Receptors that recognize receptors antigen t cell. Medical search. Frequent questions

Anti-CD19-CAR-transduced T cells had superior antilymphoma efficacy compared with the anti-CD19 monoclonal antibody from which the anti-CD19 CAR was derived. (ashpublications.org)
In immunology, an antigen (Ag) is a molecule, moiety, foreign particulate matter, or an allergen, such as pollen, that can bind to a specific antibody or T-cell receptor. (wikipedia.org)
The reaction between an antigen and an antibody is called the antigen-antibody reaction. (wikipedia.org)
Using the "lock and key" metaphor, the antigen can be seen as a string of keys (epitopes) each of which matches a different lock (antibody). (wikipedia.org)
Classical " CARs consist of an extracellular binding domain mostly derived from a monoclonal antibody fragment (single-chain variable fragment-scFv), which is linked to intracellular binding domains of the T-cell receptor complex. (nature.com)
The GL7 antigen has an epitope containing non-sulfated α2-6-sialyl-LacNAc recognized by the GL7 antibody. (biolegend.com)
GL7 high-expressing B cells show higher antibody production and antigen presenting capacity. (biolegend.com)
B-cell targeted therapies have been around since the early 2000s with drugs like rituximab , a monoclonal antibody medication that targets CD20, an antigen expressed on the surface of B cells. (medscape.com)
Both are effective at depleting B cells in blood, but these engineered CD19-targeted T cells can reach B cells sitting in tissues in a way that antibody therapies cannot, Konig explained. (medscape.com)
If you have a patient with myositis, for example, where autoreactive B cells are sitting in the inflamed muscle, or a patient with rheumatoid arthritis , where you have disease-relevant B cells in hard-to-reach tissues like the synovium, those cells are much harder to deplete with an antibody, compared to a T cell that evolved to surveil and effectively kill in all tissues," he explained. (medscape.com)
Over 250 crystal structures of monoclonal Fab fragments and complexes with a variety of antigens, such as peptides, steroids, cocaine, and proteins, including HIV-1, gp120 and gp41, have led to significant insights into antibody-antigen recognition, virus neutralization, and vaccine design for HIV-1. (scripps.edu)
Breakdown of immune tolerance is believed to be one of the major mechanisms which triggers the production of autoantibodies by B cells and antibody forming cells, leading to inflammation upon binding to autoantigens and consequent tissue damage [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
The antigen recognized by the CD3 antibody is noncovalently associated with either α/β or γ/δ TCR (70 to 90 kd). (bdbiosciences.com)
Noncovalently bonded subunits of 22 and 28 kd are rapidly internalized by T cells reacted with Anti-Leu-4 antibody. (bdbiosciences.com)
CD20-transduced T cells with and without co-transferred T-cell receptor were efficiently eliminated by complement dependent cytotoxicity induced by therapeutic anti-CD20 antibody rituximab. (haematologica.org)
They are essential in determining B cell antibody class switching , in the activation and growth of cytotoxic T cells , and in maximizing bactericidal activity of phagocytes such as macrophages . (wikidoc.org)
Historically, NK cells have been considered part of the innate immune system, recognizing and eliminating virus-infected or tumor cells either directly by release of cytotoxic granules or indirectly by cytokine release and facilitation of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). (nih.gov)
After cloning the antibody genes into an expression vector, this is then transfected into an appropriate host cell line for antibody expression. (cellsignal.com)
Mammalian cell lines are most commonly used for recombinant antibody production, although cell lines of bacterial, yeast, or insect origin are also suitable. (cellsignal.com)
Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) was evaluated with FRβ positive CHO cells as target cells and isolated peripheral blood monocytes as effector cells in an in vitro assay. (biomedcentral.com)
Variable region constitutes the antibody binding region of the molecule to the different antigens as it consists of about 110 amino acids that vary widely among the different antibody molecules. (medscape.com)
1) Antibody deficiency disorders are defects in immunoglobulin-producing B cells . (lu.se)
3) T cell deficiencies result usually in combined immunodeficiencies (CIDs), where both T cells and antibody production are defective. (lu.se)

1 , 2 , 14 Phosphorylation of tyrosines in immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs (ITAMs) of CD3-ζ molecules is important for T-cell activation. (ashpublications.org)
Antigen-presenting cells present antigens in the form of peptides on histocompatibility molecules. (wikipedia.org)
The addition of separate adapter molecules (AMs) specific for tumor antigens and CAR-immune cells targeting these AMs allows a more precise and temporally limited therapy. (nature.com)
T cells stand out from other immune cells because they are equipped with molecules on their surfaces called T-cell receptors that recognize fragments of foreign proteins called antigens. (uclahealth.org)
T cells mature in the thymus, where their affinity to MHC molecules is tested prior to subsequent release into the periphery. (biorxiv.org)
Antigens are molecules that start the immune response in your body. (cancer.net)
Many other key molecules in cellular immunology are being studied, such as non-classical or MHC homologues: for example, CD1 binds lipid, glycolipid, and lipopeptide antigens from the cell walls of microbial pathogens and the NK family of receptors recognizes classical as well as distant MHC homologues. (scripps.edu)
Studies on other pattern recognition receptors, include peptidoglycan recognition protein (PGRP), TREM-1, Toll-like receptors (TLR) have revealed how unique pathogen-associated molecules are recognized by the immune system. (scripps.edu)
Therefore, SLE is currently believed to be a T cell-driven condition and, indeed, targeting molecules expressed on T cells and their signalling pathways can be one of the potential therapeutic strategies in SLE. (hindawi.com)
The current state of clinical trials evaluating therapeutic agents which target molecules expressing on and inside T cells for the treatment of SLE will be updated. (hindawi.com)
Function of T helper cells: Antigen presenting cells ( APCs ) present antigen on their Class II MHC molecules ( MHC2 ). (wikidoc.org)
NFKB 105 subunit for example is a polypetide gene enhancer of genes in B cells.The receptors are ligand binding factors of type 1, 2 or 3 and protein-molecules that receive chemical-signals from outside a cell. (mc1-r.com)
The Human B Cell Activation Factorr From The Tumor Necrosis Factor Family Receptor(BAFF-R)ELISA Kit is a ready to use kit manufactured by using high quality antibodies sets, plates, solutions and detection molecules. (mc1-r.com)
Sialic acid -binding immunoglobulin -like lectins ( Siglecs ) are a family of membrane molecules that recognize sialic acid . (bvsalud.org)
Siglecs recognize both sialylated molecules expressed on the same cell (cis- ligands ) and those expressed by other cells (trans- ligands ). (bvsalud.org)
Interaction of CD22 with other CD22 molecules induces CD22 clustering that suppresses CD22-mediated signal inhibition upon BCR ligation , and interaction with ß7 integrin maintains its function in the gut-homing of B cells . (bvsalud.org)
The immune system is an inherent self-defense system consisting of cells that helps the body distinguish between self and non-self molecules. (medscape.com)
Antigens are the molecules that are recognized and stimulate the cells of immune system. (medscape.com)
These may be different molecules within the cells like proteins, polysaccharides, or nucleoproteins and may also be the whole cell, like a tumor cell or organisms like bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites, or agents containing genetic material such as nucleic acids or lipids. (medscape.com)
Immunoglobulins (Igs), the term is sometimes used interchangeably with "antibodies," are glycoprotein molecules produced by B lymphocytes and plasma cells in response to an immunogen or after recognition of specific epitopes on the antigen. (medscape.com)
Adaptive immune mechanisms recognize and neutralize foreign molecules or microorganisms in a specific manner. (lu.se)
Deficiencies are highly variable with regard to symptoms, phenotype, genotype, severity, etc, because many cells and molecules are required for both natural and adaptive immunity . (lu.se)

