Recombination dna single stranded. Medical search. Frequent questions

They have linear, single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) genomes that typically contain two genes encoding for a replication initiator protein, called NS1, and the protein the viral capsid is made of. (wikipedia.org)
These hairpin loops contain most of the cis-acting information required for DNA replication and packaging and act as hinges during replication to change the direction of replication. (wikipedia.org)
When the genome is converted to double-stranded forms, replication origin sites are created involving sequences in and adjacent to the hairpins. (wikipedia.org)
disorders of the DNA replication machinery. (nih.gov)
Homologous recombination (HR) is an essential mechanism for the repair of DNA double-strand breaks and damaged replication forks and is associated with genetic disorders, cancer and aging. (muni.cz)
This function is vital for the processes of replication, transcription, and recombination. (embl.de)
During DNA replication, recombination and DNA repair, double-stranded DNA frequently forms three- or four-way junctions, bubbles, flaps or broken ends with single-stranded extensions. (uu.nl)
Damage to DNA is caused by the incorporation of incorrect nucleotide bases during DNA replication and the chemical changes caused by spontaneous mutation or exposure to environmental factors such as radiation. (news-medical.net)
The third excision mechanism is called mismatch repair and occurs when mismatched bases are incorporated into the DNA strand during replication and are not removed by proofreading DNA polymerase. (news-medical.net)
By understanding the control of the fidelity of DNA replication in normal cells we aim to understand why defects in the proteins involved are associated with cancer. (sheffield.ac.uk)
Understanding of the cellular pathways activated when DNA replication is perturbed. (sheffield.ac.uk)
Halliwell JA, Gravells P & Bryant HE (2020) DNA fiber assay for the analysis of DNA replication progression in human pluripotent stem cells . (sheffield.ac.uk)
Sequence-specific protein recognition of single-stranded nucleic acids is critical for many fundamental cellular processes, such as DNA replication, DNA repair, transcription, translation, recombination, apoptosis and telomere maintenance. (rcsb.org)
The events of meiotic prophase follow a specialized round of DNA replication when the meiotic chromosome axis is formed. (biorxiv.org)
In contrast to the RNA-directed DNA synthesis by telomerase, ALT relies on recombination and replication of telomere DNA to extend telomeres. (massgeneral.org)
The processes that maintain telomeres employ replication protein A (RPA), a single-stranded DNA binding protein. (massgeneral.org)
Dr. Zou and his team had previously investigated the role for RPA at telomeres3 and found that it associated transiently with telomeres during S phase of DNA replication. (massgeneral.org)
The involvement of viral DNA-binding proteins in the regulation of virulence genes, transcription, DNA replication, and repair make them significant targets. (mdpi.com)
Excessive telomere elongation compromises telomere stability and promotes the formation of partially single-stranded telomeric DNA circles (C-circles) in hESCs, suggesting heightened sensitivity of stem cells to replication stress at overly long telomeres. (sens.org)
T opoisomerase enzymes I and II play a critical role in preserving DNA topology by producing transient single- and double-strand DNA breaks that relieve supercoiling during replication, recombination, chromosomal decondensation, and RNA transcription. (cancernetwork.com)
The first DNA polymerase was identified by Arthur Kornberg in 1957 during his studies on the DNA replication mechanism. (news-medical.net)
Around the same time, Kjell Kleppe from Khorana's lab envisioned the use of a two-primer system which might help in desired DNA segment replication, forming an early precursor to PCR. (news-medical.net)
Nucleases play important roles in nucleic acid processes, such as replication, repair and recombination. (proteopedia.org)
Problems that arise during DNA replication can drive genomic alterations that are instrumental in the development of cancers and many human genetic disorders. (elifesciences.org)
Collapsed forks can be rescued by homologous recombination, which restarts replication. (elifesciences.org)
Eukaryotic DNA replication initiates at multiple origin sites along each chromosome and terminates when replication forks (RFs) from adjacent origins converge. (elifesciences.org)
This so-called recombination-dependent replication (RDR) helps ensure that DNA is fully replicated prior to sister chromatid segregation, thereby avoiding mitotic catastrophes. (elifesciences.org)
TOP2A encodes an enzyme which is implicated in almost any process of DNA metabolism including transcription, replication, movement and untangling [ 3 , 8 , 9 ], which catalyze the passage of two DNA duplexes across each other to resolve the entanglements and coiling of cellular DNA [ 10 ]. (jcancer.org)
A key mystery of the DNA replication process has been unraveled by researchers, resolving a long-standing mystery that has clouded our understanding of DNA replication, and also has important implications for all domains of life. (sciencedaily.com)
A key mystery of the DNA replication process has been unraveled by researchers from King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST). (sciencedaily.com)
Before a bacterium can divide, it must make a copy of its genetic material, the circular DNA molecules that resemble bunched rubber bands, through a process called DNA replication. (sciencedaily.com)
To ensure the process is well regulated, the bacterium has set a number of "roadblocks," or termination sites on the DNA, to ensure the permanent stoppage of replication forks, Y-shaped structures formed between the strands as the DNA molecule splits. (sciencedaily.com)
They used single-molecule imaging to record molecular movies that zoomed in with high temporal and spatial resolution on the fate of Escherichia coli replication forks as they approached a termination site from either direction. (sciencedaily.com)
This resolves a long-standing mystery that has clouded our understanding of DNA replication, and also has important implications for all domains of life. (sciencedaily.com)
The communication between molecular motors and double-stranded DNA binding proteins is a common feature in DNA replication, repair, recombination and transcription and also in instances where conflict occurs between these processes. (sciencedaily.com)
DSBs usually act as transcriptional factors to regulate the genes' expressions, while SSBs usually play roles in DNA replication, recombination, and repair, etc. (biomedcentral.com)
SSB binds with ssDNA with high affinity and low specificity, and is mainly involved in DNA replication, recombination and repair. (biomedcentral.com)
John Tainer, founder and PI of the SIBYLS group, now at MD Anderson Cancer Center, will be one of three chairs at the 5th DNA Repair/Replication Structures and Cancer Conference. (lbl.gov)
The native Gene 32 Protein from bacteriophage T4 (T4gp32) is a single-stranded DNA binding protein that is required for T4 DNA replication, recombination and repair. (qiagen.com)
The ability of T4 Gene 32 Protein to enhance the performance of several DNA synthesis-related activities is based on its essential function in the replication of bacteriophage T4. (qiagen.com)
This binding puts these ssDNA sequences into optimal conformations for interacting with DNA polymerases and other replication proteins. (qiagen.com)

