Recombinant immunogenic cancer antigens antigen of tumor. Medical search. Frequent questions

the most well known application is cancer immunotherapy, which utilises the immune system as a treatment for cancer. (wikipedia.org)
the most well known application is cancer immunotherapy, where the immune system is used to treat cancer. (wikipedia.org)
Immunotherapy is among the most effective approaches for treating cancer. (mdpi.com)
However, it also points out the weaknesses of immunotherapy, as not all tumors respond to therapy and the co-administration of different immunomodulators may be severely limited due to their systemic toxicity. (mdpi.com)
All these properties made VEGF an attractive target for cancer immunotherapy. (researchsquare.com)
So far, the most successful passive immunotherapy directed to VEGF is Bevacizumab, a monoclonal antibody that neutralizes the binding of VEGF to its receptors [5], which has been approved, in combination with chemotherapy, for the treatment of different tumors [6-12]. (researchsquare.com)
Passive cellular immunotherapy references A number of immunologic interventions, both passive and active, can be directed against tumor cells. (msdmanuals.com)
CAR T cell immunotherapy for human cancer. (msdmanuals.com)
As we continue identifying novel therapeutic antibodies suitable for development into tumor vaccine and other modalities, we look forward to establishing more strategic partnerships to advance the field of immunotherapy. (renmab.com)
Syncromune® is developing SYNC-T™, a disruptive personalized in situ platform drug immunotherapy designed to educate T cells and stimulate the immune system to treat metastatic solid tumors where other therapies have failed. (renmab.com)
Further studies are warranted to improve the efficacy of IL-15cx as an immunotherapy for breast cancer. (frontiersin.org)
A major breakthrough in cancer therapy is immune checkpoint inhibitor (CPI)-based immunotherapy which has been approved by the FDA for the treatment of multiple types of cancers ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
However, some types of cancer are largely resistant to this powerful immunotherapy. (frontiersin.org)
IL-15 is considered superior to IL-2 for cancer immunotherapy due to its strong bioactivity in improving CD8 + T and natural killer (NK) cell survival, proliferation and cytotoxic function ( 8 ). (frontiersin.org)
This work represents a novel approach for cancer immunotherapy by integrating nanotechnology and platinum-based therapeutics which not only efficiently exerts the chemotherapeutic cytotoxic effect on tumor cell but also restores immune response of immunological cells within the tumor microenvironment. (thno.org)
During the past decades, the paradigm for cancer treatment has shifted from nonspecific chemotherapeutics to more specific protective immunotherapy. (thno.org)
With a better understanding of molecular details in tumor immunology and tumor biology, tailored cancer immunotherapy is considered as a promising strategy for cancer treatment. (thno.org)
Cancer immunotherapy approaches designed to surmount tumor suppression take into consideration the pivotal molecular processes involved in the activation of immune system. (thno.org)
Effective immunotherapy of stromal-rich tumors requires simultaneous targeting of cancer cells and immunosuppressive elements of the microenvironment. (aacrjournals.org)
Vaccination with messenger RNA (mRNA) encoding full-length tumor antigens is a novel option for immunotherapy. (biomedcentral.com)
As one of the four major means of cancer treatment including surgery, radiotherapy (RT), chemotherapy, immunotherapy, RT can be applied to various cancers as both a radical cancer treatment and an adjuvant treatment before or after surgery. (nature.com)
The emergence of immunotherapy has recently disrupted the paradigm of traditional cancer treatment (including the three traditional treatments RT, chemotherapy, and surgery), and immunotherapy functions by activating the body's immune system to fight cancer. (nature.com)
Immune-inflamed tumors are called hot tumors, while the latter two are collectively referred to as cold tumors, and they respond poorly to immunotherapy. (nature.com)
One study reported an increased survival benefit with simultaneous RT compared with sequential administration, 8 while another study found no significant difference between the two strategies, 9 possibly because simultaneous RT plus immunotherapy and the administration of an ICI before RT may kill cancer cells as well a substantial number of immune cells, leading to poor systemic response and toxic side effects. (nature.com)
2002) Involvement of PD-L1 on tumor cells in the escape from host immune system and tumor immunotherapy by PD-L1 blockade. (novoprolabs.com)
The complex interplay between cancer cells and the TIME influences the outcome of immunotherapy and other anticancer therapy (Fig. 1 ). (biomedcentral.com)
Since appearance and cloning options for AZ-960 tumor-associated antigens have already been reported cancers vaccines that creates effective cell immunity could AZ-960 be appealing healing applicants but Th2 cells are unwanted for make use of in cancers immunotherapy. (monossabios.com)
In recent years, immunotherapy to activate anti-cancer host immune cells to kill tumors has become a new area of research for the treatment of prostate cancer. (asmepress.com)
As an important component of immunotherapy, cancer vaccines have a unique position in the precise treatment of malignant tumors. (asmepress.com)
As the most important cancer vaccine based on monocytes, it is the only prostate cancer therapeutic vaccine approved by the US Food and Drug Administration at present, which plays an extremely important role in the immunotherapy of prostate cancer. (asmepress.com)
Currently, the complexity of immunotherapy and the specificity of prostate cancer mean that other prostate cancer vaccines have not shown expected clinical benefits in large randomized phase II and III trials, and further in-depth studies are still needed. (asmepress.com)
In the past decades, immunotherapy has been used to treat prostate cancer through anti-tumor effects driven by immune response. (asmepress.com)
Pembrolizumab has become an important therapeutic tool for prostate cancer immunotherapy [7, 8]. (asmepress.com)
As an important part of immunotherapy, cancer vaccines have unique and significant advantages against prostate cancer, including monocyte vaccines and dendritic cells,accines, viral vaccines, peptide vaccines and DNA/mRNA vaccines [9]. (asmepress.com)
Among them, Sipuleucel-T plays a great role in promoting prostate cancer immunotherapy. (asmepress.com)
Immunotherapy based on the adoptive transfer of ex vivo expanded and activated autologous tumor-reactive lymphocytes can mediate tumor regression in cancer patients. (unimedizin-mainz.de)
We successfully applied this strategy to the human TAAs p53, gp100 and MDM2-specific TCRs as promising antigens-driven immunotherapy for both melanoma and hematologic malignancies. (unimedizin-mainz.de)
Cancer immunotherapy has demonstrated remarkable efficacy by checkpoint modulation in a large variety of neoplasms. (unimedizin-mainz.de)
Also, nanovaccines can be very helpful for making cancer treatments that use immunotherapy. (researchgate.net)
90% of pancreatic cancers (PC) and may be an appropriate immunotherapy target. (bmj.com)

