• In particular, drugs targeting receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) have been successful. (europa.eu)
  • Nuclear localized HER family receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) have been observed in primary tumor specimens and cancer cell lines for nearly two decades. (plos.org)
  • The ErbB/HER family of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) consists of four family members: the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR/ErbB1), HER2 (ErbB2/Neu), HER3 (ErbB3), and HER4 (ErbB4). (plos.org)
  • Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) play fundamental tasks in varied cell functions including proliferation differentiation survival migration and rate of metabolism (16). (exposed-skin-care.net)
  • The class 1A phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) beta (PI3Kβ) is functionally unique in the ability to integrate signals derived from receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G-protein)-coupled receptors (GPCRs), and Rho-family GTPases. (elifesciences.org)
  • AXL receptor tyrosine kinase belongs to the TAM subfamily of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and overexpression has been detected in various cancers. (justia.com)
  • It is well documented that tyrosine kinases increase NMDAR phosphorylation and potentiate NMDAR function. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) are described in the following text. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Upon binding, the tyrosine residues in the signaling motifs are phosphorylated by membrane-associated tyrosine kinases. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Previous studies have implicated receptor tyrosine kinases in progesterone-induced [Ca2+]i signalling, and consequent induction of the acrosome reaction, in human spermatozoa. (dundee.ac.uk)
  • EGFR belongs to a household from the receptor tyrosine kinases and functions as being a mediator to transmit cell sig naling initiated by extracellular growth factors towards the nucleus. (casr-signal.com)
  • The ALK gene provides instructions for making a protein called ALK receptor tyrosine kinase, which is part of a family of proteins called receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). (medlineplus.gov)
  • Receptor tyrosine kinases transmit signals from the cell surface into the cell through a process called signal transduction. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The development elements activate adjacent arteries resulting in angiogenesis.5,6 Pursuing angiogenesis, the tumor can develop at an elevated price.7 For angiogenesis that occurs, the pro-angiogenic development factors need to bind to users of the proteins kinase family defined as receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). (thetechnoant.info)
  • EphB4 is a member of the largest family of receptor tyrosine kinases and is an important regulator of fundamental physiological and pathophysiological processes such as tissue patterning during development, angiogenesis and tumour progression [ 1 ]. (oncotarget.com)
  • This process leads to the activation of each receptors' tyrosine kinase and the subsequent phosphorylation of tyrosine residues located on their C-terminal tails. (plos.org)
  • Binding of Sema4D to plexin-B1 stimulates the intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity of ErbB-2, resulting in the phosphorylation of both plexin-B1 and ErbB-2. (rupress.org)
  • Our data indicate that ErbB-2 is an important component of the plexin-B receptor system and that ErbB-2-mediated phosphorylation of plexin-B1 is critically involved in Sema4D-induced RhoA activation, which underlies cellular phenomena downstream of plexin-B1, including axonal growth cone collapse. (rupress.org)
  • Phosphorylation of Syk Activation Loop Tyrosines Is Essential for Syk Function. (crossref.org)
  • Tyrosine phosphorylation of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor is enhanced in synaptic membrane fractions of the adult rat hippocampus. (ox.ac.uk)
  • We therefore hypothesized that tyrosine phosphorylation of the NMDAR may enhance the trafficking of the receptor to the synaptic membrane. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Here, we show that the stoichiometry of NR2A and NR2B tyrosine phosphorylation is significantly higher in synaptosomal membranes than intracellular microsomal/light membranes. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Interestingly, NR2B tyrosine-1472, but not NR1 serine-896 or -897, phosphorylation is significantly higher in synaptosomal membranes than intracellular microsomal/light membranes. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Furthermore, treatment of hippocampal slices with either a tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor or a tyrosine kinase inhibitor alters NMDAR tyrosine phosphorylation and produces a corresponding change in the concentration of NMDARs in the synaptosomal membrane fraction. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Taken together, these data support the hypothesis that tyrosine phosphorylation may enhance NMDAR activity by increasing the number of NMDARs at the synaptic membrane. (ox.ac.uk)
