Refractive error and axial. Medical search. Frequent questions

Refractive error was measured annually by cycloplegic autorefraction and axial length by A-Scan ultrasonography. (nih.gov)
Cycloplegic spherical equivalent refractive errors are the best predictors for myopia onset. (reviewofoptometry.com)
The differences after 12 months projected out to 0.42D (131%) less for cycloplegic refractive error progression and 0.21 mm (96%) less axial elongation for the Kubota Glass technology versus age- and ethnicity-matched virtual control patients. (digitalproducer.com)

During 2001-2018, myopia and astigmatism were the most common refractive errors at 1.4 million and 1.2 million incident diagnoses, respectively, among active component service members of all occupational groups. (health.mil)
The Association Between Residual Astigmatism and Refractive Errors in a Population-Based Study. (ac.ir)
In this situation, early diagnosis of visual problems is essential for patients to progress in the neurological and motor fields, and there are complications such as refractive errors (myopia, astigmatism and hyperopia), strabismus and hypoactomy. (bvsalud.org)

Myopia for each child was defined as the mean spherical equivalent refractive error (SER) of the 2 eyes. (nih.gov)
The spherical equivalent refractive error of the myopic eye was between -5.0D and -12.0D. Fourteen subjects were successfully fitted with the RCL, and nine subjects (control group) used a spectacle lens. (constantcontact.com)

Thanks to the introductions of laser cataract surgery, advanced-technology IOLs, and options for surgical astigmatic correction, modern cataract surgery has evolved from a visual restorative surgery to refractive surgery. (crstodayeurope.com)
The accuracy, repeatability, and consistency of modern cataract surgery have transformed patient expectations and increased patients' awareness of postoperative refractive side effects. (crstodayeurope.com)
As presbyopia-correcting IOLs are implanted with more frequency and the number of cataract surgeries performed annually grows, residual refractive error is becoming more common. (crstodayeurope.com)
Refractive cataract surgeons should approach refractive cataract patients in a systematic way, both before and after surgery. (crstodayeurope.com)
As axial length increases, the risk for myopic macular degeneration, glaucoma, retinal detachment and cataract increase. (reviewofoptometry.com)
Roger Steinert con-cluded the spotlight symposium by delivering the 12th annual AAO Charles Kelman Lecture, "Cataract/Refractive Surgery: The Next Big Thing? (aao.org)
See related CME at Highlights of the American Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery Symposium . (medscape.com)

This review presents data on the efficacy, benefits, and risks of the use of ortho-k to slow axial elongation in myopic children. (constantcontact.com)

Children undergoing ortho-k have shown significant slowing of axial elongation and myopia progression. (constantcontact.com)
MiSight ® 1 day is a daily disposable soft contact lens that substantially slows myopia progression and eye elongation as measured by refractive error and axial length at the three-year mark 3* . (coopervision.co.uk)
Axial length change is related to refraction and ethnicity, and can be used to gauge myopia progression. (myopiaprofile.com)
Colleagues raised questions about this in the Myopia Profile Facebook group ( link ) - here we discuss how axial length change is related to refraction and ethnicity, and how to determine whether an axial length change is normal due to emmetropization or indicating myopia progression. (myopiaprofile.com)
There were also discussions about how to determine the normal, expected amount of axial length change in children due to emmetropization, and separating this normal growth from myopia progression growth. (myopiaprofile.com)
When starting myopia control, clinicians should consider the age of onset, current refractive errors, previous myopia control treatments, rate of progression, ethnicity, lifestyle and family history of myopia. (reviewofoptometry.com)
Clinically, most practitioners are only able to measure success by monitoring progression of refractive error. (reviewofoptometry.com)
The results demonstrated children between the ages of 10 and 17 using the study device for approximately 1.5-hour sessions five days per week experienced significantly less myopic refractive error progression and axial elongation in treated eyes compared with published age- and ethnicity-matched virtual control patients. (digitalproducer.com)

Optimal visual performance in the setting of refractive error usually requires correction, either through eyeglasses, contact lenses, or refractive surgery. (health.mil)
WATERLOO, Ontario, March 29, 2021 -A newly-published paper represents one of the most comprehensive reviews of advancements to come in contact lenses, catapulting the commonly-used medical device to applications well beyond refractive error correction. (uwaterloo.ca)