Upon exposure to an antigen, only the lymphocytes that recognize that antigen are activated and expanded, a process known as clonal selection. (wikipedia.org)
Some EBOV infections generate a cytokine storm, which hinders peripheral natural killer cells (NK) and T and B lymphocytes. (cdc.gov)
In approved products, a patient's own T lymphocytes are collected by apheresis and transduced with a gene that encodes for a CAR to direct the T cells against cancer cells. (medscape.com)
Compelling evidence has however shown that without the assistance of the helper T lymphocytes, it is indeed difficult for the "helpless" B cells to become functional enough to trigger SLE-related inflammation. (hindawi.com)
It is highly expressed on neutrophils and monocytes, and at lower levels on the subpopulations of T and B lymphocytes and NK cells. (biolegend.com)
Leu-23: an early activation antigen on human lymphocytes. (bdbiosciences.com)
They're called lymphocytes and they have a protein called CD4 and this is a protein that HIV absolutely requires to gain entry to a cell. (thenakedscientists.com)
Although human CD20 has previously been described as functional selection marker and suicide gene after retroviral transfer to T lymphocytes, 9 , 10 the specificities of these T cells were unknown, and therefore a potential effect of CD20 on antigen-specific T-cell functions could not be investigated. (haematologica.org)
T helper cells (also known as effector T cells or T h cells ) are a sub-group of lymphocytes (a type of white blood cell or leukocyte ) that plays an important role in establishing and maximizing the capabilities of the immune system . (wikidoc.org)
The two main types of lymphocytes are T cells and B cells , which function in the adaptive immune system . (newworldencyclopedia.org)
The NK cells are sometimes labeled "large granular lymphocytes," while the T cells and B cells are labeled as "small lymphocytes. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
While offering protection against millions of possible invaders, including viruses , bacteria , are cancer cells, lymphocytes allow normal body cells and helpful, symbiotic bacteria to flourish at the same time. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
The two main categories of lymphocytes are the B lymphocytes ( B cells ) and T lymphocytes ( T cell ), both of which are involved in the adaptive immune system (Alberts 1989). (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) may have greater tumoricidal activity than LAK cells. (msdmanuals.com)
Antibodies can be found on the surface of lymphocytes as an integral part of the cell membrane protein or can be freely circulating in the blood or be part of one of the body's gland secretion. (medscape.com)
In ITP, for example, his laboratory is interested in how platelet antigens are processed and presented by antigen-presenting cells to activate T lymphocytes. (lu.se)
Lymphocytes, B and T cells, can respond selectively to thousands of non-self materials. (lu.se)

This type of treatment is known as adoptive immunotherapy and the cells that are infused into the patients are known as universal chimeric antigen receptor T cells (UCAR T cells). (upenn.edu)

The most active T cell endogenous inhibitory pathway is the immunoglobulin superfamily such as CD28/cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4): B7-1/B7-2 receptor/ligand grouping, which plays a central role in coordinating immune responses [ 7 , 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
Many surface receptors relay signals into the interior of the cell by changing their spatial structure after ligand binding. (news-medical.net)
In this sense, am olfactory receptor is a protein-molecule that recognizes and responds to endogenous-chemical signals, chemokinesor cytokines e.g. an acetylcholine-receptor recognizes and responds to its endogenous-ligand, acetylcholine. (mc1-r.com)
The ligand interactions of B cell Siglecs are involved in the prevention of autoimmunity to sialylated self-antigens and in the quality control of signaling-competent B cells. (bvsalud.org)
Recognition of the BCR as a cis- ligand by Siglec -G and CD22 suppresses BCR signaling in B-1 cells and conventional B cells , respectively. (bvsalud.org)

One way to achieve this is to genetically modify immune cells, mainly T cells and recently also natural killer (NK) cells, to express chimeric antigen receptors (CARs). (nature.com)
In this process, T cells are collected from patients via leukapheresis and then re-engineered to express chimeric antigen receptors. (medscape.com)

Novel understanding in the interaction between immune system and cancer cells of the patient holds great promise for immunotherapy development [ 4 - 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
It is noted that T cell has great potential for immunotherapy of hematological malignancies. (hindawi.com)
For the structural analysis, the researchers chose a T-cell receptor used in immunotherapy to treat melanoma and which had been optimized for this purpose in several steps in such a way that it binds its antigen as tightly as possible. (news-medical.net)
With immunotherapy, we can work on targeting and destroying those cancer cells that are growing rapidly and creating the cancer. (karmanos.org)
The journey of figuring out how to use the immune system to treat cancer started in the late 1800s, and now two centuries later, immunotherapy - a treatment that enhances the body's complex network of cells and proteins - is emerging as one of the newer forms of cancer treatment. (karmanos.org)
CAR T cell immunotherapy could suggest promise for many children battling relapsed ALL. (cheapautomotorinsurance.com)
One type, known as CAR T cell immunotherapy, is suggesting fresh hope and cures to patients with relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). (cheapautomotorinsurance.com)
Immunotherapy recruits the body's own immune system to identify and kill cancer cells. (cheapautomotorinsurance.com)
Immunotherapy treatments activate the individual's immune system so it can see cancer cells among the healthy cells, stop them from growing and kill existing cancer cells. (cheapautomotorinsurance.com)
What is the "CAR" part of CAR T cell immunotherapy? (cheapautomotorinsurance.com)
What are side effects of CAR T cell immunotherapy? (cheapautomotorinsurance.com)
For now, CAR T cell immunotherapy offers the most promise for leukemia. (cheapautomotorinsurance.com)
Who has CAR T cell immunotherapy helped? (cheapautomotorinsurance.com)
Some immunotherapy treatments help the immune system stop or slow the growth of cancer cells. (cancer.net)
We propose to develop an innovative adaptive cellular immunotherapy (ACIT) utilizing Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR)-engineered T cells, which respond to both CD19+ cells and cytomegalovirus (CMV) antigen, namely CMV-CD19 bi-specific T cells, followed by CMV vaccine to further expand the T cells in vivo. (lls.org)
Northside Hospital Cancer Institute (NHCI) has been providing cancer immunotherapy for decades in the form of allogeneic stem cell transplantation, in which a donor's bone marrow or blood is transplanted into a patient to cure aggressive blood cancers. (northside.com)
Northside Hospital Cancer Institute's Immunotherapy Program is part of our nationally recognized treatment center for blood and marrow transplants. (northside.com)
With immunotherapy, instead of directly targeting cancer cells themselves, we indirectly boost one's immune system to fight the cancer. (northside.com)
In passive cellular immunotherapy, specific effector cells are directly infused and are not induced within the patient. (msdmanuals.com)
Passive cellular immunotherapy references A number of immunologic interventions, both passive and active, can be directed against tumor cells. (msdmanuals.com)
In passive cellular immunotherapy, specific effector cells. (msdmanuals.com)
CAR T cell immunotherapy for human cancer. (msdmanuals.com)
From the abstract: 'Neoadjuvant or adjuvant immunotherapy can improve outcomes in patients with resectable non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). (cdc.gov)
Our goal is to advance our ability to treat cancer using cell-based immunotherapy. (lu.se)

