Glucocorticoid receptorIntracellular steroid hormone receptorEpidermalProteinsLigandInsulin receptorPhosphorylationAdrenergic receptorSignaling PathwayMoleculesGPCRUbiquitin-proteasDownstreamAgonistEstrogenGlutamate receptorAntibodiesCell surface rInteractionsInhibitorsKinaseEndothelial cellsActivateTransmembraneAntagonistEffectorBeta-arrestinNeuronalCellularSensitivityTyrosine-phosphorylatedBindsInhibitionNeurotransmittersOverexpressionPeptidesGenesEndocyticInternalizationTherapeuticGPCRsActivationRegulatesKappaActivatesMiceExpressionAstrocytesSignalSignalsLigandsVascularStructurallyMediatesMutationsMammalianImmuneRegulation
Glucocorticoid receptor2
- Prenatal exposure to arsenic and cadmium impacts infectious disease-related genes within the glucocorticoid receptor signal transduction pathway. (cdc.gov)
- A set of 82 infection and exposure-related genes was identified and found to be enriched for their role in the glucocorticoid receptor signal transduction pathway. (cdc.gov)
Intracellular steroid hormone receptor1
- Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of any intracellular steroid hormone receptor signaling pathway. (mcw.edu)
Epidermal4
- In contrast to the activated epidermal growth factor receptor that binds the GRB2-Sos complex directly, activation of the insulin receptor results in the interaction of GRB2-Sos with IRS-1 and Shc, thus linking the insulin receptor to Ras signaling pathways. (nih.gov)
- G protein-coupled receptors can activate Erk MAPK pathways through a variety of mechanisms, including stimulation of Src, phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI-3-K), protein kinase C (PKC), or the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor tyrosine kinase. (aspetjournals.org)
- Furthermore, the GIT1 effect is not limited to G protein-coupled receptors because overexpression of this protein also affects internalization of the epidermal growth factor receptor. (duke.edu)
- The discovery of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations in never-smokers has been the most relevant finding ever in non-small cell lung cancer. (aacrjournals.org)
Proteins7
- The intracellular immune system of plants utilises nucleotide-binding leucine rich repeat (NLR) receptors to recognise and activate defence responses to pathogen virulence proteins (effectors) delivered to the host. (jic.ac.uk)
- Mutants of GPR18, designed to constitutively activate receptors, did not tonically inhibit calcium currents, indicating a lack of GPR18 activation or coupling to endogenous G proteins. (unboundmedicine.com)
- Here, we show that insulin-induced activation of ERKs was enhanced by stable overexpression of growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 (GRB2) but not by overexpression of GRB2 proteins with point mutations in the Src homology 2 and 3 domains. (nih.gov)
- It is concluded that PTH stimulates ERK1/2 through several distinct signal transduction pathways: an early G protein-dependent pathway meditated by PKA and PKC and a late pathway independent of G proteins mediated through beta-arrestins. (duke.edu)
- The JAK-STAT signaling pathway is a chain of interactions between proteins in a cell, and is involved in processes such as immunity, cell division, cell death, and tumour formation. (wikipedia.org)
- There are three key parts of JAK-STAT signalling: Janus kinases (JAKs), signal transducer and activator of transcription proteins (STATs), and receptors (which bind the chemical signals). (wikipedia.org)
- The activated JAKs then phosphorylate tyrosine residues on the receptor, creating binding sites for proteins possessing SH2 domains. (wikipedia.org)
Ligand9
- Recent studies propose that N-arachidonyl glycine (NAGly), a carboxylic analogue of anandamide, is an endogenous ligand of the Gα(i/o) protein-coupled receptor 18 (GPR18). (unboundmedicine.com)
- Analysis of phosphorylation-dependent interactions downstream of VEGFR-1 in mammalian cells, which is generally hindered by the lack of ligand-induced receptor phosphorylation, was enabled by the development of chimeric receptors. (figshare.com)