  • T794A-expressing human umbilical vein endothelial cells formed significantly shorter tubes with fewer branches in three-dimensional Matrigel cultures, but did not alter Tie1 or Tie2 tyrosine phosphorylation or downstream signaling. (cusabio.com)
  • Assessment of tyrosine phosphorylation of two sperm proteins (p105/81) showed greatly increased levels of phosphotyrosine in response to capacitation but a negligible increase in response to progesterone stimulation. (dundee.ac.uk)
  • Pretreatment with genistein (50 and 250 micromol/l) decreased capacitation-induced tyrosine phosphorylation and resulted in a loss of phosphorylation in response to progesterone treatment. (dundee.ac.uk)
  • In nicotine treated neuroblastoma OSI-930 structure or Xenopus oocytes cells, the a7 subunit of nAChR has been proven to undergo tyrosine phosphorylation BGB324 and Src was accountable for the activa tion of this subunit with the receptor. (casr-signal.com)
  • Integrin-mediated RON growth factor receptor phosphorylation requires tyrosine kinase activity of both the receptor and c-Src. (123dok.org)
  • Integrin-in-duced epidermal growth factor (EGF) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) RTK phosphorylation depends on the kinase activity of the receptor (7, 13). (123dok.org)
  • While the classical membrane-bound functions of HER family RTKs have been extensively studied, accumulating data suggest that these receptors can be found in the cell's nucleus where they can function as co-transcriptional activators [4] , [5] . (plos.org)
  • Pursuing binding, the RTKs dimerize and go through autophosphorylation, initiating some downstream events resulting in proliferation migration and cell success.8 The growth factor VEGF activates angiogenesis by binding to a family group of VEGF receptors, Rabbit Polyclonal to ATP5I including VEGFR-2 (KDR), VEGFR-1 (Flt-1), and VEGFR-3 (Flt-4). (thetechnoant.info)
  • Recent data suggest that integrin association with RTKs might also protect the latter against the activity of phosphatases (17, 19) and/or ensure the correct subcellular juxtaposition of cytoplasmic tails of dimer-ized growth factor receptors (17). (123dok.org)
  • Several inhibitors of the IR tyrosine kinase activity have recently been described and associated with human insulin resistance. (bioone.org)
  • About 70% of the patients with EGFR mutations respond to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) including gefitinib and erlotinib, whereas only 10% of those without the mutations do so. (nih.gov)
  • Personalized Radiation Oncology: Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor and Other Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors. (ox.ac.uk)
  • MET overexpression or activation is a known cause of acquired resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors in NSCLC. (psu.edu)
  • Inhibition of MET signaling in these EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor-resistant cells may potentially restore sensitivity to EGFR inhibitors. (psu.edu)
  • With the purpose of developing multitargeted receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors that display potent inhibition against PDGFRand VEGFR-2 we designed and synthesized eleven and VEGFR-2. (thetechnoant.info)
  • Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) provide clinical benefits over chemotherapy for lung cancer patients with EGFR activating mutations. (usf.edu)
  • Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene mutations are frequent in lung cancer arising in patients of Asian ethnicity, female sex, nonsmokers, and adenocarcinoma histology. (nih.gov)
  • Among them, the most data are available for the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) that plays a major role for prognosis of patients after radiotherapy, but seems also to be involved in mechanisms of radioresistance, specifically in repopulation of tumour cells between radiotherapy fractions. (ox.ac.uk)
  • By studying the mechanisms of nicotine mediated cell development promotion, we unveiled that a cross speak occurred exclusively between two critical cell sur encounter receptors, nAChR and EGFR. (casr-signal.com)
  • For instance, exhibit eyes and wing phenotypes indicative of uncontrolled epidermal development aspect receptor (EGFR) signaling (Minowada et al. (biopaqc.com)
  • Although a number of studies have shown that patients with activating mutations in exons 18-21 of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene respond particularly well to gefitinib and erlotinib, a prospective, randomised study was needed to differentiate between the prognostic and predictive value of EGFR mutations. (ersjournals.com)
  • This review considers the current evidence linking biomarker profile to efficacy of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeted therapy in advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and the clinical implications of recent findings. (ersjournals.com)
