• Multidrug-resistant strains began to prevail in disease-endemic areas, and former first-line antimicrobial drugs, such as chloramphenicol, were sometimes ineffective ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
  • NA-resistant strains of S . Typhi have 1 point mutation at the target site of quinolones, DNA gyrase, in the quinolone resistance-determining region of gyrA , either at codon 83 or codon 87 ( 2 , 3 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Several epidemics of typhoid and paratyphoid fever caused by NA-resistant strains with clinical failure of quinolone treatment have been reported ( 4 , 5 ). (cdc.gov)
  • It is a disease caused by strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis that are resistant to at least isoniazid and rifampicin, the 2 most powerful first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs (1-3). (who.int)
  • The current study aimed to use Coagulase gene polymorphism to identify methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) subtypes isolated from nasal carriers in Minia governorate, Egypt, evaluate the efficiency of these methods in discriminating variable strains, and compare these subtypes with antibiotypes. (hindawi.com)
  • Furthermore, several M. tuberculosis BDQ resistant mutants were isolated by both MDR strains, harboring mutations in both atpE and Rv0678 genes. (frontiersin.org)
  • In the case of drug resistance, it is also important to consider the possibility that the apparent burden of MDR/RR-TB among previously treated individuals (who are predominantly adults) may reflect either primary transmission of resistant strains or the emergence of acquired resistance during inadequate treatment. (ersjournals.com)
  • We offer a wide range of medical products, platforms and offerings that can be used to prevent the spread of infection in healthcare facilities, such as diagnostic systems to screen, test and diagnose infection, including drug-resistant strains, as well as state-of-the-art surveillance and reporting capabilities to monitor, track and predict AMR outbreaks. (bd.com)
  • Multidrug-resistant (MDR) and hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae , particularly carbapenem-resistant strains (CR- Kp ) causing high mortality and morbidity, are critical concerns[ 1 ]. (biorxiv.org)
  • Demonstrates activity in vivo against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains and in vitro against vancomycin-resistant and linezolid-resistant S aureus. (medscape.com)
  • These resistant bacteria are called vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE). (medlineplus.gov)
  • An open cholecystectomy was performed for treatment of the polyp, the stones, and the highly quinolone-resistant bacteria. (cdc.gov)
  • A. baumannii is developing into multidrug resistant (MDR), extensively drug resistant (XDR), and pandrug resistant (PDR) bacteria, and its adaptation to the environment with drug resistance has previously been reported ( Durante-Mangoni and Zarrilli, 2011 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • It will aim to develop a rapid point-of-care diagnostic test for antibiotic-resistant Strep A and Staph aureus bacteria, which would fast track accurate treatment. (edu.au)
  • The antibiogram study revealed that Gram-negative bacteria were highly resistant to penicillin while Staphylococcus was resistant to streptomycin, amoxicillin, and lincomycin. (scielo.br)
  • Some types of resistant starch (RS1, RS2 and RS3) are fermented by the large intestinal microbiota, conferring benefits to human health through the production of short-chain fatty acids, increased bacterial mass, and promotion of butyrate-producing bacteria. (wikipedia.org)
  • Resistant starch does not release glucose within the small intestine, but rather reaches the large intestine where it is consumed or fermented by colonic bacteria (gut microbiota). (wikipedia.org)
  • Common infections are know killing hundreds of thousands of people every year because bacteria have become resistant to treatment. (bd.com)
  • Whenever there is a high number of bacteria, a small number of them are resistant to antibiotics. (bd.com)
  • The resistant bacteria can now grow and multiply without competition. (bd.com)
  • As unreasonable antibiotics usage remains crucial in the proceeding of resistant bacteria selection, our study could greatly promote the avoidance of unnecessary antibiotic usage. (biomedcentral.com)
  • With the widespread use of FQs, FQs-resistant (FQR) gram-negative bacteria are gradually increasing, limiting the selection for treating infections. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase produc- ing Enterobacteriaceae was found in 37.5% (54) isolates and carbapenem resistant bacteria were identified in 27.8% of patients. (who.int)