- The chimeric receptors were significantly activated in response to ligand, thereby enabling studies of this signalling with the putative effectors PKB/Akt, PLC and ERK1.2. (figshare.com)
- Lysosomal inhibitors prolong the half-life of both receptor and ligand. (portlandpress.com)
- A possible role for the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway in the degradation of the receptor and ligand is discussed. (portlandpress.com)
- We evaluated the ability of different trypsin-revealed tethered ligand (TL) sequences of rat proteinase-activated receptor 2 (rPAR 2 ) and the corresponding soluble TL-derived agonist peptides to trigger agonist-biased signaling. (aspetjournals.org)
- The protein encoded by this gene is an orphan G protein-coupled receptor whose ligand is unknown. (nih.gov)
- and LN-18), we assessed the ligand expressions of receptors on organic killer cells. (researchassistantresume.com)
- Dexamethasone has an increased affinity for glucocorticoid receptors when compared to the natural hydrocortisone ligand (Kd = 5 nM vs 17 nM). (stemcell.com)
Insulin receptor3
- In response to insulin stimulation, this complex bound to tyrosine-phosphorylated IRS-1 (insulin receptor substrate-1) and Shc. (nih.gov)
- This gene provides instructions for making a protein called an insulin receptor, which is found in many types of cells. (medlineplus.gov)
- Out of 29 liver tissue sections examined, 14 had a low level of expression of insulin receptor type 1 by immunohistochemical studies. (who.int)
Phosphorylation5
- GRK2-mediated receptor phosphorylation is preceded by the agonist-dependent membrane association of this enzyme. (duke.edu)
- Inhibition of Gi or G12/13 pathways by pertussis toxin pre-treatment or over-expression of the RGS mutant Lsc, also did not effect NFκB phosphorylation. (strath.ac.uk)
- Overall these novel data demonstrate an IKK2-dependent, predominantly G-protein-independent pathway involved in PAR-2 regulation of NFκB phosphorylation in keratinocytes. (strath.ac.uk)
- Phorbol ester treatment increases the exocytic rate of the transferrin receptor recycling pathway independent of serine-24 phosphorylation. (rupress.org)
- A mutant human TR in which the major protein kinase C phosphorylation site, serine 24, has been replaced with the non-phosphorylatable amino acid glycine has been constructed to investigate the role of receptor phosphorylation in the PMA induced up-regulation. (rupress.org)
Adrenergic receptor2
- This protein initially was identified as an interacting partner for the G protein-coupled receptor kinases, and its overexpression was found to affect signaling and internalization of the prototypical beta(2)-adrenergic receptor. (duke.edu)
- Taken together, we found that AD or NE increase hepatic hepcidin expression via the α1‐adrenergic receptor and STAT3 pathways in mice. (uea.ac.uk)
Signaling Pathway14
- Browse our retinoic acid Receptor signaling pathway related antibodies and ELISA kits. (antibodies-online.com)
- Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of any ecdysone receptor-mediated signaling pathway. (mcw.edu)
- Leukemia inhibitory factor via the Toll-like receptor 5 signaling pathway involves aggravation of cachexia induced by human gastric cancer-derived 85As2. (oncotarget.com)
- However, in 82As2 cells, LIF production was significantly increased by stimulation with TLR5, which was suppressed by an inhibitor of interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase-1/4, which are important factors in the TLR5 signaling pathway. (oncotarget.com)
- The increase in LIF production resulting from activation of the TLR5 signaling pathway may contribute to the cachexia-inducing ability of 85As2 cells. (oncotarget.com)
- Although sweet, bitter and umami (monosodium glutamate) tastes are different, researchers are finding that information about each of these tastes is transmitted from the various taste receptors via a common intracellular signaling pathway. (scienceblog.com)
- This study aimed to evaluate the Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathway gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and neutrophils in patients throughout the different stages of sepsis.Design: Prospective, observational study.Settings. (unifesp.br)