Therefore, the conversion of the DSB ends from double-stranded to single-stranded DNA, which is necessary to initiate DSB repair by homologous recombination, is responsible for loss of transcription around a DSB in S. cerevisiae . (elifesciences.org)
The proteins involved in homologous recombination have to work around other processes that go on inside the nucleus, such as the transcription of DNA in genes into RNA molecules. (elifesciences.org)
Previous research has reported that forming a double-strand break in the DNA reduces the levels of transcription for the genes that surround the break, but it was not clear how this occurred. (elifesciences.org)
In mammalian cells, inhibiting the transcription of genes around a double-strand DNA break depends on a signaling pathway that is activated whenever DNA damage is detected. (elifesciences.org)
Instead, the experiments indicate that it is the resection of the DNA around a double-strand break to form single-stranded tails that inhibits transcription in budding yeast. (elifesciences.org)
One of the next challenges will be to see if the resection process makes any contribution to changes in the transcription of genes that surround a double-strand break in mammals as well. (elifesciences.org)
UV light induces the formation of pyrimidine dimers which can distort the DNA chain structure, blocking transcription beyond the area of damage. (news-medical.net)
Transcription-coupled mutagenesis initiates class-switch recombination and somatic hypermutation. (biomedcentral.com)
The process of switch recombination is activated and targeted by the transcription of switch (S) regions, guanine-rich, 2-10 kilobase stretches of DNA located just upstream of those constant regions that participate in switch recombination (Figure 1 ). (biomedcentral.com)
Talazoparib is an inhibitor of mammalian polyadenosine 5'-diphosphoribose polymerases (PARPs), enzymes responsible for regulating essential cellular functions, such as DNA transcription and DNA repair. (drugbank.com)
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) are multifunctional enzymes involved in essential cellular functions, such as DNA transcription and DNA repair. (drugbank.com)
While DSBs involve in binding to particular dsDNA sequences, to modulate the process of transcription, to cleave DNA molecules, or to be involved in chromosome packaging and transcription in the cell nucleus, etc. (biomedcentral.com)
Genetic engineering and genome editing concepts have evolved significantly over the last two decades, with the development of a variety of versatile DNA modulation technologies including zinc finger nucleases, transcription activator-like effector-based nucleases (TALENs), and the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR). (rootsanalysis.com)
Although senataxin's role in cells is not completely understood, it appears to be involved in the production of proteins from genes (transcription), the processing of RNA molecules, and the repair of damaged DNA. (medlineplus.gov)

