AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesInformation Science
Transcription Termination, GeneticTerminator Regions, GeneticRho FactorTranscription, GeneticTranscription FactorsBase SequenceMolecular Sequence DataEscherichia coliDNA-Directed RNA PolymerasesOperonRecombinant ProteinsRNA, MessengerAmino Acid SequenceNucleic Acid ConformationPeptide Chain Termination, TranslationalRNA Polymerase IIPromoter Regions, GeneticMutationRNA, BacterialPlasmidsPoly CCloning, MolecularBinding SitesGene Expression RegulationNucleoside-TriphosphataseProtein BindingPolyadenylationBacteriophage HK022Cell LineGenes, RegulatorRNA 3' End ProcessingPeptide Termination FactorsRNATemplates, GeneticRecombinant Fusion ProteinsBacteriophage lambdaDNA-Binding ProteinsGene Expression Regulation, BacterialGenesBacterial ProteinsCodon, TerminatorDNAGenes, BacterialRNA, RibosomalmRNA Cleavage and Polyadenylation FactorsSaccharomyces cerevisiaeBasic-Leucine Zipper Transcription FactorsPoly ASaccharomyces cerevisiae ProteinsDNA, RecombinantHeLa CellsNuclear ProteinsRNA-Binding ProteinsSp1 Transcription FactorRNA Polymerase IIIRNA, ViralTranscription Initiation SiteRNA Polymerase IRestriction MappingVaccinia virusRNA PrecursorsProtein BiosynthesisRegulatory Sequences, Nucleic AcidDNA Restriction EnzymesDNA, BacterialGene Expression Regulation, ViralEscherichia coli ProteinsSequence Homology, Amino AcidRNA Processing, Post-TranscriptionalTransfectionTranscriptional ActivationKineticsTryptophanaseTrans-ActivatorsModels, GeneticRiboswitchTryptophanCell NucleusSequence DeletionProtein Structure, TertiaryCells, CulturedPeptide Elongation Factors3' Flanking RegionGenes, ReporterInosine TriphosphateBacillus subtilisAdenosine TriphosphatasesDNA, RibosomalRepressor ProteinsNucleic Acid HybridizationGene Expression Regulation, FungalSequence AlignmentGalactokinaseRNA, Transfer, LeuExoribonucleasesSequence Homology, Nucleic AcidViral ProteinsGenetic VectorsBicyclo Compounds, HeterocyclicSignal Transduction
ProteinsProteinProduce recombinantMitochondrial transcriptionTranscriptionalGenesRecombinationElongationGene expressionPromotersVaccinesNucleotidesExpressionVitroPromoterSequencesEukaryoticSuppressionFactorsVaccinePrinciplesPlasmidCodeSynthesisChromosomalOccursReactionsInheritanceMolecularTechnologyFactorChromosomeEngineeringCellsMethodsImportantResultHost
Proteins8
  • As shown in these studies, a termination sequence between the closely spaced human complement genes C2 and Factor B contains a protein binding site which interacts with three different proteins in vitro. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The DNA is injected into the body and taken up by cells, whose normal metabolic processes synthesize proteins based on the genetic code in the plasmid that they have taken up. (wikipedia.org)
  • Codon preference (codon usage bias) differs in each organism, and it can create challenges for expressing recombinant proteins in heterologous expression systems, resulting in low and unreliable expression. (thermofisher.com)
  • In a first-of-its-kind study [ 1 ], five important protein classes were selected for optimization: protein kinases, transcription factors, ribosomal proteins, cytokines, and membrane proteins. (thermofisher.com)
  • Expression of recombinant proteins using bacterial, animal and plant vectors. (aadharinstitute.com)
  • Chemical or genetic engineering of proteins provides great potential to study protein function and pharmacology or to generate proteins with novel properties. (biorxiv.org)
  • Our methods can be used to understand the lipid specificities of all yeast SNX-BARs or to produce recombinant SNX-BAR proteins from any other organism. (jove.com)
  • The heterochromatin-enriched HP1 proteins play a critical role in regulation of transcription. (cipsm.de)
Protein12
  • The zinc finger protein MAZ, originally identified as a factor that binds to the c-myc P2 promoter, is associated with transcriptional termination. (ox.ac.uk)
  • DNA vaccines are members of the genetic vaccines, because they contain a genetic information (DNA or RNA) that codes for the cellular production (protein biosynthesis) of an antigen. (wikipedia.org)
  • Because the plasmid - carrying relatively small genetic code up to about 200 Kbp - is the "vehicle" from which the immunogen is expressed, optimising vector design for maximal protein expression is essential. (wikipedia.org)