- A total of 15 septic patients, five with sepsis, five with severe sepsis, and five with septic shock, in addition to five healthy volunteers were enrolled.Interventions: None.Measurements and Main Results: the Human-TLR Signaling Pathway, which comprises 84 genes related to TLR-mediated signal transduction, was evaluated by real time polymerase chain reaction in PBMC and neutrophils obtained from patients and controls. (unifesp.br)
- the told change ratios in PBMC gene expression between septic patients and healthy controls revealed a dynamic process according to the stage of sepsis, tending toward down-regulation of the TLR signaling pathway in PBMC in the more severe forms of the disease. (unifesp.br)
- Patients with sepsis, severe sepsis, and septic shock presented a broad gene upregulation, which included all functional groups evaluated and persisted throughout the stages of the disease.Conclusions: TLR-signaling pathway genes are differently regulated in PBMC and neutrophils of septic patients, and are dynamically modulated throughout the different stages of sepsis. (unifesp.br)
- Importantly, increasing numbers of novel reports suggest that the GFRα-mediated signaling pathway acts as an oncogenic promoter related to tumor proliferation, invasion, and metastasis as well as treatment resistance. (medsci.org)
- CaSR activation in the apical DCT stimulates a signaling pathway involving PKC, WNK4, and SPAK, which increases NCC activation to recover the NaCl not reabsorbed in TAHL. (bvsalud.org)
- Aim: To detect the expression of molecules associated with Notch signaling pathway in stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) cultured in specific differentiation medium, namely, keratinocyte growth medium (KGM). (bvsalud.org)
- RNA was reverse-transcribed to obtain the cDNA and then proceeded with PCR using specific primers for the Notch signaling pathway molecules (Notch1, Jagged-1, Jagged-2 and, Hes1) as well as stem cell marker (Nanog). (bvsalud.org)
Molecules3
- The discovery of phosphotyrosine phosphatases that contain SH2 domains suggests roles for these molecules in growth factor signaling pathways. (drugbank.com)
- The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
- A previous study demonstrated that SLAMF1, SLAMF2, and SLAMF7 receptors are rather downregulated on CLL cells as compared to their normal B cell counterpart [ 12 ], suggesting that high expression of these molecules may have detrimental (e.g., antiproliferative) effects in the CLL context. (nature.com)
GPCR2
- The G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) kinases (GRKs) phosphorylate and desensitize agonist-occupied GPCRs. (duke.edu)
- These animal models enable the direct monitoring of drug action on specific GPCR signaling pathways through newly developed microscopy imaging techniques that rely on fluorescent and bioluminescent resonance energy transfer (F/BRET) between sensors. (cqdm.org)
Ubiquitin-proteas2
- The growth hormone (GH) receptor (GHR) is a mammalian plasma membrane protein whose internalization is mediated by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. (portlandpress.com)
- The ubiquitin-proteasome pathway: on protein death and cell life. (antikoerper-online.de)
Downstream6
- Other downstream effectors of Gα(i/o)-coupled receptors, G protein-coupled inwardly rectifying potassium channels and adenylate cyclase, were not modulated by GPR18 signaling. (unboundmedicine.com)
- To identify novel effectors downstream of these receptors, their intracellular domains were used as bait to screen yeast two-hybrid cDNA libraries. (figshare.com)
- In addition, the observed dependence of some of these effects on a specific tyrosine residue within VEGFR-2 suggested that the chimeric receptors couple to downstream effectors in a manner analogous to that of the full-length receptors. (figshare.com)
- Detailed molecular analyzes showed that SLAMF1 and SLAMF7 receptors mediate their BCR pathway antagonistic effects via recruitment of prohibitin-2 (PHB2) thereby impairing its role in signal transduction downstream the IGHV-mutant IgM-BCR. (nature.com)
