Receptor par 1. Medical search. Frequent questions

Using this assay, we analyzed the actions of a number of previously described putative PAR 1 -targeted peptide agonists and antagonists. (aspetjournals.org)
To this end, we developed a calcium-signaling assay, employing cultured human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293) in which the action of PAR 1 and PAR 2 agonists and antagonists could be evaluated simultaneously. (aspetjournals.org)
Vorapaxar is in a class of medications called protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR-1) antagonists. (medlineplus.gov)
Our thrombin & related peptides group includes PAR peptides and their agonists/antagonists that are relevant to the study of sequence-specific models of thrombin receptor activation and in turn, their modulatory roles in cardiovascular and circulatory systems. (anaspec.com)

Synthetic peptide corresponding to aa 61-76 of human PAR-1 (proteinase-activated receptor-1). (enzolifesciences.com)
Proteinase-activated receptor (PAR)-1 and -2 agonists induce mediator " by Grant R Stenton, Osamu Nohara et al. (lvhn.org)
Proteinase-activated receptor (PAR)-1 and -2 agonists induce mediator release from mast cells by pathways distinct from PAR-1 and PAR-2. (lvhn.org)
We evaluated the ability of different trypsin-revealed tethered ligand (TL) sequences of rat proteinase-activated receptor 2 (rPAR 2 ) and the corresponding soluble TL-derived agonist peptides to trigger agonist-biased signaling. (aspetjournals.org)

WT CD34(+) cells incubated with a PAR-1 antagonist or taken from PAR-1-deficient mice inhibited IH as Tg cells did. (nih.gov)
E5555 is a potent protease-activated receptor (PAR-1) antagonist targeting the G-coupled receptor and modulating thrombin-platelet-endothelial interactions. (uea.ac.uk)
FR 171113 is a protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR 1 ) antagonist. (tocris.com)
In males, administration of an androgen receptor antagonist flutamide between P0-P2 led to the disappearance of the proconvulsant muscimol effects at P15. (elsevierpure.com)
The interesting involvement of NK1 receptor (NK1R) in neurodegeneration has highlighted the value of investigating the neuroprotective effect of aprepitant (Aprep), an NK1R antagonist in Parkinson's disease (PD). (bvsalud.org)

The substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNR) controls seizures in a sex-specific manner. (elsevierpure.com)
Heida, JG, Velíšková, J & Moshé, SL 2008, ' Blockade of androgen receptors is sufficient to alter the sexual differentiation of the substantia nigra pars reticulata seizure-controlling network ', Epileptic Disorders , vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 8-12. (elsevierpure.com)

The receptor is activated by TRYPSIN, which cleaves off the N-terminal peptide from the receptor. (curehunter.com)
Furthermore, we used this assay to develop a PAR 1 receptor-activating probe [Ala-parafluoroPhe-Arg-Cha-Cit-Tyr-NH 2 (Cit-NH 2 )], which displays a high degree of specificity for PAR 1 over PAR 2 , and we used the assay to quantitate the ability of trypsin to disarm the activation of PAR 1 by thrombin. (aspetjournals.org)
We demonstrated that rat peritoneal mast cells expressed PAR-1 and PAR-2 mRNA, and that PAR-2AP (tc-LIGRLO-NH(2), 1 microm) induced 64.2 +/- 4.4% specific beta-hexosaminidase release from peritoneal mast cells, whereas another PAR-2AP (SLIGRL-NH(2), 10 microM), trypsin (40 U/ml), and mast cell tryptase (1.5 microg/ml) did not. (lvhn.org)
However, trypsin and factor Xa activate PAR4 by cleaving the receptor at various places in its N-terminal domain. (wikipedia.org)
PARs are activated by the action of serine proteases such as thrombin (acts on PARs 1, 3 and 4) and trypsin (PAR 2). (wikipedia.org)
These receptors are activated when the amino terminus of the receptor is cleaved by specific serine proteases - thrombin (PAR-1, 3 and 4) and trypsin (PAR-2). (anaspec.com)
Results: Dust extracts contained trypsin and elastase activities, and activated protease activated receptor (PAR)-1 and -2. (cdc.gov)
Neither rPAR 2 -Ala 37-38 nor rPAR 2 -Leu 37 Ser 38 constructs recruited β-arrestins-1 or -2 in response to trypsin stimulation, whereas both β-arrestins were recruited to these mutants by SLIGRL-NH 2 . (aspetjournals.org)
The lack of trypsin-triggered β-arrestin interactions correlated with impaired trypsin-activated TL-mutant receptor internalization. (aspetjournals.org)

Platelet aggregation was measured in 55 patients undergoing elective PCI at 16-24 hours after 600 mg clopidogrel loading dose by light transmittance aggregometry using ADP 20 μM and thrombin receptor agonist peptide (TRAP) at 15 μM and 25 μM as agonists. (nih.gov)
Our data illustrate the usefulness of the HEK cell assay for evaluating the PAR 1 /PAR 2 selectivity of PAR-activating agonists. (aspetjournals.org)
Synthetic thrombin receptor peptides or thrombin receptor activating peptides (TRAPs) generated by thrombin's proteolytic activity are considered full agonists, which are studied in relation to thrombin signaling, platelet activation, protein phoshorylation etc. (anaspec.com)
We set out to examine the pattern of cortico-basal ganglia oscillations induced by selective agonists of D1 and D2 receptors in a rat model of LID. (lu.se)
Our results reveal that the dyskinetic effects of D1 and D2 receptor agonists are associated with distinct patterns of cortico-basal ganglia oscillations, suggesting a recruitment of partially distinct networks. (lu.se)