T cells are our immune system's customized tools for fighting infectious diseases and tumor cells. (news-medical.net)
These antigens are sometimes normal parts of a cell that act differently in tumor cells (for example, a tumor cell might make much more of a particular protein than a normal cell). (clevelandclinic.org)
Other times, they come from mutations in the tumor's genes or from a virus inside the tumor cells. (clevelandclinic.org)
Tumor-specific neoantigens, which are expressed on tumor cells, can induce an effective antitumor cytotoxic T-cell response and mediate tumor regression. (wjgnet.com)
The aim of adoptive T-cell therapy of cancer is to selectively confer immunity against tumor cells. (haematologica.org)
At last, scientists had devised a way to reprogram a person's own T cells to attack tumor cells. (ajmc.com)
Pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages hold the potential to engulf tumor cells. (springer.com)
A number of immunologic interventions, both passive and active, can be directed against tumor cells. (msdmanuals.com)
Tumor Antigens Many tumor cells produce antigens, which may be released in the bloodstream or remain on the cell surface. (msdmanuals.com)
TAAs) with high specificity to tumor cells. (msdmanuals.com)
Chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) recognize specific proteins on the surface of tumor cells. (msdmanuals.com)
In contrast to TCR T cells, CAR T cells recognize only relatively large proteins on the surface of tumor cells. (msdmanuals.com)
Concomitant use of interferon enhances the expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens and TAAs on tumor cells, thereby augmenting the killing of tumor cells by the infused effector cells. (msdmanuals.com)
T-cell engagers are bispecific antibodies that recruit cytotoxic T cells to kill tumor cells. (msdmanuals.com)
We hope to provide the blueprints for a new generation of smart circuit immune cells that can be tailored to perform precise actions upon combinatorial antigen signatures to enable safe and effective targeting of tumor cells. (lu.se)
In a recent study, researchers compared radiographic imaging of tumors with an assay of ctDNA, cancer antigen 15-3 ( CA 15-3 ), and circulating tumor cells in 30 women with MBC who were receiving systemic therapy. (medscape.com)
[ 4 ] CA 15-3 levels and numbers of circulating tumor cells were measured at identical time points. (medscape.com)
ctDNA was successfully detected in 97% women in whom somatic genomic alterations were identified, and CA 15-3 and circulating tumor cells were detected in 78% and 87%, respectively. (medscape.com)
ctDNA levels showed a greater dynamic range, and greater correlation with changes in tumor burden, than did CA 15-3 or circulating tumor cells. (medscape.com)

For T-cell receptor (TCR) recognition, the peptide must be processed into small fragments inside the cell and presented by a major histocompatibility complex (MHC). (wikipedia.org)
They carry a special receptor called the T-cell receptor on their surface that recognizes antigens - small protein fragments of bacteria, viruses and infected or cancerous body cells - which are presented by specialized immune complexes. (news-medical.net)
T cells are equipped with molecular receptors on their surfaces that recognize foreign protein fragments called antigens. (sciencedaily.com)
Cancer cells release small fragments of ctDNA into the bloodstream, most commonly through apoptosis. (medscape.com)

Most CARs that are being evaluated in current clinical and preclinical studies recognize self-antigens that are expressed by normal tissues as well as malignant cells. (ashpublications.org)
Antibodies usually do not react with self-antigens due to negative selection of T cells in the thymus and B cells in the bone marrow. (wikipedia.org)
The diseases in which antibodies react with self antigens and damage the body's own cells are called autoimmune diseases. (wikipedia.org)
In essence, the function of T cells and B cells is to recognize specific "non-self" antigens , during a process known as antigen presentation. (newworldencyclopedia.org)

Furthermore, the so-called adapter CARs have been developed by splitting antigen recognition and CAR-immune cell activation. (nature.com)

CAR-expression on T or NK cells allows them to specifically target cancer cells via recognition of tumor associated antigens. (nature.com)
Antigen recognition by T cells bearing αβ T cell receptors (TCRs) is restricted by major histocompatibility complex (MHC). (rcsb.org)
Although γδ T cells can recognize nonclassical MHC, it is generally thought that recognition of antigens is not MHC restricted. (rcsb.org)
Cloning and transferring of MART-1-specific γδ TCRs restored the specific recognition of the initial antigen MHC/peptide reactivity and conferred antigen-specific functional responses. (rcsb.org)
An important step in this process is the recognition of endogenous nucleic acids released from dying cells by various pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), including Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and other cytosolic receptors. (frontiersin.org)
Antigen recognition depends on both T-cell specificity and the molecular complex presenting the antigen. (biorxiv.org)
Successful antigen recognition requires T cells to effectively recognize the body's MHC and coordinate a response. (biorxiv.org)
Innate immunity gets activated when the host cell utilizes a diverse set of receptors known as pattern recognition receptors (PRR) to recognize the viruses that have penetrated the host and respond with cellular processes like complement system, phagocytosis, cytokine release and inflammation and destruction of NK cells. (amrita.edu)
Our major goal is to understand the interaction and neutralization of foreign antigens by the immune system through high-resolution x-ray structural studies of antibodies, Variable Lymphocyte Rectors (VLRs) and antigens in the humoral system, T-cell receptor complexes with MHC class I and class II in the cellular system, and through pattern recognition receptors, such as TLRs, in the innate immune system. (scripps.edu)
CD3 epsilon is one of at least four invariant proteins that associate with the variable antigen recognition chains of the T cell receptor and function in signal transduction. (rndsystems.com)
Donor T cells may also induce GvHD due to recognition of allo-antigens on non-malignant tissues of the patient. (haematologica.org)
A Siglec -10 variant deficient in recognition of gangliosides is genetically associated with GBS, suggesting that Siglec -10 induces self -tolerance to gangliosides by recognizing gangliosides as trans- ligands . (bvsalud.org)