- However, the differential gene expression was restricted to five down-regulated genes in septic shock patients, which are found in the effector and downstream pathways. (unifesp.br)
- When GFLs bind with GFRα, they form complexes and associate with the RET receptor, subsequently activating downstream signaling. (medsci.org)
Agonist4
- These results suggest NAGly is not an agonist for GPR18 or that GPR18 signaling involves noncanonical pathways not examined in these studies. (unboundmedicine.com)
- S)-Glutamic acid acts as an excitatory transmitter and an agonist at all subtypes of glutamate receptors (metabotropic, kainate, NMDA, and AMPA). (adooq.com)
- Adenosine A2A receptor agonist polydeoxyribonucleotide ameliorates short-term memory impairment by suppressing cerebral ischemia-induced inflammation via MAPK pathway. (iasp-pain.org)
- Adenosine A2A receptor agonist, polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN), suppresses the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and exhibits anti-inflammatory effect. (iasp-pain.org)
Estrogen4
- Kappa-Opioid Receptor Blockade Ameliorates Obesity Caused by Estrogen Withdrawal via Promotion of Energy Expenditure through mTOR Pathway. (cam.ac.uk)
- We previously showed an unfavorable prognostic role of the cytoplasmic estrogen receptor β2 (cERβ2) in serous ovarian cancer. (unicatt.it)
- We used immunohistochemistry to evaluate differences in apoptosis (quantified by the expression of cleaved caspase-3) and cell proliferation (quantified by the expression of Ki-67) in 56 advanced serous ovarian cancer cases, stratified according to the absence or presence of estrogen receptor β2 (ERβ2) protein in the cytoplasmic compartment (31 cERβ2- and 25 cERβ2+ cases, respectively). (unicatt.it)
- 2004). Phytoestrogens are capable of estrogen-receptor binding (Cornwell et al. (cdc.gov)
Glutamate receptor2
- CNQX is a competitive, non-NMDA glutamate receptor antagonist (IC50s = 0.3 and 1.5 uM for AMPA and kainate receptors, respectively, versus IC50 = 25 uM for NMDA receptors). (adooq.com)
- Zonampanel (YM 872) is a selective antagonist of the glutamate receptor subtype, α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid (AMPA) receptor. (adooq.com)
Antibodies2
- Experiments with antibodies against different receptor tail sections show that degradation of the GHR cytosolic domain precedes degradation of the extracellular GH-binding domain. (portlandpress.com)
- Monoclonal antibodies reveal receptor specificity among G-protein-coupled receptor kinases. (duke.edu)
Cell surface r2
- Critical physiological events throughout the body are controlled by extracellular signals from neurotransmitters and hormones acting on cell surface receptors. (duke.edu)
- The binding of various ligands, usually cytokines, such as interferons and interleukins, to cell-surface receptors, causes the receptors to dimerize, which brings the receptor-associated JAKs into close proximity. (wikipedia.org)
Interactions2
- Receptor and G betagamma isoform-specific interactions with G protein-coupled receptor kinases. (duke.edu)
- The lack of trypsin-triggered β-arrestin interactions correlated with impaired trypsin-activated TL-mutant receptor internalization. (aspetjournals.org)
Inhibitors1
- B cell receptor (BCR) signaling plays a critical role in driving proliferation and survival of the malignant clone in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), supported by the clinical activity of inhibitors targeted toward BCR-associated kinases [ 1 ]. (nature.com)
Kinase6
- The EGF receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor AG1478 (0.25-1 μM) was without effect. (aspetjournals.org)
- Receptors transduce these signals to alter intracellular metabolism and cellular responsiveness through heterotrimeric G protein/second messenger pathways or through small GTP-binding protein/protein kinase cascades. (duke.edu)
- Furthermore, the TL-derived synthetic peptide SLAAAA-NH 2 failed to cause PAR 2 -mediated calcium signaling but did activate MAP kinase, whereas SLIGRL-NH 2 triggered both calcium and MAP kinase signaling by all receptors. (aspetjournals.org)
