• Dopamine receptor D2, also known as D2R, is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the DRD2 gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • We aimed to study the association of urine fluoride with intelligence quotient (IQ) in children with a careful consideration of up to 30 potential confounding factors as well as possible heterogeneity of the relation between urine fluoride levels and IQ scores across children with different dopamine receptor-2 (DRD2) Taq 1A genotypes (CC, CT, and TT). (fluoridealert.org)
  • Dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2) is overexpressed in several kinds of cancers and was correlated with the prognosis of these cancers. (medsci.org)
  • Single nucleotide polymorphisms, rs2283265 and rs1076560, in the dopamine D2 receptor gene (DRD2) were found to be significantly associated with a favourable peak response to rasagiline at 12 weeks in early Parkinson's disease after controlling for multiple testing. (lancs.ac.uk)
  • 150-200 from Rat DRD2 / Dopamine D2 receptor. (arigobio.cn)
  • Immunohistochemistry: Mouse brain stained with ARG10779 anti-DRD2 / Dopamine Receptor D2 antibody. (arigobio.cn)
  • Western blot: 1) Recombinant Dopamine D2 receptor protein, and 2) cerebellar membranes stained with ARG10779 anti-DRD2 / Dopamine Receptor D2 antibody at 1:500 dilution. (arigobio.cn)
  • Dat), as well as, dopamine D2 receptor (Drd2) in the olfactory bulb. (cdc.gov)
  • Relationship between Taq1 A dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) polymorphism and prolactin response to bromperidol. (cdc.gov)
  • Utilizing a technique for measuring the kinetics (synthesis, degradation, and half-life) of the dopamine transporter (DAT) protein in the rat striatum and nucleus accumbens, we have investigated the effects of systemic administration of dopamine receptor agonists and antagonists upon DAT kinetics in these brain regions. (aspetjournals.org)
  • However, the dopamine D2 receptor agonists R -(−)-propylnorapomorphine hydrochloride (NPA) and quinpirole decreased the half-life of DAT. (aspetjournals.org)
  • The pS317/pT318-D2 antibody detects phosphorylation in response to high- and low-efficacy agonists but not after PKC activation. (7tmantibodies.com)
  • D2-preferring agonists such as pramipexole, ropinirole, piribedil, rotigotine, and the ergot alkaloids pergolide, bromocriptine and cabergoline have proven useful for the therapy of Parkinson's disease. (7tmantibodies.com)
  • Paradoxically, several mixed dopamine agonists have also been proven effective in reducing tic frequency. (medscape.com)
  • A molecular database of bound conformations of 16 structurally diverse agonists was established by alignment with a high- affinity template compound for the D1 receptor, 3-allyl-6-bromo-7,8- dihydroxy-1-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-benzazepin. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The predictive utility of the CoMFA model was evaluated at both receptors using the dopamine agonists, apomorphine and 7-OH-DPAT. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Pharmacological therapy is based on levodopa and dopamine agonists and is very successful in the early stages of the disease, when dopaminergic symptoms and signs are predominant and long term motor complications still have not developed, but other treatment strategies are almost invariably necessary as time passes [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • We set out to examine the pattern of cortico-basal ganglia oscillations induced by selective agonists of D1 and D2 receptors in a rat model of LID. (lu.se)
  • Our results reveal that the dyskinetic effects of D1 and D2 receptor agonists are associated with distinct patterns of cortico-basal ganglia oscillations, suggesting a recruitment of partially distinct networks. (lu.se)
  • However, patients with LID receive combination therapies that often include dopamine agonists. (lu.se)
  • In flies, activation of the D2 autoreceptor protected dopamine neurons from cell death induced by MPP+, a toxin mimicking Parkinson's disease pathology. (wikipedia.org)
  • Within the striatum, CB1 receptors have been shown to be localized on the same neurons as G i -coupled dopamine D2 receptors. (jneurosci.org)
  • In striatal neurons in primary culture, both the CB1 receptor agonist [3-(1,1-dimethylheptyl)-11-hydroxy-Δ 8 tetrahydrocannabinol] (HU210) and the D2 receptor agonist quinpirole inhibited forskolin-stimulated cAMP accumulation when applied separately. (jneurosci.org)
  • Pertussis toxin treatment of striatal neurons prevented the inhibition of cAMP accumulation by D2 receptors but unmasked a cannabinoid receptor-mediated stimulatory effect on cAMP accumulation. (jneurosci.org)
