• The results indicate that both compounds are relatively nonselective inhibitors of CPR and b 5 R activities. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Recent clinical evidence indicates a potential for skeletal muscle toxicity after therapy with HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (HMGRIs) in man. (aspetjournals.org)
  • The purpose of the present study was to reveal the potential pleotropic anti-inflammatory activity of two hmg-co Reductase inhibitors, Rosuvastatin and atorvastatin in comparison with standard drug diclofenac. (innovareacademics.in)
  • Current therapies to reduce obstruction, such as α1-adrenoceptor antagonists and 5α-reductase inhibitors, are not effective in all patients. (lu.se)
  • Statins or HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors modestly increase HDL-C levels. (medscape.com)
  • HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, or statins, effectively reduce blood cholesterol levels and produce a remarkable reduction in cardiovascular events. (medscape.com)
  • α-Lipoic acid and 6-propyl-2-thiouracil were evaluated for selectivity of inhibition of CPR and b 5 R activities, respectively, using recombinant enzymes and HLMs, as well as for effects on CYP3A-mediated triazolam hydroxylation in HLMs with either NADH or β-NADPH. (aspetjournals.org)
  • In vitro, glutathione reductase is inhibited by low concentrations of sodium arsenite and methylated arsenate metabolites, but in vivo, significant Glutathione Reductase inhibition by sodium arsenate has only been at 10 mg/kg/day. (wikipedia.org)
  • Inhibition of TrxR activity below normal levels produces inhibition of cell growth. (pharmiweb.com)
  • Nucleotide reductase is an enzyme specifically expressed in replicating cells or rapidly growing tumor cells, and treatment of cells with TrxR inhibition and compounds such as adriamycin results in inhibition of nucleotide reductase and inhibition of cell growth. (pharmiweb.com)
  • However, when diabetic rats were treated with vitamin K1 (5 mg/kg, sc, twice a week) it resulted in lowering of blood glucose and inhibition of lens aldose reductase activity because of which there was a corresponding decrease in lens sorbitol accumulation. (medgenome.com)
  • Previous studies from this laboratory established that the rapid but partial interconversion of tetrahydrofolate cofactors to dihydrofolate after exposure of L1210 leukemia cells to antifolates cannot be due to direct feedback inhibition of thymidylate synthase by dihydrofolate or any other endogenous folylpolyglutamates when dihydrofolate reductase activity is abolished by antifolates. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The author concludes the data support the hypothesis that specific inhibition of neural NADHTR activity by AA is the primary cause of neuropathy. (cdc.gov)
  • This study investigated the potential of vitamin K1 as a novel lens aldose reductase inhibitor in a streptozotocin-induced diabetic cataract model. (medgenome.com)
  • HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor-induced myopathy in the rat: cyclosporine A interaction and mechanism studies. (aspetjournals.org)
  • The ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor hydroxyurea exhibits potent synergism, even at low, non-cytotoxic concentrations, with the anti-HIV-1 dideoxynucleoside 2',3'-dideoxyinosine, bringing about failure of HIV DNA synthesis and, thus, of HIV replication. (tmu.edu.tw)
  • This paper explores the role of cell cycle phase in L1210 leukemia cells in logarithmic versus stationary phase growth as a factor in the rate and extent of tetrahydrofolate cofactor interconversion to dihydrofolate after exposure of cells to the dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor trimetrexate. (elsevierpure.com)
  • An increase in the nitrate concentration of the nutrient solution increased the proportion of the nitrate reductase activity in the needles. (eurekamag.com)
  • The mycorrhizal root tips had higher nitrate reductase activity than nonmycorrhizal root tips in the same root system. (eurekamag.com)
  • Nitrate reductase activity in the subsurface waters of the Peru Curren" by T. T. Packard, R. C. Dugdale et al. (yale.edu)
  • Dihydrofolate reductase activity was also detected in reticulate body extract. (jci.org)
  • Phenazopyridine induced methaemoglobinaemia associated with decreased activity of erythrocyte cytochrome b5 reductase. (bmj.com)
  • The patient and several members of her family showed decreased activities of erythrocyte NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase, predisposing them to the development of clinically significant methaemoglobinaemia when challenged with oxidant drugs. (bmj.com)
  • NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR) and cytochrome- b 5 ( b 5 ) together with NADH- b 5 reductase ( b 5 R) play important roles in cytochrome P450 3A-mediated drug metabolism via electron transfer. (aspetjournals.org)