Emerging evidence indicate that the mammalian checkpoint kinase ATM induces transcriptional silencing in cis to DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) through a poorly understood mechanism. (elifesciences.org)
DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are particularly dangerous for cells, since their inefficient or inaccurate repair can result in deletions and chromosomal translocations that can lead to cancer and/or severe developmental abnormalities in humans. (elifesciences.org)
High-throughput genome-wide translocation sequencing (HTGTS) was developed to identify genomic fragments that translocate to a distinct "bait" fragment associated with DNA double-stranded breaks (DSBs). (aacrjournals.org)
With a single bait primer to linearly amplify across bait-prey junctions for "prey" sequence identification, the linear amplification-mediated HTGTS (LAM-HTGTS) could sensitively detect genome-wide DSBs or translocation in an unbiased way independent of prey sequences. (aacrjournals.org)
The most deleterious DNA damages are double-strand breaks (DSBs), and a single unrepaired DSB can lead to cell death. (utexas.edu)
DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are repaired via homologous recombination by tumour suppressor proteins encoded by BRCA1 and BRCA2 . (drugbank.com)
2 Inhibition of the BER pathway by talazoparib leads to the accumulation of unrepaired SSBs, which leads to the formation of DSBs, which is the most toxic form of DNA damage. (drugbank.com)
While BRCA-dependent homologous recombination can repair DSBs in normal cells, this repair pathway is defective in cells with BRCA1/2 mutations, such as certain tumour cells. (drugbank.com)
DNA binding proteins can be classified into double-stranded DNA binding proteins (DSBs) and single-stranded DNA binding proteins (SSBs), and they take part in different biological functions. (biomedcentral.com)
Accordingly, the DNA binding proteins usually consist of single-stranded DNA-binding proteins (SSBs) and double-stranded DNA-binding proteins (DSBs). (biomedcentral.com)
Using the SURVEYOR nuclease assay 13 , we assessed the ability of each Cas9-sgRNA complex to generate indels in human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293FT cells through the induction of DNA doublestranded breaks (DSBs) and subsequent nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) DNA damage repair (Online Methods). (cdc.gov)

HR repairs DNA damage by copying the correct genetic information from an intact chromosomal template, which is critically dependent on the recombinase RAD51. (muni.cz)
Given the existence of multiple copies of specific RepMPs dispersed across chromosomes, whether other genetic regions showing recombination diversity involved in M. pneumoniae circulation remains unclear. (cdc.gov)
Homologous recombination produces new genetic combinations for evolution and general way to describe the different steps of homologous recombination is a DSBR model. (helsinki.fi)
In 1971, Gobind Khorana, a Nobel Prize winner for his part in the Genetic Code discovery, and his team of researchers started working on DNA repair synthesis. (news-medical.net)
In 1984, Mullis along with the genetic mutation assay team at Cetus started working on experiments that show PCR's ability to amplify genomic DNA. (news-medical.net)
As the genetic material inside every cell nucleus, DNA is indispensable for the maintenance of genetic stability and integrity. (jcancer.org)
Occurs during genetic recombination. (slideshare.net)
Antigenic shifts are probably due to genetic recombination (an exchange of a gene segment) between influenza A viruses that affect humans and/or animals. (cdc.gov)

In the 1970s, scientists discovered a protein, called RecA in bacteria and Rad51 in humans, which binds to the single-stranded DNA, forms an extensive filament and guides it to the right place in the chromosome. (materialstoday.com)
V. cholerae ComEA binds to DNA in vi-vo . (asmblog.org)

BRCA2, it turns out, loads Rad51 - the human equivalent of RecA in bacteria - onto DNA to search the human DNA for the correct region to use for repair. (materialstoday.com)
Next, Rad51 replaces RPA and facilitates strand exchange into a homologous chromosome to resynthesize the missing information in a largely error-free way. (utexas.edu)
results from their study show the importance of the RAD51 nucleoprotein filament conformation for stimulating DNA pairing by BLM . (medscape.com)

Here, I use a combination of ensemble biochemical assays as well as high-throughput single-molecule microscopy to visualize the repair process. (utexas.edu)
stranded DNA molecule, generated by base pairing between complimentary single strands. (slideshare.net)
Double strands derived from different parental duplex molecule. (slideshare.net)
and SSB Protein, which open the strand and migrate each open strand to the other DNA molecule. (slideshare.net)
In this process, the two strands of DNA making up the circular DNA molecule unwind and separate to become templates for generating new strands. (sciencedaily.com)
He noted that the demonstration that the rates of individual enzymes fluctuate during catalysis and that rates can differ among presumably identical enzyme molecules are both novel contributions of single-molecule imaging to biology. (sciencedaily.com)
Using single molecule fluorescence imaging tools with high spatiotemporal resolution we characterized the encounter complex between the RecA filament and dsDNA. (johnshopkins.edu)
Based on the structure of senataxin, researchers believe that it is one of a class of proteins called helicases, which attach to particular regions of DNA or RNA (a chemical cousin of DNA) and temporarily unwind the strands of the molecule. (medlineplus.gov)
Long Single-Molecule Reads Can Resolve the Complexity of the Influenza Virus Composed of Rare, Closely Related Mutant Variants. (cdc.gov)
The virion consists of a single-stranded RNA molecule enclosed by the core membrane and the envelope (E) protein. (who.int)