  • CB1 receptors have been identified on both subpopulations of medium spiny neurons ( Mailleux and Vanderhaeghen, 1992 ). (jneurosci.org)
  • Previous work indicating that molecular sensitization to dopamine receptor D1 (D1R) stimulation is involved in dyskinesias prompted us to perform electrophysiological recordings of striatal projection "medium spiny neurons" (MSN). (nih.gov)
  • Collectively, these findings identify a yet undocumented role for D2R signaling in WFS1-neurons as a novel effector through which dopamine optimizes appetitive behaviors and regulates defensive behaviors. (opticnervenetwork.com)
  • These results suggest that both D1 and D2 subtypes of DA receptors contribute to the dopaminergic regulation of function of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis and support a role for DA neurons in the hypothalamus in this response. (duke.edu)
  • In addition, the role played by different stressors in the reinstatement of preference for palatable food and food-seeking behavior is also considered in the light of endocannabinoid production, activation of orexin receptors and disinhibition of dopamine neurons. (frontiersin.org)
  • Our previous work has shown that stimulation of dopamine D 2 -like receptors in cultures of fetal cortical neurons increases the extension and branching of neurites. (wustl.edu)
  • Various neurons detect the occurrence of rewards and reward-predicting stimuli, including those of the ascending dopamine systems, and neurons within the striatum, orbitofrontal cortex and amygdala. (nature.com)
  • In such cases, the dendrites (a neuron's receiving branches) on the postsynaptic neurons release neurotransmitters that affect receptors on the presynaptic neurons. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The D2 receptor is a pharmacological target for drugs widely used to treat symptoms for disorders associated with dopaminergic dysfunctions, including Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia. (7tmantibodies.com)
  • The relevance of A 2A -D 2 heteromeric receptor complexes for Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia is emphasized as well as for the treatment of these diseases. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Symptoms of Parkinson's disease may be caused by low levels dopamine in the brain. (rxlist.com)
  • The non-phospho-D2 receptor antibody is directed against the third intracellular loop of mouse, rat and human D2 dopamine receptor. (7tmantibodies.com)
  • Anti-D 2 Dopamine Receptor (extracellular) Antibody, preincubated with D2 Dopamine Receptor (extracellular) Blocking Peptide (#BLP-DR002). (alomone.com)
  • This Anti-Dopamine Transporter Antibody, N-terminus, clone DAT-Nt is validated for use in IC, IH, WB for the detection of Dopamine Transporter. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • There is an orthosteric binding site (OBS), as well as a secondary binding pocket (SBP) on the dopamine 2 receptor, and interaction with the SBP is a requirement for allosteric pharmacology. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the current study, we use dopamine receptor-specific pharmacology and multivoxel pattern-based functional magnetic resonance imaging to test the hypothesis that blocking D2-receptor activation enhances prefrontal representations. (cam.ac.uk)
  • For more information on D2 receptor pharmacology please refer to the IUPHAR database. (7tmantibodies.com)
  • The physiology, signaling, and pharmacology of dopamine receptors. (7tmantibodies.com)
  • The intraperitoneal administration of either the D1 agonist, SKF 383393 (1-phenyl-2,3,4,5 tetrahydro-(iH)-benzazepine-7,8diol HCl, 5-20 mg/kg) or the D2 agonist quinpirole (0.05-1 mg/kg) dose-dependently elevated both adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and corticosterone (CS) in serum. (duke.edu)
  • In previous experiments we found that when given alone, the D1 agonist SKF 38393 increased vacuous chewing and the D1 antagonist SCH 23390 decreased it, while both the D2 agonist LY 171555 (quinpirole) and the D2 antagonist sulpiride decreased vacuous chewing. (duke.edu)
  • To determine which D 2 -like receptors possess morphogenic potentials, a clonal mesencephalic cell line (MN9D) was transfected with D 2 , D 3 , or D 4 receptor subtypes and treated with quinpirole, an agonist of D 2 - like receptors, and changes in morphological characteristics were quantitated. (wustl.edu)
  • In the striatum, the dopamine D1 receptor agonist SKF38393 and the dopamine D1 receptor antagonist SCH23390 were without effect. (aspetjournals.org)
  • The results of the present study suggest that, through dopamine receptors, dopamine indirectly influences DAT protein turnover in the striatum and in the nucleus accumbens, but in different ways. (aspetjournals.org)
