Receptors and transporters. Medical search. Frequent questions

Neurotransmitter transporters play an important role in maintaining synaptic homeostasis and in the actions of many drugs. (aspetjournals.org)
GAT1 is a gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) transporter, which removes GABA from the synaptic cleft by shuttling it to presynaptic neurons (where GABA can be recycled) and astrocytes (where GABA can be broken down). (wikipedia.org)
Research has shown that schizophrenia patients have GABA synthesis and expression altered, leading to the conclusion that GABA Transporter-1, which adds and removes GABA from the synaptic cleft, plays a role in the development of neurological disorders such as schizophrenia. (wikipedia.org)
In the two most understood forms of absence epilepsy, synaptic GABAA receptors including GAT1 play a major role in seizure development. (wikipedia.org)
The transmembrane dopamine transporter (DAT) is located on the presynaptic nerve terminal and is responsible for terminating dopaminergic transmission by transporting dopamine from the synaptic cleft into the dopaminergic neuron (reuptake). (sigmaaldrich.com)
Here we used two-electrode voltage clamp electrophysiology to compare the actions of CBD with those of the major central endocannabinoid, 2-arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG) on human recombinant GABAA receptors (synaptic α1-6βg2 and extrasynaptic α4β2δ) expressed on Xenopus oocytes. (researchgate.net)
Key components of the dopamine system include dopamine receptors that propagate dopaminergic signalling and the dopamine transporter, which regulates synaptic dopamine levels. (sfu.ca)
Functional brain imaging of post-synaptic DOPAMINE metabolism with RADIONUCLIDE TRACER ligands of DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. (bvsalud.org)

Cochrane Abstracts , Evidence Central , evidence.unboundmedicine.com/evidence/view/Cochrane/433293/all/Dipeptidyl_peptidase��4_inhibitors__glucagon��like_peptide_1_receptor_agonists_and_sodium��glucose_co��transporter��2_inhibitors_for_people_with_cardiovascular_disease:_a_network_meta��analysis_New. (unboundmedicine.com)

GABA transporter 1 (GAT1) also known as sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC6A1 gene and belongs to the solute carrier 6 (SLC6) family of transporters. (wikipedia.org)
GABA Transporter 1 uses energy from the dissipation of a Na+ gradient, aided by the presence of a Cl− gradient, to translocate GABA across CNS neuronal membranes. (wikipedia.org)
The stoichiometry for GABA Transporter 1 is 2 Na+: 1 Cl−: 1 GABA. (wikipedia.org)
In this conformation, 2 extracellular Na+ ions are co-transported into the neuron along with 1 GABA and 1 Cl− that bind to the empty transporter, thus making it fully loaded. (wikipedia.org)
The Na+, Cl−, and GABA are bound to the transporter until it changes conformation. (wikipedia.org)
The transporter, which was previously facing the synapse, becomes inward facing and can now release the ions and GABA into the neuron's cytoplasm. (wikipedia.org)
Among these diverse features, it should be acknowledged that auto-antibodies toward glutamate receptors, GABA receptors, and K + channel-related proteins are preferentially found in autoimmune limbic encephalitis but not in IMCAs [ 10 ] (Table 1 ). (springer.com)
Regulation of glutamate, GABA and dopamine transporters' uptake, surface mobility and expression. (albany.edu)
Current knowledge of Slc6a1 -related disorders: GABA transporter (GAT1) mediated disorders. (albany.edu)
The maximal level of enhancement seen with either CBD or 2-AG were on α2-containing GABAA receptor subtypes, with approximately a 4-fold enhancement of the GABA EC5 evoked current, more than twice the potentiation seen with other α-subunit receptor combinations. (researchgate.net)
Exploration of extrasynaptic α4β2δ receptors revealed that both compounds enhanced GABA EC5 evoked currents at concentrations ranging from 0.01-1 μM. (researchgate.net)
the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG), THC and CBD potentiate GABA A receptors [21, 22] . (researchgate.net)
In this regard, CBD inhibition of 5-HT 3 receptors may contribute to its role in modulation of nociception and emesis, potentiation of GABA receptors may account for its anti-seizure, anxiolytic and analgesic effects, and potentiation of glycine receptors may be relevant for CBD anti-nociceptive actions [3,16, 22] . (researchgate.net)
We searched PubMed and Web of Science from database inception to March 18th, 2023 for studies reporting GABA, glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) 65/67, GABAA, GABAB, and GABAC receptors, GABA transporters (GAT) 1-3 and vesicular GAT in the brain, and GABA levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood. (bvsalud.org)