However, the tumor microenvironment (TME) imposes different mechanisms that facilitate the impairment of DC functions, such as inefficient antigen presentation or polarization into immunosuppressive DCs. (mdpi.com)
This enhanced secretion of cholesterol and cholesteryl esters that impair CD8+ T cell function in the tumor microenvironment. (bvsalud.org)
To achieve tumor activation, a portion of a target tumor is lysed to generate immunogenic cell death and the release of Damage Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMPs) and tumor antigens, changing the tumor microenvironment by creating an in situ vaccine. (renmab.com)
Although there is ample evidence that the chemotherapeutic drugs trigger an immune response, the efficient tumor rejection or regression is not guaranteed probably due to the massive immunosuppression within the tumor microenvironment. (thno.org)
First, the stimulatory or death signals are released from apoptotic tumor cells into the tumor microenvironment. (thno.org)
During the early phase of tumor development, immune cells could spontaneously infiltrate into the tumor microenvironment to evoke an immune response and fight against the growth of the tumor. (thno.org)
Although RT is an important modality for cancer treatment, the consequential changes caused by RT in the tumor microenvironment (TME) have not yet been fully elucidated. (nature.com)
Furthermore, inflammatory mediators released by irradiated dying cells can attract and regulate immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME), further killing cancer cells. (nature.com)
Accumulating research suggests that the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) plays an essential role in regulation of tumor growth and metastasis. (biomedcentral.com)
Targeting tumor cells or the tumor microenvironment (TME) are the two major fundamental principles for antitumor therapies. (biomedcentral.com)
Different tumor types can also design their specific microenvironment by encouraging tumor angiogenesis and stimulating peripheral immune tolerance. (biomedcentral.com)

Perspectives of tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte treatment in solid tumors. (msdmanuals.com)
Interleukin 15 (IL-15) has been evaluated as a potential treatment for solid tumors in clinical trials, but the effectiveness of systemic IL-15 administration as a monotherapy has not been realized. (frontiersin.org)
This review summarizes the use of high-voltage electrical pulses (HVEPs) in clinical oncology to treat solid tumors with irreversible electroporation (IRE) and electrochemotherapy (ECT). (rsna.org)

Their TCR receptors recognise antigens presented by MHC class I and when bound, the Tc cell triggers its cytotoxic activity. (wikipedia.org)
Chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) recognize specific proteins on the surface of tumor cells. (msdmanuals.com)
Antigen cross-linking of immunoglobulin E (IgE) molecules that are bound to specific cell surface receptors and/or binding of complement split products, such as iC3b, to complement receptors (CR3/CR4) may activate mast cells and basophils. (medscape.com)
On the other hand, the proliferation of oncolytic viruses into target cells and subsequent recognition of viral elements by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) such as toll-like receptors can positively affect the development of the innate and adaptive immune responses against tumor cells (Fig. 1 ) [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Adoptive cell therapy using engineered T-cell receptors (TCRs) targeting cancer-testis antigens, such as Melanoma-associated antigen 3 (MAGE-A3), is a potential approach for the treatment of NSCLC. (thno.org)
Chimeric antigen receptors (CAR)-engineered T cells have demonstrated remarkable efficacy in patients with B-cell malignancies. (unimedizin-mainz.de)

CD8+ cytotoxic T cells are a fundamental element of anti-tumor immunity. (wikipedia.org)
In the context of cancer, appropriately activated DCs can induce anti-tumor immunity by activating innate immune cells and tumor-specific lymphocytes that target cancer cells. (mdpi.com)
It is also involved in MHC I-restricted antigens catalyzing disulfide bond reduction in fishes' adaptive immunity. (bvsalud.org)
Current data indicates that anti-tumor T cell-mediated immunity correlates with a better prognosis in cancer patients. (encyclopedia.pub)
Finally, the innate immunity or adaptive immunity is stimulated leading to regulation and inhibition of tumor growth. (thno.org)
Although cancers immunity has centered on mobile immunity, humoral immunity may exert solid results to overcome the cancers if useful anti-cancer IgGs are thoroughly produced. (lavoixdesrroms.org)
Therapeutic cancer vaccines aim to boost the natural immunity against transformed cancer cells, and a series of adjuvants and co-stimulatory molecules have been proposed to enhance the immune response against weak self-antigens expressed on cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Nevertheless cancer vaccines experienced limited efficiency in clinical replies because of the capability of cancers cells to "get away" from cancers immunity and a minimal performance of antigen-specific CTL induction because of immunogenic-free artificial peptides. (monossabios.com)
Hence nanoparticles might provide a fresh prophylactic technique for infectious disease and healing AZ-960 approaches for cancers via the induction of T-cell immunity. (monossabios.com)

Then these signals are engulfed as antigens and presented by antigen-presenting cells within the tumor-derived lymph nodes. (thno.org)

Concomitant use of interferon enhances the expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens and TAAs on tumor cells, thereby augmenting the killing of tumor cells by the infused effector cells. (msdmanuals.com)