  • No lesion or drug-induced changes of D1 receptor mRNAs were observed in the more caudal parts of the striatum. (aspetjournals.org)
  • No variation of D2 receptor mRNAs was seen in the more rostral parts of the striatum and in the nucleus accumbens in MPTP-lesioned monkeys as well as in MPTP-lesioned monkeys treated chronically with L-DOPA. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Furthermore, the changes in gene expression of D1 and D2 receptors in MPTP-lesioned monkeys are regional: they are restricted to the anterior striatum for the D1 receptors and the posterior striatum for the D2 receptors. (aspetjournals.org)
  • The present study examined the effects of acute and repeated administration of electroconvulsive shock (ECS) on levels of D1 and D2 receptor mRNAs in the nucleus accumbens and striatum (caudate-putamen) of the rat. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Of particular interest amongst this collection of anatomical nuclei, is the caudate-putamen (striatum) which is particularly enriched in dopamine receptor binding sites. (tourette.org)
  • This type of detailed analysis of the chemical circuitary of the striatum is likely to be fundamental to the understanding of human basal ganglia function as our earlier studies of primate and rat striatal tissue indicate that a complex cascade of changes in gene expression occurs following dopamine D2 receptor blockade (with drugs such as haloperidol). (tourette.org)
  • Following treatment with the D2 agonist, narrowband gamma oscillations were detected only in forelimb motor cortex and dorsolateral striatum, while prominent oscillations in the theta band occurred in the globus pallidus and nigra reticulata. (lu.se)
  • D2 receptors are coupled to Gi subtype of G protein. (wikipedia.org)
  • This gene encodes the D2 subtype of the dopamine receptor. (arigobio.cn)
  • Exploiting this subtype specificity of Bro, to offer clues on the involvement of DA and its receptors in silkworm feeding behavior , Bro was injected into fifth instar larvae and subsequent feeding and related behaviors ( feeding amount, excretion amount, mandibular movement , and feeding behavior observation ) were quantitatively evaluated. (bvsalud.org)
  • 5Aminomethyl propionic acid, or AMPA, is a chemical that specifically activates this glutamate-receptor subtype. (serviciosolavarria.com)
  • 4N-methyl-d-aspartate, or NMDA, is a chemical that specifically activates this glutamate-receptor subtype. (serviciosolavarria.com)
  • Dopamine D2-receptor blockade enhances decoding of prefrontal signals in humans. (cam.ac.uk)
  • Using a whole-brain searchlight decoding approach we show that D2-receptor blockade enhances decoding of reward signals in the medial orbitofrontal cortex. (cam.ac.uk)
  • These results suggest that D2-receptor blockade enhances content-specific representations in frontal cortex, presumably by a dopamine-mediated increase in pattern separation. (cam.ac.uk)
  • A strong correlation exists between the therapeutic effects of antipsychotics and blockade of the D2 dopamine receptor. (7tmantibodies.com)
  • Their therapeutic effects are mediated, in part, through blockade of D2-like dopamine (DA) receptors, i.e. the D2, D3 and D4 dopamine receptors. (ox.ac.uk)
  • By investigating which neuropeptide/neurotransmitter mRNA containing striatal cells also express the dopamine D2 mRNA's, I will be able to study further, at the cellular level, how neuroleptic treatment modulates the expression of co-expressed neuropeptide mRNA's such as enkephalin, dynorphin, substance P and neurotensin in addition to the effect D2 receptor blockade has on GABA mRNA â€" the major inhibitory neurotransmitter contained within many striatal cells. (tourette.org)
  • Second messenger signaling bypasses CGRP receptor blockade to provoke migraine attacks in humans. (iasp-pain.org)
  • Saline and sulpiride (10 mg/kg/injection) had no effect on D1, D2 and D3 receptor mRNA levels. (nih.gov)
  • The response of ACTH to intraperitoneal SKF 38393 was blocked by pretreatment with the D1 antagonist SCH 23390 (1-chloro-8-hydroxy-3-methyl-1-phenyl-2,3,4,5 tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepine, 0.25 mg/kg, i.p.) but not by the D2 antagonist sulpiride (50 mg/kg, i.p. (duke.edu)
  • Dopamine receptor D2 gene polymorphism, urine fluoride, and intelligence impairment of children in China: A school-based cross-sectional study. (fluoridealert.org)