- In Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) fibroblast cells the protein kinase C activating phorbol ester, phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), stimulates an increase in cell surface transferrin receptor (TR) expression by increasing the exocytic rate of the recycling pathway. (rupress.org)
- STATs may also be tyrosine-phosphorylated directly by receptor tyrosine kinases - but since most receptors lack built-in kinase activity, JAKs are usually required for signalling. (wikipedia.org)
- The GDNF family ligands (GFLs) function through a glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol-(GPI) anchored coreceptor, GDNF family receptor alpha (GFRα), and rearranged during transfection (RET), a well-known receptor tyrosine kinase involved in kidney development, spermatogonial stem cell maintenance, and the development and maintenance of the sympathetic, parasympathetic, and enteric nervous systems [ 1 , 2 ]. (medsci.org)
Endothelial cells2
- Two main VEGF receptors are expressed in endothelial cells: VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2. (figshare.com)
- We present a rate equation model for the TGF-b pathway in endothelial cells together with novel measurements. (lu.se)
Activate3
- Both chimeric receptors were able to activate these effectors. (figshare.com)
- The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) has been shown to activate NCC through the WNK4-SPAK pathway, which is independent of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone system . (bvsalud.org)
- It adds SBSEC to a group of bacteria that activate and aggregate platelets via the platelet Fc-receptor. (lu.se)
Transmembrane2
- LY3130481 is an AMPA receptor antagonist that is dependent upon transmembrane AMPA receptor regulatory protein (TARP) γ-8, selective inhibits AMPA/TARP γ-8 with an IC50 of 65 nM. (adooq.com)
- Signaling Lymphocytic Activation Molecule Family (SLAMF) receptors are a group of nine type I transmembrane receptors that are mainly expressed on a variety of immune cells. (nature.com)
Antagonist8
- NBQX is a potent, selective and competitive AMPA receptor antagonist. (adooq.com)
- DNQX is a non-N-methyl-D-aspartate (non-NMDA) receptor complex antagonist. (adooq.com)
- Tezampanel is an antagonist at the AMPA and kainate families of ionotropic glutamate receptors, with selectivity for the GluR5 subtype of the kainate receptor. (adooq.com)
- YM90K hydrochloride is a selective AMPA receptor antagonist that delays neuronal death in a global ischemia model and cerebral infarction in a focal ischemia model following postischemic administration. (adooq.com)
- Talampanel is a non-competitive antagonist of AMPA-receptor. (adooq.com)
- GYKI53655 Hydrochloride is a non-competitive AMPA and kainate receptor antagonist. (adooq.com)
- SYM 2206 is a novel, potent, non-competitive AMPA receptor antagonist. (adooq.com)
- In order to confirm the participation of the adenosine A2A receptor in the effects mediated by PDRN, 8 mg/kg 7-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine (DMPX), adenosine A2A receptor antagonist, was treated with PDRN. (iasp-pain.org)
Effector1
- These new tools (FRET biosensors) and promising models (knock-in mice) enable physiological and directly detectable expression of the targeted receptor and/or effector protein. (cqdm.org)
Beta-arrestin2
- GIT1 only affects the function of G protein-coupled receptors that are internalized through the clathrin-coated pit pathway in a beta-arrestin- and dynamin-sensitive manner. (duke.edu)
- Scholars@Duke publication: Distinct beta-arrestin- and G protein-dependent pathways for parathyroid hormone receptor-stimulated ERK1/2 activation. (duke.edu)
Neuronal4
- To address this inconsistency, this study investigated GPR18 coupling in a native neuronal system with endogenous signaling pathways and effectors. (unboundmedicine.com)
- Outcomes provide evidence of an expected neural excitatory and proinflammatory state in cases that could predispose to neuronal damage via NMDAR hyperactivation through kynurenine pathway activation and will provide evidence in humans of possible effects of temporarily blocking NMDAR with a subanesthetic dose (0.5 mg/kg) of ketamine. (dtic.mil)