  • Rationally weighing the combination of the optimization parameters (e.g., codon adaptation, mRNA de novo synthesis and stability, transcription and translation efficiency) is important in order to achieve the most efficient expression of a given protein. (thermofisher.com)
  • The SAD1/RAD53 protein kinase controls multiple checkpoints and DNA damage-induced transcription in yeast. (academicinfluence.com)
  • In one embodiment, the present invention relates to a recombinant protein having a protein comprising at least a portion of the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:2. (justia.com)
  • 2001. Recombinant Mycobacterium tuberculosis protein associated with mammalian cell entry. . (cornell.edu)
  • The transcription process, including the role of messenger RNA and Enzymes, will also be highlighted in the study to understand the process of protein synthesis. (nativeassignmenthelp.co.uk)
  • Genetic Control of Protein Production in Prokaryotic as per the Lac Operon and the effects of mutation on amino acid sequences of polypeptide and explanation of the results will also be discussed in the study. (nativeassignmenthelp.co.uk)
  • Not only does RNA translate the genetic code decoding it into protein, but it also has various catalytic and regulatory functions yet to be completely elucidated. (datexis.com)
  • Recombinant vaccines, made by combining DNA for making hemagglutinin (a surface protein and antigen found on influenza viruses) with a baculovirus, a virus that infects invertebrates. (anthonycolpo.com)
  • Expression of the L1 protein using recombinant DNA technology produces noninfectious virus-like particles (VLPs). (cdc.gov)
Produce recombinant1
  • citation needed] In 1983, Enzo Paoletti and Dennis Panicali at the New York Department of Health devised a strategy to produce recombinant DNA vaccines by using genetic engineering to transform ordinary smallpox vaccine into vaccines that may be able to prevent other diseases. (wikipedia.org)
Mitochondrial transcription3
  • The human mitochondrial transcription machinery generates the RNA primers needed for initiation of heavy strand DNA synthesis. (nih.gov)
  • We here use a purified recombinant mitochondrial transcription system and demonstrate that conserved sequence box II is a sequence-dependent transcription termination element in vitro. (nih.gov)
  • The Chlamydomonas reinhardtii mutant stm6 is devoid of the mitochondrial transcription termination factor MOC1 and aberrantly expresses the mitochondrial genome, resulting in enhanced photosynthetic hydrogen production and diminished light tolerance. (univr.it)
Transcriptional2
  • We propose that MAZ sites exist in promoters which require protection against transcriptional interference, such as those of closely spaced genes, to cause efficient termination. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Plasmids also include a strong polyadenylation/transcriptional termination signal, such as bovine growth hormone or rabbit beta-globulin polyadenylation sequences. (wikipedia.org)
Genes5
  • MAZ-dependent termination between closely spaced human complement genes. (ox.ac.uk)
  • This allowed identification of new sites, between the closely spaced human genes g11 and C4 and within an intron of the mouse IgM-D gene, where termination is known to occur and regulate the expression of IgD. (ox.ac.uk)
  • As recombinant genes, we transfected it linear to correspond the who will do the science we did, nearly we remained to be a statistical Open Access correlation that is the calculating regression for men across the difference. (naturheilpraxis-gisbert-fussek.de)
  • Control of gene expression at transcription and translation level (regulating the expression of phages, viruses, prokaryotic and eukaryotic genes, role of chromatin in gene expression and gene silencing). (aadharinstitute.com)
  • The genetic basis of the changes associated with the establishment of AM has been addressed with two complementary approaches: (i) Forward genetic screens to identify genes required for symbiosis, and (ii) transcript profiling to identify AM-induced genes followed by reverse genetic analysis of their function by gene knockouts or gene silencing. (frontiersin.org)
Recombination1
  • DSBs not only ensue from normal cellular metabolism, in the form of reactive oxygen species that can oxidize DNA bases [ 1 , 2 ], but can also be generated during physiological processes like chromosome replication, meiotic recombination and DNA replication transcription collision [ 3 - 7 ]. (springeropen.com)
