , and bag3 are significantly upregulated in the branchial sac vasculature following distal injury, defining a stress response that is essential for regeneration. (biomedcentral.com)
The stress response is absent from distal fragments, but can be induced by a heat shock, which activates cell division in the branchial sac vasculature and promotes distal regeneration. (biomedcentral.com)
This study demonstrates the importance of a stress response for stem cell activation and regeneration in a basal chordate, which may have implications for understanding the limited regenerative activities in other animals, including vertebrates. (biomedcentral.com)
Neural control of growth and size in the axolotl limb regenerate [2] "Upon the completion of the developmental stages of regeneration, when the regenerative organ known as the blastema completes patterning and differentiation, the limb regenerate is proportionally small in size. (edu.au)
It then undergoes a phase of regeneration that we have called the 'tiny-limb' stage, which is defined by rapid growth until the regenerate reaches the proportionally appropriate size. (edu.au)
BMP signaling is essential for sustaining proximo-distal progression in regenerating axolotl limbs [3] "Amputation of a salamander limb triggers a regeneration process that is perfect. (edu.au)
This demonstrates that BMPs play a major role in patterning of regenerated limbs and that regeneration is a progressive process like development. (edu.au)
The contributors discuss the dramatic molecular and cellular changes that occur when a regeneration program is initiated, the progenitor cells and morphogenic signals involved, the formation of a blastema, the roles of reprogramming and polyploidy, the diversity of cell fates, the integration of new structures with existing body parts, and our current understanding of why some structures are more resistant to regeneration than others. (cshlpress.com)
The importance of technologies (e.g., single-cell RNA-seq) that have been instrumental in deciphering various aspects of regeneration in recent years is emphasized throughout. (cshlpress.com)
This volume is therefore essential reading for molecular, cell, and developmental biologists studying regeneration in animals, as well as for all interested in the development of regenerative therapies for clinical application. (cshlpress.com)

Imaginal discs of Drosophila have the remarkable ability to regenerate. (washington.edu)
Salamanders have the ability to regenerate entire limbs after amputation. (lu.se)
Much current attention is focused on the axolotl's amazing ability to regenerate tissues and whole organs after injury. (edu.au)

Many arthropods can regenerate limbs and other appendages following either injury or autotomy. (wikipedia.org)
The upregulation of chaperone genes has been reported in other studies of regenerating newt and axolotl limbs, Xenopus stage 52 hindlimbs, and zebrafish fins. (atpasesignaling.com)
reported the upregulation of two genes connected with combating cell strain in regenerating axolotl limbs at four dpa. (atpasesignaling.com)
The molecular characteri zation of blastema cell surface antigens and study of the regulation of dedifferentiation by transcription variables, microRNAs, polycomb proteins and chromatin modify ing enzymes is going to be essential for comprehending the mecha nism of dedifferentiation in regenerating amphibian limbs. (atpasesignaling.com)
The Mexican axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) is capable of fully regenerating amputated limbs, but denervation of the limb inhibits the formation of the post-injury proliferative mass called the blastema. (harvard.edu)
We find that BMP signaling is required for proper expression of various patterning genes and that its inhibition causes major defects in the regenerated limbs. (edu.au)

In both processes, rapid proliferation gives rise to new tissue, cell fate has to be specified within that tissue, and distinct positional identities have to be established to generate a properly patterned structure. (frontiersin.org)
Amputation-induced proliferation occurred predominantly within the epidermal and intestinal epithelium, as well as wound-adjacent muscle fibers, where clusters of cells at the same stage of the cell cycle were found. (mdpi.com)

Many of the genes that are involved in the original development of tissues are reinitialized during the regenerative process. (wikipedia.org)
Fragments that fail to both transdetermine and regenerate missing structures will do both when provided with exogenous Wg, demonstrating the necessity of Wg in regenerative processes. (washington.edu)
Using Affymetrix Gene Chip analysis, we have identified genes linked to regenerative success downstream of BMP signalling, including the BMP inhibitor Gremlin and the stress protein Hsp60 ( no blastema in zebrafish). (biomedcentral.com)
The freshwater planarian Dugesia japonica has a powerful regenerative capability and can regenerate a new individual including a complete central nervous system in one week. (bvsalud.org)
We have additionally developed a new regenerative assay called the neural modified-ALM (NM-ALM), which decouples the source of the nerves from the regenerating host environment. (edu.au)
therefore, new researches focused on regenerative medicine have been developed, including the use of stem cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Consequently, because of the increased rate of RF in terminal stage and few alternative treatments, new investigations focused on regenerative medicine have been developed, including the use of stem cells (SCs) [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Members of the free-living genus Planaria are widely interrogated in the realm of stem cell biology due to their remarkable regenerative abilities [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

