Homologous recombinationGenesMeiosisMutationsMeioticSequencesDiversityGenomeHumansAnalysesGenomesChromosomalLociLocusChromosomesMutationPathwayMitoticGenomic regionsExchange of genetic materialAutosomalRecombinantCentromeresOccurEventsLineagesEpidemiologyQuantifyGeneticsProteinBacteriaSpeciesMechanismsMarkersImmuneModificationTranscriptionPopulationsProteinsOrganismsSequenceMechanismVectorMolecular geneticResultsGenerationsViralStrandHuman
Homologous recombination9
- The HNPP (hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies) deletion and CMT1A (Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A) duplication are the reciprocal products of homologous recombination events between misaligned flanking CMT1A-REP repeats on chromosome 17p11. (nih.gov)
- A 1.7-kb hotspot for homologous recombination was previously identified wherein the relative risk of an exchange event is 50 times higher than in the surrounding 98.7% identical sequence shared by the CMT1A-REPs. To refine the region of exchange further, we designed a PCR strategy to amplify the recombinant CMT1A-REP from HNPP patients as well as the proximal and distal CMT1A-REPs from control individuals. (nih.gov)
- Roughly half of patients with advanced ovarian cancer have homologous recombination deficiency (HRD)-positive tumors, including those with a BRCA mutation, and one in four women have a BRCA mutation. (merck.com)
- The yeast ML01 was modified using a shuttle vector containing a chromosome integration cassette with genes for malolactic enzyme, malate transporter (permease), regulatory genes and a sequence directing homologous recombination at a chromosomal locus (not specified in the FDA report), and the antibiotic phleomycin gene was used as a selectable marker via another plasmid. (i-sis.org.uk)
- The modification of bacteria and yeast is based on homologous recombination while modification of plants is based on illegitimate recombination. (i-sis.org.uk)
- Age-adjusted association of homologous recombination genes with ovarian cancer using clinical exomes as controls. (bvsalud.org)
- Genes in the homologous recombination pathway have shown varying results in the literature regarding ovarian cancer (OC) association . (bvsalud.org)
- We present age-adjusted odds ratios (ORAdj) to determine association of OC with pathogenic variants (PVs) in homologous recombination genes . (bvsalud.org)
- Homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) is a defining characteristic in BRCA-deficient breast tumors caused by genetic or epigenetic alterations in key pathway genes. (lu.se)
Genes6
- The shuffling of genes brought about by genetic recombination produces increased genetic variation. (wikipedia.org)
- On the basis of a genetic recombination model between sex‐determining genes and the centromere, the first maternal type was defined as heterogametic (WY) and the second as homogametic (WW). (biu.ac.il)
- Avtalion, RR & Don, J 1990, ' Sex‐determining genes in tilapia: a model of genetic recombination emerging from sex ratio results of three generations of diploid gynogenetic Oreochromis aureus ', Journal of Fish Biology , vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 167-173. (biu.ac.il)
- Map-based cloning and manipulation of genes controlling important traits for crop remains a great challenge due to the complex of crop genomes and lack of a high resolution of genetic and physical maps. (usda.gov)
- Therefore, the use of a combination of genetic and physical mapping methods can be very useful for advancing knowledge on the number and distance between genes of interests as well as to better understand the topography and organization of the genome. (usda.gov)
- The organism that develops from the fertilized ovum receives certain of the parents' characters through these genes, and the genetic material in the fertilized egg, that is to say, all these genes combined, determines the development of the organism. (nobelprize.org)
Meiosis9
- In eukaryotes, genetic recombination during meiosis can lead to a novel set of genetic information that can be further passed on from parents to offspring. (wikipedia.org)
- During meiosis in eukaryotes, genetic recombination involves the pairing of homologous chromosomes. (wikipedia.org)
- In meiosis and mitosis, recombination occurs between similar molecules of DNA (homologous sequences). (wikipedia.org)
- In meiosis, non-sister homologous chromosomes pair with each other so that recombination characteristically occurs between non-sister homologues. (wikipedia.org)
- During meiosis, synapsis (the pairing of homologous chromosomes) ordinarily precedes genetic recombination. (wikipedia.org)
- In eukaryotes, recombination during meiosis is facilitated by chromosomal crossover. (wikipedia.org)
- Chromosomal crossover involves recombination between the paired chromosomes inherited from each of one's parents, generally occurring during meiosis. (wikipedia.org)
