Recombination between bacterial chromosome. Medical search. Frequent questions

Integrons are DNA elements capable of mobilizing individual gene cassettes into bacterial chromosomes by site-specific recombination. (cdc.gov)
In Escherichia coli and related bacteria, we believe that both plasmids and the bacterial chromosome use site-specific recombination to convert multimers to monomers. (gla.ac.uk)
The replication terminus region of the E. coli chromosome encodes a locus, dif, that is required for normal chromosome segregation at cell division, dif is a substrate for site-specific recombination catalysed by the related chromosomally encoded recombinases XerC and XerD. (gla.ac.uk)
Since neither the dif/Xer, nor the loxP/Cie system caused this suppression when located in other positions on the chromosome, close to oriC or within lacZ, this reinforces the idea that site-specific recombination must occur in the terminus region in order to allow normal chromosome segregation. (gla.ac.uk)
The system makes use of site-specific recombination reactions carried out by bacteriophage integrases to combine plasmids at as much as eight phage attachment websites in E. coli MG1655. (bioconstructor.com)
Site-specific recombination. (nih.gov)

Recombineering techniques have been developed to modify bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs) via bacterial homologous recombination systems, simplifying the molecular manipulations of large DNA constructs. (psu.edu)
This involved multiplexing pools of bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs) that had been manually prepared. (genomeweb.com)
Here, we use whole genome sequencing and mapping with bacterial artificial chromosomes (BAC) to understand how gene arrangement leads to the morphological, behavioral, and physiological differences exhibited by two morphs of the white-throated sparrow (Zonotrichia albicollis). (kent.ac.uk)

Any number of homologous recombination events between linear homologous chromosomes generates linear products that have the same overall structure as their parents. (gla.ac.uk)
I think you nicely laid out the three most reasonable definitions of ploidy, but Dana also points out that the classical use of diploid (as with most eukaryotes) defies each of these definitions because it infers the acquisition of unique but homologous chromosomes from each parent. (asmblog.org)
The authors deliberately induced a single DSB in one of the homologous chromosomes in a diploid yeast strain and achieved homologous recombination-based "loss of heterozygosity" events within 20 kb of the target site. (life-science-alliance.org)

We employed GalK recombination-mediated genetic engineering (recombineering) of MVA-BAC to delete five selected viral genes. (ox.ac.uk)
The BAC mediated homologous recombination technique is based upon the Red/GET recombination, in which the bacteriophage recombination genes are genetically engineered in E. coli to efficiently manipulate the BAC containing gene of interest with ease in short period of time. (hsp-info.de)
Even in this situation, unless the recombination system is mutated, distinct alleles of genes on the two copies rapidly undergo gene conversion ( homogenotization ) resulting in two identical copies. (asmblog.org)
For example the head and tail synthesis, replication and recombination genes are arranged in four distinct clusters. (biologydiscussion.com)
They are not part of the main chromosome of the cell, but they can replicate independently and carry genes that may confer some advantages to the host organism. (stemcelldaily.com)
This is critically important information for plant breeding where it is often difficult to select the specific genes in the middle of these gene-dense low recombination regions. (genomeweb.com)
The realization of the vastness of bacterial diversity and the development of novel experimental techniques have propelled molecular microbiology into a new era of investigation This course provides insights into how genes are organized and regulated in bacteria and in their viruses. (lu.se)
Noise reduction strategies in metagenomic chromosome confirmation capture to link antibiotic resistance genes to microbial hosts. (cdc.gov)
This rearrangement process requires the recombination activating genes RAG1 and RAG2, which are controlled by IL-7 and perhaps other factors. (medscape.com)