  • The effect of L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) on dopamine receptor gene expression in the brain of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-lesioned monkeys was investigated using in situ hybridization histochemistry with measures of changes in relative absorbance. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Our results show for the first time that L-DOPA can influence gene expression of D1 and D2 receptors in MPTP-lesioned monkeys and correct the lesion-induced increase in the expression of D2 receptors, whereas the correction of the D1 receptor expression decrease is only partial. (aspetjournals.org)
  • The neuropeptides calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) and their receptors are linked to migraine neurobiology. (iasp-pain.org)
  • Variants of the dopamine D2 receptor gene and risperidone-induced hyperprolactinemia in children and adolescents. (cdc.gov)
  • The effect of the Taq1A variant in the dopamine D2 receptor gene and common CYP2D6 alleles on prolactin levels in risperidone-treated boys. (cdc.gov)
  • Scholars@Duke publication: D1 and D2 dopamine receptors stimulate hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal activity in rats. (duke.edu)
  • Scholars@Duke publication: D1 and D2 dopamine receptor interactions with pilocarpine-induced oral activity in rats. (duke.edu)
  • Compared to controls, rats receiving a single ECS showed higher levels of both D1 and D2 receptor mRNAs in the nucleus accumbens 4 h, but not 24 h, after treatment. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Similarly, rats receiving ECS repeatedly (five ECS in 10 days) also exhibited higher levels of D1 and D2 receptor mRNAs in the nucleus accumbens 4 h, but not 24 h, after the last treatment. (ox.ac.uk)
  • OBJECTIVE: Using 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rats as a model, we aimed to establish whether an adjunct treatment with the D2/3 agonist ropinirole impacts on patterns of LID-related neuroplasticity and drug responses. (lu.se)
  • Two subtypes of cannabinoid receptors have been identified. (jneurosci.org)
  • In the present study, the roles of D1 and D2 subtypes of DA receptors in the regulation of activity of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis were investigated. (duke.edu)
  • Dopamine (DA) D3 and D2 receptor mechanisms are implicated in cocaine's abuse-related behavioral effects, but the relative contribution of the two receptor subtypes is only partially characterized. (umn.edu)
  • The short form (D2Sh) is pre-synaptic and functions as an autoreceptor that regulates the levels of dopamine in the synaptic cleft. (wikipedia.org)
  • The effects of administration of antipsychotic drugs (1-32 days, twice per day) on the rat brain mRNA levels of dopamine D1, D2 and D3 receptors has been assessed by a novel procedure utilising solution hybridisation with oligonucleotides. (nih.gov)
  • Tetanic stimuli to layer I-II afferents in rat prefrontal cortex induced long-term depression (LTD) of layer I-II to layer V pyramidal neuron glutamatergic synapses when tetani were coupled to bath application of dopamine. (jneurosci.org)
  • Immunoblot analyses with anti-active mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAP-Ks) revealed that D1 receptors, D2 receptors, group I mGluRs, and group II mGluRs all contribute to MAP-K activation in prefrontal cortex, and that combined activation of dopamine receptors and mGluRs synergistically or additively activate MAP-Ks. (jneurosci.org)
  • In particular, compounds modulating D1 receptor signaling had a stronger effect in the L-dopa-only group, whereas both amantadine and the selective NMDA antagonist MK801 produced a markedly larger antidyskinetic effect in L-dopa-ropinirole cotreated animals. (lu.se)
  • A decrease of D1 receptor mRNAs was observed in the olfactory tubercule (-22%) in MPTP-lesioned monkeys compared with control animals but no change was seen in the nucleus accumbens. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Thus, the lateral hypothalamus-ventral tegmental area-nucleus accumbens neural circuitry is reexamined in order to interrogate the functional interplay between ghrelin, dopamine, orexin, and endocannabinoid signaling. (frontiersin.org)
  • Finally, type-1 cannabinoid receptor-dependent inhibition of GABA-ergic release and relapse to reward-associated stimuli is linked to ghrelin and orexin signaling in the lateral hypothalamus-ventral tegmental area-nucleus accumbens network to highlight its pathological potential for food addiction-like behavior. (frontiersin.org)
  • Electroconvulsive shock increases dopamine D1 and D2 receptor mRNA in the nucleus accumbens of the rat. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The effects of single and repeated ECS treatment on dopamine receptor mRNA levels were localised to the caudal region of the nucleus accumbens. (ox.ac.uk)