- CONCLUSIONS: These results show that the P. falciparum genome has a high recombination rate, although it also follows the overall rule of meiosis in eukaryotes with an average of approximately one crossover per chromosome per meiosis. (ox.ac.uk)
- Mechanisms for maintaining genetic information during cell division and the generation of genetic variation: replication, mitosis, meiosis, recombination. (lu.se)
Mutations8
- The heterogeneous distribution of recessive deleterious mutations, the environment and other genetic factors like epistatic interactions are introducing noise into that relation. (nature.com)
- However, the ongoing rapid transmission and global spread of SARS-CoV-2 have raised critical questions about the evolution and adaptation of the viral population driven by mutations, deletions and/or recombination as it spreads across the world encountering diverse host immune systems and various counter-measures 6 . (nature.com)
- Viruses like SARS-CoV-2 continuously evolve as changes in the genetic code (caused by genetic mutations or viral recombination) occur during replication of the genome. (cdc.gov)
- A variant is a viral genome (genetic code) that may contain one or more mutations. (cdc.gov)
- Mutations that disrupt centromere integrity or reduce homology between X- and Y-linked PARs can lead to chromosome segregation errors and constitute important genetic mechanisms for cancer, cellular senescence, and infertility. (jax.org)
- More specifically, the team of Canadian researchers led by Dr. Philip Awadalla discovered the following: the segments of the human genome that don't recombine as often as others also tend to carry a significantly greater proportion of the more disease-enabling genetic mutations. (sciencedaily.com)
- Until chromosome recombination eventually occurs, these segments accumulate more and more bad mutations. (sciencedaily.com)
- Thankfully, disease-enabling mutations are eventually shuffled off our genetic code through sexual reproduction. (sciencedaily.com)
Meiotic7
- In both meiotic and mitotic cells, recombination between homologous chromosomes is a common mechanism used in DNA repair. (wikipedia.org)
- The RAD51 protein is required for mitotic and meiotic recombination, whereas the DNA repair protein, DMC1, is specific to meiotic recombination. (wikipedia.org)
- Meiotic recombination introduces variation around that expectation (Mendelian noise) and related pedigree founders systematically bias Pedigree F downward. (nature.com)
- Effects of meiotic recombination on Marker F were reversed, such that the same number of molecular markers yielded more precise estimates of GWIBD in zebra finches than in humans. (nature.com)
- Our studies provide a direct observation of human meiotic recombination products. (nih.gov)
- These results are consistent with the hypothesis that minimum efficient processing segments, which have been characterized in Escherichia coli, yeast, and cultured mammalian cells, may be required for efficient homologous meiotic recombination in humans. (nih.gov)
- The PAR is a region of conserved sequence identity between the X and Y chromosomes over which the meiotic program of pairing, synapsis, and recombination unfolds to ensure correct sex chromosome segregation. (jax.org)
Sequences4
- Gene conversion - the process during which homologous sequences are made identical also falls under genetic recombination. (wikipedia.org)
- When analyzing a fragment of the 5′ UTR, we characterized at least two subspecies of HRV-C: HRV-Cc, which clustered differently from HRV-A and HRV-B, and HRV-Ca, which resulted from previous recombination in this region with sequences related to HRV-A. The full-length sequence of one strain of each HRV-Ca and HRV-Cc subspecies was obtained for comparative analysis. (plos.org)
- Similar to centromeres in other organisms, the sequences of P. falciparum centromeres are found in chromosome regions largely devoid of recombination activity. (ox.ac.uk)
- GC-rich repetitive motifs identified in the hotspot sequences may play a role in the high recombination rate observed. (ox.ac.uk)
Diversity8
- A predominance of HRV-C over HRV-A and HRV-B was observed, and two subspecies of HRV-C were identified, the diversity of which seemed to be related to recombination with former HRV-A strains. (plos.org)
- Genetic diversity and potential recombination between ferret coronaviruses from European and American lineages. (ox.ac.uk)
- Genetic recombination and nucleotide substitution are the two major mechanisms that the parasite employs to generate genome diversity. (ox.ac.uk)
- In addition to the high level of intraspecific diversity observed in F. culmorum, the index of multilocus association calculated using ISSR data indicated that reproduction in F. culmorum cannot be exclusively clonal and recombination is likely to occur. (reading.ac.uk)
- We investigated the genetic diversity and dynamics of this gammacoronavirus using untargeted metagenomic sequencing of 223 faecal samples from swans of known age and sex, and RT-PCR screening of 1632 additional bird samples. (ox.ac.uk)
