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Ischemic Attack, TransientRecurrenceStrokeCerebrovascular DisordersCarotid StenosisPrognosisEndarterectomy, CarotidAspirinCarotid Artery DiseasesBrain IschemiaCarotid Artery, InternalRisk FactorsIntracranial Embolism and ThrombosisProspective StudiesCerebral InfarctionFollow-Up StudiesIntracranial EmbolismTime FactorsCerebral AngiographyDipyridamoleTreatment OutcomeUltrasonography, Doppler, TranscranialPlatelet Aggregation InhibitorsMagnetic Resonance AngiographyAtrial FibrillationEchocardiography, TransesophagealRisk AssessmentCarotid ArteriesAnticoagulantsGreat BritainReferral and ConsultationRetrospective StudiesTomography, X-Ray ComputedFibrinolytic AgentsSeverity of Illness IndexCerebrovascular CirculationPredictive Value of TestsEnglandPatient SelectionCohort StudiesAge FactorsIncidenceVertebrobasilar InsufficiencyEmbolismMyocardial IschemiaAcute DiseaseMyocardial InfarctionMagnetic Resonance ImagingCalciumCardiovascular DiseasesEndarterectomyIntracranial ArteriosclerosisIschemiaAmaurosis FugaxMigraine DisordersComplement Membrane Attack ComplexNeurologyIntracranial Arterial Diseases
Definition of transientAcuteLong-term prognosisSubtypesDiagnosisCerebral blooHemorrhagic strokeStrokesAmaurosis fugaxArterialCarotidTIAsCerebrovascular eventsPatientsArteryHumansMinor strokeLesionsEtiologySecondaryRiskMolecularMechanismsIschemiaPredictPresentationMigraineManagementTreatmentPreviousBlood flow
Definition of transient2
  • In 2009, the American Heart Association and the American Stroke Association (AHA/ASA) published a scientific statement that revised the definition of transient ischemic attack (TIA) to the following: "a transient episode of neurologic dysfunction caused by focal brain, spinal cord or retinal ischemia without acute infarction. (medscape.com)
  • The classic definition of transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) based on focal neurological deficits most likely due to cerebrovascular diseases with full recovery within 24 hours dates back to the 1960s. (touchneurology.com)
Acute7
  • The present study isa systematic review and meta-analysis to assess plasma copeptin concentrations, diagnostic and prognostic values for risk stratification after acute ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack. (viamedica.pl)
  • Study Design: This was across sectional observational prospective hospital-based study conducted on 60 patients with first-ever acute posterior circulation ischemic stroke. (scirp.org)
  • Diagnosis of ischemic stroke and stroke subtypes were defined using the Trial of ORG 10,172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST) criteria as well as clinical and brain imaging features. (scirp.org)
  • It also reviews the recent advances in recurrent stroke prevention, including using more intensive antiplatelet regimens in the acute phase, and the concept that undetected cardiac arrhythmias may be important in apparently cryptogenic stroke. (bmj.com)
  • Acute ischemic stroke is characterized by high morbidity, recurrence rate, multiple complications, disability rate and mortality. (journalmc.org)
  • The original TIA definition as "a cerebral dysfunction of ischemic nature lasting no longer than 24 hours with a tendency to recur" was based on pure clinical findings and was formulated in a time period in which neuroimaging was rudimental and acute stroke treatment missing. (touchneurology.com)
  • Sometimes an ischemic stroke can become a hemorrhagic stroke when bleeding follows the acute blockage. (adam.com)
Long-term prognosis2
  • The above systematic review and meta-analysis suggests that monitoring the copeptin levels may help predict the long-term prognosis of ischemic stroke efficiently. (viamedica.pl)
  • The long-term prognosis is cause-dependent and usually poor. (medlink.com)
Subtypes2
  • Based on the etiology, stroke can be classified into ischemic or hemorrhagic subtypes, which ranks second among the leading causes of death. (frontiersin.org)
  • The most commonly used clinical systems divide ischemic stroke into three major stroke subtypes: large artery or atherosclerotic infarctions, cardioembolic infarctions and small vessel or lacunar infarctions. (vin.com)
Diagnosis4
  • If any lateralizing or focal findings are noted on the examination, then the diagnosis of transient global amnesia should be questioned. (medscape.com)
  • Many potential biomarkers have been described to contribute to the diagnosis, prognosis of outcomes, and risk stratification after stroke. (viamedica.pl)
  • In this update, the author discusses advancements in the epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of patients with arterial ischemic stroke and cerebral venous thrombosis associated with genetic and acquired thrombophilia, including the antiphospholipid antibody syndrome. (medlink.com)
  • 7 Good TIA management requires a practical definition and confident diagnosis, based on good and reliable diagnostic tools, separation from TIA mimics, a valid prognosis and stroke risk assessment to identify potential sources of stroke and risk factors and a strategy for treatment and prevention. (touchneurology.com)
Cerebral bloo1