Epitope - the distinct surface features of an antigen, its antigenic determinant. (wikipedia.org)
The T cells diminished their reactivity to each epitope after stimulation but sequentially killed targets that presented the gag epitope and then targets that presented the nef epitope, or vice versa. (nih.gov)
However, limited data are available about sequence variability in CD8 + T cell epitope regions of mumps virus (MuV) proteins. (mdpi.com)
In the present study, sequences of 40 CD8 + T cell epitope candidates, including previously and newly identified, obtained from Jeryl-Lynn mumps vaccine strains were compared with genomes from 462 circulating MuV strains. (mdpi.com)
We have defined a broadly neutralizing epitope in all group 1 influenza subtypes and are working on other antibodies that recognize group 2 as well as those that cross all subtypes. (scripps.edu)
While polyclonal antibodies are secreted by many different B cell clones and recognize multiple antigenic epitopes, monoclonals originate from a single B cell clone and are specific for just one epitope. (cellsignal.com)

Normally, potentially malignant cells are continuously eliminated by the immune system, but cancer cells can accumulate certain mutations, which allow them to escape these mechanisms [ 2 ]. (nature.com)
CAR-modified immune cells are expanded until sufficient cell numbers are attained and are adoptively transferred into the patient to fight malignant cells. (nature.com)
it recognizes a specific protein on the surface of malignant cells (eg, CD19 on B-cells). (medscape.com)
By infusing these CAR T cells back into the patient, the engineered cells seek out and eliminate malignant cells. (lls.org)
1 , 2 The anti-tumor effect of DLI is mediated by donor T cells recognizing allo-antigens on the malignant cells of the recipient. (haematologica.org)
The immune system has a remarkable capacity to scan tissues to recognize and eliminate abnormal and malignant cells. (lu.se)
We also study endogenous anti-tumoral immunological responses to discover new approaches to fully direct and enhance the collective environmental response toward malignant cells. (lu.se)

Most antigens have the potential to be bound by multiple antibodies, each of which is specific to one of the antigen's epitopes. (wikipedia.org)
T cell responses typically are directed against a relatively few immunodominant epitopes, although in some cases (e.g., infection with the malaria pathogen Plasmodium spp. (wikipedia.org)
Cell sorting revealed that one individual cell indeed recognized both epitopes. (nih.gov)
Recently, the first set of naturally presented human leukocyte antigen Class I (HLA-I) epitopes of MuV was identified by us. (mdpi.com)
Immunological memory, or the ability of the adaptive immune response to recognize previously encountered pathogen epitopes with exquisite specificity and speed, is a fundamental principle in vaccine development, yet this process takes days to weeks to develop. (nih.gov)
Epitopes are a component of the antigen that are recognized by the immune system and determine whether the cellular or the humoral arm of the immune system shall be activated against that particular antigen. (medscape.com)

There are bacteria that have the ability to impact the body's own immune system, either negatively by suppressing it or positively by boosting it, in both cases, impacting how the body both responds to cancer cells and their development or progression and in how the patient will respond to specific therapeutics. (mlo-online.com)
Antigens are found on viruses, bacteria, tumors and normal cells of your body. (clevelandclinic.org)
You might hear your own body's antigens referred to as "self" and viruses, bacteria and other harmful antigens referred to as "non-self. (clevelandclinic.org)
These include cells that are infected with bacteria or a virus that mark themselves to be destroyed by the immune system. (clevelandclinic.org)
During an immune response, professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) endocytose (absorb) foreign material (typically bacteria or viruses ), which undergoes processing , then travel from the infection site to the lymph nodes . (wikidoc.org)
B cells respond to pathogens by producing large quantities of antibodies that then neutralize foreign objects like bacteria and viruses . (newworldencyclopedia.org)
The humoral immune system acts against bacteria and viruses in the body liquids (e.g., blood ) by means of proteins called immunoglobulins (also known as antibodies ), which are produced by B cells. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Secreted antibodies bind to antigens on the surfaces of invading microbes (such as viruses or bacteria), which flags them for destruction. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Different pathways regulate different immune cells to help the body differentiate the bodies own healthy cells from disease-causing agents including bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites, cancerous cells, and many more. (medscape.com)
When the body recognizes foreign invaders, such as bacteria, it stimulates inflammation to help fight the infection. (medlineplus.gov)

The presence of antigens in the body may trigger an immune response. (wikipedia.org)
Immunodominant antigens - Antigens that dominate (over all others from a pathogen) in their ability to produce an immune response. (wikipedia.org)
Researchers around the world are exploring methods to collect T cells with receptors targeting cancer or other illnesses like the SARS-CoV-2 virus from patients, expand those cells in the lab and then return this larger population of targeted T cells to patients to boost their immune response. (uclahealth.org)
These so-called bystander cells are excited by the activity around them, but are not really capable of reacting to the antigen that provoked the immune response," said Witte, who holds the presidential chair in developmental immunology in the department of microbiology, immunology and molecular genetics and is a member of the UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center. (uclahealth.org)
Once you know the sequence of a T-cell receptor of interest, you can use that information to develop therapies that either make more of that cell in the case of fighting cancer and viruses or introduce regulatory T cells with this receptor sequence to curb an overactive immune response in a given area," Nesterenko said. (uclahealth.org)
Normally, checkpoints keep your immune response from being too strong and harming healthy cells. (karmanos.org)
T cells make up a key component of the adaptive immune response and allow the body to respond to the diverse range of pathogens it may encounter. (biorxiv.org)
T cells that encounter their specific cognate MHC-presented antigen will bind and proliferate, leading to an immune response. (biorxiv.org)
From this elementary immune response, the more complex antigen-specific adaptive responses are recruited to provide a long-lasting memory against the pathogens. (amrita.edu)
They are generated by immunizing an animal with an antigen to elicit an immune response. (cellsignal.com)
In response to pathogens, some T cells, called "helper T cells," produce cytokines that direct the immune response while other T cells, called "cytotoxic T cells," produce toxic granules that induce the death of pathogen infected cells. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
As one of the first lines of defense against infection, Toll-like receptors recognize patterns that are common to many foreign invaders, rather than recognizing a specific invader, and stimulate a quick immune response that triggers inflammation. (medlineplus.gov)

Diverse antigen receptors are made by cells of the immune system so that each cell has a specificity for a single antigen. (wikipedia.org)
This process theoretically provides a line of T cells with greater tumor specificity than those obtained from the blood. (msdmanuals.com)