- The simplified and known genetic background of captive mouse populations such as the Collaborative Cross, BXD recombinant inbred strain panel, the Diversity Outbred population, and collections of diverse inbred strains render them uniquely powerful resources for studying the mechanisms of short-term genome evolution and genomic inheritance. (jax.org)
- Despite their fundamental significance for chromosome transmission and genome stability, little is known about the levels and patterns of genetic diversity across centromeres and the PAR, or the biological impacts of this variation. (jax.org)
- As a consequence of their unique historical origins, the genetic diversity captured in laboratory mice represents an extremely limited sample of the diversity found in wild mouse populations. (jax.org)
Genome5
- Thus, the present method of genome annotation employed at this early pandemic stage could be a promising tool for monitoring and tracking the continuously evolving pandemic situation, the associated genetic variants, and their implications for the development of effective control and prophylaxis strategies. (nature.com)
- One whole genome was fully characterised, and revealed that the virus originated from a recombination event involving an undescribed gammacoronavirus species. (ox.ac.uk)
- A mutation refers to a single change in a virus's genome (genetic code). (cdc.gov)
- Chromosomes recombine frequently in some segments of the genome, while recombination is less frequent in others. (sciencedaily.com)
- We investigated the frequency of BRCA1 promoter hypermethylation in 237 triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) from a population-based study using reported whole genome and RNA sequencing data, complemented with analyses of genetic, epigenetic, transcriptomic and immune infiltration phenotypes. (lu.se)
Humans4
- For decades, theories on the genetic advantage of sexual reproduction had been put forward, but none had ever been proven in humans, until now. (sciencedaily.com)
- As humans procreate, generation after generation, the exchange of genetic material between man and woman causes our species to evolve little by little. (sciencedaily.com)
- Antigenic shifts are probably due to genetic recombination (an exchange of a gene segment) between influenza A viruses that affect humans and/or animals. (cdc.gov)
- In the contest between humans and pathogens, each faction has an evolutionary advantage: we have the brains to plot antimicrobial strategies but they have the means to defeat them through rapid reproduction, genetic selection, and recombination. (cdc.gov)
Analyses3
- We conducted sequence analyses of 32 genetic loci of 53 C. hominis specimens isolated from a longitudinally followed cohort of children living in a small community. (cdc.gov)
- We identified by linkage disequilibrium and recombination analyses only limited genetic recombination, which occurred exclusively within the 60-kDa glycoprotein gene subtype IbA10G2, a predominant subtype for outbreaks in industrialized nations and a virulent subtype in the study community. (cdc.gov)
- Genomic analyses are widely applied to epidemiological, population genetic and experimental studies of pathogenic fungi. (cdc.gov)
Genomes1
- Dr. Awadalla and his team studied the sequenced genomes of hundreds of individuals from Canada's CARTaGENE genetic data repository and the multinational 1000 Genomes Project. (sciencedaily.com)
Chromosomal3
- Recombination may also occur during mitosis in eukaryotes where it ordinarily involves the two sister chromosomes formed after chromosomal replication. (wikipedia.org)
- Recombination between vector and chromosomal gene disrupts the target chromosomal gene and inserts the transgene, and frequently also a selectable marker, into the yeast target locus [3]. (i-sis.org.uk)
- This region escapes X-chromosome inactivation and has the highest ratio of chromosomal deletions among all genetic disorders. (medscape.com)
Loci2
- [ 10 ] Assuming complete penetrance, haplotype analysis of recombination events defined an interval of 10 centimorgans between loci D15S1023 and D15S979 . (medscape.com)
- In parallel, we are pursuing experimental tests of the functional consequences of genetic variation across these loci. (jax.org)
Locus4
- Identification of a locus which shows no genetic recombination with the autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease gene on chromosome 16. (ox.ac.uk)
- Three additional probes have now been mapped within an existing array of genetic markers flanking this locus. (ox.ac.uk)
- recombination fraction [straight theta] 0 at locus D15S206 ). (medscape.com)
- The large deletions of the STS gene are generated by inaccurate recombination at the STS locus. (medscape.com)
Chromosomes1
- The female:male ratio of genetic distance varied across individual chromosomes in a remarkably consistent fashion, with peaks at the centromeres of all metacentric chromosomes. (nih.gov)
Mutation4