  • Scientific Background TrkA is a member of the neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor family. (biosensis.com)
  • Bulk Order Inquiry for Anti-LAR/PTPRF (Receptor-Type Tyrosine-Protein Phosphatase) Antibody FL550 Conjugate ------- (please add any order requirements, including desired quantity, timing, etc. (antibodiesinc.com)
  • Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase F or Leukocyte Common Antigen Related protein is encoded by the gene PTPRF and is a member of the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) family. (antibodiesinc.com)
  • Description: Quantitativesandwich ELISA kit for measuring Human Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase F (PTPRF) in samples from serum, plasma, urine, tissue homogenates, cell lysates. (scalegen.com)
  • Description: A sandwich ELISA kit for detection of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non Receptor Type 11 from Rat in samples from blood, serum, plasma, cell culture fluid and other biological fluids. (worldcarecouncil.org)
  • Description: A sandwich quantitative ELISA assay kit for detection of Human Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non Receptor Type 11 (PTPN11) in samples from tissue homogenates or other biological fluids. (worldcarecouncil.org)
  • Ectodomain dropping has emerged as an important posttranslational mechanism to regulate the functions of various integral membrane-bound proteins including adhesion molecules cytokines growth factors and their receptors (57 60 Both. (exposed-skin-care.net)
  • To decipher how amplification of PI(3,4,5)P 3 arises from the relay of signals between cell surface receptors, lipids, and peripheral membrane proteins, we must understand how membrane localization and activity of PI3Ks is regulated by different signaling inputs. (elifesciences.org)
  • In addition to plexins, various other proteins have been implicated either as receptors for semaphorins or as components of the semaphorin receptor complex ( Pasterkamp and Kolodkin, 2003 ). (rupress.org)
  • The present invention relates to antigen-binding proteins, or antigen-binding fragments thereof that bind to a glycan on the AXL receptor tyrosine kinase. (justia.com)
  • The present invention also relates to antigen-binding proteins, or antigen-binding fragment conjugated to a radioisotope or cytotoxin, and wherein said antigen-binding proteins, or antigen-binding fragment is internalised into a cell upon binding to AXL receptor tyrosine kinase. (justia.com)
  • The receptors are ligand binding factors of type 1, 2 or 3 and protein-molecules that receive chemical-signals from outside a cell. (gentaur.com)
  • In this sense, am olfactory receptor is a protein-molecule that recognizes and responds to endogenous-chemical signals, chemokinesor cytokines e.g. an acetylcholine-receptor recognizes and responds to its endogenous-ligand, acetylcholine. (gentaur.com)
  • A signaling cascade is initiated when the receptors bind their respective ligand resulting in cell activation. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • The receptor signaling pathway is initiated by ligand binding to the extracellular domains of the receptor. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • MET receptor tyrosine kinase and its natural ligand, hepatocyte growth factor, have been implicated in a variety of cancers, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). (psu.edu)
  • Strong genetic data link the Tyrosine kinase receptor B (TrkB) and its own main endogenous ligand brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) towards the regulation of energy homeostasis, with loss-of-function mutations in either gene causing severe obesity in both humans and mice. (biobender.com)
  • Despite significant promiscuity between other Eph family members and the ephrin ligands, the single physiologically-relevant ligand of the EphB4 receptor is ephrin-B2 [ 2 ]. (oncotarget.com)
  • Both the receptor and the ligand are membrane-bound but usually expressed on neighbouring cells. (oncotarget.com)
  • Upon ligand binding, type I receptors phosphorylate cytoplasmic SMAD transcription factors, which then translocate to the nucleus and interact directly with DNA or in complex with other transcription factors (Bondestam et al. (nih.gov)
  • Subsequent work set up Spry PPP2R1B (dSpry) being a popular inhibitor of receptor-tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling during organogenesis. (biopaqc.com)
  • Correction to Discovery of a Potent and Selective DDR1 Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Preoperatively, prepare patients with pheochromocytomas by treating them with an alpha-blocker or a tyrosine hydroxylase inhibitor, such as metyrosine, for 1-2 weeks, after which administration of a beta-blocker can be considered. (medscape.com)
  • Such therapy functions through mediating alterations in antigen or receptor function, modulating the immune system or delivering a specific drug that is conjugated to an antibody that targets a specific antigen. (justia.com)