  • We discuss the possibility that increased expression of D1 and D2 receptors in the nucleus accumbens may be involved in the dopamine-enhancing properties of ECS detected in behavioural studies. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Haloperidol (1.5 mg/kg/injection) elicited increases in D1, D2 and D3 receptor mRNA levels of 100%, 100% and 300% respectively, after 32 days and loxapine (2 mg/kg/injection) elicited increases of 450%, 150% and 550%, respectively. (nih.gov)
  • The long form (D2Lh) has the "canonical" sequence and functions as a classic post-synaptic receptor. (wikipedia.org)
  • Next, endocannabinoid signaling that regulates synaptic plasticity is discussed as a key mechanism acting both at hypothalamic and mesolimbic circuits, and affecting both dopamine function and interplay between leptin and ghrelin signaling. (frontiersin.org)
  • This suggests that the dopamine-facilitated LTD requires synaptic activation of groups I and II mGluRs during tetanus. (jneurosci.org)
  • The transmembrane dopamine transporter (DAT) is located on the presynaptic nerve terminal and is responsible for terminating dopaminergic transmission by transporting dopamine from the synaptic cleft into the dopaminergic neuron (reuptake). (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Neurotransmitters diffuse across the synaptic cleft and bind briefly to specific receptors on the adjoining neuron or effector cell. (msdmanuals.com)
  • This G protein-coupled receptor inhibits adenylyl cyclase activity. (wikipedia.org)
  • The difference between the active and inactive of G protein-coupled receptor is mainly observed as conformational changes at the cytoplasmic half of the structure, particularly at the transmembrane domains (TM) 5 and 6. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cannabinoids act at the CB1 receptor to inhibit adenylate cyclase activity via a pertussis toxin-sensitive G-protein. (jneurosci.org)
  • Treatment of the pertussis toxin-treated cells with cholera toxin before CB1 receptor activation amplified the stimulatory pathway, suggesting that this response was mediated through a G s -type G-protein. (jneurosci.org)
  • Cannabinoids exert many of their effects through activation of G i -protein-coupled receptors. (jneurosci.org)
  • In this study, we integrated plasma concentrations, in vitro/in vivo data for receptor or protein binding, and in silico data, using a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model, to examine the predictability of receptor occupancy in humans. (simulations-plus.com)
  • It seems likely that A 2A receptor-induced reduction of D 2 receptor recognition, G protein coupling, and signaling, as well as the existence of A 2A -D 2 co-trafficking, are the consequence of the existence of an A 2A -D 2 receptor heteromer. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • In MPTP-lesioned monkeys, a decrease of D1 dopamine receptor mRNAs was observed in the rostral part of the caudate and putamen compared with control animals (-20% and -17%, respectively, in the lateral axis). (aspetjournals.org)
  • D1 receptor mRNAs in the anterior cerebral cortex were decreased in MPTP-lesioned monkeys (-19% compared with control animals). (aspetjournals.org)
  • D1 receptor mRNAs in olfactory tubercle and in cerebral cortex of L-DOPA-treated MPTP-lesioned monkeys were not significantly different from control animals. (aspetjournals.org)
  • For D2 receptor mRNAs, we observed an increase in the caudal part of the caudate and putamen (+24% and +23%, respectively, in MPTP-lesioned monkeys compared with control animals). (aspetjournals.org)
  • Quantitative in situ hybridisation with 35S-labelled oligonucleotide probes specific for D1 and D2 receptor mRNAs was utilised. (ox.ac.uk)
  • In contrast, HM aerosols induced the expression of Th and dopamine D5 receptor (Drd5) mRNAs, elicited neuroinflammation and blood-brain barrier-related changes in the olfactory bulb, but did not alter the expression of Omp. (cdc.gov)
  • METHODS: We undertook a preclinical longitudinal study to examine the effects of typical (haloperidol (HAL)) and atypical (clozapine (CLZ)) APDs in wild type (WT) and dopamine D2 knockout (D2KO) mice over 9-weeks using structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). (ox.ac.uk)
  • Levodopa is converted to a chemical called dopamine in the brain. (rxlist.com)
  • BACKGROUND: Current models of levodopa (L-dopa)-induced dyskinesia (LID) are obtained by treating dopamine-depleted animals with L-dopa. (lu.se)
  • The development β-arrestin biased D2 ligands has been proposed as strategy for antipsychotics with fewer side effects. (7tmantibodies.com)
  • Phosphosite-specific antibodies can provide precise information about partial, full and biased agonism of D2 ligands. (7tmantibodies.com)