To find out the correlation between myopic refractive error, corneal power and central corneal thickness (CCT) in the adult Egyptian population. (dovepress.com)
3 , 14-16 The purpose of this work is to find out if there is any correlation between corneal parameters (namely, central corneal thickness and corneal power) and the refractive error in the myopic adult Egyptian population. (dovepress.com)
Region-specific Relationships Between Refractive Error and Ciliary Muscle Thickness in Children (2013). (osu.edu)
Among the myopic individuals with axial length ≥24mm, thinner choroidal thickness was significantly associated with prevalent myopic maculopathy. (reviewofoptometry.com)
Most notably, individuals with lower choroidal thickness were at higher likelihood of myopic maculopathy even if they had relatively mild to moderate myopia with axial length of 24mm to 26.5mm. (reviewofoptometry.com)
Their risk of prevalent myopic maculopathy was further increased if they had both lower choroidal thickness and longer axial length of ≥26.5mm. (reviewofoptometry.com)
Aim and Objectives: This study was undertaken to investigate the associations of optical coherence tomography measurements of macular volume and macular thickness with refractive error and axial length in Indian children. (njppp.com)
The correlation of macular thickness and macular volume was analyzed with spherical equivalent (SE) and axial length. (njppp.com)
Macular thickness had negative correlation with SE and positive with axial length, correlation coefficients being observed as (r = −0.886 and 0.880, P ≤ 0.001). (njppp.com)
Conclusion: Increasing axial myopia was associated with increased macular volume and thickness. (njppp.com)
It establishes the importance of the fact that refractive error should be considered in the interpretation of macular thickness. (njppp.com)
however, an examination under anesthesia in an operating room is necessary to obtain measurements of corneal thickness, axial length of the eyeball, and refractive error. (msdmanuals.com)

In a study by Michael Lipson et al, these interventions were evaluated to assess efficacy in slowing axial elongation, correction of vision, and the related quality of vision, risk of adverse events, overall safety, but also the overall impact on vision-related quality of life (VR-QoL). (constantcontact.com)

Various interventions have been shown to slow axial elongation in children. (constantcontact.com)
In another paper, by the same lead author, in Eye & Contact Lens - the role of ortho-k specifically to slow axial elongation and progressing degree of myopia is explored. (constantcontact.com)
With precise fitting, careful follow-up, and patient compliance with recommended lens cleaning and disinfection, ortho-k may be considered a safe and effective method to slow axial elongation in children, according to the author - but these terms may be as important as the end result itself. (constantcontact.com)
The MiSight lens has two treatment zones, creating a peripheral myopic defocus that causes the image to focus in front of the retina and slow axial elongation. (reviewofoptometry.com)

52% as measured by mean axial elongation of the eye when compared to the children in the control group wearing a standard single-vision, one-day lens contact lens 3* . (coopervision.co.uk)

A retrospective study enrolled adults aged between 20 and 45 years being invited to complete a questionnaire about age, sex, current refractive error, high myopia in parents, age at first spectacle use, refractive power of the first spectacles, and life habits at different educational stages. (researchsquare.com)

Myopia typically results from a longer axial length of the eye, causing images to be defocused in front of the retina and faraway objects to appear blurry. (health.mil)
When the position of a projected image continuously locates in the front of the retina, the axial length tends to become shorter and vice versa. (hoyavision.com)

I find it easiest to explain the meaning of axial length changes in myopia control when there is either no change or slight reductions… When there are increases, then I do wonder whether all axial growth in a progressing myope is myopic growth or whether it is legitimate or appropriate to apply a normal emmetropic growth factor. (myopiaprofile.com)
The ultimate goal of myopia control is halting axial elongation with a secondary effect of slowing refractive error. (reviewofoptometry.com)
Myopia control lenses are slowing axial growth in children, responding to one of the most pressing issues in eye health today. (uwaterloo.ca)

Ocular axial length (AL) is the major determinant of refraction and thus of myopia and hyperopia. (cardiff.ac.uk)
An elongated ocular axial length (AL), or distance from the anterior corneal surface to the retinal pigment epithelium, is a determinant of the development of myopia. (wikipedia.org)

Therefore, our findings suggest that choroidal thinning and longer axial length may contribute to the etiology of myopic maculopathy through the choroidal vascular changes and ocular stretching stress," the investigators concluded in their study. (reviewofoptometry.com)