  • Age 65 years, presence of septic shock, and presence of carbapenem-resistant bacteria were independently associated with in- creased in-hospital mortality. (who.int)
  • Conclusion High number of resistant microorganisms was isolated, and increased mortality was documented from infections caused by carbapenem-resistant bacteria. (who.int)
  • Concentrations of antibiotics predicted to select for resistant bacteria: Proposed limits for environmental regulation. (janusinfo.se)
  • Sixty-seven of the 110 isolates (60.9%) were resistant to carbapenems, 80.60% (54/67) of which carried the bla OXA-23 gene. (frontiersin.org)
  • To this aim, in this work an in vitro generation of M. tuberculosis mutants resistant to BDQ was performed starting from two MDR clinical isolates as parental cultures. (frontiersin.org)
  • Isolates were found less resistant to gentamycin, chloramphenicol, and ciprofloxacin. (scielo.br)
  • 11 ] showed that it makes no sense to use a drug to which the patient's isolate is resistant because failure/relapse or death were consistently higher in patients whose isolates had resistance to one or more of the drugs. (ersjournals.com)
  • In this report, "resistant" refers to isolates with non-wild-type results. (medscape.com)
  • Eighteen outbreak isolates (10 human and eight puppy) representing all three clades were selected for antibiotic susceptibility testing, and all were resistant to azithromycin, ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, erythromycin, nalidixic acid, telithromycin, and tetracycline. (medscape.com)
  • In addition, 16 of 18 isolates were resistant to gentamicin, and four of 18 were resistant to florfenicol. (medscape.com)
  • In this work, we studied the antimicrobial resistance and performed a comparative genomics analysis of ten CR- Kp isolates from the Chilean surveillance of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae . (biorxiv.org)
  • Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR) is an emerging problem in the world. (who.int)
  • Despite inhibition of serum androgens, many patients develop castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and the tumor continues to grow, requiring multidrug therapy. (snmjournals.org)
  • As antimicrobial resistance continues to rise globally, multidrug-resistant (MDR) organisms have posed a significant challenge for clinicians, owing to the dearth of effective therapeutic options to combat them. (uspharmacist.com)
  • Previous analyses suggest that children with tuberculosis (TB) are no more or no less likely to have multidrug (MDR)- or rifampicin-resistant (RR)-TB than adults. (ersjournals.com)
  • The present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of five essential oils (EOs) against multidrug-resistant foodborne pathogens. (scielo.br)
  • This study aimed to describe the clinical, microbiological, molecular epidemiology and treatment of multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDRTB) cases in the UK and to determine factors associated with survival. (bmj.com)
  • With three new and three recently repurposed drugs, treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is more hopeful today than at any time since it emerged in the 1980s and 1990s [ 1 - 3 ]. (ersjournals.com)
  • symptoms and radiographic findings do not differentiate multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) from fully susceptible TB. (medscape.com)
  • Multidrug and carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae (CR- Kp ) are considered critical threats to global health and key traffickers of resistance genes to other pathogens. (biorxiv.org)
  • Children usually acquire primary drug-resistant tuberculosis from adults with MDR tuberculosis. (who.int)
  • Thus, CC92 A. baumannii carrying OXA-23 is a major drug-resistant strain spreading in China. (frontiersin.org)
  • Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the major causes of death related to antimicrobial resistance worldwide because of the spread of Mycobacterium tuberculosis multi- and extensively drug resistant (multi-drug resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR), respectively) clinical isolates. (frontiersin.org)
  • Globally, in 2018 about half a million TB infections were rifampicin-resistant, of which 78% were multi-drug resistant (MDR)-TB ( World Health Organization [WHO], 2019a ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Among these cases, 6.2% were estimated to have extensively drug-resistant (XDR)-TB ( World Health Organization [WHO], 2019a ). (frontiersin.org)