In contrast to TCR T cells, CAR T cells recognize only relatively large proteins on the surface of tumor cells. (msdmanuals.com)
Background Most immunotherapies approved for clinical use rely on the use of recombinant proteins and cell-based approaches, rendering their manufacturing expensive and logistics onerous. (bmj.com)
In addition, we used an ELISA based on recombinant XMRV proteins to screen 146 PCa patient sera for viral Env- and Gag-specific antibodies. (biomedcentral.com)
[ 14 ] However, ATG, as well as other immunosuppressive foreign proteins, such as chimeric monoclonal antibodies that consist of murine-derived antigen-binding fragment (Fab) and human-derived crystallizable fragment (Fc) portions of antibodies, have been reported to be sufficiently immunogenic to cause serum sickness. (medscape.com)
Monoclonal antibodies developed against immunogenic proteins (Tumor Specific Antigens/TSA's) that are expressed in human cancers, display a unique behavioral pattern. (jcancer.org)
This includes the early recognition of these immunogenic membrane proteins that can serve as diagnostic markers, and the targeting of such markers for the destruction of the tumor, primarily thru ADCC. (jcancer.org)
The monoclonals (mAbs) that we have developed against specific immunogenic tumor membrane proteins have been studied in detail. (jcancer.org)
These tumor proteins, when first defined, were referred to as tumor associated antigens. (jcancer.org)
Monoclonals that we were able to develop from tumor specific proteins derived from colon and pancreas cancer were found capable of targeting those tumors to induce apoptosis. (jcancer.org)
We were also able to define immunogenic membrane proteins from lung (squamous and adenoCa) as well as prostate neoplasms. (jcancer.org)

