• Using immunocytochemistry and ELISA, we investigated the production of interleukin (IL)-1β in the rat hippocampus after focal application of kainic acid inducing electroencephalographic (EEG) seizures and CA3 neuronal cell loss. (jneurosci.org)
  • More recently we have demonstrated that C/EBPβ regulates the expression of several genes involved in inflammatory processes and brain injury [ 14 ] and mice lacking C/EBPβ showed a reduced inflammatory response after kainic acid injection and exhibited a dramatic reduction in pyramidal cell loss in the CA1 and CA3 subfields of the hippocampus [ 15 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • caused by systemic administration of kainic acid, it has been shown that convulsive activity correlates with indicators of oxidative stress, apoptosis and expression of the AP-1 transcription factor in the rat hippocampus. (ihna.ru)
  • Activation of the Nrf2 pathway, which is involved in cellular defense, offers a potential strategy for reducing oxidative stress and epilepsy treatment. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Moreover, DMF treatment even when initiated well after the diagnosis of epilepsy, reduced symptomatic seizures long after the drug was eliminated from the body. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Taken together, these findings suggest that DMF, through the activation of Nrf2, has the potential to serve as a therapeutic target for preventing epileptogenesis and modifying epilepsy. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Activation of the MAPK signaling pathway was observed in epilepsy rats. (frontiersin.org)
  • A decrease in the MAPK phosphorylation level by application of losmapimod protected against epilepsy by reducing neuron loss. (frontiersin.org)
  • Losmapimod effectively improved memory, reduced the frequency of seizures, protected the neuron from damage, and limited the apoptosis of neurons in epilepsy rats. (frontiersin.org)
  • On the model of limbic epilepsy caused by the systemic administration of kainic acid and accompanied by neurodegeneration, the possibility of modulating the pathological effects of zinc is shown. (ihna.ru)
  • Repetitive apneic episodes disrupt the normal physiologic function and trigger sympathetic activation, vascular endothelial dysfunction, increased oxidative stress, inflammation, increased platelet aggregability, and metabolic dysregulation. (hindawi.com)
  • 2012). Activation of the Nrf2-ARE pathway by siRNA knockdown of Keap1 reduces oxidative stress and provides partial protection from MPTP-mediated neurotoxicity. (wisc.edu)
  • CSF1R has 972 amino acids, is predicted to have a molecular weight of 107.984 kiloDaltons, and is composed of an extracellular and a cytoplasmic domain. (wikipedia.org)
  • Changes in the concentration of amino acids in serum and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Parkinson's disease. (shengsci.com)
  • The concentrations of sixteen amino acids have been measured in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with Parkinson's disease and compared with those of control subjects. (shengsci.com)
  • The levels of most amino acids were not different between the two groups, but the level of glutamate in CSF was decreased significant. (shengsci.com)
  • Previous studies from our laboratory indicated that C/EBPβ is implicated in inflammatory process and brain injury, since mice lacking this gene were less susceptible to kainic acid-induced injury. (biomedcentral.com)
  • VPA reduced iba-1 positive activated microglia and the mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory marker genes in LRRK2 R1441G mice. (en-journal.org)
  • From the conditioned reflex activity in gastric acid secretion discovered by Pavlov to the recognition of the role of CNS in stress-induced gastric ulcer and exacerbation of intestinal inflammation, all these facts confirm the significance of brain-gut axis. (cyberleninka.ru)
  • Metabolism of arachidonic acid through cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes is known to be actively involved in the neuroinflammatory events leading to neuronal death after ischemia. (southampton.ac.uk)
  • The zinc compound reduces the degree of convulsive activity, neuronal death and the intensity of apoptosis. (ihna.ru)
  • Consistent with the gene analyses, in vivo analyses revealed that IHT increased phosphorylated tau, reflecting an imbalance of kinases and/or phosphatases, and reduced proteins relevant to glutamatergic synapses. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The laboratories goal is to discover ways to increase the defense mechanisms in brain by activating multiple antioxidant defense genes simultaneously through activation of the Nrf2-ARE pathway. (wisc.edu)
  • Deletion of Nrf2 impairs functional recovery, reduces clearance of myelin debris and decreases axonal remyelination after peripheral nerve injury. (wisc.edu)
  • 2002 ). As a pivotal biochemical cascade, the MAPK signaling pathway is involved in diverse fundamental events in cells and signal transduction pathways, namely, differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, activation of other specific regulatory factors, acute responses to hormones, and developmental alteration of organisms (Pearson et al. (frontiersin.org)