  • In one aspect, there is provided an antigen-binding protein, or an antigen-binding fragment thereof that competes with the antigen binding protein as defined herein for binding to AXL receptor tyrosine kinase. (justia.com)
  • Lung Cancer Cells Survive Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Ki" by Mark C. Howell, Ryan Green et al. (usf.edu)
  • Clinically relevant improvements in survival have been attained by administering targeted therapy to the appropriate patient population: for example, the addition of trastuzumab to standard first-line chemotherapy in patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor-positive (HER2+) metastatic breast cancer 3 . (ersjournals.com)
  • We find that auto-inhibited PI3Kβ must first cooperatively engage a single RTK-derived tyrosine phosphorylated (pY) peptide before it can engage either GβGγ or Rac1(GTP). (elifesciences.org)
  • In approximately 80% of patients, auto-antibodies to the muscle nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (AChR) are present. (nih.gov)
  • Here we show that 70% of AChR-Ab-seronegative MG patients, but not AChR-Ab-seropositive MG patients, have serum auto-antibodies against the muscle-specific receptor tyrosine kinase, MuSK. (nih.gov)
  • Specifically, the present invention relates to anti-AXL tyrosine kinase receptor antibodies and their uses thereof. (justia.com)
  • We have investigated the effects of tyrosine kinase inhibition on [Ca2+]i responses in large numbers of individual human spermatozoa. (dundee.ac.uk)
  • Previous reports of modulation of the progesterone-induced [Ca2+]i signal by tyrosine kinase inhibition probably reflect inhibition of the acrosome reaction. (dundee.ac.uk)
  • This effect was mediated by an action on cholesterol metabolism in lipid rafts and was prevented by tyrosine kinase inhibition. (jneurosci.org)
  • It is a membrane-bound receptor that upon neurotrophin binding, phosphorylates itself and members of the MAPK pathway. (biosensis.com)
  • EphB4 is a membrane-bound receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) commonly over-produced by many epithelial cancers but with low to no expression in most normal adult tissues. (oncotarget.com)
  • Classically, HER family members function from the cell surface, where binding to cognate ligands can induce receptor homo- or hetero-dimerization with other HER family receptors [3] . (plos.org)
  • Here, we addressed the functional interplay between BDNF and cannabinoid CB 1 receptors (CB 1 Rs) in the striatum, a brain area in which both BDNF and CB 1 s play a role in the emotional consequences of stress and of rewarding experiences. (jneurosci.org)
  • The effect of BDNF was restricted to CB 1 Rs controlling GABA-mediated IPSCs (CB 1 R (GABA) ), whereas CB 1 Rs modulating glutamate transmission and GABA B receptors were not affected. (jneurosci.org)
  • The action of BDNF on CB 1 R (GABA) function was tyrosine kinase dependent and was complete even after receptor sensitization with cocaine or environmental manipulations activating the dopamine (DA)-dependent reward system. (jneurosci.org)
  • In mice lacking one copy of the BDNF gene ( BDNF +/− ), CB 1 R (GABA) responses were potentiated and were preserved from the action of haloperidol, a DA D 2 receptor (D 2 R) antagonist able to fully abolish CB 1 R (GABA) function in rewarded animals. (jneurosci.org)
  • For that tyrosine residues in the cytoplasmic tail of the receptors have to be phosphorylated, hence the receptors are referred to as tyrosine-phosphorylated receptors. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • The most prominent feature is the presence of conserved signalling motifs containing tyrosine residue, such as Immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs (ITAMs), in the cytoplasmic tail of the receptors. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • The canonical form of this glycosylated transmembrane protein has an N-terminal extracellular region with five immunoglobulin-like domains, a transmembrane region, and an intracellular tyrosine kinase domain at the C-terminus. (nih.gov)
  • Phosphorylated tyrosine residues recruit various intracellular adaptor and effector molecules that result in the propagation of growth promoting signal transduction cascades [1] , [2] . (plos.org)
  • Results from these analyses demonstrated that the C-terminal domain of HER3 (CTD, amino acids distal to the tyrosine kinase domain) contained potent transactivation potential. (plos.org)
  • Mutations in the ALK gene change single protein building blocks (amino acids) in ALK receptor tyrosine kinase. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Membrane-bound HER receptors activate numerous tumor promoting signaling cascades via this mechanism, including the PI3K/AKT, Ras/Raf/Mek/Erk, PLCγ/PKC, and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathways [1] , [2] . (plos.org)
  • The HER2 receptor does not bind to any known ligands, however, its dimerization arm is innately positioned in an open conformation. (plos.org)
  • The tyrosine kinase receptors Tyro3, Axl and Mer (TAMs) and their ligands protein S and Gas6 are involved in the uptake of PS-exposing apoptotic cells in macrophages and dendritic cells. (lu.se)