Cancer immunosurveillance is a theory formulated in 1957 by Burnet and Thomas, who proposed that lymphocytes act as sentinels in recognizing and eliminating continuously arising, nascent transformed cells. (wikipedia.org)
Tumor-specific antigens (TSA) are antigens that only occur in tumor cells. (wikipedia.org)
Tumor-associated antigens (TAA) are present in healthy cells, but for some reason they also occur in tumor cells. (wikipedia.org)
Oncofetal antigens are tumor-associated antigens expressed by embryonic cells and by tumors. (wikipedia.org)
Cancer immunoediting is a process in which immune system interacts with tumor cells. (wikipedia.org)
In the elimination phase, the immune response leads to destruction of tumor cells and therefore to tumor suppression. (wikipedia.org)
However, some tumor cells may gain more mutations, change their characteristics and evade the immune system. (wikipedia.org)
These cells might enter the equilibrium phase, in which the immune system does not recognise all tumor cells, but at the same time the tumor does not grow. (wikipedia.org)
As a consequence of immunoediting, tumor cell clones less responsive to the immune system gain dominance in the tumor through time, as the recognized cells are eliminated. (wikipedia.org)
This results in the tumor consisting of cells with decreased immunogenicity and can hardly be eliminated. (wikipedia.org)
However, some cancer cells lower their MHC I expression and avoid being detected by the cytotoxic T cells. (wikipedia.org)
This can be done by mutation of MHC I gene or by lowering the sensitivity to IFN-γ (which influences the surface expression of MHC I). Tumor cells also have defects in antigen presentation pathway, what leads into down-regulation of tumor antigen presentations. (wikipedia.org)
Tumor cells therefore maintain a low expression of MHC I. Another way to escape cytotoxic T cells is to stop expressing molecules essential for co-stimulation of cytotoxic T cells, such as CD80 or CD86. (wikipedia.org)
Tumor cells express molecules to induce apoptosis or to inhibit T lymphocytes: Expression of FasL on its surface, tumor cells may induce apoptosis of T lymphocytes by FasL-Fas interaction. (wikipedia.org)
The recombinant AAV (rAAV) genome composed of a foreign expression cassette and AAV inverted terminal repeat (ITR) sequences exists in eukaryotic cells in an episomal form that is responsible for persistent transgene expression (Schnepp et al. (justia.com)
Dendritic cells (DCs) are specialized antigen-presenting cells that have a notable role in the initiation and regulation of innate and adaptive immune responses. (mdpi.com)
Targeting METTL3 by single-guide RNA, nanoparticle small interfering RNA (siRNA), or pharmacological inhibitor (STM2457) in combination with anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) synergized to reinvigorate cytotoxic CD8+ T cells and mediate tumor regression. (bvsalud.org)
After induction with lipopolysaccharide, the expression of tsGILT mRNA was upregulated in spleen and kidney and recombinant tsGILT protein transferred to late endosomes and lysosomes in HeLa cells. (bvsalud.org)
Angiogenesis is the formation of new blood vessels from the existing vasculature, and it is significantly increased during tumor development with the aim to supply nutrients and oxygen that support the high rate proliferation of tumor cells. (researchsquare.com)
Thus, the local immunological milieu in tissue compartments forms the nature and magnitude of the host responses, i.e., frequencies of regulatory T cells (Tregs) vs. T-helper 17 (Th17) cells, amount of pro-inflammatory cytokines vs. anti-inflammatory cytokines, extent of neutrophilia and antigen-presenting-cell (APC) activation, among others. (frontiersin.org)
A number of immunologic interventions, both passive and active, can be directed against tumor cells. (msdmanuals.com)
Lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells are produced from the patient's T cells which are extracted from the tumor and grown in a cell culture system with the lymphokine interleukin-2 (IL-2). (msdmanuals.com)
Animal studies have shown that LAK cells are more effective against cancer cells than are the original endogenous T cells, presumably because of their greater number. (msdmanuals.com)
Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) may have greater tumoricidal activity than LAK cells. (msdmanuals.com)
However, the progenitor cells consist of T cells isolated from resected tumor tissue. (msdmanuals.com)
This process theoretically provides a line of T cells with greater tumor specificity than those obtained from the blood. (msdmanuals.com)
Tumor Antigens Many tumor cells produce antigens, which may be released in the bloodstream or remain on the cell surface. (msdmanuals.com)
TAAs) with high specificity to tumor cells. (msdmanuals.com)
Therefore CAR T cells and TCR T cells may represent complementary approaches to cancer therapy. (msdmanuals.com)
T-cell engagers are bispecific antibodies that recruit cytotoxic T cells to kill tumor cells. (msdmanuals.com)
SYNC-T utilizes a combination approach of tumor activation and targeted delivery, aiming to synchronize the timing and location of tumor antigen release with the functional activation of immune cells. (renmab.com)
The expansion of anti-cancer specific T cells can enable the immune system to recognize and destroy cancer in the treated tumor as well as in metastases throughout the body. (renmab.com)
Method For immunopharmacological screening campaigns, we built an artificial miniature immune system in which dendritic cells (DCs) derived from immature precursors present MHC (major histocompatibility complex) class I-restricted antigen to a T-cell hybridoma that then secretes interleukin-2 (IL-2). (bmj.com)
In patients with cancer, high H1R1 expression correlated with low infiltration by TH1 cells, as well as with signs of T-cell exhaustion. (bmj.com)
With the understanding particularly in the characteristics of viruses and tumor cells, numerous innovative OVs have been engineered to conquer cancers, such as Talimogene Laherparepvec (T-VEC) and tasadenoturev (DNX-2401). (biomedcentral.com)
Amazing combination of therapeutic strategies of OVs and immune cells confers immense potential for managing cancers. (biomedcentral.com)
OVT has its unique advantages and prospects, because oncolytic viruses (OVs) preferentially infect and replicate in tumor cells and destroy them, while leaving healthy cells largely untouched [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
With increasingly high therapeutic efficacy being achieved recent years and owing to the unique features such as specific tumor tropism, low cytotoxicity against normal cells, OVT has been inviting a great attention as an ideal weapon against cancers. (biomedcentral.com)
Meanwhile, these non-engineered viruses sometimes inevitably infect and spread to normal tissues, indiscriminately killed both tumor and normal cells, causing a series of unpredicted side effects. (biomedcentral.com)
By the genetic recombination the viruses were conferred with high specificity against tumor cells without targeting normal tissues. (biomedcentral.com)
Moreover, HSV engineered in gH of a scFv targeting the cancer-specific HER2 receptor, scFv-HER2-gH chimera, can enter, replicate and kill cancer cells efficiently [ 14 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
However, it has widely been demonstrated that tumor cells negatively manage immune attack by activating several immune-suppressive mechanisms. (encyclopedia.pub)
Once packaged into a E1-complementing cell line, which provides the E1 products in trans, such as QBI 293A Cells, recombinant viral will be easily propagated. (genemedi.com)
The goal of this study was to examine the activity of IL-15/IL-15Rα complex (IL-15cx) to CD8 + T cells and evaluate its potential efficacy in murine breast cancer models. (frontiersin.org)
The antitumor efficacy was studied in mouse mammary carcinoma models (Her2/neu transgenic and 4T1-luc mammary cancers) treated with systemic recombinant protein with/without the depletion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells or intra-tumoral gene electrotransfer (GET). (frontiersin.org)
Intraperitoneal administration of IL-15cx results in a moderate inhibition of breast cancer growth that is associated with an increase in the frequency of cytotoxic CD8 T cells and the improvement of their function. (frontiersin.org)
The depletion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) has no impact on mouse breast cancer growth. (frontiersin.org)