Predicted to contribute to single-stranded DNA helicase activity. (nih.gov)
In 2001, they demonstrated the technique by filming an enzyme called a helicase at work in real time unwinding the double helix of DNA. (materialstoday.com)
We find that this type of non-canonical fork convergence in fission yeast is prone to trigger deletions between repetitive DNA sequences via a mechanism we call Inter-Fork Strand Annealing (IFSA) that depends on the recombination proteins Rad52, Exo1 and Mus81, and is countered by the FANCM-related DNA helicase Fml1. (elifesciences.org)
In contrast, MRN along with the long-range nuclease Exo1 and helicase BLM digests the DNA to create long 3' single-stranded DNA overhangs, which are rapidly bound by the single-stranded DNA binding protein RPA. (utexas.edu)
Their results showed that efficiency of fork arrest is weakened by kinetic competition between the rate of strand separation by the helicase motor at the fork and the rate of rearrangement of Tus−Ter interactions that maintain Tus's strong grip on the DNA. (sciencedaily.com)
Crystal structure of the Bloom syndrome helicase BLM in complex with DNA (PDB ID: 4CGZ). (medscape.com)
DNA/RNA helicase gene mutations in a form of juvenile amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS4). (medlineplus.gov)
Fogel BL, Perlman S. Novel mutations in the senataxin DNA/RNA helicase domain in ataxia with oculomotor apraxia 2. (medlineplus.gov)

Parvoviruses have linear, single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) genomes that are about 4-6 kilobases (kb) in length. (wikipedia.org)
Upon entry into the cytoplasm, the incoming DNA is bound by single-strand binding protein (Ssb), by DprA ( like Ssb an ssDNA-protecting protein ), and by RecA, thus priming it for recombination. (asmblog.org)
Nucleolytic resection of this end generates the requisite ssDNA tail onto which the recombination proteins can load and drive the restart process ( Berti and Vindigni, 2016 ). (elifesciences.org)
There are two kinds of DNAs, single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and double-stranded DNA (dsDNA). (biomedcentral.com)
By coating these transiently exposed ssDNA sequences, gp32 also protects them from degradation by nucleases while they discharge their templating (and other) functions in association with the leading- and lagging-strand DNA polymerases. (qiagen.com)

We identified a putative recombination block containing 6 genes (MPN366‒371). (cdc.gov)
Here we show that in Saccharomyces cerevisiae a single DSB causes transcriptional inhibition of proximal genes independently of Tel1/ATM and Mec1/ATR. (elifesciences.org)
Activation-induced deaminase (AID) initiates switch recombination and somatic hypermutation of immunoglobulin genes in activated B cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Alterations in homologous recombination repair (HRR) genes, including BRCA1/2 , found in approximately one-quarter of patients with advanced prostate cancer, can sensitise patients to treatment with PARP inhibitors. (esmo.org)
In both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, 'competence' for DNA uptake requires the coordinated action of rough-ly two dozen genes ( including some with regulatory func-tions ) organized within several operons. (asmblog.org)
In vitro , talazoparib caused cytotoxicity in cancer cell lines that harboured defects in DNA repair genes, including BRCA1 and BRCA2. (drugbank.com)
To reduce the risk of analyzing cell line- pathway can be divided into distinct stages based on the specific features, we used several representative cell lines for recombination status of the Ig genes and on the expression each of four major stages in B cell development: pro-B, pre-B, pattern of surface markers and the presence of intracellular proteins [1- 6]. (lu.se)

Here, we report that telomere length is determined by the balance between telomere elongation, which is mediated by telomerase, and telomere trimming, which is controlled by XRCC3 and Nbs1, homologous recombination proteins that generate single-stranded C-rich telomeric DNA and double-stranded telomeric circular DNA (T-circles), respectively. (sens.org)
We found that reprogramming of differentiated cells induces T-circle and single-stranded C-rich telomeric DNA accumulation, indicating the activation of telomere trimming pathways that compensate telomerase-dependent telomere elongation in hiPSCs. (sens.org)
The remainder maintain telomere length with ALT, a pathway based on homologous recombination (a mechanism used for DNA repair). (sens.org)

Genomic DNA strands in mature virions may be positive-sense or negative-sense. (wikipedia.org)
Changes to the structure of DNA can cause mutations and genomic instability, leading to cancer. (news-medical.net)
The repair of damage to both DNA strands is particularly important in maintaining genomic integrity. (news-medical.net)
Alternative joining has an undefined mechanism for repairing double strand breaks but is known to risk genomic integrity by joining end breaks on different chromosomes. (news-medical.net)
BML mutations thus result in defects in DNA repair and genomic instability in the somatic cells, predisposing the patients to cancer development. (medscape.com)