  • The most difficult clinical cases are caused by multiple drug resistant tuberculosis (MDRTB) defined as resistance to at least isoniazid and rifampicin. (bmj.com)
  • In addition, the prevalence of drug-resistant TB is increasing worldwide. (medscape.com)
  • We engage in advocacy with governments, funders and health agencies to advance innovations to address the world's leading public health needs, including drug-resistant infections. (bd.com)
  • BD is leveraging its extensive global capabilities to meaningfully engage around 5 key strategies to reduce the burden of drug-resistant infections. (bd.com)
  • Methods: We assessed the likelihood of importation of drug-resistant malaria into Singapore and the impact on public health of its subsequent secondary spread in Singapore. (who.int)
  • With the presence of Anopheles vectors in Singapore, imported cases of drug-resistant malaria could cause secondary transmission. (who.int)
  • Discussion: This risk assessment highlights the need for a continued high degree of vigilance of ART-R malaria locally and globally to minimize the risk and public health impact of drug-resistant malaria in Singapore. (who.int)
  • Resistance to rifampicin both in primary and secondary resistances was high, showing that children in the Islamic Republic of Iran face the threat of drug-resistant tuberculosis transmission. (who.int)
  • Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) remains an important nosocomial pathogen, although the organism has increasingly been recognized as a significant cause of community-acquired infection around the world. (canada.ca)
  • [ 1 ] Local antibiograms should be consulted in addition to the following guidelines below for methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA), methicillin-resistant S aureus (MRSA), streptococcal species, Haemophilus influenzae , and anaerobes. (medscape.com)
  • Community-acquired antimicrobial resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CA-ARE) are an increasingly important issue around the world. (mdpi.com)
  • Over the past decade, healthcare providers have reported increasing cases of severe and antimicrobial-resistant ringworm. (cdc.gov)
  • In this case, antimicrobial-resistant ringworm infections are not killed and continue to grow when treated with antifungal drugs, making them difficult to treat. (cdc.gov)
  • The true number of antimicrobial-resistant ringworm cases is difficult to estimate because antifungal susceptibility testing, testing to determine if a case of ringworm can be treated by antifungal drugs, is not widely available and reporting of antimicrobial-resistant ringworm cases is not required in the United States. (cdc.gov)
  • In the Indian subcontinent, cases of antimicrobial-resistant ringworm caused by T. indotineae have become widespread. (cdc.gov)
  • What factors might be contributing to the emergence and spread of antimicrobial-resistant ringworm? (cdc.gov)
  • According to China antimicrobial resistance surveillance system in the first half of 2018, the ciprofloxacin-resistant rate was 57.8% for Escherichia coli , 35.4% for Klebsiella spp. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Additionally, the positive culture rates of S.aureus in different samples and the antibiotic-resistant profile were investigated. (springer.com)
  • Although some species are inherently resistant to vancomycin, they are far less common than species that acquire resistance through transfer of genetic material. (uspharmacist.com)
  • With this challenge in mind, a latest-generation, fouling-resistant RO membrane was developed to provide relief from biological fouling without compromising the organic fouling resistance advances already made. (watertechonline.com)
  • There is limited evidence that resistant starch can improve fasting glucose, fasting insulin, insulin resistance and sensitivity, especially in individuals who are diabetic, overweight or obese. (wikipedia.org)
  • There are several ways to define 'most resistant' insect, including frequency of resistant genes in a population or geographic range of resistant populations ( Forgash 1984 , Georghiou 1986 ), and even seriousness of control failure, given the enormous economic and social costs of multiple resistance. (ufl.edu)
  • In this paper, 'most resistant' is limited to degree of cross and multiple resistance, the champion being the species with documented resistance to the greatest number of insecticides. (ufl.edu)
  • CD-ROM databases of AGRICOLA and CAB Abstracts were searched for the years 1984-1994 for references to insecticide resistance in the principal candidates. (ufl.edu)