  • There are two major P450 classes in terms of the native RP systems, namely, the prokaryotic Class I P450 consisting of three stand-alone components (redoxin reductase/redoxin/P450) that are all cytosolically soluble proteins and the two-component eukaryotic Class II P450 comprised of P450 and cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR), both of which are membrane-bound proteins. (nature.com)
  • production, or inflammation-related oxidation of the sGC haem group, normally maintained in a reduced state by the cofactor cytochrome-b5-reductase 3 (CYB5R3). (lu.se)
  • This variability in tissue sorbitol levels may be due to differences in the activity of aldose reductase, the enzyme that converts glucose to sorbitol. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • In this study, we isolated aldose reductase from erythrocytes of 31 diabetic patients and 6 nondiabetic control subjects, measured its activity, and compared it to simultaneously measured erythrocyte sorbitol levels. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • 0.05), but there was an ∼ threefold variation in aldose reductase activity among diabetic patients. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • The sorbitol level was higher in patients with high aldose reductase activity than in those who had low enzyme activity for any given level of glycemia. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • We conclude that both aldose reductase activity and the ambient plasma glucose concentration are important determinants of the level of sorbitol that accumulates in tissues of diabetic patients. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • A single, intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) (35 mg/kg) resulted in hyperglycemia, activation of lens aldose reductase 2 (ALR2) and accumulation of sorbitol in eye lens which could have contributed to diabetic cataract formation. (medgenome.com)
  • Thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) is similar in activity to glutathione reductase (GR), catalyzing the reduction of GSSG to GSH, and is one of the key enzymes of the glutathione redox cycle. (pharmiweb.com)
  • Mammalian thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) enzymes are a family of selenoproteins with a unique but essential selenocysteine (Sec) residue at their C-terminal redox center. (pharmiweb.com)
  • The aims of the present study were to evaluate placental 5α-reductase isoform expression during late gestation and to examine fetal sex differences and the effects of glucocorticoid therapies on the expression of these enzymes. (edu.au)
  • Succinate:quinone reductases are membrane-bound enzymes that catalyze electron transfer from succinate to quinone. (lu.se)
  • Ribonucleotide reductases (RNRs) are essential enzymes for all life by virtue of their central role in the de novo synthesis of deoxyribonucleotides, the building blocks for DNA synthesis. (lu.se)
  • Furthermore, structural analysis of Mm HCP C67Y and characterization of several Mm HCP variants with a Cys67 mutation reveal the significance of Cys67 in protein structure, metallocluster binding and hydroxylamine reductase activity. (nature.com)
  • In particular, glutathione reductase appears to be a good target for anti-malarials, as the glutathione reductase of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum has a significantly different protein fold than that of mammalian glutathione reductase. (wikipedia.org)
  • These observations suggest that the failure to quantitatively interconvert tetrahydrofolate cofactors to dihydrofolate in mammalian cells after antifolates is due in part to a component of non-S phase cells that have essentially no thymidylate synthase catalytic activity. (elsevierpure.com)
  • In the Class I apparatus, two electrons from NAD(P)H are transferred to the FAD-containing ferredoxin reductase (FdR) and then to P450 via the iron-sulfur cluster-containing ferredoxin (Fdx). (nature.com)
  • Parameters evaluated for statistical analysis were MTHFR enzyme level, plasma homocysteine and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, with glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities. (edu.ng)
  • Changes in the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px): glutathione reductase (GSH-R), and catalase, and in the content of reduced glutathione (GSH) in blood samples were determined by means of biochemical methods. (nih.gov)
  • Chronic ethanol ingestion elicited a significant increase in GSH-Px activity (by a maximum of approximately 32% on day 14), whereas opposite alterations in GSH-R and catalase activities were recorded (49% of the control value on day 4 and 17% on day 21, respectively). (nih.gov)
  • D+I+M reduced the oxidative stress levels and the activity of catalase and superoxide dismutase in skeletal muscle when compared to D+I rats. (hindawi.com)