Homologous recombination involves the exchange of nucleotide sequences to repair damaged bases on both strands of DNA through the utilization of a sister chromatid. (news-medical.net)
Classical nonhomologous end joining connects the break ends without a homologous template through the use of short DNA sequences called microhomologies. (news-medical.net)
The RecA/DNA complex has to bump into and sample different stretches of DNA until it finds the right one, but the number of sequences to search is huge - it's like finding the proverbial needle in the haystack. (materialstoday.com)
Dr. Zou and his team postulated that such cancer cell lines were those without active telomerase, relying instead on the ALT pathway, which lengthens telomeres through recombination with telomeric DNA sequences from the same or other chromosomes. (massgeneral.org)
Web-based to query sequences using a k-mer (DNA substring) based algorithm. (cdc.gov)
HuCaT uses an algorithm based on number of matching queries, k-mers are used to calculate the actual matching nucleic acid k-mers (short substrings of DNA [n 9 nt in number of nucleotide sequence matches for type assignment using the HuCaT]) to build alignments between query and reference sequences. (cdc.gov)

One model would be for RecA and its attached single-stranded DNA to slide along the intact duplex DNA until it gets to the right place. (materialstoday.com)
Or, if the DNA is in a coiled up form like a bowl of spaghetti, the RecA/DNA filament might be able to touch several different stretches of DNA simultaneously and thus shorten the time for the search. (materialstoday.com)
Then he added the RecA assembled on single-stranded DNA to the DNA-dumbbells and watched to see how well they attached to the target DNA when it was stretched out, or relaxed and allowed to coil up. (materialstoday.com)
They found that the RecA complex attached most efficiently to the target DNA when it was in a relaxed, coiled form. (materialstoday.com)
The most efficient homology search is when the local DNA density is higher and the RecA-DNA filament can contact more areas of duplex DNA at the same time," Kowalczykowski said. (materialstoday.com)
RecA doesn't slide along the DNA looking for a partner. (materialstoday.com)
During homologous recombination, RecA forms a helical filament on a single stranded (ss) DNA that searches for a homologous double stranded (ds) DNA and catalyzes the exchange of complementary base pairs to form a new heteroduplex. (johnshopkins.edu)

Senataxin plays an essential role with DNA damage response proteins in meiotic recombination and gene silencing. (medlineplus.gov)

The crystal structures of human topoisomerase I comprising the core and carboxyl-terminal domains in covalent and noncovalent complexes with 22-base pair DNA duplexes reveal an enzyme that 'clamps' around essentially B-form DNA. (embl.de)
The core domain and the first eight residues of the carboxyl-terminal domain of the enzyme, including the active-site nucleophile tyrosine-723, share significant structural similarity with the bacteriophage family of DNA integrases. (embl.de)
PARP is a nuclear enzyme essential for single-strand DNA breaks repair. (techscience.com)
This enzyme needed a primer to start copying the template and could create DNA only in one direction. (news-medical.net)
Then Ligase enzyme attaches both open strands. (slideshare.net)

This mechanism requires enzymes to eat away at the end of one of the DNA strands on each side of the double-strand break. (elifesciences.org)
Direct reversal of DNA damage is a mechanism of repair that does not require a template and is applied to two main types of damage. (news-medical.net)
Excision is the general mechanism by which repairs are made when one of the double helix strands is damaged. (news-medical.net)
Nucleotide excision repair is a widespread mechanism for repairing damage to DNA and recognizes multiple damaged bases. (news-medical.net)
The mechanism is prone to error but protects genome integrity from possible chromosomal translocations that can occur through homologous recombination. (news-medical.net)
More importantly, their report mulled over the possibility of a copying mechanism for DNA. (news-medical.net)

The enzymes remove the damaged base forming an AP site which is repaired by AP endonuclease before the nucleotide gap in the DNA strand is filled by DNA polymerase. (news-medical.net)
The process involves the recognition of damage which is then cleaved on both sides by endonucleases before resynthesis by DNA polymerase. (news-medical.net)
However, damaged DNA is repaired involving poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) causing resistance to radiation therapy. (techscience.com)
Compelling evidence now shows that AID travels with RNA polymerase II to deaminate actively transcribed DNA. (biomedcentral.com)
More recently, recombinases have been used in isothermal nucleic acid amplification methods, mainly in recombinase polymerase amplification RPA and strand invasion based amplification SIBA. (helsinki.fi)
This technique sought to simplify gene synthesis by using artificial primers and templates that help DNA polymerase to copy the desired gene segments. (news-medical.net)
Although this technique used DNA polymerase repeatedly, similar to PCR, it employed only a single primer template complex, and exponential amplification was not possible using this technique. (news-medical.net)
In the year 1977, Frederick Sanger identified a DNA sequencing method involving a DNA polymerase, a primer, and nucleotide precursors, for which he was he awarded the Nobel Prize in 1980. (news-medical.net)
He added a second primer to the opposite strand and realized that repeated use of DNA polymerase will trigger a chain reaction that will amplify a specific DNA segment, thus discovering the PCR technology. (news-medical.net)
A major breakthrough in DNA polymerase came along in the year 1969, when Thomas Brock reported the isolation of Thermus aquaticus , a new species of thermophilic bacterium found in the hot springs of Yellowstone National Park. (news-medical.net)
The DNA polymerase from this bacterium, called the Taq Polymerase, could withstand very high temperatures, unlike other polymerases available at that point of time. (news-medical.net)
After a couple of failed attempts to isolate the Taq DNA polymerase, Susanne Stoffel and David Gelfand from Cetus finally isolated it in the fall of 1985, and Randy Saiki's experiments soon after proved that Taq polymerase is ideal for the PCR process. (news-medical.net)
The T4 Gene 32 Protein also stimulates the rate of synthesis of T4 DNA Polymerase on primed-single-stranded substrates showing a 5-10-fold increase in synthesis rate. (qiagen.com)