The protein encoded by this gene is a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit and a member of a superfamily of ligand-gated ion channels that mediate fast signal transmission at synapses. (nih.gov)

Subgroup members pursue research in a variety of areas including the structure, function and regulation of channels and transporters, ligand-receptor interactions, signal transduction mechanisms, protein trafficking and secretory mechanisms. (biophysics.org)
Utilizing a technique for measuring the kinetics (synthesis, degradation, and half-life) of the dopamine transporter (DAT) protein in the rat striatum and nucleus accumbens, we have investigated the effects of systemic administration of dopamine receptor agonists and antagonists upon DAT kinetics in these brain regions. (aspetjournals.org)
The results of the present study suggest that, through dopamine receptors, dopamine indirectly influences DAT protein turnover in the striatum and in the nucleus accumbens, but in different ways. (aspetjournals.org)
The expression of postsynaptic 5-HT(1A) receptor protein in the forebrain was unaltered by fluoxetine, Org 34850 or the combined Org 34850/fluoxetine treatment. (ncl.ac.uk)
He received his PhD from the University of Toronto in 2002, where he characterized an interaction between the dopamine transporter and a-synuclein, a protein implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. (sfu.ca)

The suppression involved the ability of male flies to detect females by contact chemosensation through the pheromone-sensing ion channel ppk29 and was mediated by male-specific GABAergic neurons acting on the GABAA receptor RDL in target cells. (nih.gov)
Despite evidence that some endogenous and synthetic cannabinoids interact with GABAA receptors, no-one has yet investigated the effects of CBD. (researchgate.net)
Taken together these results reveal a mode of action of CBD on specifically configured GABAA receptors that may be relevant to the anticonvulsant and anxiolytic effects of the compound. (researchgate.net)

We and others have previously shown that the dopamine D4 exon III repeat (D4DR) and the serotonin-transporter promoter region (5-HTTLPR) polymorphisms are not only associated with adult personality traits but also with temperament in 2-week-old neonates. (biu.ac.il)
In this study, we determined the responsiveness of 5-HT 2C R in serotonin transporter (SERT) knockout (-/-) mice, a model characterized by increased anxiety-like and stress-responsive behaviors.Results: In the three-chamber social interaction test, the 5-HT 2B/2C agonist mCPP decreased sociability and sniffing in SERT wildtype (+/+) mice, both indicative of the well-documented anxiogenic effect of mCPP. (princeton.edu)
Sex differences in the serotonin 1A receptor and serotonin transporter binding in the human brain measured by PET. (bvsalud.org)

Here, we refine these observations and show that glutamate produces the following three distinct optical responses in mouse primary cortical neurons in culture, predominantly mediated by NMDA receptors: biphasic, reversible decrease (RD) and irreversible decrease (ID) responses. (jneurosci.org)
NMDA receptor blockade ameliorates abnormalities of spike firing of subthalamic nucleus neurons in a parkinsonian nonhuman primate. (albany.edu)
In addition, his interest in the molecular pathophysiology of schizophrenia led to studies that characterized a direct interaction between the dopamine D1 receptor and the glutamate NMDA receptor. (sfu.ca)

The proton-coupled folate transporter (PCFT, SLC46A1) is the mechanism by which folates are absorbed across the apical-brush-border membrane of the proximal small intestine. (elsevierpure.com)
Recently, this laboratory identified a proton-coupled folate transporter (PCFT), with optimal activity at low pH. (elsevierpure.com)

Previous analyses of dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons from patients with Lewy-body pathology revealed a deficiency in nuclear-encoded genes for mitochondrial respiration, many of which are targets for the transcription factor estrogen-related receptor gamma ( Esrrg /ERRγ). (nature.com)
and densely packed hyperchronic hippocampal neurons with altered glutamate receptors and transporters. (educate-yourself.org)

Ligands which inhibit the α3β4 receptor have been shown to modulate drug-seeking behavior, [6] making α3β4 a promising target for the development of novel antiaddictive agents. (wikipedia.org)
Here we report that antidiabetic thiazolidinediones (TZDs) and other ligands for the nuclear receptor PPARγ dramatically upregulate oxidized LDL receptor 1 (OLR1) in adipocytes by facilitating the exchange of coactivators for corepressors on the OLR1 gene in cultured mouse adipocytes. (jci.org)
Trifluoromethoxyl Substituted Phenylethylene Diamines as High Affinity σ Receptor Ligands with Potent Anti-Cocaine Actions. (acs.org)
Functional brain imaging utilizing RADIONUCLIDE TRACERS that are ligands of DOPAMINE TRANSPORTERS. (bvsalud.org)