  • In its mildest form, impaired regional cerebral blood flow causes a transient ischemic attack (TIA). (vin.com)
Hemorrhagic stroke2
  • Strokes are caused by either blood flow blockage to the brain (ischemic stroke) or the sudden rupture of an artery in the brain (hemorrhagic stroke). (adam.com)
  • No resource exists that comprehensively assesses artificial intelligence/machine learning (AI/ML)-enabled technologies indicated for the management of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. (mdpi.com)
Strokes4
  • Study Objectives: About a quarter of strokes and transient ischemic attacks occur in the vertebrobasilar distribution. (scirp.org)
  • Microvascular pathologies are an independent risk factor for incidental ischaemic strokes, but data regarding subsequent vascular events are sparse. (bmj.com)
  • The purpose of this study is to determine if pioglitazone is effective in preventing future strokes or heart attacks among non-diabetic persons who have had a recent ischemic stroke. (stanford.edu)
  • Ischemic strokes are by far the more common type of stroke, causing nearly 90% of all strokes. (adam.com)
Amaurosis fugax3
  • Certainly, additional symptoms may be present with the amaurosis fugax, and those findings will depend on the cause of the transient monocular vision loss. (wikipedia.org)
  • While, most commonly, emboli causing amaurosis fugax are described as coming from an atherosclerotic carotid artery, any emboli arising from vasculature preceding the retinal artery, ophthalmic artery, or ciliary arteries may cause this transient monocular blindness. (wikipedia.org)
  • citation needed] Atherosclerotic carotid artery: Amaurosis fugax may present as a type of transient ischemic attack (TIA), during which an embolus unilaterally obstructs the lumen of the retinal artery or ophthalmic artery, causing a decrease in blood flow to the ipsilateral retina. (wikipedia.org)
Arterial5
  • Posterior circulation ischemic stroke is a clinical syndrome that is classically defined by infarction occurring within the vascular territory supplied by the vertebrobasilar arterial system. (scirp.org)
  • Arterial thrombosis manifests as ischemic stroke, myocardial infarction, and peripheral arterial thrombosis. (medlink.com)
  • If a patient with venous thrombosis has a right-to-left shunt such as a patent foramen ovale or pulmonary arteriovenous malformation, an embolus may dislodge from the thrombus and pass through this shunt to cause an arterial ischemic stroke, termed a "paradoxical embolus. (medlink.com)
  • Cerebrovascular manifestations of a hypercoagulable state are arterial ischemic stroke and cerebral venous thrombosis. (medlink.com)
  • Ischemic hypoxia is caused by an impaired arterial blood supply, whereas congestive hypoxia results from an impaired venous return. (frontiersin.org)
Carotid1
  • Fairhead JF, Mehta Z, Rothwell PM. Population-based study of delays in carotid imaging and surgery and the risk of recurrent stroke. (eurekaselect.com)
TIAs2
  • The prognosis for TGA is often better than for TIAs. (medscape.com)
  • Transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) are associated with a high risk of subsequent stroke and often pose a diagnostic and treatment challenge. (touchneurology.com)
Cerebrovascular events2
  • Genetic and acquired hypercoagulable states, such as factor V Leiden deficiency, prothrombin G20210A mutation, and antiphospholipid syndrome, are associated with cerebrovascular events, including cerebral venous thrombosis and ischemic stroke. (medlink.com)
  • 1 With the advent of advanced neuroimaging techniques (computed tomography [CT] and magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]), new insights into pathobiology and prognosis of cerebrovascular events, as well as the approval of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) treatment and the increasing emergency management in stroke units, this definition has become outdated and suggestions for its change have been frequently made. (touchneurology.com)
Patients13
  • In one study, only 23.8 percent of patients with transient monocular vision loss experienced the classic "curtain" or "shade" descending over their vision. (wikipedia.org)
  • Determining the copeptin level may help individualize the management of ischemic stroke patients, keep stroke risk lower, reduce post-stroke complications, including patient death, and minimize healthcare costs. (viamedica.pl)
  • In patients with primary APS, the presence of the 3 aCL isotypes plus LAC has been associated with a higher number of recurrent spontaneous abortions, compared with other possible combinations of aCL isotypes. (medscape.com)
  • The HLA-DR3 phenotypes seem to predispose to the formation of aCL antibodies and antinuclear antibodies (ANAs), but this has not been confirmed in patients, and particular HLA alleles associated with recurrent miscarriage have not been reported. (medscape.com)
  • Background and purpose Retinal pathologies are an independent risk factor for ischaemic stroke, but research on the predictive value of retinal abnormalities for recurrent vascular events in patients with prior stroke is inconclusive. (bmj.com)