An early increase of local cytotoxic cells correlates with GET treatment and an increase of long-term memory T cells results from animals with complete tumor regression. (frontiersin.org)
PD-L1 is expressed mainly on tumor-infiltrating immune cells in roughly 41% of patients with triple negative breast cancer ( 5 ). (frontiersin.org)
Wpep-DGL/Pt showed potent antitumor efficacy in MDA-MB-231 cells tumor-bearing nude mice with a deficient immune system, demonstrating targeted delivery of chemotherapeutics and the resultant cytotoxicity. (thno.org)
Furthermore, in immunocompetent mice bearing 4T1 cells tumors, Wpep-DGL/Pt activated immune cells and induced cell death proving their dual function of chemotherapeutic and immunomodulatory efficacy. (thno.org)
For example, antibodies specific to tumor antigens, adoptively transferred immune cells, therapeutic vaccines, and recombinant cytokines effectively boost the host immune system to recognize tumor cells as pathogens and eliminate them [ 1 - 3 ]. (thno.org)
Compared with conventional cancer treatments, the main advantage of oncolytic virotherapy is its tumor-selective replication followed by the destruction of malignant cells without damaging healthy cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) specifically induce cancer cells death by infection of and spreading on tumor cells through different mechanisms such as direct lysis effect or adjacent cells fusion. (biomedcentral.com)
The ability of OVs to selectively infect tumor cells is mainly associated with the disruption of type-I interferon pathway, which represents the first line of defense against viral infections. (biomedcentral.com)
In this case, the stimulation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and subsequent immunogenic cell death (ICD) process in OVs-infected cells elicit a range of anti-tumor immune responses. (biomedcentral.com)
This stress condition can also lead to the attraction of immune cells, notably antigen presenting cells (APCs) (i.e. immature dendritic cells), natural killer cells (NK cells), and cytotoxic T-cells to the site of infection [ 5 , 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Schematic illustration of the multimodality role of virotheranostics in treatment and tracking of tumor cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Virus-based immunostimulatory cytokine and chemokine expression can recruit and activate T cells, antigen-presenting cells (APCs), and natural killer (NK) cells, and subsequently, improve the therapeutic activity of OVs. (biomedcentral.com)
In a phase I/II trial in patients with metastatic melanoma, direct intra-dermal injection of mRNA coding for relevant tumor-associated antigens was well tolerated and influenced the frequency of vaccine-antigen directed CD4 and CD8 T cells as well as regulatory T cells (T Regs). (biomedcentral.com)
In this study, we comprehensively screened HLA-A2 restricted MAGE-A3 tumor epitopes and characterized the corresponding TCRs using in vitro artificial antigen presentation cells (APC) system, single-cell transcriptome and TCR V(D)J sequencing, and machine-learning. (thno.org)
Importantly, T cells artificially expressing the MAGE-A3-Mp4 specific TCRs exhibited strong MAGE-A3+ tumor cell recognition and killing effect. (thno.org)
RT-induced damage to cancer cells leads to different outcomes, such as survival, senescence, or death. (nature.com)
In this review, we discuss the changes in irradiated cancer cells and immune cells in the TME under different RT regimens and describe existing and potential molecules that could be targeted to improve the therapeutic effects of RT. (nature.com)
In addition, tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) produced by irradiated tumor cells can be captured by antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in the TME and presented to T cells. (nature.com)
Significantly, the co-administration of Freund's adjuvants with vaccine 1 was suggested to cause splenomegaly, containing increased variety of myeloid cells, which can include immature MDSCs or monocytes, to suppress expansion/differentiation into effector T cells and B cells (Fig. TACAs used in scientific trials are little T cell-independent antigens, they display poor immunogenicity and cannot induce immunoglobulin (Ig) course switching. (lavoixdesrroms.org)
Accordingly, it leads to growth of immunogenic tumor growth by increasing apoptosis of antigen specific T cells and may contribute to immune evasion by cancers. (novoprolabs.com)
For instance, a peptide/CpG-based cancer vaccine has been evaluated in several clinical trials and was shown in pre-clinical studies to favor the expansion of effector T versus Tregs cells, resulting in a potent antitumor activity, as compared to other TLR ligands. (biomedcentral.com)
The aim of the present study is to combine the activation and tumor targeting of activated iNKT, NK and T cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Activation and tumor targeting of iNKT cells via recombinant α-galactosylceramide (αGC)-loaded CD1d-anti-HER2 fusion protein (CD1d-antitumor) is combined or not with OVA peptide/CpG vaccine. (biomedcentral.com)
The resulting antitumor therapy is tested against established tumor grafts of B16 melanoma cells expressing human HER2 and ovalbumin. (biomedcentral.com)
Antibody-mediated depletion experiments further demonstrate that in this context, CTLs rather than NK cells are essential for the enhanced tumor inhibition. (biomedcentral.com)
The importance of immune surveillance in eradicating malignant cells is well demonstrated, and several observations have motivated the development of therapeutic cancer vaccines. (biomedcentral.com)
For instance, the development of tolerogenic DCs will lead to antigen tolerance in particular through the expansion of T regulatory cells (Tregs). (biomedcentral.com)
In addition to TLR ligands, CD1d-restricted invariant NKT (iNKT) cells have been shown to efficiently promote the transactivation of DCs through the CD40L-CD40 interaction upon recognition of the CD1d-glycolipid antigen complex by their semi-invariant TCR. (biomedcentral.com)
The oncogenic communication with tumor cells and through the crosstalk of autocrine and paracrine components in almost all tumor types are responsible for this phenomenon. (biomedcentral.com)
Tumor-infiltrating immune cells are an important component of the TIME and are a significant predictor of cancer patients' survival. (biomedcentral.com)
The crosstalk between pro-tumorigenic immune cells, stromal cells, and cytokines helps to establish the pre-metastatic niche for disseminated circulatory tumor cells and facilitates metastasis. (biomedcentral.com)
During the tumor initiation stage, cancer cells escape from immune surveillance. (biomedcentral.com)
During metastasis, tumor-derived exosomes help in the requirement and arrangement of immunosuppressive immune cells for favorable premetastatic niche formation and growth of metastases. (biomedcentral.com)
The stromal component interacts with tumor cells in complex crosstalk to support tumor growth. (biomedcentral.com)
On the other hand carbohydrate-decorated particles such as for example carbohydrate-coated liposomes with encapsulated antigens may be more desirable as antigen delivery automobiles to antigen-presenting cells. (monossabios.com)
Furthermore OMLs with an encased antigen can induce antigen-specific CTLs from peripheral bloodstream mononuclear cells extracted from sufferers. (monossabios.com)
These vesicles could be prepared in a variety of ways which might have an effect on the immunogenicity from the encapsulated antigens.20 Efficient delivery of antigens to immune cells could be facilitated by agents that bind selectively to molecular set ups on the top of targeted cells. (monossabios.com)
Therefore, this article reviews the latest progress on prostate cancer vaccine, especially Sipuleucel-T vaccine based on mononuclear cells. (asmepress.com)
Sipuleucel-T consists of autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells including antigen presenting cells (APCs). (asmepress.com)
The active components of Sipuleucel-T are autologous APCs and PAP-GM-CSF, in addition to T cells, B cells, natural killer cells, and other cells that specifically bind to PAP expressed in prostate cancer tissue to kill tumor cells. (asmepress.com)
However, high-avidity T cells specific for tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) are usually absent in patients because of self-tolerance. (unimedizin-mainz.de)
T cells and TCR will be obtained from blood and tumor tissue and tested for neoantigen specificity and tumor reactivity. (unimedizin-mainz.de)