The proteins in the cell membrane function as pumps, receptors and transporters and regulate which substances find their way into and out of the cell. (lu.se)

Homozygotes for targeted mutations show variably abnormalities that may include growth retardation, death after weaning unless given hydrated food, nonresponsiveness to dopamine D1 receptor agonists and antagonists, and normal to hyperactive locomotor activity. (jax.org)

Given the importance of 5-HT(1A) receptor-mediated transmission in the forebrain to the antidepressant response, these data indicate that co-administration of GR antagonists may be effective in augmenting the antidepressant response to SSRI treatment. (ncl.ac.uk)

This Subgroup focuses on the biophysics of membrane processes, including structure, function and regulation of ion channels and transporters, signal transduction, and secretory mechanisms. (biophysics.org)

The Nicotinic Receptor Polymorphism rs16969968 Is Associated with Airway Remodeling and Inflammatory Dysregulation in COPD Patients. (nih.gov)
The alpha-3 beta-4 nicotinic receptor , also known as the α3β4 receptor and the ganglion-type nicotinic receptor , [1] is a type of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor , consisting of α3 and β4 subunits . (wikipedia.org)
As with other nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, the α3β4 receptor is pentameric [(α3) m (β4) n where m + n = 5]. (wikipedia.org)

Bladder sections were stained with Masson's trichrome for SM content and immunofluorescence staining for nerve terminals expressing vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS). (lu.se)

In the striatum, the dopamine D1 receptor agonist SKF38393 and the dopamine D1 receptor antagonist SCH23390 were without effect. (aspetjournals.org)
The effects of combined treatment with a glucocorticoid receptor (GR) antagonist, Org 34850, and a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), fluoxetine, were investigated on pre- and postsynaptic aspects of 5-HT neurotransmission. (ncl.ac.uk)
Non-selective receptor antagonist. (abcam.com)
Multiple receptor antagonist. (abcam.com)

The exact subunit stoichiometry is not known and it is possible that more than one functional α3β4 receptor assembles in vivo with varying subunit stoichiometries. (wikipedia.org)

My interests lie in identification of mechanisms that regulate the activity of dopamine receptors and transporters. (sfu.ca)

For comparison, we also immunolabeled the specimens with antibody against transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1) which is important in DMT1-mediated transport of Fe and Mn. (cdc.gov)
This Anti-Dopamine Transporter Antibody, N-terminus, clone DAT-Nt is validated for use in IC, IH, WB for the detection of Dopamine Transporter. (sigmaaldrich.com)

5-HT interacts with its receptors, which alters cell metabolism and influences several stages of organogenesis 7 . (bvsalud.org)

The work in the Gouaux Lab is concentrated on developing molecular mechanisms for the function of receptors and transporters at chemical synapses by utilizing cryo-electron microscopy, x-ray crystallography, and electrophysiology. (ohsu.edu)
Converging evidence from pharmacological and molecular studies has led to the suggestion that inhibition of glycine transporter 1 (GlyT1) constitutes an effective means to boost N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) activity by increasing the extra-cellular concentration of glycine in the vicinity of glutamatergic synapses. (tau.ac.il)

Adenosine signaling is terminated by its uptake through equilibrative nucleoside transporters (ENTs). (ozgene.com)
Making up the bulk of the liver, hepatocytes express receptors regulating cellular uptake of B12 in the liver. (endocrine-abstracts.org)

Neuronal Glutamate Transporters Control Dopaminergic Signaling and Compulsive Behaviors. (albany.edu)

Furthermore, studies in genetic models for adenosine receptors implicated the A2B adenosine receptor (Adora2b) in mediating ENT-dependent lung protection. (ozgene.com)

Members of this family show sequence homology with estrogen receptors but are incapable of being bound by estrogen. (nature.com)

CBD and 2-AG were positive allosteric modulators at α1-6βγ2 receptors, with low micromolar potencies. (researchgate.net)

The study suggests that "other factors, perhaps involving other neurotransmitter systems, mediate the recovery of D2 receptor function. (sciencedaily.com)

The autoantigens include glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GAD65), voltage-gated Ca 2+ channel (VGCC), metabotropic glutamate receptor type 1 (mGluR1), and glutamate receptor delta (GluRdelta). (springer.com)
The actions of glutamate are mediated by both ionotropic and metabotropic receptors ( Meldrum, 2000 ). (jneurosci.org)

The present study shows that the ATP sensitivity and pharmacological properties of K(ATP) channels are determined by a family of structurally related but functionally distinct sulfonylurea receptors. (nih.gov)
CBD modulation of Cys-loop receptors has pharmacological relevance. (researchgate.net)