Adoptive T-cell therapy with anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-expressing T cells is a new approach for treating advanced B-cell malignancies. (ashpublications.org)
To evaluate anti-CD19-CAR-transduced T cells in a murine model of adoptive T-cell therapy, we developed a CAR that specifically recognized murine CD19. (ashpublications.org)
We used T cells that were retrovirally transduced with this CAR to treat mice bearing a syngeneic lymphoma that naturally expressed the self-antigen murine CD19. (ashpublications.org)
One infusion of anti-CD19-CAR-transduced T cells completely eliminated normal B cells from mice for at least 143 days. (ashpublications.org)
Anti-CD19-CAR-transduced T cells eradicated intraperitoneally injected lymphoma cells and large subcutaneous lymphoma masses. (ashpublications.org)
The antilymphoma efficacy of anti-CD19-CAR-transduced T cells was critically dependent on irradiation of mice before anti-CD19-CAR-transduced T-cell infusion. (ashpublications.org)
Our results demonstrated impressive antilymphoma activity and profound destruction of normal B cells caused by anti-CD19-CAR-transduced T cells in a clinically relevant murine model. (ashpublications.org)
CD19 expression is restricted to normal mature B cells, malignant B cells, and B-cell precursors. (ashpublications.org)
12 , 13 Clinical trials in which patients with advanced B-cell malignancies receive T cells expressing anti-CD19 CARs are in early stages, and it is not known whether adoptive transfer of T cells targeting this self-antigen will be an effective therapy for B-cell malignancies. (ashpublications.org)
1 In addition, the optimal approach to treating patients with anti-CD19-CAR-expressing T cells is not known. (ashpublications.org)
To establish a murine model in which a completely syngeneic lymphoma could be treated by adoptive transfer of syngeneic CAR-transduced T cells, we developed a CAR that could specifically recognize murine CD19. (ashpublications.org)
Of note, CD19, CD20, CD30, CD33, CD123, and CD269 as ideal targets have shown extraordinary potential for CAR-T cell therapy and other targets such as CD23 and SLAMF7 have brought promising future for clinical trials. (hindawi.com)
Kochenderfer et al described dramatic regression of the lymphoma after infusion of CAR T cells engineered to target CD19. (medscape.com)
In current clinical development, targeting CD19 + B cell malignancies, which include acute and chronic B-cell leukaemia and B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs), with anti-CD19 CAR-T cells is one of the most advanced adoptive T-cell therapies and has been approved by the FDA. (nature.com)
The CAR T cells currently available target another surface antigen, CD19, and are a much more potent therapy. (medscape.com)
Here, we propose to utilize CAR-engineered T cells, which respond to both leukemic (CD19+) cells and cytomegalovirus (CMV) antigen, namely CMV/CD19 bi-specific T cells, followed by CMV vaccine (Triplex), recently developed and clinically evaluated at City of Hope, to further expand the T cells in vivo in ALL patients who underwent allogeneic HCT. (lls.org)
The proposed strategy is design to enhance proliferation, lengthen persistence and augment the anti-lymphoma activity of adoptively transferred CMV-CD19 CAR T cells. (lls.org)
In total, 3 CAR T-cell therapies are now on the market, all targeting the CD19 antigen. (ajmc.com)

However, how antigens are recognized by T cells bearing γδ TCRs remains unclear. (rcsb.org)
A crystal structure of a MART-1-specific γδ TCR, together with MHC/peptide, revealed distinctive but similar docking properties to those previously reported for αβ TCRs, recognizing MART-1 on HLA-A*0201. (rcsb.org)
Phenotypic and functional alterations in lupus T cells including expansion of the Th17 population, perturbations of the physiology of T-cell receptors (TCRs) and postreceptor downstream signalling, oxidative stress, and epigenetic changes result in exaggeration of TCR response to stimuli and the propensity of lupus T cells to get activated [ 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
T cells recognize antigens presented to them by the major histocompatibility complex of antigen-presenting cells via the TCRs expressed on their surface. (hindawi.com)
Stimulation of TCRs upon antigen binding triggers downstream signalling pathways which enables various physiological functions of the T cells. (hindawi.com)
4 In addition, TCRs for minor histocompatibility antigens, including HA-1 and HA-2, have been transferred to donor-derived virus-specific T cells to treat patients with hematologic malignancies after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. (haematologica.org)
CD4 + T cells have TcRs with an affinity for Class II MHC, and it is believed that CD4 is involved in determining MHC affinity during maturation in the thymus . (wikidoc.org)

There are three types of antigen-presenting cells in your body: macrophages, dendritic cells and B cells. (clevelandclinic.org)
The activation of a resting helper T cell causes it to release cytokines and other stimulatory signals (green arrows) that stimulate the activity of macrophages , killer T cells and B cells , the latter producing antibodies . (wikidoc.org)
Professional antigen presenting cells are primarily dendritic cells , macrophages and B cells , although dendritic cells are the only cell group that expresses MHC Class II constitutively (at all times). (wikidoc.org)
Macrophages, as one of the most abundant tumor-infiltrating cells, play an important role in tumor development and metastasis. (springer.com)
Moreover, the genetic engineering of macrophages with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) allows them to recognize tumor antigens and perform tumor cell-specific phagocytosis. (springer.com)
Studies have indicated that FRβ is over-expressed in activated macrophages in autoimmune diseases and some cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
m909 was not only able to select FRβ positive, activated macrophages from synovial fluid cells of arthritis patients as efficiently as folate, but also able to mediate ADCC in FRβ positive cells. (biomedcentral.com)
The constant region at the carboxyl-terminal end of the heavy chain, called the Fc region, binds to the Fc receptors of neutrophils, eosinophils, macrophages, dendritic cells, B cells, and the natural killer (NK) cells. (medscape.com)
They can also stimulate the destruction of antigen by cells like macrophages, neutrophils, and eosinophils by covering the surface of the antigen by the Fc portion of the antibodies in a process known as "opsonization. (medscape.com)

These receptors have both extracellular and intracellular components. (medscape.com)
Here, we report that CAR-T cells release extracellular vesicles, mostly in the form of exosomes that carry CAR on their surface. (nature.com)
Typically, CARs consist of a target binding domain, which is an extracellular domain that is specifically expressed by CAR-T cells, a transmembrane domain, and a signalling domain, which is an intracellular domain that provides an activation signal to T cells. (nature.com)

Despite their efficiency, adoptive T-cell therapies show unique toxicities, which are distinct from those seen with conventional chemotherapies, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), and small-molecule-targeted therapies. (nature.com)
Thymus-dependent membrane antigens in man: inhibition of cell-mediated lympholysis by monoclonal antibodies to TH2 antigen. (bdbiosciences.com)
Traditional polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies are the product of normal B cell development and genetic recombination. (cellsignal.com)
Bispecific monoclonal antibodies are biologic agents (proteins) given by IV that attach to both immune cells and cancer cells and bring them together in proximity to strengthen the immune system's ability to fight cancer. (northside.com)