From Texas A&M University, Blanca Lupiani reported that she and her colleagues recently showed that insertion of LTR (long term repeat) sequences into the CVI988 resulted in the generation of CVRM, a virus with similar protective efficacy.The CVRM virus was cloned as a bacterial artificial chromosome, by insertion of mini-F sequences into the US2 gene by homologous recombination. (thepoultrysite.com)
For this purpose, the VP2 gene of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) was cloned into CVRM genome by recombination. (thepoultrysite.com)
The differences in population structure may result from among-replicon differences in the extent of horizontal gene transfer, although given limited recombination of the chromosome, different levels of purifying or positive selection may also contribute to among-replicon differences. (datadryad.org)
To generate loss of function knockout mouse we will use gene-targeting technology to disturb the endogenous Zfyve27 gene of the mouse through homologous recombination in embryonic stem (ES) cells. (hsp-info.de)
It may be that the ability of bacterial chromosomes to quickly undergo gene amplification in response to environmental selection is an effective alternative to the stable maintenance of one copy of each chromosome from both parents - seemingly different processes that are both effective solutions to the demands of evolution. (asmblog.org)
To generate temporally-controlled targeted somatic mutations selectively and efficiently in smooth muscles, we have established a transgenic SMA-Cre-ER(T2) mouse line in which the expression of the Tamoxifen-dependent Cre-ER(T2) recombinase is under the control of a large genomic DNA segment of the mouse smooth muscle alpha actin (SMA) gene, contained in a Bacterial artificial chromosome (Bac). (hal.science)
To directly compare the specificity and efficacy of different Cre lines in mediating adipocyte specific recombination, transgenic Cre lines driven by the adipocyte protein 2 (aP2) and adiponectin (Adipoq) gene promoters, as well as a tamoxifen-inducible Cre driven by the aP2 gene promoter (iaP2), were bred to the Rosa26R (R26R) reporter. (diabetesjournals.org)
Bacterial transduction, or simply transduction, is a type of gene transfer where a bacterium transfers its dna or a portion of it to another bacterium that is not its offspring by using a virus as a vector. (web.app)
The most common mechanism for horizontal gene transmission among bacteria, especially from a donor bacterial species to different recipient species, is conjugation. (web.app)
For instance, the research team found that contrary to previous assumptions, gene-rich areas are not found only in high recombination regions. (genomeweb.com)
It is true that high recombination regions that are out near the telomeres are gene rich," said Close. (genomeweb.com)
But now we see that there are gene-rich regions that are in low recombination regions. (genomeweb.com)
We then used high-resolution BAC mapping to anchor the genome, and in doing so we were able to identify the breakpoint in this chromosome as well as several other smaller rearrangements of gene order. (kent.ac.uk)
The formation of bla IMP−1 -carrying ICE 1276, its further integration into the chromosomes, and transposition and recombination of other elements promote bacterial gene accumulation and transmission. (figshare.com)

Compatibility of plasmids - this refers to the ability of two different plasmids to coexist in the same bacterial cell. (stemcelldaily.com)
Plasmids replicate with the bacterial chromosome. (nursingtermpaper.com)

The production, manipulation and rescue of a bacterial artificial chromosome clone of Vaccinia virus (VAC-BAC) in order to expedite construction of expression vectors and mutagenesis of the genome has been described (Domi & Moss, 2002, PNAS99 12415-20). (ox.ac.uk)
Here we use whole-genome resequencing of a hierarchically-structured sample of 191 strains of Sinorhizobium meliloti collected from 21 locations in southern Europe to characterize the population structures of this bacterial symbiont and its host plant Medicago truncatula . (datadryad.org)
The term merodiploid was coined to describe situations where two copies of a region of the bacterial genome are present in a single bacterium. (asmblog.org)
In order to gain insight into the chromosomal distribution of LTR-retrotransposons in the rice genome, a detailed examination of LTR-retrotransposon sequences on Chromosome 10 was carried out. (biomedcentral.com)
Genome editing is achieved by precisely targeting the nuclease activity of a modified bacterial protein (Cas9) via a user-defined guide RNA to a specific DNA sequence ( 1 ). (life-science-alliance.org)
PanGraph: scalable bacterial pan-genome graph construction. (cdc.gov)