Maintaining bile acid (BA) homeostasis is important and regulated by BA activated receptors and signaling pathways. (aspetjournals.org)
The impact of exposures on bile acid (BA) signaling and Farnesoid X receptor-mediated gut-liver crosstalk is emerging. (aspetjournals.org)

The current study addresses the role PCFT might play in another transport pathway, folate receptor (FR)-mediated endocytosis. (elsevierpure.com)

Nuclear localization for both Zip transporters as well as TfR1 was observed. (cdc.gov)
Direct regulators of nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes are members of the estrogen-related receptor (ERR) family, encoded by Esrra , Esrrb and Esrrg . (nature.com)
The goal of this minireview is to provide an update on the regulation of bile acid (BA) homeostasis by the nuclear receptor Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and the effects on this regulation by exposure to environmental or therapeutic agents. (aspetjournals.org)

Of the 8 plasma membrane receptors for complement, only deficiencies of CR3 and CR4 due to CD18 deficiency have been described, known as leukocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD) type 1 . (medscape.com)

In addition, these data suggest that the augmentation of forebrain 5-HT does not result in downregulation of forebrain 5-HT(1A) receptor expression. (ncl.ac.uk)

Thus, successive generations of cells generated from the stem cell niche would exhibit an epigenetically controlled programme of gene expression that exhibited down regulation of genes for glucose transporters and insulin receptors. (peerj.com)

Two folate receptors (FOLR1 and FOLR2) mediate folate transport across epithelia by an endocytic process. (elsevierpure.com)

Shows no cross reactivity to the closely related serotonin and norepinephrine transporters (Miller, 1997). (sigmaaldrich.com)

abstract = "The reduced folate carrier (RFC, SLC19A1), thiamine transporter-1 (ThTr1, SLC19A2) and thiamine transporter-2 (ThTr2, SLC19A3) evolved from the same family of solute carriers. (elsevierpure.com)
abstract = "Background: The serotonin 5-HT2C receptor (5-HT2CR) is expressed in amygdala, a region involved in anxiety and fear responses and implicated in the pathogenesis of several psychiatric disorders such as acute anxiety and post traumatic stress disorder. (princeton.edu)

in fact, these genes are targets of the transcriptional coactivator and master regulator of transcription of mitochondrial genes peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α) 12 . (nature.com)
Pharmacogenetic (PGx) tests are used to help predict an individual's reaction to drugs by interrogating the presence or absence of known genetic variants in genes that encode drug-metabolizing enzymes, drug transporters, drug receptors, or targets of drug action. (cdc.gov)

The Channels Receptors & Transporters Subgroup (formerly The Membrane Biophysics Subgroup) promotes the exchange of ideas and information pertaining to the study of biological membranes. (biophysics.org)
In order to join the Channels Receptors & Transporters Subgroup (formerly The Membrane Biophysics Subgroup), you must be a current member of the Society. (biophysics.org)

Using inhibitory peptides, he demonstrated that disruption of the D2 receptor/dopamine transporter interaction can induce hyperlocomotor activity in affected rodents. (sfu.ca)

In conclusion, our case suggests that polymorphisms within the hepatocanalicular transporters may contribute to a more pronounced course of HAV infection. (elsevier.es)

SGLT2=sodium-glucose co-transporter-2. (medscape.com)

whether a distinct receptor for C4a is present is unclear (see Table 1). (medscape.com)
Estimating the glutamate transporter surface density in distinct sub-cellular compartments of mouse hippocampal astrocytes. (albany.edu)

Anatomy22

Organisms11

Chemicals and Drugs161

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment17

Phenomena and Processes43

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science4

Synaptic8

Glucagon‐like peptide 11

GABA14

Ligand-gated io1

Protein5

GABAA3

Serotonin-transporter3

NMDA3

Proton-Coupled Folate Transporter2

Neurons2

Ligands4

Proteins1

Agonists and antagonists1

Antagonists1

Signal transduction1

Nicotinic3

Vesicular1

Antagonist4

Subunit1

Regulate1

Antibody2

Metabolism1

Synapses2

Uptake2

Neuronal1

Adenosine1

Sequence Homology1

Modulators1

Neurotransmitter systems1

Metabotropic2

Pharmacological2

Signaling2

Pathway1

Nuclear3

Plasma membrane1

Forebrain1

Insulin1

Mediate1

19971

Abstract2

Genes2

Channels2

Peptides1

Polymorphisms1

Sodium1

Distinct2