Removing senescent T cells from the physiological cycle to maintain the homeostasis of memory and effector T cells is the way of replacement. (hindawi.com)
NK cells, among other cells, are key effector cells of the innate immune system and play a crucial role in the antiviral response. (cdc.gov)
The effector capability of NK cells has been described in a wide range of viral infections, such as hepatitis B, hepatitis C (HCV), HIV, and human cytomegalovirus infection ( 7 ). (cdc.gov)
The intracellular domains ensure intracellular signaling necessary to activate the effector functions of the CAR T cell. (medscape.com)
This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) will support basic, translational, and clinical research to improve the understanding of the effector or immunoregulatory potentials of NK cells for HIV prevention, control and/or eradication. (nih.gov)
Current research strategies aiming to prevent, control or eradicate HIV emphasize the adaptive arm of the immune system, harnessing effector functions of cytotoxic T cells, helper T cells, B cells and antibodies to attack HIV and HIV-infected cells. (nih.gov)
Accordingly, long-lived memory precursor effector T cells and antigen-specific T cells were increased by PD-1 blockade in intracranial lesions. (bvsalud.org)
Unlike folate-drug conjugates, m909 selectively binds to FRβ, does not recognize FRα, and has at least one effector function. (biomedcentral.com)

15 In addition to promoting T-cell activation, the first and third ITAMs of the CD3-ζ molecule have been shown to cause apoptosis, and inactivation of the first and third ITAMs of the CD3-ζ molecule by converting their tyrosine residues to phenylalanines has been shown to decrease T-cell apoptosis. (ashpublications.org)
depending on the antigen and the type of the histocompatibility molecule, different types of T cells will be activated. (wikipedia.org)
The T-cell receptor in complex with pMHC has revealed how peptide antigens can be recognized in the context of the MHC molecule. (scripps.edu)
NK cells distinguish infected cells and tumors from normal and uninfected cells by recognizing alterations in levels of a surface molecule called MHC (major histocompatibility complex) class I. NK cells are activated in response to proteins called interferons . (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Any molecule capable of being recognized by the immune system is considered an antigen. (msdmanuals.com)

Juno is developing cell-based cancer immunotherapies based on chimeric antigen receptor and high-affinity T cell receptor technologies to genetically engineer T cells to recognize and kill cancer. (biospace.com)

We studied the relationship between KIR-human leukocyte antigen (HLA) combinations and the clinical outcomes of patients with Ebola virus disease (EVD). (cdc.gov)
As the MHC is encoded by highly polymorphic human leukocyte antigen (HLA) loci in humans, this process of thymic selection occurs within the context of an individual's HLA type. (biorxiv.org)

in some instances, however, antibodies may cross-react to bind more than one antigen. (wikipedia.org)
Once infused, the cells continue to expand in number and bind to cancer cells via the engineered receptor, resulting in immunologic cancer cell death. (medscape.com)
Antibodies lock on (bind) to antigens so that your immune system can destroy them. (clevelandclinic.org)
Some APCs also bind native (or unprocessed) antigens to their surface, such as follicular dendritic cells , but unprocessed antigens do not interact with T cells and are not involved in their activation. (wikidoc.org)
The antigens that bind to MHC proteins are always short peptides , 8-10 amino acids long for MHC Class I, and up to 25 or so for MHC Class II. (wikidoc.org)
The human body has the ability to form millions of different types of B cells each day, and each type has a unique receptor protein (referred to as the B cell receptor, or BCR) on its membrane that will bind to one particular antigen. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
When such chemical-signals couple or bind to a receptor, they cause some form of cellular/tissue-response, e.g. a change in the electrical-activity of a cell. (mc1-r.com)
The antibodies then specifically bind to only those particular antigens. (medscape.com)
Antibodies can bind to the different antigens causing agglutination and precipitation of the antigens leading to neutralization of the antigen effect. (medscape.com)

However, certain factors such as low junctional diversity, thymic selection, and T-cell proliferation upon antigen exposure can affect TCR sharing among individuals. (biorxiv.org)
Potential effects of forced CD20 expression on T-cell function were investigated by comparing CD20- and mock-transduced cytomegalovirus (CMV) specific T cells for cytolysis, cytokine release and proliferation. (haematologica.org)
Sphingolipids are an extensive class of lipids with different functions in the cell, ranging from proliferation to cell death. (frontiersin.org)
First, we are interested in Epstein Barr Virus-mediated mechanisms of immune evasion with particular emphasis on pathways that promote survival and proliferation of EBV B cell lymphomas, the characterization of the human T cell and NK cell response to EBV and the identification of novel therapeutics for treatment of EBV B cell lymphomas. (stanford.edu)

Leucocyte Typing IV: White Cell Differentiation Antigens. (bdbiosciences.com)
Summary of T-cell studies performed during the Second International Workshop and Conference on Human Leukocyte Differentiation Antigens. (bdbiosciences.com)

The genetically modified autologous T cells are expanded in vitro at a production facility and then reinfused into the patient. (medscape.com)
Then, those T cells are genetically modified with the addition of the chimeric antigen receptor (that's the CAR part). (cheapautomotorinsurance.com)
The use of CD20 as suicide gene was investigated in CMV specific T cells and in T cells genetically modified with an antigen specific T-cell receptor. (haematologica.org)
In this approach, immune cells (known as T cells) are taken from a single human donor and genetically modified in the laboratory to express a receptor that recognizes B cells. (upenn.edu)
The genetically modified human cells are expanded outside of the body to produce large numbers of killer T cells that can recognize and kill the dog's B cells. (upenn.edu)
This study uses genetically modified human CAR T cells. (upenn.edu)
The human T cells will be genetically modified in the laboratory to become UCART-20 cells designed to recognize, target, and kill CD20+ B cells. (upenn.edu)
Cell-based immunotherapies, including CAR T-cell therapy, refer to a treatment option where immune cells are taken directly from a patient and genetically modified to be more effective tumor-fighting immune cells. (northside.com)

Once at the lymph nodes, the APC begins to present antigen peptides that are bound to Class II MHC, allowing CD4 + T cells that express specific TcR's against the peptide/MHC complex to activate. (wikidoc.org)

The purpose of this Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) is to foster interdisciplinary basic, translational, and clinical research that will define Natural Killer (NK) cell functions and interactions with other components of the innate and adaptive immune system affecting the potency and durability of HIV-1-specific immunity, including vaccine efficacy, reservoir size, reactivation or post-treatment control. (nih.gov)
Conversely, the innate immune system, including epithelial barriers, the complement system, phagocytes, dendritic cells (DCs) and Natural Killer (NK) cells, provides a much more rapid and less specific response to infection. (nih.gov)
NK cells can modulate the magnitude and quality of adaptive immune responses by interacting with, editing or killing dendritic cells or B and T cells, thereby bridging the innate and adaptive immune responses. (nih.gov)
Other lymphocyte-like cells are commonly known as natural killer cells, or NK cells, and are part of the innate immune system . (newworldencyclopedia.org)
In addition, lymphocyte-like cells called natural killer (NK) cells are involved in the immune system, albeit part of the innate immune system . (newworldencyclopedia.org)
The cells that have the inherent property of innate and adaptive immunity within the body are present at different sites including the blood, lymphatic system (lymph, lymphoid nodules and lymphoid organs), epithelium, and connective tissues. (medscape.com)
In platelet refractoriness, his group studies the pro-inflammatory nature of platelets responsible for adverse reactions during platelet transfusions, particularly how platelet Toll-like receptor expression modulates innate immune mechanisms. (lu.se)

