Penicillin ResistanceRecombination, GeneticPenicillinsPenicillin GStreptococcus pneumoniaeMolecular Sequence DataPhylogenyPenicillin VPneumococcal InfectionsEvolution, MolecularBase SequencePenicillin-Binding ProteinsAnti-Bacterial AgentsMicrobial Sensitivity TestsMuramoylpentapeptide CarboxypeptidaseHomologous RecombinationDrug Resistance, MicrobialGenetic VariationHexosyltransferasesPeptidyl TransferasesDrug Resistance, BacterialSequence Analysis, DNACrossing Over, GeneticMutationPenicillin G ProcaineModels, GeneticPenicillinasePenicillin AmidaseAmino Acid SequenceNeisseria gonorrhoeaeSpecies SpecificityDNA, BacterialRad52 DNA Repair and Recombination ProteinBacterial ProteinsPlasmidsV(D)J RecombinationSequence Homology, Nucleic AcidTransformation, BacterialGene ConversionPenicillin G BenzathineBiological EvolutionLactamsMeiosisDNA RepairChromosome MappingSerotypingGenes, BacterialDrug ResistancePolymerase Chain ReactionAminoacyltransferasesSequence AlignmentIntegrasesDrug Resistance, MultipleSelection, GeneticEscherichia coliRad51 RecombinaseTransformation, GeneticErythromycinDrug Resistance, Multiple, BacterialDNADNA, MitochondrialAllelesCloning, Molecularbeta-LactamasesRecombinasesDNA, FungalGenetic SpeciationDNA-Binding ProteinsStreptococcal InfectionsCarrier ProteinsMacrolidesAmpicillinRepetitive Sequences, Nucleic AcidGene DuplicationDNA NucleotidyltransferasesSaccharomyces cerevisiaeTetracyclinePhenotypeMultigene FamilyVDJ RecombinasesStreptococcusDNA Breaks, Double-StrandedNasopharynxPneumococcal VaccinesLeukemia L5178CefotaximeDNA Transposable ElementsOxacillinGenotypeGenetic MarkersSequence Homology, Amino AcidGenomeDrug Resistance, NeoplasmDNA Primersbeta-LactamsR FactorsGenetics, PopulationCrosses, GeneticGenome, ViralImmunoglobulin Class Switching