N1 transgenic hindlimbs, which do not regenerate, do not form an apical epithelial cap or cone shaped blastema following amputation. (biomedcentral.com)
This process relies on the formation of a blastema, a pool of progenitor cells that is formed in response to amputation. (lu.se)
After amputation, granular hemocytes infiltrate the blastema of regenerating cephalic tentacles of the freshwater snail Pomacea canaliculata. (unimore.it)

In this research, we generate differentiated kidney cells (DKCs) from mouse pluripotent stem cells (mPSCs) analyzing their morphological, genetic, phenotypic, and spectroscopic characteristics along differentiation, highlighting that there are no reports of the use of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to characterize the directed differentiation of mPSCs to DKCs. (biomedcentral.com)
Moreover, FTIR spectroscopy resulted in a non-invasive, rapid and precise technic that together with principal component analysis allows to characterize chemical and structurally both kind of cells and also discriminate and determine different stages along the cell differentiation process. (biomedcentral.com)

After the limb or tail has been autotomized, cells move into action and the tissues will regenerate. (wikipedia.org)
Strategies include the rearrangement of pre-existing tissue, the use of adult somatic stem cells and the dedifferentiation and/or transdifferentiation of cells, and more than one mode can operate in different tissues of the same animal. (wikipedia.org)
873 During the developmental process, genes are activated that serve to modify the properties of cell as they differentiate into different tissues. (wikipedia.org)
Once the wound is healed, the cells of the stump must mobilise under the wound epidermis and begin the process of replacing lost tissues, by forming a proliferating blastema. (biomedcentral.com)
Although developing tissues and organisms are known to be more sensitive to toxic compounds, three independent experiments in regenerating worms showed a less pronounced effect of AgNP exposure on the microbiome, possibly because underlying bacterial community changes during development mask the AgNP induced effect. (bvsalud.org)
Inspired from developmental processes, human mesenchymal cell lines can be programmed to form cartilage, bone and bone marrow tissues in vitro and in vivo. (lu.se)
Functional experiments and genetic lineage analyses have established that Lgr5 is a stem cell marker of both the intestinal epithelium and the hair follicle (17, 18), and recent experiments have shown it to mark epithelial stem cells in additional tissues, including the belly, mammary gland, tongue, and ovary (27C30). (informationalwebs.com)
ue shares considerable protein gene expression similarities to inaccess ible central nervous system tissues and so may present important surrogate markers for neuropsychiatric ailments. (fgfrinhibitors.com)
Far more recently, a genome wide pathway meta analysis with PD tissues has specifically recognized a set of genes controlling cellu lar bioenergetics and mitochondria biogenesis that have been selleck inhibitor shared by each brain and blood. (fgfrinhibitors.com)
The formation of new cells, tissues, and organs enables animals to recover from day-to-day wear and tear, injury, and disease. (cshlpress.com)
Therefore, we propose that damage to and subsequent release of mtDNA elicits a protective signalling response that enhances nDNA repair in cells and tissues, suggesting that mtDNA is a genotoxic stress sentinel. (regenerativemedicine.net)

We know that innate immune cells are required for blastema progenitor cell formation, but are lacking an understanding of the immune cell processes and functions that are required for inducing and maintaining these progenitors cells. (lu.se)

With the recent completion of the axolotl genome assembly and established methods to manipulate gene functions, the axolotl is poised to provide new insights about paedomorphosis and the role of thyroid hormone in development and evolution. (edu.au)

Lgr6, nevertheless, marks many cell populations inside the digit suggestion, including a little people of cells inside the toe nail epithelium specific towards the matrix. (informationalwebs.com)
However, Lgr5 did not mark nail stem cells and, in fact, did not mark any cells within the nail epithelium, thus establishing the growth/maintenance of the nail apart from other epithelial stem cell pools and ectodermal appendages. (informationalwebs.com)
NRG1 was localized to the wound epithelium prior to blastema formation and was later strongly expressed in proliferating blastemal cells. (harvard.edu)