It is shown that the only DNA sequences required for wild-type dif function in the terminus region of the chromosome are contained within 33 bp known to bind XerC and XerD, and that certain active site residues of the Xer proteins known to be involved in the catalysis of recombination are required for normal chromosome segregation. (gla.ac.uk)
With this term he emphasized that prokaryotic chromosome segregation differs fundamentally from that of eukaryotes in that it prevents the maintenance of genetically heterozygous lines, even in polyploid cells . (asmblog.org)
The ParB protein forms DNA bridging interactions around parS to condense DNA and earmark the bacterial chromosome for segregation. (elifesciences.org)

Bacterial conjugation is genetic recombination in which there is a transfer of. (web.app)
Oct 12, 2018 genetic recombination strategies of bacteria conjugation, transduction and transformation. (web.app)
Conjugation in bacteria pdf bsc 3rd semester pdf conjugation in bacteri a recombination is a process in which genetic recombination occurs in the bacterial cell. (web.app)
promote genetic recombination in bacteria. (nursingtermpaper.com)

The 12 nucleotides of cohesive ends and process of circularization are shown in Fig. 18.11B-C. The events of circularization occurs after injection of phage DNA into E.coli cell where the bacterial enzyme, i.e. (biologydiscussion.com)
In addition, the lysogenic cycle results in integration of phage DNA with bacterial chromosome and becomes a part of host DNA. (biologydiscussion.com)
The phage DNA integrated with bacterial chromosome is called prophage. (biologydiscussion.com)
Here, we describe a new recombineering strategy for the replacement of large DNA fragments using the commonly utilized phage/Red recombination host system. (psu.edu)

Given the urgent need for new antibiotics to combat drug-resistant bacteria, it is logical to evaluate whether or not unexploited bacterial processes, such as orisome assembly, should be more closely examined for sources of novel drug targets. (mdpi.com)
Although I bet as we learn about more and more bacteria, we may well come up with an exception like we have to the dogma that "bacteria do not have chromosome structure, do not have poly-A tails on mRNA, do not have introns", etc. (asmblog.org)
Recombination in bacteria transformation, transduction and. (web.app)
In transformation, bacteria pick dna from the environment, from different sources mostly from dead bacterial cells, when the growth conditions are favorable. (web.app)
Often starting as a phagosome in the endocytic compartment, these bacteria-occupied vacuoles transition into organelles with novel molecular features via remodeling of host proteins and lipids through the highly coordinated actions of bacterial factors [3] [5] . (microbialcell.com)

Linear chromosomes, for example those of eukaryotes, have evolved mechanisms to ensure that chromosome ends are protected from exonucleolytic attack and can be replicated completely. (gla.ac.uk)
Dana Boyd pointed out that in prokaryotes the term refers to sets of identical chromosomes, unlike in eukaryotes, where each chromosome of a set is usually different. (asmblog.org)
However, conclusive data of such recombination events in higher eukaryotes are lacking. (life-science-alliance.org)

Next, I produced transgenic mice carrying cre driven by mouse Ins1 using a bacterial artificial chromosome （BAC）construct. (docksci.com)
Additional traditional technologies we offer to staff, faculty, and external researchers are the production of transgenic mice by pronuclear injection of plasmid DNA or bacterial artificial chromosome DNA and the production of ESC chimeras by blastocyst injection. (nyu.edu)
In this transgenic mouse line, Cre-ER(T2)-mediated recombination of LoxP-flanked target DNA is strictly Tamoxifen-dependent, and efficient in both vascular and visceral smooth muscle cells. (hal.science)

Copy number - the copy number refers to the number of copies of plasmid present in the bacterial cell. (stemcelldaily.com)
Single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing was carried out on strain 18091276 to obtain the complete chromosome and plasmid (pCN1276) sequences, and average nucleotide identity (ANI) was used for precise species identification. (figshare.com)

After the sequencing was done, the researchers used the Velvet assembler to reassemble the BACs and then used CLARK , a supervised classification method, to assign the reassembled BACs to chromosome arms. (genomeweb.com)