The T4 Gene 32 Protein is a single-stranded nucleic acid binding protein that has the function of stabilizing single-stranded regions of DNA. (qiagen.com)

That single-stranded DNA then looks for a complementary sequence within an intact chromosome to use as a template to guide the repair. (materialstoday.com)
In the year 1953, Watson and Crick discovered the double-helix structure of the DNA, showing that DNA has two strands with complementary bases running in opposite directions. (news-medical.net)

Breaks that form across both strands in a DNA double helix are considered the most dangerous type of DNA damage, and can cause a cell to die or become cancerous if they are not repaired accurately. (elifesciences.org)
It's been more than 50 years since James Watson and Francis Crick showed that DNA is a double helix of two strands that complement each other. (materialstoday.com)

Telomeres are repetitive noncoding DNA strands at the ends of eukaryotic (plants, animals, etc.) chromosomes. (sens.org)

Studies have also found that double strand breaks can be repaired through alternative mechanisms such as single-stranded annealing and alternative joining during certain conditions. (news-medical.net)
Single-stranded annealing provides end joining between interspersed nucleotide repeats within the genome leading to one copy of the repeat and the intervening sequence being deleted in the process. (news-medical.net)

This phenomenon, termed nucleotide shuffling, may be of general importance in protein recognition of single-stranded nucleic acids. (rcsb.org)
sgRNAs with +67 or +85 nucleotide (nt) tracrRNA tails mediated DNA cleavage at all target sites tested, with up to fivefold higher levels of indels than the corresponding crRNA-tracrRNA duplexes ( Fig. 1b and Supplementary Fig. 1a ). (cdc.gov)
The family Caliciviridae consists of a genetically diverse group of typing of norovirus, short nucleotide regions at the 5'-end of the capsid single-stranded RNA viruses that can be divided into 10 genera [ 1 ]. (cdc.gov)

At the cellular level there are many causes of motor neuron death: DNA mutations, constant oxidative stress, and protein aggregation, among others. (sens.org)
The BLM mutations can be found in compound heterozygous forms, homozygous forms, or as single gene mutation forms. (medscape.com)
Most mutations replace single protein building blocks (amino acids) in senataxin. (medlineplus.gov)

eukaryotic topoisomerase I and topoisomerase V). These enzymes are primarily responsible for relaxing positively and/or negatively supercoiled DNA, except for reverse gyrase, which can introduce positive supercoils into DNA. (embl.de)
Homologous recombination occurs in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells during meiosis crossover and horizontal gene transfer, respectively. (helsinki.fi)

The non-defective strand is used as a template with the damaged DNA on the other strand removed and replaced by the synthesis of new nucleotides. (news-medical.net)
3] This antagonism might be related to topoisomerase I inhibition of DNA synthesis, which is required for the cytotoxic effect of topoisomerase II-induced cleavable complexes. (cancernetwork.com)
Regardless of its precise form, collapse renders the fork incompetent for further DNA synthesis. (elifesciences.org)
The T4 Gene 32 Protein has exhibited an ability to enhance the performance of several DNA synthesis-related activities in secondary-structure rich regions, including PCR amplification and DNA sequencing. (qiagen.com)

In human cells, there exist two canonical pathways of DSB repair: Non-Homologous End Joining (NHEJ) and Homologous Recombination (HR). Two protein complexes that rapidly bind DNA ends coordinate these separate pathways: the Ku70-Ku80 heterodimer (Ku) and the Mre11-Rad50-Nbs1 complex (MRN), respectively. (utexas.edu)
Involved in DNA nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) required for double-strand break repair and V(D)J recombination. (lu.se)