First of all, remedy of cultured insulin creating INS 1E cells with all the reversible ER stress inducer cyclopiazonic acid upregulated genes related to ER pressure when concurrently downregulating genes associated with differentiated cell functions. (atpasesignaling.com)

After fragmentation wound healing occurs, ectopic wg is induced and a blastema is formed. (washington.edu)
Advances in tissue engineering technology have led to the production of novel human skin equivalents and organoids that reproduce cell-cell interactions with tissue-scale tensional homeostasis, and enable us to evaluate skin tissue morphology, functionality, drug response and wound healing. (mdpi.com)

Dedifferentiation Dedifferentiation happens in conjunction with the libera tion of cells from their tissue matrix by protease induced histolysis. (atpasesignaling.com)
Hence it can be possible that LIN28 may perform a part from the selleckchem transcriptional regulation of nuclear reprogramming dur ing limb cell dedifferentiation. (atpasesignaling.com)

With no recognized molecular marker specific to the nail stem cells, we turned to Lgr4/5/6, which have been described as markers of other adult stem cell populations within epithelia, including the hair follicle because it has been hypothesized to be an analogous keratinized ectodermal appendage (26). (informationalwebs.com)

These findings suggest that blood and brain neuronal cells could possess a frequent regulatory mecha nism for gene expression. (fgfrinhibitors.com)

In the current study, we have taken advantage of the N1 transgenic line to directly compare morphology and gene expression in same stage regenerating vs. BMP signalling deficient non-regenerating hindlimb buds. (biomedcentral.com)
Also to your human AD brain, the improved expression levels of cell cycle relevant proteins were also found in transgenic mouse models of AD. (fgfrinhibitors.com)

Embryonic or adult SCs by definition are characterized by their self-renewal and potentiality, peculiarities that allow them to give rise to more SCs and differentiate into various cell lineages under appropriate conditions. (biomedcentral.com)
According to their potentiality, embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are classified as totipotent and pluripotent, both of them can differentiate into the three germ lines. (biomedcentral.com)

The upregulation of HSP70 chaperone genes was verified and their expression confirmed in BS vasculature cells previously identified as stem and progenitor cells. (biomedcentral.com)

Gene Ontology annotations were extended to 16,467 proteins. (biomedcentral.com)

Once wounded, their cells become activated and restore the organs back to their pre-existing state. (wikipedia.org)
Xenopus tadpoles can regenerate their tails, limb buds and the lens of the eye, although the ability of the latter two organs to regenerate diminishes with advancing developmental stage. (biomedcentral.com)

Nuclear transplantation studies and ectopic grafting experi ments have proven that blastema cells are certainly not repro grammed to pluripotency. (atpasesignaling.com)

One concentrate inside the mechanism of neuronal death in AD would be the aberrant expression of cell cycle related proteins, this kind of as cdc2, cdk4, cyclin B1, and cyclin D, which med iate cell cycle progression, in vulnerable neurons from the AD brain, these molecules perform important roles in neuronal death related with several paradigms of neuronal death. (fgfrinhibitors.com)

These were Sara1b, a Ras related gene whose item is involved in protein transport from your ER to your Golgi, and Hmox one, which increases tolerance to hypoxia and protects against apoptosis. (atpasesignaling.com)
Sec ondly, NO signaling inhibits apoptosis and induces ded ifferentiation of chondrocytes in vitro by means of p38 kinase and calveolin 1. (atpasesignaling.com)
In a microarray gene profiling research with blood PD tissue, it was demonstrated a panel of genes linked with PD danger, several of them concerned in patho biologically related sickness processes from the ubiquitin proteasome pathway system, mitochondrial function, and apoptosis. (fgfrinhibitors.com)

In addition, mtDNA stress in TFAM-deficient mouse melanoma cells produces tumours that are more resistant to doxorubicin in vivo. (regenerativemedicine.net)

Neural cells, for example, express growth-associated proteins, such as GAP-43, tubulin, actin, an array of novel neuropeptides, and cytokines that induce a cellular physiological response to regenerate from the damage. (wikipedia.org)

mitotically active cells of intact segments do not significantly contribute to the blastemal cellular sources. (mdpi.com)

Thirdly, the upregulation of two isomerases and sev eral chaperones on all or two of three dpa suggests that the regenerating limb mounts an UPR. (atpasesignaling.com)