Elongation1
  • The chain termination method requires a single-stranded DNA template,a DNA primer,a DNA polymerase, radioactively or fluorescently labelled nucleotides,and modified nucleotides that terminate DNA strand elongation. (michaelperes.com)
Gene expression1
  • Our GeneOptimizer algorithm enables true multiparametric optimization, dealing with a large number of sequence-related parameters involved in different aspects of gene expression, such as transcription, splicing, translation, and mRNA degradation. (thermofisher.com)
Promoters1
  • He requires an Bis(s) in longitudinal, observed, available and recent derivatives, in joint Agreement and unobserved sites of selectable students, in recombinant shows between free promoters. (scoutconnection.com)
Vaccines1
  • The unprecedently speedy development of mRNA vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was enabled with previous innovations in nucleoside modifications during in vitro transcription and lipid nanoparticle delivery materials of mRNA. (mdpi.com)
Nucleotides3
  • 2016). Further, it is crucial to avoid shRNAs containing a poly(T) tract longer than four nucleotides, as this could lead to premature shRNA termination (TRC library shRNA are pre-screened to avoid this problem). (berterolab.com)
  • The technical variations of chain termination sequencing include tagging with nucleotides containing radioactive phosphorus for labelling, or using a primer labelled at the 5' end with a fluorescent dye. (michaelperes.com)
  • A codon is a DNA or RNA sequence of three nucleotides (a trinucleotide) that forms a unit of genetic information encoding a particular amino acid. (genome.gov)
Expression1
  • Abrupt expression of TLR4 in TLR4-deficient macrophages imposes a selective disadvantage: genetic evidence for TLR4-dependent responses to endogenous, nonmicrobial stimuli. (cornell.edu)
Vitro1
  • Here, we review the structural elements required for designing mRNA vaccine constructs for effective in vitro synthetic transcription reactions. (mdpi.com)
Promoter3
  • Transcription from the light strand promoter is prematurely terminated at positions 300-282 in the mitochondrial genome, which coincide with the major RNA-DNA transition points in the D-loop of human mitochondria. (nih.gov)
  • These are plasmids that usually consist of a strong viral promoter to drive the in vivo transcription and translation of the gene (or complementary DNA) of interest. (wikipedia.org)
  • As transcription from the H1 Pol III promoter is more ef﫿cient and precise when a guanine ("G") or an adenosine ("A") base is found on the +1 site (Ma et al. (berterolab.com)
Sequences1
  • The g11 and IgM MAZ sites lie within sequences that have activity in a termination assay and, furthermore, mutation of C2 or g11 MAZ sites severely reduces termination activity. (ox.ac.uk)
Eukaryotic1
  • Additionally, insertion of multiple chemical modifications by genetic code expansion remains a challenge, particularly in eukaryotic cells. (biorxiv.org)
Suppression2
  • Viral regulation of B7 family inhibitory molecules in epithelial cells leads to suppression or termination of immune responses [ 19 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • However, despite recent technical achievements 1 , 2 , the type of chemical modification that can be accomplished by genetic means (e.g. amber codon suppression) is limited to incorporation of non-canonical amino acids (ncAAs) due to the tolerance of the cell's translational machinery. (biorxiv.org)
Factors5
  • Binding of one of these factors, MAZ, correlates with activity of the C2 termination sequence in vivo. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Neurogenin, NeuroD, XASH-3, XATH-3) which are involved in the control of neural induction (i.e., neurogenesis, neural differentiation) and in the coding for basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors are also known. (justia.com)
  • Multiple sclerosis and T1D have distinct target organs, genetic risk factors, onset ages, and female to male ratios, but target organ-specific T cells as initiators unite these diseases. (frontiersin.org)
  • Therefore, the present inventors have found that various neurologic disorders based on inflammation may be treated since transcription factors Nurr1 and Foxa2 interact with each other to convert glial cells from an M1 phenotype to an M2 phenotype which sets up a therapeutic environment, when the transcription factors are overexpressed in the glial cells. (justia.com)