Of note, astemizole enhanced the CD8 + /Foxp3 + ratio in the tumor immune infiltrate as well as IFN-γ production by local CD8 + T lymphocytes. (bmj.com)
4 According to the number of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, tumors can be divided into three phenotypes: immune-inflamed, immune-excluded, and immune-desert types. (nature.com)

These elicited antibodies impaired the high affinity interaction between VEGF and monoclonal antibody Bevacizumab, an antiangiogenic drug approved in combination with chemotherapy for the treatment of different tumors. (researchsquare.com)
CIGB-247 was immunogenic in a broader patient population, and induced Bevacizumab-like polyclonal antibodies, indicating that the VEGF-specific antibody response could have a potentially relevant clinical activity. (researchsquare.com)
Furthermore, 146 sera samples from prostate tumor patients were tested for XMRV Gag and Env antibodies using a newly developed ELISA assay. (biomedcentral.com)
Consistent with this result, none of the sera analyzed from prostate cancer patients contained XMRV-specific antibodies. (biomedcentral.com)
However, the use of equine and murine antisera as antilymphocyte or antithymocyte globulins and murine monoclonal antibodies for immunomodulation and cancer treatment has created a new group of medications that may cause serum sickness. (medscape.com)
Immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies usually develop 7-14 days after immunization with the antigen. (medscape.com)
Since the development of serum sickness is dependent on the host's ability to produce antibodies to the inciting antigen, patients who are incapable of producing antibodies, such as patients with Bruton agammaglobulinemia, will not develop serum sickness. (medscape.com)
Arlen M, Arlen P, Tsang A, Wang X, Gupta R. The Therapeutic Value of Monoclonal Antibodies Directed Against Immunogenic Tumor Glycoproteins. (jcancer.org)
It is required by FDA that the potential effects of tumor control and toxicity be defined using the naked antibodies produced under GMP conditions, In those situations where patients with recurrent malignancies are to be studied we have come to realize that a number of factors can influence the response to monoclonal therapy. (jcancer.org)
Recombinant targeting modules will be based on antibodies and soluble single-chain fragments of TCR specific for melanoma antigens. (unimedizin-mainz.de)

This VEGF vaccine has been evaluated in phase I clinical trials CENTAURO and CENTAURO-2, showing to be safe and immunogenic in advanced cancer patients selected under well-defined and controlled clinical conditions. (researchsquare.com)
This report shows the characterization of the humoral response elicited after vaccination with 400 µg of antigen combined with 200 µg of VSSP in cancer patients representative of the Cuban real clinical practice setting. (researchsquare.com)
This investigation also shows preliminary evidences of safety and immunogenicity of CIGB-247 in cancer patients under clinical conditions not yet explored. (researchsquare.com)
The second part of the review discusses potential host-directed interventional strategies based on existing translational and clinical knowledge of infection-induced inflammation, as well as cancer initiation/progression models. (frontiersin.org)
We are excited that SYNC-T has shown initial anti-tumor activity based on the preliminary Phase 1 clinical data," said Eamonn Hobbs, President and Chief Executive Officer of Syncromune. (renmab.com)
The specificity, safety, and anti-cancer efficacy of YH002 have been evaluated in a comprehensive panel of pre-clinical studies. (renmab.com)
Large amounts of antigen exposure can lead to widespread deposition of complement-fixing immune complexes and the clinical presentation of serum sickness. (medscape.com)
OVs, which are advancing into clinical trials, are being envisioned as the frontier clinical anti-tumor agents coming soon. (biomedcentral.com)
The follow-up vaccine CV9104 including the additional antigens prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) and Muc1 is currently being tested in a randomized phase IIb trial to assess the clinical benefit induced by this new vaccination approach. (biomedcentral.com)

Self-adjuvanting vaccines, the conjugates of immunoenhancers and antigens, are anticipated to stimulate antigen-specific immune system responses without extreme inflammation.6C8 Furthermore, they possess well-defined structures and facilitate quality control of vaccine products hence. (lavoixdesrroms.org)
Peptide vaccines possess immunological and financial advantages as cancers vaccines because CTL epitope peptides from tumor-associated antigens possess high antigen-specificity. (monossabios.com)
Cancer vaccines use tumor cell-associated antigens to induce a specific anti-tumor immune response that is durable and robust. (asmepress.com)
This optimism is built on recently published studies demonstrating the efficacy of mRNA vaccines in combatting several types of cancer and infectious pathogens where conventional vaccine platforms may fail to induce protective immune responses. (researchgate.net)
Treatment resistance for infectious diseases is growing quickly, and chemotherapeutic toxicity in cancer means that vaccines must be made right away to save humanity. (researchgate.net)
The mRNA vaccines can encode multiple antigens, strengthening the immune response against pathogens and enabling the targeting of multiple microbial variants [19] . (researchgate.net)

Resistance is typically related to the immunogenicity of the tumor. (frontiersin.org)
As such we plan to eventually employ the therapeutic mAbs in combination with chemotherapy as a means of enhancing the immunogenicity of the tumor system being treated and to possibly weaken the malignant growth for easier destruction by the mAb. (jcancer.org)

RT can directly induce cancer cell death through various mechanisms, such as apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy. (nature.com)

Monoclonals developed from these tumor antigens are in the initial phases of investigation with regard to their specificity and antitumor activity. (jcancer.org)
The UniCAR is only activated upon cross-linking through a soluble tumor-targeting module carrying the UniCAR binding epitope, thereby achieving highest tumor specificity. (unimedizin-mainz.de)

Atezolizumab, an anti-PD-L1 antibody is the first checkpoint inhibitor approved by FDA in combination with chemotherapy to treat triple-negative and PD-L1 positive metastatic breast cancer. (frontiersin.org)
While early diagnosis of PCa is associated with a 5-year disease-specific survival rate (SR) of 100 %, only 27.8 % 5-year SR is reported for patients with metastatic disease (SEER Stat Fact Sheet on prostate cancer, http://seer.cancer.gov ). (biomedcentral.com)
The cell-based therapeutic vaccine Sipuleucel T targeting the antigen PAP has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in 2010 and recently by the European Medicines Agency for the treatment of asymptomatic - minimally symptomatic metastatic CRPC based on a median prolongation in overall survival by 4.1 months compared to placebo controls [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Conjugation with Th epitopes can stimulate T cell-dependent immune system responses, such as for example antigen-specific B cell IgG and activation class switching. (lavoixdesrroms.org)
However, except for virus-induced cancers, tumor antigens are mostly self or near-self protein epitopes that are often poorly immunogenic and submitted to central and peripheral tolerance. (biomedcentral.com)
Furthermore usage of the hepatitis B primary particle where tumor-antigen epitopes are established has consistently been proven to induce solid CTL replies without the usage of an adjuvant. (monossabios.com)