These observations have led to a dogma that Lgr5 is a Wnt target gene, particularly in epithelial stem cell populations (23). (informationalwebs.com)

Usually, it involves dropping a section of their tail and regenerating it as part of a defense mechanism. (wikipedia.org)

Whole-genome studies have provided a useful insight into how gene patterns may influence the development and/or progression of certain pathological pathways, including fibrosis [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Pattern formation in the morphogenesis of an animal is regulated by genetic induction factors that put cells to work after damage has occurred. (wikipedia.org)
Conclusions In this work we have shown that the expression of gluQ rs, a gene codifying an enzyme involved in the formation of GluQ present on the tRNAAsp, is under the control of http://www.selleckchem.com/products/mek162.html the dksA promoter. (gp120-inhibitors.com)

In some, but not all fragments, the blastema will replace missing structures and a few cells can become more plastic and transdetermine to structures of other discs. (washington.edu)
Thousands of copies of the circular mtDNA are present in most cell types that are packaged by TFAM into higher-order structures called nucleoids1. (regenerativemedicine.net)

The knockdown of the yolk ferritin genes caused a decrease in the volume of egg capsules, abnormality in juveniles, and increase in Al content in vitellaria. (bvsalud.org)

Using the NM-ALM we discovered that non-neural extrinsic factors from differently sized host animals do not play a prominent role in determining the size of the regenerating limb. (edu.au)

Benefits Identification of the PD selleck chemical threat gene signature A 5 gene panel was discovered that optimally discriminates early PD from controls based on stepwise multivariate logistic regression examination of seven genes that had been uncovered substantially altered in sporadic PD SN tissue. (fgfrinhibitors.com)

In the case of schistosomes, it is necessary to maintain active populations of freshwater snails as intermediate hosts, manage periodic shedding of the infective cercariae, induce transformation to schistosomula or allow for penetrance into a definitive host (usually mice). (biomedcentral.com)

In addition, a non-regenerating species has been induced to regenerate by altering only one signaling pathway. (ehu.eus)

In most of these cases, Lgr5 expression is usually driven by canonical Wnt signaling, placing Lgr5 in a feed-forward loop to maintain high Wnt signaling within Lgr5-expressing stem cells. (informationalwebs.com)
We showed previously that cytoplasmic release of mtDNA activates the cGAS STING TBK1 pathway resulting in interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) expression that promotes antiviral immunity4. (regenerativemedicine.net)
Here, we find that persistent mtDNA stress is not associated with basally activated NF-κB signalling or interferon gene expression typical of an acute antiviral response. (regenerativemedicine.net)

On top of that to cell cycle progres sion molecules, quite a few cell cycle inhibitors, such as p16 and p27, and tumor suppressor proteins such as p53 and BRCA1 are also increased in levels during the AD brain. (fgfrinhibitors.com)
Although it selleckchem is unclear why cell cycle connected proteins show enhanced in ranges within the AD brain and AD mouse models, 1 chance is that DNA harm induced by Ab may possibly improve the levels of or activate these molecules. (fgfrinhibitors.com)

This is a tool to help students find the right project for their Bachelor's and Master's thesis at Lund Stem Cell Center. (lu.se)

Using targeted amplification of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene V3-V4 region, two independent experiments on the microbiomes of adult worms revealed a consistent decrease in Betaproteobacteriales after AgNP exposure, mainly attributed to a decrease in Curvibacter and Undibacterium. (bvsalud.org)

Anatomy18

Organisms14

Diseases4

Chemicals and Drugs12

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment4

Phenomena and Processes13

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science2

Regeneration55

Ability to regenerate3

Limbs6

Proliferation2

Regenerative8

Amputation3

Differentiation2

Tissues11

Progenitor cell1

Axolotl1

Epithelium3

Downregulating genes associated1

Wound2

Dedifferentiation2

Molecular1

Mecha nism1

Transgenic2

Embryonic2

Chaperone genes1

Ontology1

Organs2

Ectopic1

Aberrant1

Apoptosis3

Deficient1

Cytokines1

Blastemal1

Upregulation1

Epithelial1

Tail1

Progression1

Formation2

Structures2

Knockdown1

Neural1

Tissue1

Populations1

Signaling pathway1

Expression3

Proteins2

Stem cell1

Experiments1