  • However, the insect species with populations resistant to the greatest number of insecticides is the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Homoptera: Aphidae), which has documented resistance to 71 synthetic chemical insecticides ( Georghiou & Lagunes-Tejada 1991 ). (ufl.edu)
  • Many would therefore argue that the rapidity with which populations of these two species develop resistance to newly applied insecticides, leading to inherent difficulties in their chemical control, would make them the champions of the category 'resistant to most insecticides. (ufl.edu)
  • However, the green peach aphid, while receiving less attention in terms of its resistance, has a greater number of documented cases of resistance to individual insecticides, and therefore is the most resistant according to the definition utilized here. (ufl.edu)
  • The objective of the current ering new classes of antimicrobials and the increasing study was, therefore, to assess the bacteriologic pro- emergence and reemergence of resistant pathogens, file, resistance pattern, and patient's outcome in Lan- mortality from infectious disease is increasing [1]. (who.int)
  • Geneva, World Health Organization, 2017 ( http://www.who.int/malaria/publications/atoz/artemisinin-resistance-april2017/en/ , accessed 30 April 2018). (who.int)
  • Understanding paraquat resistance mechanisms in Arabidopsis thaliana to facilitate the development of paraquat-resistant crops. (bvsalud.org)
  • However, little is known about the genetic bases and molecular mechanisms of PQ resistance in weeds, and hence no PQ-resistant crops have been developed to date. (bvsalud.org)
  • This review focuses on PQ resistance loci and resistance mechanisms revealed in Arabidopsis and examines the possibility of developing PQ-resistant crops using the elucidated mechanisms. (bvsalud.org)
  • B ) Mortality of pyrethroid-resistant Aedes aegypti by targeted indoor residual spraying (TIRS) with a household aerosolized insecticide over time. (ajtmh.org)
  • To combat this, we need to be able to identify resistant infections early for alternative antibiotics to be prescribed. (edu.au)
  • Repeated usage and overreliance on this herbicide have resulted in the emergence of PQ-resistant weeds that are a potential hazard to agriculture . (bvsalud.org)
  • 2 There is a relative paucity of information on treatment of late-life treatment-resistant depression (TRD). (psychiatrictimes.com)
  • The fermentation of resistant starch produces short-chain fatty acids, including acetate, propionate, and butyrate and increased bacterial cell mass. (wikipedia.org)
  • Drug susceptibility testing of the uncle revealed MDR tuberculosis (isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol and streptomycin resistant). (who.int)
  • On disk diffusion susceptibility testing, the isolate was resistant to nalidixic acid (NA) and to ofloxacin. (cdc.gov)
  • But organisms "resistant" to penicillin were noticed from almost the very beginning. (bd.com)
  • Now, decades of misuse and outdated guidelines have driven a rise in the organisms that are resistant to these lifesaving drugs. (bd.com)
  • Multi-center studies should be done to determine the extent of resistant organisms in health facilities throughout the country.epidemiology, and the findings should be factored into clinical decision making and program design for disease prevention, screening, and treatment. (who.int)
  • An understanding of the transmission, risk factors, microbiology, and surveillance of this resistant organism is essential. (uspharmacist.com)
  • There were 350 children with positive cultures over the study period: 7 (2%) were resistant to at least one of the 4 anti-tuberculosis drugs. (who.int)
  • Most importantly this defense response was more prompt in the resistant than the susceptible host indicating that a resistant host makes different choices from a susceptible host during infection which ultimately influences the severity of the disease. (nature.com)
  • We read with interest the recent review on trichomoniasis and would like to share our experience of a patient with clinically resistant infection, in whom various therapies were tried until we achieved a successful response. (bmj.com)
  • This study looked at whether a type of nutrient known as resistant starch could lower the risk of cancers in people with Lynch Syndrome. (facingourrisk.org)
  • Researchers found that resistant starch can reduce the risk of non-colorectal cancers but not colorectal cancer. (facingourrisk.org)
  • What is resistant starch? (facingourrisk.org)