- Neuronal control of behavior arises from the activity of underlying neural circuits, which in turn are specified by the interaction of various signaling pathways. (jneurosci.org)
- Adaptations of receptor-coupled signal transduction pathways underlying stress and drug-induced neuronal plasticity. (bvsalud.org)
Cellular2
- Furthermore, the altered receptor mediates cellular Fe accumulation from diferric-Tf, thereby fulfilling the receptor's major biological role. (rupress.org)
- However, WSC induced cell cycle arrest and cellular senescence mediated by the p53-p21 pathway. (who.int)
Sensitivity3
- Multiple endocytic pathways of G protein-coupled receptors delineated by GIT1 sensitivity. (duke.edu)
- Overexpression of SLAMF1 or SLAMF7 in IGHV mutated CLL cell models resulted in reduced proliferation and impaired responses to BCR ligation, whereas the knockout of both receptors showed opposing effects and increased sensitivity toward inhibition of components of the BCR pathway. (nature.com)
- In the work presented here, we provide compelling data that SLAMF1 and SLAMF7 receptors may not only enhance immune control of CLL but also negatively regulate BCR signaling and thereby impact sensitivity towards BTK inhibition in the substantial fraction of patients with SLAMF1 or SLAMF7 expressing M-CLL. (nature.com)
Tyrosine-phosphorylated1
- STATs then bind to the phosphorylated tyrosines on the receptor using their SH2 domains, and then they are tyrosine-phosphorylated by JAKs, causing the STATs to dissociate from the receptor. (wikipedia.org)
Binds3
- 1. nictone acteylcholine receptors- signal ACh binds to chanel and allows nicotine to bind. (getrevising.co.uk)
- 1.signal binds to receptor 2. (getrevising.co.uk)
- The Gly-24-substituted receptor binds, internalizes, and recycles Tf. (rupress.org)
Inhibition2
- This has led to the question of whether EGFR remains a viable target in patients other than those whose tumors contain mutations, and whether the modest activity of cetuximab in colorectal cancer and head and neck cancer represents all that we can expect from inhibition of this pathway in the absence of mutation. (aacrjournals.org)
- Thus activation of the vasoactive G protein-coupled Amphotericin B receptor Amphotericin B UT triggers functional inhibition and endocytosis of GABAAR in CHO and human astrocytes its receptor C-terminus. (mdm2-inhibitors.com)
Neurotransmitters1
- Hence as much neurotransmitters and vasoactive peptides are released by endothelium and astrocytes and their receptors are portrayed by astrocytes there's a potential for complicated signaling inside the neurovascular device regarding receptor cross-talks. (mdm2-inhibitors.com)
Overexpression2
- Here, we report that GIT1 overexpression regulates internalization of numerous, but not all, G protein-coupled receptors. (duke.edu)
- Mechanisms of pathway activation other than mutation have been discovered in recent years, and include overexpression mediated by gene amplification or by amplification of a dinucleotide repeat in the EGFR promoter, mutation of an extracellular region on EGFR generating a mutant protein termed EGFRvIII, and enhanced signaling due to heterodimerization with other members of the EGFR family, particularly overexpression of HER2/HER3. (aacrjournals.org)
Peptides1
- Thus, PAR 2 can signal to multiple pathways that are differentially triggered by distinct proteinase-revealed TLs or by synthetic signal-selective activating peptides. (aspetjournals.org)
Genes5
- False positive non-synonymous polymorphisms of G-protein coupled receptor genes. (nih.gov)
- The pathway communicates information from chemical signals outside of a cell to the cell nucleus, resulting in the activation of genes through the process of transcription. (wikipedia.org)
- This research aimed to identify key genes/signal transduction pathways that associate prenatal exposure to these toxic metals with changes in infectious disease susceptibility using a Comparative Genomic Enrichment Method (CGEM). (cdc.gov)