As evaluated by co-immunoprecipitation experiments, the dsDNA recombination function relates to the Redα-Redβ protein-protein interaction, which requires not only contacts in the C-terminal domain but also a region near the N-terminus. (nature.com)
Also, they share a similar protein architecture based on an N-terminal ssDNA binding domain of ~180 amino acids and a C-terminal extension that in the case of RAD52 is required for homologous recombination (HR) through specific protein-protein interactions 6 . (nature.com)

According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), antibiotics are compounds that are used to treat and prevent bacterial infections. (starhealth.in)
Antibiotics are used to treat or prevent bacterial infections, [29] and sometimes protozoan infections . (wikipedia.org)

Many bacterial symbionts have genomes comprised of multiple replicons with distinct rates of evolution and horizontal transmission. (datadryad.org)
Such differences might drive differences in population structure between hosts and symbionts and among the elements of the divided genomes of bacterial symbionts. (datadryad.org)
All bacterial cells must duplicate their genomes prior to dividing into two identical daughter cells. (mdpi.com)

The creation and isolation of specific mutants is a cornerstone of bacterial genetics. (lu.se)

Diploid organisms have one chromosome from each parent. (asmblog.org)
The authors explain how a mutation in a eukaryotic diploid cell is maintained as a heterozygous cell line because during mitosis all pairs of sister chromosomes (chromatids) become aligned and separated together in a plane perpendicular to the division plane making that every daughter cell inherits the mutation. (asmblog.org)

It is also shown that recombination by the loxP/Cre system of bacteriophage PI will suppress the phenotype of a dif deletion strain when loxP is inserted in the terminus region. (gla.ac.uk)

In addition, the aP2-Cre line can lead to germline recombination of floxed alleles in ∼2% of spermatozoa. (diabetesjournals.org)

Morph is determined by the presence or absence of a large rearrangement, which limits recombination of the second autosome. (kent.ac.uk)

Single strand annealing proteins (SSAPs) like Redβ initiate homologous recombination by annealing complementary DNA strands. (nature.com)
As opposed to single strand (ss) DNA binding proteins such as SSB and RPA, which protect and occlude ssDNA from recombination, RAD52/Redβ SSAPs promote recombination and share several biochemical similarities. (nature.com)
Chromosome replication is triggered when a nucleoprotein complex, termed the orisome, assembles, unwinds the duplex DNA, and recruits the proteins required to establish new replication forks. (mdpi.com)

It is the body's first-line defense against many bacterial pathogens. (medscape.com)

It replicates along with bacterial chromosome and is inherited into progenies. (biologydiscussion.com)
Legionella pneumophila is an accidental human bacterial pathogen that infects and replicates within alveolar macrophages causing a severe atypical pneumonia known as Legionnaires' disease. (microbialcell.com)

It has been proposed that this recombination converts chromosome multimers formed by homologous recombination back to monomers in order that they can be segregated prior to cell division. (gla.ac.uk)

Chromosomal inversions are thought to lead to adaptation and speciation as they reduce recombination thereby protecting favorable genetic linkages. (kent.ac.uk)

It is widely used against bacterial species like gram-positive cocci, gram-positive rods and gram-negative cocci. (starhealth.in)
Cephalosporins are beta-lactam antibiotics that are used to treat gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial infections. (starhealth.in)
Conjugation has been shown to occur in many bacterial species especially the gram negative organisms. (web.app)

In sexually reproducing organisms, crossing-over events and independent assortment of individual chromosomes during meiosis contribute to genetic diversity in the population. (pressbooks.pub)

Macromolecular synthesis (chromosome structure, cell division and its control). (lu.se)

They target bacterial species and effectively treat infections. (starhealth.in)
However, the bacterial species have developed a resistance to tetracyclines, according to data published in an NCBI article. (starhealth.in)
Exchange of genetic material between bacterial species is mediated by the basic processes of conjugation, transduction and transformation. (web.app)
Additional reports suggest that recombination in mitotic cells is not restricted to yeast but may also occur in other species such as houseflies ( 27 ) and tomatoes ( 28 ). (life-science-alliance.org)
Current estimates of the number of bacterial species range from 1 to 1000 million. (lu.se)