  • Resistant starch is a type of starch that cannot be broken down in the small intestine. (facingourrisk.org)
  • For comparison, one cup of green peas has about four grams of resistant starch. (facingourrisk.org)
  • Resistant starch powder was mixed into food or drink. (facingourrisk.org)
  • Cornstarch is different than resistant starch. (facingourrisk.org)
  • for participants who did not receive resistant starch. (facingourrisk.org)
  • 52 (11%) participants were diagnosed with colorectal cancer in the resistant starch group. (facingourrisk.org)
  • 27 (6%) participants were diagnosed with non-colorectal cancer in the resistant starch group. (facingourrisk.org)
  • 5 (1%) participants were diagnosed with cancers of the upper GI tract in the resistant starch group. (facingourrisk.org)
  • Resistant starch (RS) is starch, including its degradation products, that escapes from digestion in the small intestine of healthy individuals. (wikipedia.org)
  • Resistant starch occurs naturally in foods, but it can also be added as part of dried raw foods, or used as an additive in manufactured foods. (wikipedia.org)
  • Resistant starch has similar physiological effects as dietary fiber, behaving as a mild laxative and possibly causing flatulence. (wikipedia.org)
  • The concept of resistant starch arose from research in the 1970s and is currently considered to be one of three starch types: rapidly digested starch, slowly digested starch and resistant starch, each of which may affect levels of blood glucose. (wikipedia.org)
  • The European Commission-supported-research eventually led to a definition of resistant starch. (wikipedia.org)
  • This includes resistant starch, non-starch polysaccharide fibers, oligosaccharides, and simple sugars which have significance in colon health. (wikipedia.org)
  • The fermentation of resistant starch produces more butyrate than other types of dietary fibers. (wikipedia.org)
  • Studies have shown that resistant starch supplementation was well tolerated. (wikipedia.org)
  • One review estimated that the acceptable daily intake of resistant starch may be as high as 45 grams in adults, an amount exceeding the total recommended intake for dietary fiber of 25-38 grams per day. (wikipedia.org)
  • When isolated resistant starch is used to substitute for flour in foods, the glycemic response of that food is reduced. (wikipedia.org)
  • In 2016, the U.S. FDA approved a qualified health claim stating that resistant starch might reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes, but with qualifying language for product labels that limited scientific evidence exists to support this claim. (wikipedia.org)
  • Because qualified health claims are issued when the science evidence is weak or not consistent, the FDA requires specific labeling language, such as the guideline concerning resistant starch: "High-amylose maize resistant starch may reduce the risk of Type 2 diabetes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Resistant starch may reduce appetite, especially with doses of 25 grams or more. (wikipedia.org)
  • Resistant starch may reduce low-density cholesterol. (wikipedia.org)
  • There is limited evidence that resistant starch might improve inflammatory biomarkers, including interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and C-reactive protein. (wikipedia.org)
  • Galvão A, Segers I, Smitz J, Tournaye H, De Vos M. In vitro maturation (IVM) of oocytes in patients with resistant ovary syndrome and in patients with repeated deficient oocyte maturation. (springer.com)
  • The group of anxiety patients that is resistant to the treatment has been shown to have very poor quality of life and have highest rate of suicidal attempts than any other disorders. (nature.com)
  • Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) is diagnosed after an individual has tried several types of treatment for depression and their symptoms haven't improved. (nih.gov)
  • In 2015, a survey of industrial wastewater reuse plant operators revealed that, despite the availability and use of fouling-resistant RO elements, the reliability of their water treatment systems continued to suffer from persistent biological fouling. (watertechonline.com)
  • Before starting whatever treatment in patients with such resistant hypertension, one should investigate a number of essential points. (escardio.org)
  • First, one needs to be sure that blood pressure in this patient indeed is resistant to any type of treatment. (escardio.org)
  • Dr Vieta led a study to create new definitions and algorithms for the management of treatment-resistant bipolar I and bipolar II depression. (psychiatrictimes.com)