- Through simulation of the evolutionary operations recombination , mutation , and selection new generations of search points are found that show a higher average fitness than their ancestors. (postgresql.org)
- Intergenerational DNA transmission is shaped by the fundamental processes of chromosome segregation, recombination, and de novo mutation. (jax.org)
- My research aims to understand the causes and consequences of variation in the mechanisms that govern DNA inheritance: chromosome segregation, recombination, and de novo mutation. (jax.org)
- X-linked ichthyosis is a genetic disorder caused by a mutation in the enzyme steroid sulfatase (STS). (medscape.com)
Pathway1
- We have developed the Yeast Pathway Kit (YPK) for rational and random metabolic pathway assembly in Saccharomyces cerevisiae using reusable and redistributable genetic elements. (lu.se)
Mitotic1
- Yeast cells in wine were found to be hyperactive in mitotic recombination, contributing to the observed instability of wine yeasts [7]. (i-sis.org.uk)
Genomic regions1
- As a postdoctoral trainee at the University of Washington, I used computational approaches to mine large-scale genomic datasets to identify and catalog signatures of one specific subclass of recombination - gene conversion - within structurally complex and repetitive genomic regions. (jax.org)
Exchange of genetic material2
- Genetic recombination (also known as genetic reshuffling) is the exchange of genetic material between different organisms which leads to production of offspring with combinations of traits that differ from those found in either parent. (wikipedia.org)
- Five individuals also had interspersed patches of proximal or distal repeat specific DNA sequence indicating potential gene conversion during the exchange of genetic material. (nih.gov)
Autosomal4
- Autosomal dominant is a pattern of inheritance characteristic of some genetic disorders. (genome.gov)
- Huntington's disease is an example of an autosomal dominant genetic disorder. (genome.gov)
- Autosomal recessive is a pattern of inheritance characteristic of some genetic disorders. (genome.gov)
- Sickle cell anemia is an example of an autosomal recessive genetic disorder. (genome.gov)
Recombinant2
- Recombination can be artificially induced in laboratory (in vitro) settings, producing recombinant DNA for purposes including vaccine development. (wikipedia.org)
- The lineage that results from recombination is called a "recombinant. (cdc.gov)
Centromeres1
- The lack of recombination activity in centromeric regions is consistent with the observations of reduced recombination near the centromeres of other organisms. (ox.ac.uk)
Occur1
- Because recombination can occur with small probability at any location along chromosome, the frequency of recombination between two locations depends on the distance separating them. (wikipedia.org)
Events5
- The distributions of the total number of recombination events per gamete, among the eight mothers of the CEPH families, were significantly different, and this variation was not due to maternal age. (nih.gov)
- We confirmed the close relationship of their structural proteins but showed apparent additional recombination events in the 2A gene and 3′UTR of the HRV-Ca strain. (plos.org)
- We detected 638 recombination events and constructed a high-resolution genetic map. (ox.ac.uk)
- Initial phylogenomic analysis of three super-clades (S, V, and G) isolated from the outbreaks of distinct geographic locations (China, USA and Europe) within SARS-CoV-2 showed little evidence of local/regional adaptation, suggesting instead that viral evolution is mainly driven by genetic drift and founder events 7 . (nature.com)
- The name FUS refers to the fact that genetic recombination events result in fusion oncogene proteins (ONCOGENE PROTEINS, FUSION) that contain the N-terminal region of this protein. (bvsalud.org)
Lineages1
- In some cases, a lineage or group of lineages with similar genetic changes, may be designated by the World Health Organization (WHO) or the U.S. SARS-CoV-2 Interagency Group (SIG) as a Variant of Interest (VOI), Variant of Concern (VOC), Variant of High Consequence (VOHC) or Variant Being Monitored (VBM) due to shared attributes and characteristics that may require public health action. (cdc.gov)
Epidemiology1
- Our novel MLST scheme provides an excellent tool for investigating local and short-term epidemiology as well as global epidemiology, population structure, and genetic evolution of E. faecalis. (uax.es)
Quantify1
- Recent case-control studies have used allele counts alone to quantify genetic associations with cancer . (bvsalud.org)
Genetics1
- For an example we need turn only to the previous Nobel Prize in Genetics, awarded to H.J. Muller for his discovery that X-ray irradiation can change the genetic material in living organisms. (nobelprize.org)
Protein1
- The human bone morphogenet ic protein (rhBMP) developed by genetic engineering, was isolated by Urist, in 1965, and it is considered a substance capable of inducing differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into osteoblasts, the cells that are responsible for the synthesis of bone matrix. (bvsalud.org)