A particular challenge on the way to structure determination was to isolate the whole antigen receptor assembly consisting of eleven different subunits from the cell membrane. (news-medical.net)
Scientists from the Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research at UCLA have developed a technique that will enable researchers to more efficiently isolate and identify rare T cells that are capable of targeting viruses, cancer and other diseases. (uclahealth.org)
When researchers attempt to isolate T cells with specific receptors using traditional methods, they end up capturing many of these bystander cells. (uclahealth.org)
The EasySep™ Human CD56 Positive Selection Kit II is designed to isolate CD56+ cells from fresh or previously frozen peripheral blood mononuclear cells and human skeletal muscle (myoblasts and fibroblasts) cultures by positive selection. (stemcell.com)
Functional recombinant FRβ protein was produced in insect cells and used as antigen to isolate a mAb, m909, from a human naïve Fab phage display library. (biomedcentral.com)

CD8 + T cells play a critical role in immunity to viruses. (mdpi.com)
Antigens are usually proteins or sugars (polysaccharides) found on the outside of things like cells or viruses. (clevelandclinic.org)
Ravi - So HIV is what we call a retrovirus which means that it infects cells, as many other viruses do, except this time rather than just making copies of itself, it actually integrates into the genes or chromosomes of the individual so it's there permanently. (thenakedscientists.com)

The subsequent images collected at the cryo-electron microscope delivered groundbreaking insights into how the T-cell receptor works, as Tampé summarises: 'On the basis of our structural analysis, we were able to show how the T-cell receptor assembles and recognizes antigens and hypothesize how signal transduction is triggered after antigen binding. (news-medical.net)

Vaccines are examples of antigens in an immunogenic form, which are intentionally administered to a recipient to induce the memory function of the adaptive immune system towards antigens of the pathogen invading that recipient. (wikipedia.org)
The adaptive immune system of a healthy adult includes up to 10 15 highly diverse T cells ( 1 , 2 ). (biorxiv.org)
In many species, the adaptive immune system can be divided into two major sections, the humoral immune system and the cell-mediated immune system . (newworldencyclopedia.org)

The basis of specific immunity lies in the capacity of immune cells to distinguish between proteins produced by the body's own cells ("self" antigen -those of the original organism), and proteins produced by invaders or cells under control of a virus ("non-self" antigen-or what is not recognized as the original organism). (newworldencyclopedia.org)

These include exogenous antigens, endogenous antigens, autoantigens and tumor antigens. (clevelandclinic.org)
Endogenous antigens exist on cells inside your body. (clevelandclinic.org)
Red blood cell antigens and special markers that your body recognizes as "self" (HLAs) are also endogenous antigens. (clevelandclinic.org)
Animal studies have shown that LAK cells are more effective against cancer cells than are the original endogenous T cells, presumably because of their greater number. (msdmanuals.com)

Viral RNA or DNA or viral intermediate products are recognized by receptors like toll-like receptors(TLRs), nucleotide oligomerization domain(NOD)-like receptors (NLRs) and retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLRs) thereby, inducing type I interferon response (IFN) and other proinflammatory cytokines in infected cells or other immune cells. (amrita.edu)

Researchers led by Lukas Sušac, Christoph Thomas, and Robert Tampé from the Institute of Biochemistry at Goethe University Frankfurt, in collaboration with Simon Davis from the University of Oxford and Gerhard Hummer from the Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, have now succeeded for the first time in visualizing the structure of a membrane-bound T-cell receptor complex with bound antigen. (news-medical.net)
In normal cells, folates are taken in through the reduced folate carrier (RFC) or proton-coupled folate transporter (PCFT), which are membrane-spanning proteins that facilitate bidirectional transportation of reduced folate across the plasma membrane and endosome membranes [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Normal neuromuscular junction showing a presynaptic terminal with a motor nerve ending in an enlargement (bouton terminale): Synaptic cleft and postsynaptic membrane with multiple folds and embedded with several acetylcholine receptors. (medscape.com)

Modular Design of Synthetic Receptors for Programmed Gene Regulation in Cell Therapies. (lu.se)

the corresponding author is Dr. Owen Witte, who holds the presidential chair in developmental immunology in the UCLA Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics and is founding director emeritus of the Broad Stem Cell Research Center. (sciencedaily.com)

Reprogramming is a promising treatment, which redifferentiates T-induced pluripotent stem cells (T-IPSCs) into naïve and cytotoxic T cells or dedifferentiates within their own lineage [ 13 ]. (hindawi.com)
For example, there are sub-groups of suppressor T cells , natural killer T cells , and cytotoxic T cells that are known to express CD4 (although cytotoxic examples have been observed in extremely low numbers in specific disease states, they are usually considered non-existent). (wikidoc.org)

Siglecs are cell surface receptors belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily that recognize sugar antigens. (biolegend.com)

This includes immunotherapies that aim to boost the function and quantity of cancer or virus-targeting T cells and therapies intended to regulate the activity of T cells that are overactive in autoimmune diseases such as diabetes and multiple sclerosis. (uclahealth.org)
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has offered a novel approach to treating hematologic cancers since 2017, but there are early signs that these cellular immunotherapies could be repurposed for B-cell mediated autoimmune diseases. (medscape.com)
The authors described seroconversion of antinuclear antibodies in two patients with the longest follow-up, "indicating that abrogation of autoimmune B-cell clones may lead to a more widespread correction of autoimmunity," the researchers write. (medscape.com)
Autoimmune side effects, however, remain a risk, emphasizing the relevance of a suicide mechanism allowing in vivo elimination of infused T cells. (haematologica.org)
The autoimmune attack occurs when autoantibodies form against the nicotinic acetylcholine postsynaptic receptors at the neuromuscular junction of skeletal muscles (see the image below). (medscape.com)
[ 1 , 2 ] Although the chief target of the autoimmune attack in most cases is the skeletal muscle nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR), other antigenic targets that are components of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) have also been implicated. (medscape.com)
This continuously evolving system sometimes reacts against the bodies own cells, identifying it as foreign, which leads to healthy tissue destruction and causes autoimmune diseases and cancers. (medscape.com)

Some of the genes thought to be associated with the development of antibiotic-refractory Lyme arthritis provide instructions for making proteins called Toll-like receptors. (medlineplus.gov)