  • For example, while short-term use of dopamine precursors such as L-dopa inhibits bruxism, long-term use of the L-dopa increases bruxism. (medscape.com)
  • A splice variant in Dopamine receptor D2(rs1076560) was found to be associated with limb truncal Tardive dyskinesia and diminished expression factor of Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) in schizophrenia subjects. (wikipedia.org)
  • Association and dissociation rate constants and unbound fractions in the serum and brain were determined in vitro/in vivo using human D2 receptor-expressing membrane fractions, human serum and mouse brain. (simulations-plus.com)
  • Regional brain volume changes following chronic antipsychotic administration are mediated by the dopamine D2 receptor. (ox.ac.uk)
  • CONCLUSIONS: Our results present evidence for the role of D2 DA receptors in structural alterations induced by the administration of the typical APD HAL and that chronic administration of CLZ has a limited influence on brain structure. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Activities such as eating, hugging and exercising can generate dopamine production in the brain. (serviciosolavarria.com)
  • Short-term exposure to LM aerosols caused distinct changes in the levels of the neurotransmitters, dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT), in various brain areas examined. (cdc.gov)
  • It is my intention to attempt to unravel some of the neurochemical complexities of the basal ganglia by selectively identifying which neuropeptide and neurotransmitter messenger RNA's (mRNA's) are co-expressed with dopamine D2 receptor mRNA's in human and rat striatal cells using the combined techniques of radioactive and non radioactive in situ hybridization. (tourette.org)
  • Objective: The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between antipsychotic-related dopamine D 2/3 receptor occupancy and negative symptoms in patients with schizophrenia. (elsevierpure.com)
  • These findings are in line with a dual-state model of prefrontal dopamine, and provide new insights into the potential mechanism of action of dopaminergic drugs. (cam.ac.uk)
  • These results suggest that the known D 2 -like receptors have specific developmental roles in regulating neuronal morphogenesis of dopaminergic pathways. (wustl.edu)
  • Because the neurobiological substrate of cariprazine has remained elusive, we took advantage of PharmacoSTORM to provide in vivo evidence that cariprazine predominantly binds to D 3 dopamine receptors on Islands of Calleja granule cell axons but avoids dopaminergic terminals. (nature.com)
  • These results indicate that the up-regulation of dopamine receptors may be associated with the occurrence of tardive dyskinesia but not the clinical mode of action of antipsychotics. (nih.gov)
  • Mann A, Keen AC, Mark H, Dasgupta P, Javitch JA, Canals M, Schulz S, Robert Lane J. New phosphosite-specific antibodies to unravel the role of GRK phosphorylation in dopamine D2 receptor regulation and signaling. (7tmantibodies.com)
  • A stimulatory role for endogenous dopamine (DA) in the regulation of hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal activity has previously been demonstrated. (duke.edu)
  • It is our hope that knowledge of the regulation and co-expression of neuropeptide mRNA's with the D2 receptor mRNA's in striatal cells will enable us to begin to understand when, where and how neuroleptics produce their effects at the cellular level. (tourette.org)
  • Based on these findings and our experimental results, we propose that the divergent receptor conformations stabilized by Na + -sensitive eticlopride and Na + -insensitive risperidone correspond to different degrees of inverse agonism. (elifesciences.org)
  • abstract = "Molecular cloning studies have defined a family of dopamine D2-like receptors (D2, D3, and D4), which are the products of separate genes. (wustl.edu)
  • abstract = "Alterations in dopamine output within the various subnuclei of the amygdala have previously been implicated in cocaine reinforcement, as well as cocaine-seeking behavior. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Abnormal involuntary movements were elicited by the D1 agonist SKF82958 or the D2 agonist sumanirole, while overall motor activity was quantified using video analysis (DeepLabCut). (lu.se)
  • A second molecular database of the bound conformations of the same compounds was established against a second template for the D2 receptor, bromocriptine. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The present pharmacological data and our previous studies suggested that bromocriptine (Bro), which acts as an agonist on the DA D2 receptors and also interacts with various serotonin and adrenergic receptors in vertebrates , is an agonist that also acts specifically on BmDopR3, with little effect on BmDopR1 and BmDopR2 in silkworms . (bvsalud.org)