- Using CGEM an infectious disease gene (IDG) database was developed comprising 1085 genes with known roles in viral, bacterial, and parasitic disease pathways. (cdc.gov)
- Given their common identification across numerous human cohorts and their known toxicological role in disease, the identified genes within the glucocorticoid signal transduction pathway may underlie altered infectious disease susceptibility associated with prenatal exposures to the toxic metals iAs and Cd in humans. (cdc.gov)
Endocytic3
- The specificity of the GIT1 effect is not related to the type of G protein to which a receptor couples, but rather to the endocytic route it uses. (duke.edu)
- Thus, GIT1 is a protein involved in regulating the function of signaling receptors internalized through the clathrin pathway and can be used as a diagnostic tool for defining the endocytic pathway of a receptor. (duke.edu)
- No change in the endocytic rate or the size of the recycling receptor pool was observed. (rupress.org)
Internalization1
- The data indicate that the proteolytically revealed TL sequence(s) and the mode of its presentation to the receptor (tethered versus soluble) can confer biased signaling by PAR 2 , its arrestin recruitment, and its internalization. (aspetjournals.org)
Therapeutic4
- Receptors and signaling pathways evaluated were selected for their potential therapeutic value as targets for cancer as well as neurologic disease. (cqdm.org)
- In this review , we examine new information about the mechanism of how the CaSR regulates NCC through the WNK4-SPAK pathway and its physiological and therapeutic implications. (bvsalud.org)
- These findings reveal the importance of the CaSR-mediated activation of the WNK4-SPAK pathway in regulating salt and calcium homeostasis and its potential as a therapeutic target for hypertension and related diseases . (bvsalud.org)
- Bacterial activation of platelets through this pathway is common for many bacteria causing IE and could be a potential therapeutic target for the prevention and treatment of this infection. (lu.se)
GPCRs1
- Because they are involved in so many physiological processes, G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) are engaged by roughly 40% of marketed drugs and remain a prime target for the development of new therapeutics. (cqdm.org)
Activation11
- Click on one of the subfamilies of IgSF or TNFRSF co-signaling receptors shown in the Explore Pathways box below to see how the different members of each family affect T cell activation. (rndsystems.com)
- The five articles in this edition of CCR Focus will address the various mechanisms of EGFR pathway activation and provide insight into the potential for translation into clinical relevance. (aacrjournals.org)
- We identified a subset of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) patients with high Signaling Lymphocytic Activation Molecule Family (SLAMF) receptor-related signaling that showed an indolent clinical course. (nature.com)
- In B cells, this class of receptors has been shown to be expressed in distinct patterns associated with development and activation [ 11 ]. (nature.com)
- After thrombin treatment, the expression level and secretion of FN were observed by RT-PCR, immunofluorescence staining and ELISA, respectively, and the activation of ERK1/2 and NF kappa B pathways was revealed by Western blotting, with or without pre-treatment of small-molecule blockers specific for PAR-1 and -2. (biomedcentral.com)
- Platelet activation pathways. (medscape.com)
- GABAA receptor (GABAAR) appearance level is inversely correlated with the proliferation price of astrocytes after heart stroke or during malignancy of astrocytoma resulting in the hypothesis that GABAAR appearance/activation may are a cell proliferation repressor. (mdm2-inhibitors.com)
- It's been confirmed that simultaneous activation of different postsynaptic receptors induces cross-modulation of their activation properties and receptor membrane insertion/deletion. (mdm2-inhibitors.com)
- The biological actions of URP and UII are mediated through activation of the G protein-coupled receptor named UT. (mdm2-inhibitors.com)