CD69, clone L78, is derived from hybridization of mouse Sp2/0-Ag14 myeloma cells with lymph node cells from BALB/c mice immunized with a CD8 + alloantigen-directed cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) cell line. (bdbiosciences.com)
CD69 recognizes a very early human lymphocyte activation antigen. (bdbiosciences.com)
Herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSV-tk) is a well-established suicide gene that has been successfully used to control GvHD following donor lymphocyte infusions (DLI) after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. (haematologica.org)
A lymphocyte is a type of white blood cell (leukocyte) in the vertebrate immune system . (newworldencyclopedia.org)
A stained lymphocyte surrounded by red blood cells viewed using a light microscope. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Although antilymphocyte serum was used in the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia and in T-cell and B-cell lymphomas, resulting in temporary decreases in lymphocyte counts or lymph node size, newer humoral immunotherapeutic modalities have been developed. (msdmanuals.com)
The cellular response is mainly a lymphocyte-mediated reaction, whereas the humoral response includes production of antibodies against the antigen by the plasma cells. (medscape.com)
The earliest cell in B-lymphocyte lineage that produces Ig is the pre-B lymphocyte. (medscape.com)

Most of them are inhibitory receptors that inhibit immune- cell activation by recognizing sialic acid as a self -motif. (bvsalud.org)

Most CAR-T cell-based gene therapy products that are under clinical evaluation consist of autologous enriched T cells, whereas CAR-NK cell-based approaches can be generated from allogeneic donors. (nature.com)
An autologous CAR-T or NK cell therapy comprises several steps as shown in Fig. 1 . (nature.com)

T-independent antigen - Antigens that stimulate B cells directly. (wikipedia.org)
The co-receptor CD8 is known to approach the T-cell receptor after antigen binding and to stimulate the transfer of phosphate groups to its intracellular part. (news-medical.net)

15 We have recently conducted experiments that demonstrated enhanced in vitro survival of human T cells that were transduced with an ErbB2-specific CAR when the first and third ITAMs of the CD3-ζ domain of the CAR were inactivated. (ashpublications.org)
Superantigen - A class of antigens that cause non-specific activation of T-cells, resulting in polyclonal T-cell activation and massive cytokine release. (wikipedia.org)
T-dependent antigen - Antigens that require the assistance of T cells to induce the formation of specific antibodies. (wikipedia.org)
Hence, we generated T cells expressing two additional receptors (TETARs) specific for HIV-1 by TCR mRNA electroporation. (nih.gov)
Here, we took advantage of an in vitro system to generate antigen-specific human T cells and show that melanoma-associated antigens, MART-1 and gp100, can be recognized by γδ T cells in an MHC-restricted fashion. (rcsb.org)
Our work shows that antigen-specific and MHC-restricted γδ T cells can be generated in vitro and that MART-1-specific γδ T cells can also be found and cloned from the naïve repertoire. (rcsb.org)
Every T-cell receptor is capable of recognizing one specific antigen. (uclahealth.org)
Isolating T cells with specific receptors is only the first step. (uclahealth.org)
Antibodies are very specific to the antigens they recognize and destroy. (clevelandclinic.org)
You might hear these called tumor-associated antigens (TAA), tumor-specific antigens (TSA), neoantigens or oncogenic antigens. (clevelandclinic.org)
An antibody's job is to find antigens that fit the specific shape on their surface. (clevelandclinic.org)
Non-specific immunotherapies, also called non-specific immunomodulating agents, help your immune system destroy cancer cells. (cancer.net)
Immunochemical analysis of the T-cell-specific antigens. (bdbiosciences.com)
T-cell receptor (TCR) gene transfer is an attractive strategy for rapid in vitro generation of high numbers of antigen specific T cells. (haematologica.org)
The purpose of this study is to determine the safety, persistence and effectiveness of B cell specific UCART cells to target and kill B cells in dogs with B cell cancers. (upenn.edu)
Once they have identified an invader, the cells generate specific responses that are tailored to maximally eliminate specific pathogens, or pathogen infected cells. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Throughout the lifetime of an animal, these memory cells will "remember" each specific pathogen encountered, and are able to mount a strong response if the pathogen is detected again. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Most patients with primary Sjogren syndrome have two specific antibodies: against Ro (SS-A) and La (SSB) antigens. (medscape.com)
In Sweden, there has been a steady prostate-specific antigen (PSA) velocity for the diagnosis of pros- decrease in age-standardized breast cancer mortality in women up tate cancer (15). (lu.se)

Adoptive T-cell therapy with T cells expressing chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) is an active area of cancer research. (ashpublications.org)
Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) with chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells can restore the activity of exhausted T cell through reprogramming and is widely used in the treatment of relapsed/refractory (r/r) hematological malignancies. (hindawi.com)
Several types of adoptive cell transfer are under investigation, but CAR T-cell therapy is the first to enter clinical practice. (medscape.com)
The data support the broad value of CD20 as safety switch in adoptive T-cell therapy. (haematologica.org)
In this study, we investigated the use of CD20 as safety switch after retroviral transfer to T cells with different cytomegalovirus (CMV) specificities, and conclude that CD20 may be broadly applicable as safeguard in adoptive T-cell therapy. (haematologica.org)

It is hoped that these cells will kill your dog's B cells, reduce tumor burden and induce clinical remission. (upenn.edu)

The immune system of vertebrates is a powerful weapon against external pathogens and cancerous cells. (news-medical.net)
they cannot kill infected host (also known as somatic ) cells or pathogens , and without other immune cells they would usually be considered useless against an infection. (wikidoc.org)

The body's immune system can react adaptively against the antigen via 2 pathways: cellular or humoral. (medscape.com)

His research is aimed at understanding the cellular immune mechanisms responsible for the generation of IgG antibodies that recognize platelet antigens. (lu.se)

Anatomy30

Organisms17

Diseases8

Chemicals and Drugs130

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment28

Phenomena and Processes43

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Health Care2

Antibody23

Molecules22

Lymphocytes17

Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells1

Ligand5

Express chimeric antigen receptors2

Immunotherapy24

Tumor cells19

Fragments4

Self-antigens4

Developed by splitting antigen r1

Recognition12

Epitope6

Malignant cells7

Epitopes6

Bacteria10

Immune response12

Specificity2

CD1918

TCRs7

Macrophages9

Extracellular3

Monoclonal antibodies4

Effector8

Molecule5

Developing cell-based cancer immunotherapies1

Human leukocy2

Bind9

Proliferation4

Differentiation Antigens2

Genetically modified8

Peptides1

Innate7

Isolate5

Viruses3

Signal transduction1

Adaptive3

Body's own cells1

Endogenous4

TLRs1

Membrane3

Synthetic Receptors1

Immunology1

Cytotoxic T cel2

Surface receptors1

Autoimmune7

Proteins called1

Lymphocyte8

Inhibitory1

Autologous2

Stimulate2

Specific19

Adoptive5

Induce1

Pathogens2

Pathways1

Antibodies that recognize1