One of these poorly immunogenic tumors is breast cancer with response rates of only 0%-18.5% to CPI therapy alone ( 2 - 4 ). (frontiersin.org)
Patients who are radioresistant respond poorly to RT and may experience cancer progression. (nature.com)

Examples of oncofetal antigens are AFP (α-fetoprotein), produced by hepatocellular carcinoma, or CEA (carcinoembryonic antigen), occurring in ovarian and colon cancer. (wikipedia.org)

Cancer immunosurveillance appears to be an important host protection process that decreases cancer rates through inhibition of carcinogenesis and maintaining of regular cellular homeostasis. (wikipedia.org)
At that time, the application of tumor treatment with the spontaneous viruses or wild type viruses which quite often being scavenged by immune system, merely induces a subtle inhibition to tumor progression in patients. (biomedcentral.com)
Systemic and local administration of IL-15cx shows two distinct therapeutic responses, a moderate tumor growth inhibition or heterogeneous tumor regressions with survival improvement. (frontiersin.org)
The enhanced innate and adaptive immune responses result in higher tumor inhibition that correlates with increased numbers of OVA-specific CTLs at the tumor site. (biomedcentral.com)

A total of 26/33 evaluable patients treated at 1280 μg developed an immune response, directed against multiple antigens in 15 out of 33 patients. (biomedcentral.com)

Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a devastating disease. (bmj.com)

PD-L1 thus is regarded as promising therapeutic target for human autoimmune disease and malignant cancers. (novoprolabs.com)
Prostate cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors of the urinary system. (asmepress.com)

Immunization with Pneumocystis Cross-Reactive Antigen 1 (Pca1) Protects Mice against Pneumocystis Pneumonia and Generates Antibody to Pneumocystis jirovecii. (rochester.edu)
Mabs capable of targeting the malignancies noted above were produced following immunization of BALBc mice with the Tumor Specific Antigens. (jcancer.org)

While tumor expansion, contact-dependent or independent crosstalk between tumor and TIME affects the production of various cytokines that help in the polarization of antitumor immune response in the immunosuppressive TIME. (biomedcentral.com)

The basic principles of chimeric antigen receptor design. (msdmanuals.com)

More tumor-associated antigens are HER2/neu, EGFR or MAGE-1. (wikipedia.org)

These noninvasive visualization systems provide real-time follow-up of viral progression within the cancer tissue by the ability of engineered oncolytic viruses (OVs) to encode reporter transgenes based on recombinant technology. (biomedcentral.com)
The cellular and molecular nature of the TIME influences cancer progression and metastasis by altering the ratio of immune- suppressive versus cytotoxic responses in the vicinity of the tumor. (biomedcentral.com)
These tumors and accessories represent the hallmark characteristics that support tumor progression and lead to metastasis. (biomedcentral.com)
The ratio of pro- to antitumor immune populations in the TIME plays a critical role in the regulation of tumor progression and metastasis. (biomedcentral.com)

VEGF biological activity is mediated by its binding to VEGFR receptor 2 (VEGFR2) or VEGF receptor 1 (VEGFR1) [2], and both interactions have been implicated in tumor-induced angiogenesis and immunosuppression [3, 4]. (researchsquare.com)

This condition may lead to the phase of escape, in which the tumor gains dominance over immune system, starts growing and establishes immunosuppressive environment. (wikipedia.org)
The processes of tumor initiation, expansion, and metastasis are governed by the TIME, where immunosuppressive and antitumor immune crosstalk play an important role. (biomedcentral.com)

The combination of astemizole and oxaliplatin was able to cure the majority of mice bearing orthotopic non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC), then inducing a state of protective long-term immune memory. (bmj.com)
Altogether, our study in mice demonstrates that αGC/CD1d-antitumor fusion protein greatly increases the efficacy of a therapeutic CpG-based cancer vaccine, first as an adjuvant during T cell priming and second, as a therapeutic agent to redirect immune responses to the tumor site. (biomedcentral.com)

General view of vaccine for prostate cancer (DC, dendritic cell). (asmepress.com)

The process of immune response to bacteria challenge needs GILT to catalyze the reduction of disulfide bond and unfolding native protein antigens, promoting their hydrolysis by proteases. (bvsalud.org)
To increase the immune response to PAP, it is activated by adding PAP and the recombinant fusion protein of immune activator GM-CSF (PAP-GM-CSF) at a specific stage of cell culture. (asmepress.com)

YH002 is a recombinant anti-OX40 humanized IgG1 agonistic antibody. (renmab.com)
When the antigen and antibody molecules are present in approximately equal molar ratios (slight antigen excess), known as the zone of equivalence, cross-linking and lattice formation occur forming intermediate and large immune complexes. (medscape.com)

Both ikarugamycin and astemizole improved the anticancer activity of the immunogenic chemotherapeutic agent oxaliplatin in a T cell-dependent fashion. (bmj.com)

Unlike alternative ablative therapies, electroporation does not affect the structural integrity of surrounding tissue, thereby enabling tumors in the vicinity of vital structures to be treated. (rsna.org)
IRE uses HVEPs to cause cell death by inducing membrane disruption, and it is primarily used as a radical ablative therapy in the treatment of soft-tissue tumors in the liver, kidney, prostate, and pancreas. (rsna.org)
Prostate acid phosphatase (PAP) is expressed in approximately 95% of prostate cancers and is mainly limited to prostate tissue, which is a target for prostate cancer tumor vaccine development. (asmepress.com)