- Blockade of the platelet Fc-receptor or enzymatic cleavage of IgG abolished platelet activation and aggregation. (lu.se)
- The Fc-IgG-receptor pathway was shown essential for platelet activation and aggregation. (lu.se)
Regulates1
Kappa1
- The aim of this study is to elucidate whether the kappa-opioid receptor (k-OR) system is involved in mediating body weight changes associated with E2 withdrawal. (cam.ac.uk)
Activates1
- receptor g protien interaction- g protien activates 3. (getrevising.co.uk)
Mice1
- Remarkably, the hypothalamic mTOR pathway plays an important role in regulating weight gain and adiposity in OVX mice. (cam.ac.uk)
Expression7
- We have used an expression cloning strategy based on calcium influx to isolate a functional cDNA encoding a capsaicin receptor from sensory neurons. (nih.gov)
- Proper expression and trafficking of receptor were confirmed by the "rim-like" fluorescence of fluorescently tagged receptor and the positive staining of external hemagglutinin-tagged GPR18-expressing cells. (unboundmedicine.com)
- This last function reflects the expression of TSH receptors in tanycytes, which detect photoperiod-regulated changes in TSH secretion from the neighbouring pars tuberalis. (nottingham.ac.uk)
- Expression of the TSH receptor in tanycytes of 10-day-old Sprague Dawley rats was observed by in situ hybridisation. (nottingham.ac.uk)
- The increased TR expression on the cell surface after PMA treatment results from an increase in the rate of exocytosis of the recycling receptors. (rupress.org)
- PCR was performed to detect the expression of the protease-activated receptors (PARs) in MSCs. (biomedcentral.com)
- Also our study indicated that WSC induced an increase in the transcriptional expression of matrix metalloproteinases, MMP-2 and MMP-9 and an immune response regulator, Toll Like Receptor-4. (who.int)
Astrocytes1
- Investigations in modifications in GABAAR-mediated features receptor modulation or densities in astrocytes stay unchallenged. (mdm2-inhibitors.com)
Signal3
- signal interacts with receptor, g protien couples with the receptor and an enzyme. (getrevising.co.uk)
- The present overall aim was to determine the signal transduction pathway by which TSH signals in tanycytes. (nottingham.ac.uk)
- Involvement of SH2-containing phosphotyrosine phosphatase Syp in erythropoietin receptor signal transduction pathways. (drugbank.com)
Signals1
- The identification of a common pathway runs counter to widespread belief among some researchers in the taste field who have long held the view that the different tastes require distinct machinery within the cell to transduce their signals to the brain, which is responsible for processing taste perceptions. (scienceblog.com)
Ligands2
- These findings imply the existence of distinct active conformations of the hPTH1R responsible for the two pathways, which can be stimulated by unique ligands. (duke.edu)
- Although these receptors are structurally similar, they determine specificity for four ligands-GDNF, Neurturin (NRTN), Artemin (ARTN) and Persephin (PSPN). (medsci.org)
Vascular1
- This pathway plays a prominent role in inter- and intracellular communication and subversion can lead to cancer, fibrosis vascular disorders, and immune diseases. (lu.se)
Structurally1
- This receptor is a non-selective cation channel that is structurally related to members of the TRP family of ion channels. (nih.gov)
Mediates1
- SBSEC mediates platelet aggregation in an IgG and IgG-Fc-receptor dependent manner. (lu.se)
Mutations1
- The INSR gene mutations that cause Rabson-Mendenhall syndrome reduce the number of insulin receptors that reach the cell membrane or diminish the function of these receptors. (medlineplus.gov)
Mammalian1
- It is believed that there are likely to be multiple evolutionary pathways that would increase mammalian transmissibility of avian influenza viruses, including HPAI H5N1 viruses. (cdc.gov)
Immune1
- Together, our data indicate that SLAMF receptors are important modulators of the BCR signaling axis and may improve immune control in CLL by interference with NK cells. (nature.com)
Regulation1
- Regulation of the WNK4-SPAK-NCC pathway by the calcium-sensing receptor. (bvsalud.org)