  • To address this questions, we investigated the antioxidant defense system enzymatic (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (Gpx), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD)) and nonenzymatic (reduced glutathione (GSH)) in gastrocnemius muscle of diabetic rats. (hindawi.com)
  • While SOD catalyzes the dismutation of superoxide anion (O2') to H2O2, catalase and glutathione (peroxidase, reductase) system reduce cellular toxicity degrading peroxides into oxygen and water 9 . (bvsalud.org)
  • During the past years, a growing number of surrogate RPs have been reported 8 , with some of which being more frequently used for in vitro activity reconstitution of diverse bacterial P450s. (nature.com)
  • The method used for screening anti-inflammatry activity was In vitro human red blood cell membrane stabilization method. (innovareacademics.in)
  • The results of our study revealed that atorvastatin and rosuvastatin showed effective in vitro (500mcg/ml) anti-inflammatory activity when compared with the standard drug diclofenac. (innovareacademics.in)
  • In vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory activity of leaves of symplocos cochinchnensis (Lour) Moore ssp laurina. (innovareacademics.in)
  • Preliminary chemical evaluation and in vitro anti-Inflammatory activity of leaves of Remusatia Vivipara. (innovareacademics.in)
  • Evidence for anti-inflammatory activity of statins and PPARa activators in human C-reactive protein transgenic mice in vivo and in cultured human hepatocytes in vitro. (innovareacademics.in)
  • Cholesterol-lowering statins possess anti-inflammatory activity that might be useful for treatment of MI. (innovareacademics.in)
  • Increases in HDL-C levels may also be attributable to decreasing plasma cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) activity by statins. (medscape.com)
  • [ 1 ] Physical activity also reduces cardiovascular risk, and the combination of statins and high level of physical fitness reduces cardiovascular mortality in patients with hyperlipidemia patients more than either treatment alone. (medscape.com)
  • Analysis of its complete genome indicates that it lacks a conventional arsenite oxidase (Aox), but instead possesses two operons that each encode a putative respiratory arsenate reductase (Arr). (usgs.gov)
  • In vivo nitrate reductase (EC 1.6.6.1) activity was measured in seedlings of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) inoculated with Cenococcum geophilum (Sow. (eurekamag.com)
  • Negative regulation of constitutive GSNOR activity in vivo by nitrosative or oxidative modifications might present an important mechanism to control GSNO levels, a critical mediator of the downstream signalling effects of NO, as well as for formaldehyde detoxification in dehydrogenase reaction mode. (muni.cz)
  • Pre-incubation with NO/NO- donors or hydrogen peroxide resulted in a decreased reductase and dehydrogenase activity of all studied plant GSNORs. (muni.cz)
  • Expression of the two 5α-reductase isoenzymes was measured in placental samples, whereas cortisol concentrations were measured in cord blood, from two cohorts. (edu.au)
  • Glutathione reductase (GR) also known as glutathione-disulfide reductase (GSR) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the GSR gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • Glutathione reductase (EC 1.8.1.7) catalyzes the reduction of glutathione disulfide (GSSG) to the sulfhydryl form glutathione (GSH), which is a critical molecule in resisting oxidative stress and maintaining the reducing environment of the cell. (wikipedia.org)
  • Glutathione reductase functions as dimeric disulfide oxidoreductase and utilizes an FAD prosthetic group and NADPH to reduce one molar equivalent of GSSG to two molar equivalents of GSH: The glutathione reductase is conserved between all kingdoms. (wikipedia.org)
  • TrxR is a dimeric flavoproteinase, a member of the pyridine nucleotide disulfide reductase family, widely expressed in cells of all levels of organisms from prokaryotes to humans. (pharmiweb.com)
  • MerA is the protein subunit of the homodimeric mercuric reductase (MR) enzyme, the central function of the mer system. (bromberglab.org)
  • Objective -To evaluate the effects of a high-protein diet versus dietary supplementation with ammonium chloride (NH 4 Cl) on struvite crystal formation in the urine of clinically normal cats by measuring the urine concentration of hydrochloric acid (HCl)-insoluble sediment, urine pH, struvite activity product (SAP), number of struvite crystals in urine, and urine volume. (avma.org)
  • The results provide insights into the domination for P450-redox partner interactions in modulating the catalytic activity of P450s. (nature.com)