  • Methods In a substudy of the Intensified secondary prevention intending a reduction of recurrent events in TIA and minor stroke patients (INSPiRE-TMS) trial, we enrolled patients with recent transient ischaemic attack (TIA) or minor stroke with at least one modifiable risk factor. (bmj.com)
  • In a selective post hoc analysis in patients with diabetes mellitus and hypertension, patients with vascular retinopathy with vessel rarefaction had a higher risk for recurrent stroke (HR 24.14 (95% CI 2.74 to 212.50), p=0.004). (bmj.com)
  • In patients with recent transient ischaemic attacks (TIA) or minor stroke, the burden of retinal abnormalities was not associated with recurrent vascular events. (bmj.com)
  • Although we did not show a general association between fundus changes and subsequent vascular events, retinal imaging might be useful in a subset of patients with diabetes and hypertension for identifiying those at risk for recurrent ischaemic stroke. (bmj.com)
  • Is There an Optimal Management Regimen for Transient Ischemic Attack Patients to Best Prevent Stroke? (touchneurology.com)
  • Methods: We consecutively enrolled stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) patients who had undergone DUS more than twice with intervals of three months or more. (eurekaselect.com)
  • Results: A total of 201 patients were enrolled (186 ischemic stroke patients and 15 TIA patients). (eurekaselect.com)
  • Patients can clinically present with disorders ranging from migraine with aura (20-40% of affected patients), ischaemic events (60-80%), dementia, seizures, 10 apathy and mood disturbances. (bmj.com)
Artery1
  • With respect to embolic and hemodynamic causes, this transient monocular visual loss ultimately occurs due to a temporary reduction in retinal artery, ophthalmic artery, or ciliary artery blood flow, leading to a decrease in retinal circulation which, in turn, causes retinal hypoxia. (wikipedia.org)
Humans1
  • A number of classification systems for ischemic stroke have been proposed in humans. (vin.com)
Minor stroke1
  • The risk of recurrent stroke during the first few days after a transient ischaemic attack (TIA) or minor stroke is very much higher than previously estimated. (ox.ac.uk)
Lesions1
  • 7 Nodular white matter lesions are seen on imaging and most ischaemic changes occur in the basal ganglia, periventricular white matter and temporal lobes, 1 , 8 and a family with spinal cord lesions in the presence of a novel NOTCH 3 mutation has been described. (bmj.com)
Etiology1
  • Transient global amnesia (TGA) is a well-described syndrome, but one whose exact etiology is not yet completely understood. (medscape.com)
Secondary1
  • Ischaemic stroke represents a syndrome caused by several diverse pathologies that all result in disruption of blood supply and secondary ischaemic damage. (bmj.com)
Risk3
  • This review considers what is known about the early prognosis after TIA and minor ischaemic stroke, what factors identify individuals at particularly high early risk of stroke, and what evidence there is that urgent preventive treatment is likely to be effective in reducing the early risk of stroke. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Conclusions: Different vascular risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and smoking are present in all infarction patterns of posterior circulation ischemic stroke either single or multiple infarctions. (scirp.org)
  • The risk of recurrent stroke is increased following ischaemic stroke and transient ischaemic attack (TIA), particularly in the first few weeks. (bmj.com)
Molecular1
  • Advances in our knowledge about the workings of genes and their variants coupled with technological advances in analysing the genome along with improved bioinformatics has enabled greater understanding of the underlying molecular aetiology of ischaemic stroke. (bmj.com)
Mechanisms1
Ischemia1
  • Systemic lupus erythematosus Periarteritis nodosa Eosinophilic vasculitis Hyperviscosity syndrome Polycythemia Hypercoagulability Protein C deficiency Antiphospholipid antibodies Anticardiolipin antibodies Lupus anticoagulant Thrombocytosis Subclavian steal syndrome Malignant hypertension can cause ischemia of the optic nerve head leading to transient monocular visual loss. (wikipedia.org)
Predict1
  • A pathologists' task in assessing a prostate biopsy for cancerous tissue is of prime importance since failure to correctly identify tissue can lead to a failure to accurately diagnose the patient and predict their likely prognosis. (hrb.ie)
Presentation1
Migraine1
  • If a patient is young or has repeated attacks, then the possibility of seizure or even migraine is higher. (medscape.com)
Management1
  • Prognosis and management in the first few days after a transient ischemic attack or minor ischaemic stroke. (ox.ac.uk)
Treatment1
Previous1
  • There was significant difference between the three groups as regard the occurrence of previous transient ischemic attacks (TIA). (scirp.org)
Blood flow1
  • Most of the problems associated with CVD are due to changes in the structural integrity of the blood vessel wall resulting in obstruction of blood flow that can lead to a heart attack or stroke. (hrb.ie)