  • Bromocriptine, a preferential dopamine D2 receptor agonist reduces bruxism episodes. (medscape.com)
  • Calcitonin/PAC receptor splice variants: a blind spot in migraine research. (iasp-pain.org)
  • Polymorphic variants in the dopamine receptor D2 in women with endometriosis-related infertility. (cdc.gov)
  • The signal may stimulate or inhibit the receiving cell, depending on the neurotransmitter and receptor involved. (msdmanuals.com)
  • After work from Paul Greengard's lab had suggested that dopamine receptors were the site of action of antipsychotic drugs, several groups, including those of Solomon Snyder and Philip Seeman used a radiolabeled antipsychotic drug to identify what is now known as the dopamine D2 receptor. (wikipedia.org)
  • The dopamine D2 receptor is the main receptor for most antipsychotic drugs. (wikipedia.org)
  • The occupancy of the dopamine D2 receptor and the plasma concentrations of the antipsychotic drugs quetiapine and perospirone in humans were collected from the literature or produced experimentally. (simulations-plus.com)
  • Similar augmentation of cAMP accumulation after pertussis toxin treatment was observed in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells transfected with, and stably expressing, the CB1 receptor. (jneurosci.org)
  • The ln(1/K(L)) values for the low-affinity agonist binding conformation at recombinant D1 and D2 dopamine receptors stably expressed in C6 glioma cells were used as the target property for the CoMFA (comparative molecular field analysis) of the 16 aligned structures. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The D2 receptor is a pharmacological target. (7tmantibodies.com)
  • Previously, we achieved functional and pharmacological characterization of the three DA receptors in the silkworm Bombyx mori (BmDopR1-3). (bvsalud.org)
  • The biogenic amine dopamine (DA) regulates various physiological and behavioral processes in insects through binding with specific receptors. (bvsalud.org)
  • The results also suggest that comparisons of CoMFA models for two structurally related receptors may be a fruitful approach for differential QSAR. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Stimulation of cAMP accumulation was not observed after pertussis toxin treatment of CHO cells expressing the human CB2 receptor, suggesting that this novel signaling pathway is unique to the cannabinoid CB1 receptor. (jneurosci.org)
  • stimulation of D 3 and D 4 receptors increased the branching and extension of neurites. (wustl.edu)
  • stimulation of D3 and D4 receptors increased the branching and extension of neurites. (wustl.edu)
  • The cannabinoid receptor-stimulated accumulation of cAMP was blocked in a concentration-dependent manner by SR141716A, suggesting that the response was regulated through the CB1 receptor. (jneurosci.org)
  • Finally, we can pharmacologically probe the contribution of different regulatory systems, including the D2 dopamine autoreceptor and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR), to dopamine release. (serviciosolavarria.com)
  • [ 162 ] Small studies of the dopamine D2R partial agonist aripiprazole show that it is effective for tic suppression. (medscape.com)
  • Depending on the receptor, the response may be excitatory or inhibitory. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Association between dopamine-related polymorphisms and plasma concentrations of prolactin during risperidone treatment in schizophrenic patients. (cdc.gov)
  • Moreover, consistent with the cortical distribution of D2 receptors, post hoc analyses showed enhanced decoding of motor signals in motor cortex, but not of visual signals in visual cortex. (cam.ac.uk)
  • Neurotransmitters that are released bind to receptors on another neuron. (msdmanuals.com)
  • This effect was blocked by the dopamine D2 antagonist eticlopride, which, by itself, increased the half-life of DAT. (aspetjournals.org)
  • By analyzing and simulating inactive conformations of the highly-homologous dopamine D 2 and D 3 receptors (D 2 R and D 3 R), we find that eticlopride binds D 2 R in a pose very similar to that in the D 3 R/eticlopride structure but incompatible with the D 2 R/risperidone structure. (elifesciences.org)
  • Thus, a comparison of affinity's structural determinants for a set of compounds at two different recombinant dopamine receptors represents an attainable goal for 3D-QSAR. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The D1 and D2 models yielded different lists of lead compounds. (elsevierpure.com)