  • Endothelium-derived microparticles (EMPs) are small vesicles released from endothelial cells in response to cell injury, apoptosis, or activation. (nartsignaling.com)
  • At that time, neurons were thought only to be depolarized by synaptic inputs (inside becoming more positive relative to outside), thus having their inside-negative resting membrane potentials become reduced. (org.es)
  • Social isolation reduced the density of NADPH-diaphorase - containing neurons in the corpus callosum, as well as in the precentral medial cortex (only in females). (ihna.ru)
  • In this study, we hypothesized that histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, valproic acid (VPA), can improve motor function by enhancing cell survival in PD genetic model mice with LRRK2 R1441G mutation. (en-journal.org)
  • It is assumed that destructive changes in cultured nerve cells subjected to ischemia and reoxygenation are associated with the activation of caspase-3 (the data were obtained in collaboration with the laboratory of experimental neurocytology of the Research Institute of the Brain of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences). (ihna.ru)
  • therefore, investigators hypothesize that increasing vagal tone through a hand-held vagal nerve simulator will reduce inflammation and gastrointestinal motility problems in gastroparesis patients. (stanford.edu)
  • Our microarray analyses revealed that IHT and aging shared alterations in some common GO, which were also observed with kainic acid treatment, Dicer ablation, or moderate glutamate excess. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The pathological phenotypes are featured by severe motor neuron death and glial activation in the lumbar spinal cord. (en-journal.org)
  • Consistently, pharmacological inhibition of STAT3 by WP1066 reduced seizure-induced IL-1β production and subsequent neuronal death. (nih.gov)
  • the inhibition of mitochondrial permeability-transition mediated cytochrome c release from mitochondria, the inhibition of caspase-1 and -3 expressions, and the suppression of microglial activation, involvement in some signaling pathways, metalloprotease activity inhibition. (nih.gov)
  • Genetic deletion or pharmacological inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase reduces brain damage and attenuates neuroinflammation after intracerebral hemorrhage. (medscape.com)
  • Inhibition of HMGB1 reduces rat spinal cord astrocytic swelling and AQP4 expression after oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation via TLR4 and NF-κB signaling in an IL-6-dependent manner. (medscape.com)
  • Our results show that inhibition of the MMPs in the rat will prevent kainic acid-induced cell death in the brain. (ox.ac.uk)
  • 2. Enhancement of activation of caspases by presenilin 1 gene mutations and its inhibition by secretase inhibitors. (nih.gov)
  • 15. Inhibition of gamma-secretase activity reduces Abeta production, reduces oxidative stress, increases mitochondrial activity and leads to reduced vulnerability to apoptosis: Implications for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. (nih.gov)
  • 3. Tauroursodeoxycholic acid modulates p53-mediated apoptosis in Alzheimer's disease mutant neuroblastoma cells. (nih.gov)
  • Lysophosphatidic acid via LPA-receptor 5/protein kinase D-dependent pathways induces a motile and pro-inflammatory microglial phenotype. (medscape.com)
  • 4. Intracellularly generated amyloid-beta peptide counteracts the antiapoptotic function of its precursor protein and primes proapoptotic pathways for activation by other insults in neuroblastoma cells. (nih.gov)
  • 12. S-Adenosylhomocysteine increases beta-amyloid formation in BV-2 microglial cells by increased expressions of beta-amyloid precursor protein and presenilin 1 and by hypomethylation of these gene promoters. (nih.gov)
  • Taking advantage of CX3CR1GFP/+:CCR2RFP/+ double-transgenic mice, we demonstrated that CCL2-CCR2 signaling has a role in resident microglial activation and blood-derived monocyte infiltration. (nih.gov)
  • Mild endoplasmic reticulum stress ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment via regulation of microglial polarization. (medscape.com)
  • Asiatic acid attenuates methamphetamine-induced neuroinflammation and neurotoxicity through blocking of NF-kB/STAT3/ERK and mitochondria-mediated apoptosis pathway. (medscape.com)
  • Neuroinflammation normally reduces the activation of NSCs. (frontiersin.org)
  • Salvianolic acid B protects against lipopolysaccharide-induced behavioral deficits and neuroinflammatory response: involvement of autophagy and NLRP3 inflammasome. (medscape.com)
  • To elucidate the presence and potential involvement of brain inflammation and cell death in neurological morbidity and intractable seizures in childhood epilepsy, we quantified cell death, astrocyte proliferation, microglial activation and cytokine release in brain tissue from patients who underwent epilepsy surgery. (biomedcentral.com)
  • alpha(2)-antiplasmin or BB-3103, a broad-spectrum inhibitor of the MMPs, co-injected with kainic acid into the striatum, inhibits excitotoxic cell death in the rat striatum, and reduces both the number of recruited macrophages and the size of the lesion. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Activation of CSF1R transcription is regulated by several transcription factors including Ets and PU.1. (wikipedia.org)