  • Variants in the SRD5A2 gene prevent steroid 5-alpha reductase 2 from effectively converting testosterone to DHT in the developing reproductive tissues. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The effect of acrylamide (79061) (AA) and methylene-bisacrylamide (110269) (MBAA) on NADH-tetrazolium-reductase (NADHTR) activity in neural and nonneural tissues was studied in rats. (cdc.gov)
  • The order of decreased NADHTR activity for tissues was hepatocytes, parietal cells, kidney tubules, dorsal root ganglion, cerebellum and axons. (cdc.gov)
  • AA decreased the NADHTR activity in neural tissues without significantly decreasing enzyme activity in the nonneural tissues. (cdc.gov)
  • MBAA was without a significant effect on NADHTR activity within any of the tissues with the exception of the Purkinje neurons. (cdc.gov)
  • In March 1976 and 1977, nitrate reductase, nitrate, nitrite, and oxygen were measured between depths of 30 and 250m in the subsurface waters overlying the Peruvian continental shelf and shelf edge at 15S latitude. (yale.edu)
  • For hereditary methemoglobinemias, reduced enzyme activity is seen with NADH-methemoglobin reductase deficiency, but normal in HbM disease. (cdc.gov)
  • Hemoglobin electrophoresis is abnormal in HbM disease, but normal with NADH-methemoglobin reductase deficiency [McKenzie 2010]. (cdc.gov)
  • 5-alpha reductase deficiency is a condition that affects sexual development before birth and during puberty. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Many people with 5-alpha reductase deficiency are assigned female at birth based on their external genitalia. (medlineplus.gov)
  • People with 5-alpha reductase deficiency do not develop much facial or body hair. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Variants (also called mutations) in the SRD5A2 gene cause 5-alpha reductase deficiency. (medlineplus.gov)
  • These hormonal factors underlie the changes in sexual development seen in infants with 5-alpha reductase deficiency. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Researchers believe that people with 5-alpha reductase deficiency develop secondary male sex characteristics in response to higher levels of this hormone. (medlineplus.gov)
  • in each cell) will have the characteristic signs of 5-alpha reductase deficiency. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The reduction of NR activity was accompanied by reduction of chlorophyll and accumulation of lipids. (hindawi.com)
  • Network thermodynamic simulations suggest that a reduction in the number of S phase cells and their thymidylate synthase catalytic activity would account for the observed decrease in the rate and extent of interconversion of tetrahydrofolate cofactors to dihydrofolate after trimetrexate in stationary phase cultures. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Activity is regulated on two levels: overall activity and substrate specificity (as only one RNR catalyses the reduction of all four ribonucleotides under given physiological conditions). (lu.se)
  • However, it is not clear whether variability in expression of these accessory proteins contributes to the known interindividual variability in CYP3A activity. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Bovine adrenodoxin (Adx) and adrenodoxin reductase (AdR) are involved in steroid hormone biosynthesis in the adrenal gland mitochondria. (nature.com)
  • The SRD5A2 gene provides instructions for making an enzyme called steroid 5-alpha reductase 2. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Specifically, the steroid 5-alpha reductase 2 enzyme is responsible for a chemical reaction that converts the hormone testosterone to DHT. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The development of female sex characteristics does not require DHT, so a lack of steroid 5-alpha reductase 2 activity does not cause physical changes in these individuals. (medlineplus.gov)
  • We developed a novel and convenient method of determining 5alpha-reductase activity using LC/MS. With this method, SPE was shown to inhibit 5alpha-reductase activity in rat liver with an IC(50) of 101 microg/ml. (nih.gov)
  • Several CYP2C9 gene polymorphisms decrease the activity of the CYP2C9 enzyme and slow the body's metabolism of warfarin. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Here we show that one homolog is expressed under chemolithoautotrophic conditions and exhibits both arsenite oxidase and arsenate reductase activity. (usgs.gov)
  • This study was focused on the dynamic regulation of the activity of plant GSNORs through reversible S-nitrosation and/or oxidative modifications of target cysteine residues. (muni.cz)
  • We are also determining the structure of other class III RNRs which have overall activity regulation (the T4 enzyme does not), as well as of mutants of the T4 RNR which affect the catalytic mechanism and the allosteric regulation. (lu.se)
  • Enzymatic activities, polypeptide composition, as well as other components such as non-haem iron, acid-labile sulphur and ubiquinone, were determined. (karger.com)