Myopia, also known as shortsightedness or nearsightedness, is a condition caused by a refractive error in which the shape of the eye is either elongated or the cornea is too curved. (wikipedia.org)
Among the myopic adult Egyptian population, the greater the myopic error measured, the steeper the cornea, with a weak positive correlation between refractive error and corneal power. (dovepress.com)
An emmetropes' cornea flattens while axial length increases, maintaining a balance in emmetropia. (myopiaprofile.com)
The argon fluoride 193-nm excimer laser corrects refractive errors by sub-micron-precision tissue removal from the cornea. (medscape.com)

What amount of change in axial length would have to occur to be classed as enough for a change in strategy (need to add or change concentration of atropine, change ortho-k configuration, etc. (myopiaprofile.com)
Given that with atropine there may be little predicted change in refraction, but could easily be change in axial length beyond the normal age related increase, would you be thinking more towards 12 months or more 6 months for those scans? (myopiaprofile.com)
I'm not sure that atropine will halt refractive change, it is still slowing only. (myopiaprofile.com)

As myopia has been identified as the most prevalent refractive error all over the world, 10 , 11 the correlation between myopia and axial length of the eye was extensively discussed, revealing a positive correlation between the absolute value of myopia and axial length. (dovepress.com)
The correlation between refractive error and corneal parameters has been previously studied in different regions and populations. (dovepress.com)
To determine three-year change of the corneal biomechanical parameter stress-strain index (SSI) in schoolchildren aged 7- 9 years and their correlation with refractive error and axial length (AL). (ebsco.com)

The uncorrected mean refractive error was +1.3 dioptres (D) with a standard deviation (SD)± 2.3 D.The mean corneal power was 44.1 D (SD±1.5D) and mean axial length less than 19 mm. (utlib.ee)

A wide spectrum of refractive surgeries has been applied over the years in the relentless pursuit of hyperopia correction. (medscape.com)

Total macular volume correlated negatively with SE, (r= −0.771, P ≤0.001) and positively with axial length (r = 0.764, P ≤0.001). (njppp.com)

The World Health Organization estimates that 153 million people worldwide live with visual impairment due to uncorrected refractive errors. (health.mil)

In this double-blind randomized controlled clinical, 79 children have been wearing DIMS lens while 81 children have been wearing ordinary single vision lenses, the changes in refractive error and axial length over 2 years have been recorded. (hoyavision.com)
in which he presented 3 exciting new refractive technologies that he is working on-the Raindrop inlay, the LensGen accommodating IOL, and refractive index shaping of lenses in vivo. (aao.org)
The distance power of the spectacle lenses will be power-matched to the participants myopic refractive error. (who.int)

Five hundred microns has been accepted as a cut-off value for safe refractive surgery. (dovepress.com)
Future analyses should focus on the specific effects of military refractive surgery programs on the readiness of service members. (health.mil)
This article updates previous reports and focuses on the types of refractive error amenable to refractive surgery interventions. (health.mil)
The data presented here allow for ongoing monitoring of refractive error to direct interventions such as refractive surgery. (health.mil)
Previous corneal refractive surgery. (who.int)

Some identified variants showed precise scaling in corneal curvature and eye elongation (i.e. axial length) to maintain eyes in emmetropia (i.e. (ox.ac.uk)

Axial length measurement in myopia management - how often and how much change is normal? (myopiaprofile.com)

Today, high patient expectations require ophthalmologists to accurately correct spherical and astigmatic errors as well as presbyopia, and new lens technologies offer us the possibility to do so. (crstodayeurope.com)
Today, identifiable causes of dissatisfaction following presbyopia-correcting IOL implantation are most commonly due to residual refractive error and dry eye disease (DED). (crstodayeurope.com)
The present invention relates to systems and methods for treating the structure of the natural human crystalline lens with a laser to address a variety of medical conditions, such as presbyopia and refractive error. (justia.com)

Hyperopia is usually due to a shorter axial length of the eye, causing an image to be defocused at a point behind the retina and resulting in distant objects being seen more clearly than objects that are near. (health.mil)

My view is that you should be performing them at the appropriate interval that you predict that there should be a clinically significant refractive shift. (myopiaprofile.com)

Genome-wide association meta-analysis of corneal curvature identifies novel loci and shared genetic influences across axial length and refractive error. (ox.ac.uk)

Their average refractive error was -4.03 diopters, and high myopia was noted in 27.5% of the study population. (researchsquare.com)

Refractive error was assessed by noncycloplegic autorefraction at ages 11 and 15 years (minimum N = 4737). (bris.ac.uk)

Thinner corneas are at risk for ectasia, haze and less predictable refractive outcomes. (dovepress.com)