26 ) leveraged the CRISPR-Cas9 system to produce other chromosomal rearrangements, generating targeted mitotic recombination events in yeast to enable the fine mapping of trait variants. (life-science-alliance.org)

Tetracyclines are broad-spectrum antibiotics that are used to treat various bacterial infections. (starhealth.in)
Cephalosporins are used to treat skin infections, meningitis and other bacterial-resistant infections. (starhealth.in)
It is the most important type of antibacterial agent for fighting bacterial infections , and antibiotic medications are widely used in the treatment and prevention of such infections. (wikipedia.org)
SARS-CoV-2 Co-Infections and Recombinations Identified by Long-Read Single-Molecule Real-Time Sequencing. (cdc.gov)
[ 16 ] Bacterial infections are more frequent than viral infections. (medscape.com)

The antibiotics function by inhibiting cell reproduction, destroying bacterial cells, or altering a necessary cellular function within the cell. (starhealth.in)
b) In transduction, a bacteriophage injects DNA that is a hybrid of viral DNA and DNA from a previously infected bacterial cell. (pressbooks.pub)
To track differentiating cell populations, reporter cell lines generated by homologous recombination (knock-in) or via BAC transgenes have been widely used in mouse cells (5-8 ). (lu.se)

Minimum bacteriocidal concentration is the concentration of the antibiotic that can reduce the bacterial density by 1000 folds at 24 hours. (starhealth.in)

Explain why a secondary antibody response to an antigen may prevent a bacterial or viral disease when the primary adaptive immune response to that antigen did not protect the person from the disease. (nursingtermpaper.com)

This was particularly true for the two symbiosis elements pSymA and pSymB, which have population structures that are similar to each other, but distinct from both the bacterial chromosome and the host plant. (datadryad.org)

Reporter signals after cre-loxP recombination were detected in pancreatic beta cells of both F 1 mice, but not in other cells. (docksci.com)
R26GRR x C57BL/6J-Ins1em1（cre）Utr F1 mice were histologically characterized and cre-loxP recombination was observed in all pancreatic islets examined in which almost all insulin-positive cells showed red fluorescence. (docksci.com)

The Adipoq-Cre exhibited no observable recombination in any other tissues examined, whereas both aP2-Cre lines resulted in recombination in endothelial cells of the heart and nonendothelial, nonmyocyte cells in the skeletal muscle. (diabetesjournals.org)
Here we investigated the link between cellular cholesterol and L. pneumophila intracellular replication and discovered that disruption of cholesterol biosynthesis or cholesterol trafficking lowered bacterial replication in infected cells. (microbialcell.com)

However, regions of bacterial chromosomes undergo duplications at a very high frequency, and once duplicated these regions can be further amplified to high levels. (asmblog.org)

We show that C-terminally truncated Redβ, whilst still able to promote annealing and nucleoprotein filament formation, is unable to mediate homologous recombination. (nature.com)

Ubiquitous and local cre-loxP recombination was demonstrated by observing fluorescence in tissues of R26GRR x Ayu1-cre and R26GRR x Tei2-cre progeny, respectively. (docksci.com)

Obviously, the initiation of chromosome replication is essential to bacterial reproduction, but this process is not inhibited by any of the currently-used antimicrobial agents. (mdpi.com)

The distribution of elements across chromosome 10 is non-random with the highest density (48 elements per Mb) being present in the pericentric region. (biomedcentral.com)

The left operon is associated with integration and recombination events of lysognic cycle. (biologydiscussion.com)
Here, we show that in Drosophila , the detected Cas9-mediated editing events frequently resulted in germline-transmitted exchange of chromosome arms-often without indels. (life-science-alliance.org)

These differences might, in turn, shape the evolution of symbiotic interactions and bacterial evolution. (datadryad.org)

are as large as the bacterial chromosome. (nursingtermpaper.com)

Conversely, bacterial growth within cholesterol-leaden macrophages was enhanced. (microbialcell.com)

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