  • The lesion that resulted from ischaemia was localised as altered enzymatic activities due to a different polypeptide composition, as well as loss of ubiquinone and non-haem iron from complex IB. (karger.com)
  • Complex I (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-ubiquinone reductase) is a complex enzyme system located in the inner mitochondrial membrane. (karger.com)
  • The VKORC1 gene provides instructions for making a vitamin K epoxide reductase enzyme. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Similarly, all the fatty acids except palmitic acid inhibited 5alpha-reductase activity, with IC(50) values of 42.1 to 67.6 microg/ml. (nih.gov)
  • Their distinct biosynthetic activity includes an endoperoxidase synthase reaction that oxygenates and cyclizes polyunsaturated fatty acid precursors (eg, arachidonic acid) to form prostaglandin G 2 (PGG2), and a peroxidase reaction that converts PGG2 to prostaglandin H 2 (PGH2), as shown below. (medscape.com)
  • Rats consuming a liquid diet containing 7% ethanol for 4, 7, 14, or 21 days exhibited a significantly decreased ambulation activity, accompanied by a reduced frequency and duration of explorative rearing in an open-field task 4, 7, and 14 days after chronic ethanol ingestion, whereas presumed adaptation to the neurologic effects of ethanol was observed on day 21. (nih.gov)
  • The NADHTR activity was not significantly decreased by AA in the stomach, kidney or liver. (cdc.gov)
  • Results supported this hypothesis, because strains AAS1 and R1-1 (i) were resistant to >10 μM Hg(II), (ii) transformed Hg(II) to Hg(0) during cellular growth, and (iii) possessed Hg-dependent NAD(P)H oxidation activities in crude cell extracts that were optimal at temperatures corresponding with the strains' optimal growth temperatures, 55°C for AAS1 and 70°C for R1-1. (bromberglab.org)
  • The ability of all three strains to carry out de novo folate synthesis was demonstrated by following the incorporation of exogenous [3H]pABA into intracellular folates and by detecting dihydropteroate synthase activity in reticulate body crude extract. (jci.org)
  • Logistic regression was used to determine which enzyme activities were associated with ARMD after adjusting for possible confounding variables: smoking history, age, multivitamin use, and cardiovascular disease. (thestemcellfoundation.com)
  • Methylene tetrahydrofolate Reductase Enzyme Level and Antioxidant Activity in Women with Gestational Hypertension and Pre-eclampsia in Lagos, Nigeria. (edu.ng)
  • Glutathione reductase from human erythrocytes is a homodimer consisting of 52Kd monomers, each containing 3 domains. (wikipedia.org)
  • Screening methods in pharmacology: Evaluation of analgesics, anti-inflammtory and antipyretic activity. (innovareacademics.in)
  • Aim The aim of this study is to assess the reliability of plasma homocysteine (hcy) 5, 10 methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) enzyme and oxidative stress parameters as indicators of aetio-pathogenesis and severity of gestational hypertension and pre-eclampsia. (edu.ng)
  • Conclusion Pre-eclampsia and gestational hypertension are associated with marked homocysteine metabolic derangement and increased lipid peroxidation induced by oxidative stress and reduced MTHFR enzyme activity which may be the significant risk factors in the aetio-pathogenesis of GH and PE. (edu.ng)
  • The results of the present investigation suggest the antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities of leaf extract of M. piperita are the likely mechanism of radiation protection. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • The effects of chronic ethanol intoxication on the open-field behavior, on antioxidant enzyme activities, and the degree of lipid peroxidation were investigated. (nih.gov)
  • He localized the biologic activity to a fraction of lipid soluble acids that he termed "prostaglandin," hypothesizing that these substances originate in the prostate gland. (medscape.com)
  • [ 12 ] STOMP researchers found that more patients in the atorvastatin group than in the placebo group developed muscle complaints, but there were no differences in muscle strength and endurance, aerobic performance, or physical activity levels after 6 months of treatment. (medscape.com)
  • While these characteristics all conformed with the mer system paradigm, expression of the Aquificae mer operons was not induced by exposure to Hg(II) as indicated by unity ratios of merA transcripts, normalized to gyrA transcripts for hydrogen-grown AAS1 cultures, and by similar MR specific activities in thiosulfate-grown cultures with and without Hg(II). (bromberglab.org)
  • Some affected people also retain a small amount of 5-alpha reductase 2 activity, which may produce DHT and contribute to the development of secondary sex characteristics during puberty. (medlineplus.gov)