This versatile pathway is able to detect and remove a variety of bulky DNA lesions induced by UV light and environmental carcinogens and thereby maintains genome integrity. (uu.nl)
DNA damage is ubiquitous to all organisms and very complex pathways have evolved to recognize and repair these lesions. (utexas.edu)

MCM8- and MCM9-deficient mice reveal gametogenesis defects and genome instability due to impaired homologous recombination. (nih.gov)
Defects in some proteins associated with DNA repair are associated with an increased risk of cancer - for example BRCA2, the breast cancer gene. (materialstoday.com)

Recently we have implemented an in vitro assay that functionally resembles the DNA repair reaction and assays to study protein-protein and protein-DNA interactions. (uu.nl)
Protein-DNA interactions are essential for many biological processes. (biomedcentral.com)

Inhibiting PARP-1 is lethal in a wide range of cancer cells that lack the homologous recombination repair (HR) pathway. (techscience.com)
Talazoparib is a potent PARP inhibitor and traps PARP on single-strand DNA breaks, preventing DNA repair. (esmo.org)
This ligase complex is critical for DNA single-strand break repair, a key target for PARP inhibitors in cancer cells deficient in homologous recombination. (lbl.gov)

Abstract Ionizing radiation is frequently used to treat solid tumors, as it causes DNA damage and kill cancer cells. (techscience.com)
Machón C Fàbrega-Ferrer M, Zhou D, Cuervo A, Carrascosa JL, Stuart DI, Coll M Abstract Herpesviridae is a vast family of enveloped DNA viruses that includes eight distinct human pathogens, responsible for diseases. (csic.es)

SIBYLS scientist, Michal Hammel, analyzing data collected at the SIBYLS beamline gained insight into the shape and conformational flexibility of the XL as well as XRCC1 and DNA ligase IIIα (LigIIIα) alone. (lbl.gov)
Belongs to the ATP-dependent DNA ligase family. (lu.se)

Homologous recombination' is one of the main mechanisms used by cells to repair DNA double-strand breaks. (elifesciences.org)
There are two main mechanisms for repairing double strand breaks: homologous recombination and classical nonhomologous end joining. (news-medical.net)
Subsequent steps generate single-strand breaks [ 17 ], which become substrates for mutagenic repair or recombination. (biomedcentral.com)
1] The DNA strand breaks are followed by strand passage and reannealing with relief of DNA torsional strain. (cancernetwork.com)
PARPs recognize and repair DNA single-strand breaks (SSBs) via the base excision repair (BER) pathway. (drugbank.com)
[ 7 , 8 ] Sister chromatid exchanges are considered a sensitive indicator for cell genome instability, as they are thought to be the outcome of DNA double-strand breaks resulting from homologous recombination repair. (medscape.com)
Efficiently joins single-strand breaks in a double-stranded polydeoxynucleotide in an ATP-dependent reaction. (lu.se)

Unlike Topo IA enzymes, Topo IB enzymes do not require a single-stranded region of DNA or metal ions for their function. (embl.de)
This entry represents the C-terminal region of DNA topoisomerase I enzymes from eukaryotes (type IB enzymes). (embl.de)
According to their different acting mechanisms, DNA topoisomerases can be classified as type I and type II enzymes [ 3 , 6 ]. (jcancer.org)

High numbers of repetitive DNA elements (RepMPs), designated RepMP1, RepMP2/3, RepMP4, and RepMP5, comprise ≈8% of the M. pneumoniae genome and play essential roles in survival niches of M. pneumoniae by engaging in recombination events to generate surface antigen diversity ( 5 ). (cdc.gov)
In class-switch recombination, regulated DNA deletion replaces one heavy chain constant region with another, changing the antibody's class but not its antigen specificity and thus optimizing clearance of antigen from the body. (biomedcentral.com)

B lymphocytes generate antibodies to neutralize numerous antigens via RAG endonuclease-initiated V(D)J recombination which joins diverse V and D segments into several J segments. (aacrjournals.org)

Upon entry into the periplasm, the incoming DNA is tight-ly bound and compacted by ComEA ( so tightly that ComEA overexpressed in the cytoplasm of E. coli kills the cell by sequestering the nucleoid ), and then shuttled to the ComEC inner membrane-pore complex. (asmblog.org)
The evaluation results on both bound (DNA-bound) and non-bound (DNA-free) proteins have shown the satisfactory performance of our method. (biomedcentral.com)
Our data represents the first example of a DNA bound multi-protein complex which can slide along another DNA to facilitate target search. (johnshopkins.edu)

DNA repair can be divided into a set of mechanisms that identify and correct damage in DNA molecules. (news-medical.net)
The homologous recombination machineries are remarkably complex and synergistic and much is not known about detailed mechanisms for a majority of the species. (helsinki.fi)