However, in some jurisdictions, the boundary between optometry and ophthalmology is blurred because both can diagnose and manage errors of refraction, dry eye, binocular vision anomalies, anterior segment diseases, posterior segment diseases, and other problems. (issuu.com)

Axial elongation has the greatest occurrence the year before the onset of myopia, and once myopia is present, axial length growth continues for an average of five years. (reviewofoptometry.com)
We investigated whether height and weight growth trajectories from birth to age 10 years were related to refractive error at ages 11 and 15 years, and eye size at age 15 years. (bris.ac.uk)
Growth trajectories and an allelic score for 180 genetic variants associated with adult height were tested for association with refractive error and eye size. (bris.ac.uk)

Purpose : This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the refractive error in Hong Kong preschool children and its association with near work (including digital device usage) among these children. (edu.hk)
Conclusions : Longer time spent on near work, including doing homework, reading books and drawing, and on digital devices including mobile phone and handheld electronic devices were associated with more myopic refractive power in Hong Kong preschool children. (edu.hk)
abstract = "Purpose : This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the refractive error in Hong Kong preschool children and its association with near work (including digital device usage) among these children.Methods : A total of 336 preschool children aged between 3 and 7 years from 6 local kindergartens were examined. (edu.hk)

Myopic strabismus fixus, also known as acquired progressive esotropia associated with severe myopia (APEASM), or heavy eye syndrome, is an adult onset esotropia associated with high axial myopia, typically described as progressive esotropia and hypotropia associated with restricted elevation and abduction of variable degree and severity. (hindawi.com)
We measured refractive status, corneal power and axial length in a sample of 30 adult Göttingen minipigs including both sexes. (utlib.ee)

Enthoven CA., Polling J., Consortium for Refractive Error and Myopia (CREAM) None. (ox.ac.uk)

Refractive error and axial ocular dimensions were the main outcome measures. (annals.edu.sg)
Refractive error, expressed as spherical equivalent power (SE), and axial length (AL) were the main outcome measures. (edu.hk)

1 Refractive errors occur when the focusing power of the eye does not allow for a sharp image on the retina, resulting in a blurred image and loss of detail. (health.mil)
In spite of the smaller axial length, measures of refractive error and corneal power in the Göttingen minipig are comparable to human values. (utlib.ee)

They found out that the axial length of the eye ball is affected by the position of a projected image on the retina. (hoyavision.com)

The participants received their first spectacles at a mean age of 13.35 years, with a mean refractive error of -1.63 diopters. (researchsquare.com)

Pigs are frequently used as models of human ocular diseases due to the similar anatomy and physiology of the ocular structures of the pig as compared to humans, but refractive error has not been investigated systematically in the Göttingen minipig. (utlib.ee)

Axial length (AXL) and radius of corneal curvature were measured with an IOLMaster (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Welwyn Garden City, U.K.) at age 15 years (minimum N = 2676). (bris.ac.uk)

In particular, the SLITRK6 protein influences the length of the eyeball (axial length), which affects whether a person will be nearsighted or farsighted, or will have normal vision. (medlineplus.gov)

Axial length in isolation also doesn't account for crystalline lens and keratometric changes with maturation. (myopiaprofile.com)

Laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK), since its introduction by Pallikaris and his team in 1990, 1 has become the most frequently performed corneal refractive procedure all over the world, with millions of LASIK procedures completed to date. (dovepress.com)

Anatomy12

Diseases26

Chemicals and Drugs3

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment34

Psychiatry and Psychology7

Phenomena and Processes9

Disciplines and Occupations4

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena2

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science1

Named Groups2

Health Care11

Geographicals6

Cycloplegic3

Astigmatism3

Spherical equivalent refractive error2

Cataract7

Myopic children1

Progression8

Contact lenses2

Thickness12

Slowing axial elongation1

Slow axial elongation4

Elongation of the eye1

Current refractive1

Front of the retina2

Myopia control3

Ocular axial length2

Longer axial length1

Cornea4

Atropine3

Correlation3

Mean axial1

Correction1

0.0011

Visual impairment1

Lenses3

Surgery5

Emmetropia1

Measurement1

Presbyopia3

Hyperopia1

Clinically1

Loci1

High myopia1

Autorefraction1

Thinner1

Refraction1

Growth3

Children3

Adult2

Consortium1

Main outcome2

Power2

Length of the eye1

Spectacles1

Humans1

Radius1

Influences1

Lens1

Procedure1