  • Oligomerization is a frequently encountered physical characteristic of biological molecules that occurs for a wide number of transcription factors, ion channels, oxygen-carrying macromolecules such as hemocyanin and enzymes. (baumaschinen-knell.de)
Vaccine1
  • This antigen is grown in bulk, collected, purified, and then sold as recombinant flu vaccine. (anthonycolpo.com)
Principles1
  • The major concepts and principles underlying recombinant DNA technology will be understood, along with major applications and associated issues relating to the public understanding of science. (manchester.ac.uk)
Plasmid1
  • Furthermore, the oligonucleotides are designed to destroy the BglII restriction enzyme site in the 﫿nal plasmid in order to allow ​screening of correct recombinant clones by diagnostic restriction digestion (Figure 4D). (berterolab.com)
Code3
  • Gene optimization takes advantage of the degeneracy of the genetic code. (thermofisher.com)
  • Brenner made significant contributions to work on the genetic code, and other areas of molecular biology while working in the Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Cambridge, England. (academicinfluence.com)
  • vi)a nucleic acid sequence according to any of (i) and (ii) which is degenerate as a result of the genetic code. (allindianpatents.com)
Synthesis1
Chromosomal1
  • Failure to repair DSBs can lead to unwanted consequences, such as loss of genetic information, chromosomal rearrangements and even cell death. (springeropen.com)
Occurs1
  • 1984. Transcription termination occurs within a 1000 base pair region downstream from the poly(A) site of the mouse beta-globin (major) gene. . (cornell.edu)
Reactions1
  • The oligomerization of vinyl monomers has been studied to understand the stereochemistry of polymerization and termination reactions. (baumaschinen-knell.de)
Inheritance2
  • Autosomal dominant is a pattern of inheritance characteristic of some genetic disorders. (genome.gov)
  • Autosomal recessive is a pattern of inheritance characteristic of some genetic disorders. (genome.gov)
Molecular1
  • Our findings provide insights into the molecular and genetic mechanisms underlying inflorescence development in tomato. (nature.com)
Technology1
Factor3
  • also known as NR4A2) is an orphan nuclear receptor initially characterized as a transcription factor which is important for development of midbrain dopamine (mDA) neurons, including the generation, maturation, and axonal pathfinding of mDA neurons. (justia.com)
  • HBV analysis has transi- virus (HBV) mutants has made a transition from an tioned from the serologic subtype classification of the academic phenomenon of unknown prevalence to a factor early 1970s to the more precise genotype genetic classifi- for consideration during disease diagnosis. (cdc.gov)
  • Role of heat shock transcription factor 2 in the NMDA-dependent neuroplasticity induced by chronic ethanol intake in mouse hippocampus. (u-paris.fr)
Chromosome1
  • using the CAPTCHA is you apply a recombinant and is you second chromosome to the resistance dicot. (scoutconnection.com)
Engineering1
  • You will also learn about genetic engineering, its application, and the ethical issues associated with its use. (manchester.ac.uk)
Cells1
  • A) Schematic of the generation of OPTiKD human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) and of the resulting genetic circuit which allows tetracycline (TET)-dependent induction of gene knockdown both in hPSCs and hPSC-derived cells. (berterolab.com)
Methods2
  • Chain termination methods have greatly simplified DNA sequencing. (michaelperes.com)
  • This Chapter 4 includes topics like the Need for reproductive health and prevention of Sexually Transmitted Disease, birth control need and methods, contraception, medical termination of pregnancy (MTP), amniocentesis, infertility, and assisted reproductive technologies - IVF, ZIFT, GIFT. (mcq-questions.com)
Important1
  • MAZ bends DNA, and inherently bent DNA is highly active as a terminator, suggesting that MAZ-induced bending is important for C2 and g11 termination. (ox.ac.uk)
Result1
  • A dark band in a lane indicates a DNA fragment that is result of chain termination after incorporation of a dideoxynucleotide (ddATP, ddGTP, ddCTP, or ddTTP). (michaelperes.com)
Host1
  • The resultant "recombinant" virus is introduced into host cell lines, which are instructed by the hybrid virus to produce the antigen. (anthonycolpo.com)