At the same time, we sought to identify major putative recombination hot spots on a genome wide scale to comprehensively understand the significance of recombination on the evolutionary dynamics of M. pneumoniae . (cdc.gov)

By unwinding the strands, helicases allow other proteins to reach the strands to perform their function. (medlineplus.gov)

Ren L, Liu J, Gou K, Xing C. Copy number variation and high expression of DNA topoisomerase II alpha predict worse prognosis of cancer: a meta-analysis. (jcancer.org)
TOP2A (DNA topoisomerase II alpha) gene, mapped to chromosome 17q12-q21, covers approximately 27.5 kb and includes 35 exons, encoding a 170 kDa protein [ 7 ]. (jcancer.org)

Piberger AL, Bowry A, Kelly RDW, Walker AK, González-Acosta D, Bailey LJ, Doherty AJ, Méndez J, Morris JR, Bryant HE & Petermann E (2020) PrimPol-dependent single-stranded gap formation mediates homologous recombination at bulky DNA adducts . (sheffield.ac.uk)

In all cells, high-fidelity pathways repair DNA to maintain the integrity of the genome. (biomedcentral.com)

Forget set out to test these ideas by stretching single molecules of duplex DNA between two tiny beads to make a dumbbell shape. (materialstoday.com)
Because of the structure of duplex DNA, it inevitably leads the consequences of the topology such as supercoils [ 2 ]. (jcancer.org)

Then, once it reaches the end, MRN removes DNA-PK and recruits Exo1 and BLM in order to promote long-range digestion of the DNA. (utexas.edu)

Double-stranded endonuclease activity was determined in a 50 μL reaction containing 0.5 μg of plasmid DNA and 10 μL of protein solution incubated for 4 hours at 37°C. (qiagen.com)

P1 adhesin causes antigenic variation between clinical strains as a result of homologous recombination between RepMP2/3 and RepMP4 domains located within their open reading frames and at repetitive DNA elements at other sites in the bacterial genome ( 8 ). (cdc.gov)

Forget and Kowalczykowski used technology developed in Kowalczykowski's lab over the past 20 years to trap lengths of DNA and watch, in real time, as the proteins involved in copying and repairing DNA do their work. (materialstoday.com)

Somatic hypermutation alters variable region sequence, and switch recombination joins a new constant region (Cγ1) to the expressed variable region, producing an extrachromosomal DNA circle (bottom), which contains the deleted region. (biomedcentral.com)

Recently, we identified a novel single-strand specific 3'-5' exonuclease, PfuExo I, from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus, which may be involved in the Thermococcales-specific DNA repair system. (proteopedia.org)
Single-stranded exonuclease activity was determined in a 50 μL reaction containing a radiolabeled single-stranded DNA substrate and 10 μL of solution incubated for 4 hours at 37°C. (qiagen.com)

These single-stranded DNA 'tails' are then free to interact with an intact copy of the same DNA sequence from elsewhere in the cell's nucleus, which is used as a guide when repairing the damage. (elifesciences.org)
But how this search for DNA sequence compatibility works has been unclear. (materialstoday.com)
We find that SpCas9 tolerates mismatches between guide RNA and target DNA at different positions in a sequence-dependent manner, sensitive to the number, position and distribution of mismatches. (cdc.gov)

PfuExo I forms a trimer and cleaves single-stranded DNA at every two nucleotides. (proteopedia.org)

How can one double-stranded DNA break find its match in an entire genome, five billion base pairs in humans? (materialstoday.com)
Although it has been supplanted by double strand break model, it provides a base for understanding. (slideshare.net)

This region covers both the catalytic core and the DNA-binding domains. (embl.de)
We have previously determined the structure of various domains within this family and characterized how these proteins heterodimerize, how they bind to DNA but the catalytic reaction remains elusive and what determines the preferential heterodimer formation is also not known. (uu.nl)

Anatomy5

Organisms3

Diseases2

Chemicals and Drugs29

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment10

Phenomena and Processes50

Information Science4

Replication41

Transcription14

DSBs11

Genetic8

Binds2

RAD513

Molecule10

Helicase8

SsDNA5

Genes7

Telomere3

Genomic5

Sequences6

RecA7

Meiotic1

Enzyme5

Mechanism6

Polymerase13

Nucleic acid1

Complementary2

Double helix2

Telomeres1

Annealing2

Nucleotide3

Mutations3

Eukaryotic2

Synthesis4

NHEJ2

Lesions2

Defects2

Interactions2

PARP3

Abstract2

Ligase2

Breaks7

Enzymes3

Antigen2

Generate1

Bound3

Mechanisms2

Genome wide1

Helicases1

Topoisomerase2

Bulky1

Pathways1

Duplex2

Exo11

Endonuclease1

Repetitive1

Proteins involved1

Somatic1

Exonuclease2

Sequence3

Cleaves1

Break2

Catalytic2