Bacteria4
- Genetic recombination and recombinational DNA repair also occurs in bacteria and archaea, which use asexual reproduction. (wikipedia.org)
- Bacterial recombination In Bacteria there are regular bacterial recombination, as well as noneffective transfer of genetic material, expressed as unsuccessful transfer or abortive transfer which is any bacterial DNA transfer of the donor cell to recipients who have set the incoming DNA as part of the genetic material of the recipient. (wikipedia.org)
- Genetic modification of yeast and bacteria differs fundamentally from modification of plants. (i-sis.org.uk)
- For yeast genetic engineering 'shuttle' vectors are used, which are propagated in bacteria for insertion in yeast. (i-sis.org.uk)
Species2
- Without the renewal such a constant recombination of characters involves, an animal or plant species would not be able to survive the struggle for existence. (nobelprize.org)
- My PhD work combined phylogenetic, cytogenetic, and quantitative methods to address the genetic and evolutionary causes of species differences in recombination rate. (jax.org)
Mechanisms1
- Circumstantial evidence pointed to a similarity of the genetic mechanisms throughout the entire plant and animal kingdoms. (nobelprize.org)
Markers1
- We conducted a comparative population genetic analysis of virulent C. homini s subtype IbA10G2 in children living in a periurban community in Lima, Peru, by multilocus sequence typing (MLST) of 32 genetic markers. (cdc.gov)
Immune3
- V(D)J recombination in organisms with an adaptive immune system is a type of site-specific genetic recombination that helps immune cells rapidly diversify to recognize and adapt to new pathogens. (wikipedia.org)
- Over the past few decades, the diverse molecular genetic causes of SCID have been identified with progress from studies of the immune system. (medscape.com)
- With the advances in BMT and gene therapy, patients now have a better likelihood of developing a functional immune system in a previously lethal genetic disease. (medscape.com)
Modification1
- Genetic Modification and Recombination of Salivary Gland Organ Cultures. (albany.edu)
Transcription1
- 16. Review the genetic code, transcription, and translation? (fsu.edu)
Populations1
- This discovery was finally made possible by the availability in recent years of repositories of biological samples and genetic data from different populations around the globe. (sciencedaily.com)
Proteins1
- Genetic material, such as sections of DNA coding for proteins , may be transfected. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Organisms1
- Genetic model organisms. (lu.se)
Sequence3
- and reasons for emergence of virulent subtypes are poorly understood because of availability of only limited genomic sequence data and lack of robust cultivation systems and genetic manipulation tools ( 13 ). (cdc.gov)
- Inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) analysis and aggressiveness assays were used to investigate genetic variability within a global collection of Fusarium culmorum isolates. (reading.ac.uk)
- A codon is a DNA or RNA sequence of three nucleotides (a trinucleotide) that forms a unit of genetic information encoding a particular amino acid. (genome.gov)
Mechanism1
- This demonstrates that recombination is an important mechanism driving genetic variation in E. faecalis and suggests an epidemic population structure for E. faecalis. (uax.es)
Vector1
- Genetic elements are cloned in a suicide vector in a rapid process that omits PCR product purification. (lu.se)
Molecular genetic1
- Gene technology: basic and applied molecular genetic methods. (lu.se)
Results1
- RESULTS: Here, we used a high-density tiling array to estimate the genetic recombination rate among 32 progeny of a P. falciparum genetic cross (7G8 × GB4). (ox.ac.uk)
Generations1
- These segments of low-frequency recombination will eventually recombine like others do but it will take many, many generations. (sciencedaily.com)
Viral1
- Because the term transformation had another sense in animal cell biology (a genetic change allowing long-term propagation in culture, or acquisition of properties typical of cancer cells), the term transfection acquired, for animal cells, its present meaning of a change in cell properties caused by introduction of nucleic acids by non-viral methods. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Strand1
- Recombinases are key enzymes that catalyse the strand transfer step during recombination. (wikipedia.org)
Human2
- 1. Hansman GS, Oka T, Katayama K, Take- sults of a computed tomographic scan da N. Human sapoviruses: genetic diver- of the brain were within normal limits. (cdc.gov)
- In recent years, advances in technology, especially in the fields of genetic engineering, biochemistry, nanotechnologies, and artificial intelligence, have provided human beings with new ways of being, understanding and acting in the world. (bvsalud.org)