Tumors from these patients will be used for peptide ligandome analyses, predictive in-situ biomarker analysis by immunohistochemistry, MALDI-TOF imaging mass spectrometry and RNA sequencing (RNAseq). (unimedizin-mainz.de)

Therapeutic response correlates with the mutational load of the patient tumors, suggesting that neoantigens contribute to tumor rejection. (unimedizin-mainz.de)

CV9103 is a prostate-cancer vaccine containing self-adjuvanted mRNA (RNActive®) encoding the antigens PSA, PSCA, PSMA, and STEAP1. (biomedcentral.com)

We believe this technology transfer agreement may help accelerate our FDA IND filling process, and we are optimistic that our proprietary SYNC-T investigational therapy may have the potential to provide a treatment benefit to cancer patients. (renmab.com)
The scientists have been pursuing the ideal tumor prevention and treatment strategies all the time. (biomedcentral.com)
IL-15cx treatment diminishes MDSCs in murine tumors. (frontiersin.org)
While tumor imaging and radiotherapy strategies are crucial for tumor identification and treatment, the presence of metastasis and radiation resistance has reduced the efficacy of treatment in cancer patients. (biomedcentral.com)
Consequently, finding novel methods for increasing the efficiency of tumor imaging and treatment is of great importance [ 1 , 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Although immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) reinvigorates anti-tumor immune responses by disrupting co-inhibitory T-cell signaling, relapse frequently occurs after ICB treatment and acquired resistance often emergence after initial response [ 4 ]. (thno.org)
This includes the amount of shed antigen in the serum at the time of treatment that could initiate immune complex formation as well as the shedding of inhibitory material into the serum possibly effecting an immune response. (jcancer.org)
Irreversible electroporation is a predominantly nonthermal and adjacent structure-sparring ablation method that has been proven safe and efficient in the treatment of tumors in the liver, pancreas, and prostate. (rsna.org)
More importantly, we summarize the potential of various RNA-based therapeutics clinically available for cancer treatment. (biomedcentral.com)
RNA-dependent targeting of the TIME, as monotherapy or combined with other evolving therapeutics, might be beneficial for cancer patients' treatment in the near future. (biomedcentral.com)
To address this need, we will link an ImmuNEO module to the DKTK MASTER program that will include exome and transcriptome-sequenced patients on a pan-cancer basis who receive treatment with checkpoint modulators. (unimedizin-mainz.de)
Increasingly, renal cell cancers are diagnosed at an earlier stage, and nephron-sparing surgery and thermal ablation are gaining acceptance as a treatment of choice for smaller tumors. (medscape.com)

ECT uses HVEPs to transiently increase membrane permeability, enhancing cellular cytotoxic drug uptake in tumors. (rsna.org)

CIGB-247 is a cancer therapeutic vaccine that uses as antigen a variant of human vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mixed with the bacterial-derived adjuvant VSSP. (researchsquare.com)
developed a therapeutic vaccine that uses as antigen a truncated form of human VEGF (aminoacids 26-104). (researchsquare.com)

Nanovaccines can improve antigen presentation, targeted delivery, stimulation of the body's innate immune system, and a strong T-cell response without putting people at risk. (researchgate.net)

Modern immune checkpoint therapy demonstrates that cancer can be defeated. (mdpi.com)
One of the main checkpoint modulator of the cell cycle, p38, has been found to be greatly associated with dormant phase in several tumour types [58]. (globaltechbiz.com)

This was regulated by the hedgehog pathway (Gli2, Bmi1, and Sox 2) to promote tumour initiation and maintenance [41]. (globaltechbiz.com)

To prevent infected cell lysis, recombinant replication deficiency virus has been developed as a gene delivery tool to replace wild-type adenovirus (recombinant AdV in "application" part). (genemedi.com)
Advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common type of lung cancer with poor prognosis. (thno.org)
However, systematic analysis of T cell immune responses to MAGE-A3 antigen and corresponding antigen-specific TCR is still lacking. (thno.org)
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the most common subtype, comprised approximately 85% of the newly diagnosed lung cancer cases [ 2 ]. (thno.org)
2006) The role of leukemia-derived B7-H1 (PD-L1) in tumor-T-cell interactions in humans. (novoprolabs.com)
Therefore, understanding the TME and its immune cell components are equally important as cancer cell characteristics for tumor eradication. (biomedcentral.com)
Renal cell carcinoma (see the image below) is the most common type of kidney cancer in adults. (medscape.com)

With the ability of the mAbs to demonstrate therapeutic antitumor activity in those patients with relatively advanced malignancies, the term tumor specific was introduced. (jcancer.org)

Anatomy19

Organisms11

Diseases38

Chemicals and Drugs101

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment47

Phenomena and Processes44

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science4

Health Care12

Immunotherapy40

Microenvironment11

Solid tumors3

Receptors6

Immunity9

Presented by antigen-prese1

Killing of tumor cells1

Proteins10

Cells89

Lymphocytes2

Antibodies10

Clinical9

Vaccines6

Immunogenicity of the tumor2

Apoptosis1

Specificity2

Metastatic3

Epitopes3

Poorly2

Carcinoembryonic antigen1

Inhibition4

Multiple antigens1

Pancreatic1

Malignant2

Immunization2

Cytokines1

Chimeric1

HER21

Progression4

Receptor1

Immunosuppressive2

Mice2

Dendritic1

Protein2

Antibody2

Chemotherapeutic1

Tissue3

Peptide1

Correlates1

MRNA1

Treatment12

Cellular1

Therapeutic vaccine2

Innate immune1

Checkpoint2

Initiation1

Cell7

Antitumor1