  • For these patients, the current definitions of treatment-resistant depression are completely useless," he said. (psychiatrictimes.com)
  • After conducting a literature review of hundreds of relevant articles, Vieta's team found that although there have been many studies that focused on standardizing management of treatment-resistant unipolar depression, there have been very few attempts to standardize the approach to treatment-resistant bipolar depression. (psychiatrictimes.com)
  • Treatment-resistant bipolar depression: towards a new definition. (psychiatrictimes.com)
  • Acetarsol pessaries in the treatment of metronidazole resistant Trichomonas vaginalis. (bmj.com)
  • Combining Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) with paclitaxel did not reach the primary end point of overall survival (OS) in the treatment of patients with platinum-resistant ovarian cancer, according to a press release on final results from the phase 3 ENGOT-ov50/GOG-3029/INNOVATE-3 trial (NCT03940196). (cancernetwork.com)
  • Oral terbinafine is considered the first-line treatment for most infections caused by this fungus, but cases of terbinafine-resistant T. rubrum are increasingly being reported. (cdc.gov)
  • The term 'treatment-resistant depression' only takes into account failed pharmacological interventions. (psychologytoday.com)
  • Treatment-resistant (refractory) depression has been a fertile topic for several decades (e.g. (psychologytoday.com)
  • Unfortunately, as noted by Voineskos, treatment-resistant depression is generally defined as patients having failed two antidepressant trials. (psychologytoday.com)
  • Some researchers have begun investigating the efficacy of psychotherapy in conjunction with pharmacology for treatment-resistant depression cases. (psychologytoday.com)
  • They found that the former was more efficacious, and opined that psychotherapy should be included in treatment-resistant depression guidelines. (psychologytoday.com)
  • Providers concerned about treatment-resistant depression would do well to consider if personality is playing a role. (psychologytoday.com)
  • Practice guideline update summary: Efficacy and tolerability of the new antiepileptic drugs II: Treatment-resistant epilepsy. (msdmanuals.com)
  • By 1984 at least 17 insect species were resistant to all major classes of insecticides ( Georghiou 1986 ). (ufl.edu)
  • A rapid test to detect antibiotic-resistant skin infections in Aboriginal children could be a step closer, thanks to support from the WA Government's Future Health Research and Innovation Fund (FHRIF). (edu.au)
  • Microscopy using normal and GFP-expressing pathogen showed typical constricted thick intercellular bitrophic hyphae which gave rise to thin intracellular necrotrophic hyphae during BNS and this stage was delayed in a resistant host. (nature.com)
  • Conway GS, Conway E, Walker C, Hoppner W, Gromoll J, Simoni M. Mutation screening and isoform prevalence of the follicle stimulating hormone receptor gene in women with premature ovarian failure, resistant ovary syndrome and polycystic ovary syndrome. (springer.com)
  • Effective ovarian stimulation in a patient with resistant ovary syndrome and antigonadotropin antibodies. (springer.com)
  • Findings from an exploratory subgroup analysis in the phase 3 INNOVATE-3 trial suggest that Tumor Treating Fields plus paclitaxel may confer a survival benefit in patients who received only 1 prior line of therapy for platinum-resistant ovarian cancer. (cancernetwork.com)
  • Novocure provides update on phase 3 ENGOT-ov50 / GOG-3029 / INNOVATE-3 trial evaluating Tumor Treating Fields therapy in platinum-resistant ovarian cancer. (cancernetwork.com)
  • Dr. Dmitriy Zamarin speaks with Cancer Network about the findings of a phase II trial in platinum-resistant ovarian cancer patients. (cancernetwork.com)
  • Vonoprazan (VPZ) is a novel potassium-competitive acid blocker that may be clinically beneficial for proton pump inhibitor (PPI)-resistant reflux esophagitis (RE). (karger.com)
  • The distressing symptoms associated with clinically resistant trichomoniasis cannot be underestimated, thus sharing anecdotal management experience is essential. (bmj.com)
  • These BDQ resistant mutants were further characterized by studying their growth rate that could be related to their spreading in clinical settings. (frontiersin.org)
  • 9,10 The two major resistant phenotypes are VanA and VanB, which are also the most globally prevalent phenotypes. (uspharmacist.com)
  • A molecular marker of artemisinin-resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria. (who.int)