  • Metyrosine inhibits tyrosine hydroxylase, the rate-limiting step in catecholamine synthesis. (medscape.com)
  • Both fumes also caused loss of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) protein in the striatum (*20%) and midbrain (*30%) by 1 day post-exposure. (cdc.gov)
  • This phenomenon, known as gene amplification, results in overexpression of ALK receptor tyrosine kinase. (medlineplus.gov)
  • When such chemical-signals couple or bind to a receptor, they cause some form of cellular/tissue-response, e.g. a change in the electrical-activity of a cell. (gentaur.com)
  • Secreted IFN-α/β and IFN-λ bind to their specific receptors (IFNAR and IFNLR) in infected and neighboring cells. (cdc.gov)
  • 1991. Effects of polychlorinated biphenyls with Ah receptor affinity on lymphoid development in the thymus and the bursa of Fabricius on chick embryos in ovo and in mouse thymus anlagen in vitro . (cdc.gov)
  • In vivo, tumour cells are simultaneously exposed to signals initiated by a variety of oncogenes, cytokine receptors and adhesion molecules, and it is the integrated signals that determine the cellular phenotype. (europa.eu)
  • We previously reported that NMDAR surface expression can be increased by LTP-inducing stimulation via tyrosine kinase-dependent mechanisms in the adult hippocampus [D.R. Grosshans, D.A. Clayton, S.J. Coultrap, M.D. Browning, Nat. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Mutated or overexpressed ALK receptor tyrosine kinase no longer requires stimulation from outside the cell to be phosphorylated. (medlineplus.gov)
  • It may be used to treat excessive beta-receptor stimulation in patients with inoperable metastatic pheochromocytoma. (medscape.com)
  • Constitutive activation of ALK receptor tyrosine kinase may increase the proliferation of immature nerve cells, leading to neuroblastoma. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Despite the cited progress in this area of research, the molecular mechanisms underlying growth factor receptor activation by integrins remain to be defined. (123dok.org)
  • Synergistic activation of estrogen receptor with combinations of environmental chemicals. (cdc.gov)
  • Impaired insulin receptor (IR) signaling leads to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. (bioone.org)
  • In this study, we showed that receptor-type PTPϵ (PTPϵM) dephosphorylated IR in rat primary hepatocytes and tyrosines 972, 1158, 1162 and 1163 were primary targets of PTPϵM. (bioone.org)
  • ACVR1C is a type I receptor for the TGFB (see MIM 190180) family of signaling molecules. (nih.gov)
  • Tyrosine kinase receptor gene fusion: A series of four cases of infantile-type hemispheric glioma]. (bvsalud.org)
  • Non-catalytic tyrosine-phosphorylated receptors (NTRs), also called immunoreceptors or Src-family kinase-dependent receptors, are a group of cell surface receptors expressed by leukocytes that are important for cell migration and the recognition of abnormal cells or structures and the initiation of an immune response. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • A prominent member of this receptor family is the T-cell receptor. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Agwa, ES & Ma, PC 2014, ' Targeting the MET receptor tyrosine kinase in non-small cell lung cancer: Emerging role of tivantinib ', Cancer Management and Research , vol. 6, pp. 397-404. (psu.edu)
  • 2007), mice deficient in exhibited clefting from the palate, extreme cell proliferation, and aberrant appearance of downstream focus on genes of FGF receptor signaling (Welsh et al. (biopaqc.com)
  • As to the basis for their collaboration, integrins and growth factor receptors may form macromolecular complexes on the cell membrane (7, 8, 13, 16 -18). (123dok.org)
  • Recent investigations have shown that the RON receptor is expressed in various cell types including epithelial cells (23) and that MSP-mediated effects on epithelial cells are integrin-dependent (23, 24). (123dok.org)
  • Brand TM, Iida M, Luthar N, Wleklinski MJ, Starr MM, Wheeler DL (2013) Mapping C-Terminal Transactivation Domains of the Nuclear HER Family Receptor Tyrosine Kinase HER3. (plos.org)
  • Here, we show that plexin-B family members stably associate with the receptor tyrosine kinase ErbB-2. (rupress.org)
  • These transmembrane receptors are not grouped into the NTR family based on sequence homology, but because they share a conserved signalling pathway utilizing the same signalling motifs. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Members of the Non-catalytic tyrosine-phosphorylated receptor family share a couple of common features. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • 2005). gene dose could save hearing in these mice, reducing gene dose in the S2 cells that shown that Spry works downstream of FGF receptor and either at or above Ras and Raf1 (Casci et al. (biopaqc.com)
  • In addition, one of the direct targets of miR-31 was found to be receptor tyrosine kinase MET, and upregulation of MET caused the chemoresistance to PTX. (nature.com)