Thrombin induces platelet aggregation by binding to protease activated receptor-1 (PAR-1), and inhibition of PAR-1 has been evaluated in patients treated with clopidogrel to reduce ischemic events after acute coronary syndromes. (nih.gov)
Compared with syngeneic controls, endogenous CD34(+) cells were mobilized in significant numbers after allogeneic transplantation, the majority showing sustained expression of tissue factor and protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR-1). (nih.gov)
Protease-activated receptors (PAR) are a subfamily of related G protein-coupled receptors that are activated by cleavage of part of their extracellular domain. (wikipedia.org)
Protease-activated receptors PAR are not to be mistaken with PAR proteins, a group of regulators of cellular polarity named after their associated partitioning phenotype. (wikipedia.org)
There are four mammalian members of the protease-activated receptor (PAR) family: PAR1 - encoded by the gene F2R, PAR2 - F2RL1, PAR3 - F2RL2 and PAR4 - F2RL3, all these genes have their locus on chromosome 5 except of PAR4, which is on chromosome 19. (wikipedia.org)
The protease specificities, expression patterns, and functions of each PAR vary across a range of tissues and cell types. (wikipedia.org)
When scientists were researching the process of blood clotting in the late 1980s, they made the discovery of protease-activated receptors (PARs). (wikipedia.org)
This protein, which was eventually given the designation protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1), was the first to be recognized as a member of the PAR family. (wikipedia.org)
Protease activated receptors are integral membrane proteins that are coupled to G-proteins and are activated by proteolytic cleavage of the amino terminal sequence that exposes a new N-terminal sequence functions as a tethered ligand, which bind a conserved region on extracellular loop 2 (ECL2). (wikipedia.org)
The cellular effects of thrombin are mediated by protease-activated receptors (PARs). (wikipedia.org)
PARs or Protease Activated Receptors function as receptors for Thrombin. (anaspec.com)
This observation suggests that during their activation, platelets generate a protease that activates PAR-1. (mcmaster.ca)
Serine protease inhibitors and PAR-1 or PAR-2 knockdown suppressed inflammatory gene induction. (cdc.gov)
Blood coagulation involves a series of zymogen acti-vation reactions that are mainly performed by enzyma- tic complexes consisting of a serine protease, a protein co-factor and membranes containing anionic phospholipids (1). (scielo.br)
Results In vitro, PR3 promoted monocyte-derived MGC formation using cells from patients with GPA but not from patients with MPA, and this was dependent on soluble interleukin 6 (IL-6), as well as monocyte MAC-1 and protease-activated receptor-2, found to be overexpressed in the cells of patients with GPA. (bmj.com)
This study showed for the first time that thrombin promotes specific, dose-dependent glutamate release from RPE cells, induced by the activation of protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR-1). (molvis.org)
Src plays a critical role in regulating cellular responses induced by protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1). (tmu.edu.tw)
We demonstrate that the thrombin receptor (protease-activated receptor 1, PAR1) exhibits peak expression levels in the spinal cord at term and is a critical regulator of the myelination continuum from initiation to the final levels achieved. (elsevierpure.com)
With these stably transduced cell lines, we performed a therapeutic target screen via siRNA-mediated knock-down of a number of potentially therapeutic targets within the wnt pathway - osteoprotegerin (OPG), Traf2 and Nck-interacting kinase (TNIK), SRY-related HMG-box (Sox2), protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR-1), β-catenin and transcription factor 4 (TCF4). (uni-muenchen.de)
Knockdown of protease-activated receptor (PAR) proteins was achieved by transfection with siRNA. (tmu.edu.tw)
Pharmacologic inhibitors or activators and genetic inhibition by siRNA of protease-activated receptors (PARs) revealed that the PAR1 and PAR3 receptors, but not the PAR4 receptor, are involved in thrombin-mediated upregulation of HO-1. (tmu.edu.tw)

In contrast, thrombin receptor-activating peptides derived from the human PAR 1 receptor sequence (e.g. (aspetjournals.org)

The PAR 1 -selective agonist that we developed using the assay should prove useful for studying the effects of selectively activating PAR 1 in vivo. (aspetjournals.org)
In the cleaved state, part of the receptor itself acts as the agonist, causing a physiological response. (wikipedia.org)
At postnatal day 15 (P15), SNR infusion of GABA A receptor agonist muscimol have proconvulsant effects in males but not in females. (elsevierpure.com)

The uncleaved receptor can also be activated by the N-terminal peptide present on the activated THROMBIN RECEPTOR and by small synthetic peptides that contain the unmasked N-terminal sequence. (curehunter.com)
We found that most of the previously described PAR 1 -targeted agents can also activate/desensitize PAR 2 , and most of these peptides can also activate a calcium signaling pathway in a target cell that possesses PAR 2 along with PAR 1 . (aspetjournals.org)
Because thrombin-induced inflammation is partially mast cell-dependent and involves proteinase-activated receptors (PARs), we hypothesized that mast cells express PAR and can be stimulated with PAR-activating peptides (PAR-AP). (lvhn.org)
The responsiveness of mast cells to PAR-AP via a non-PAR-1/non-PAR-2 mechanism complicates the interpretation of in vivo studies using these peptides. (lvhn.org)
These findings suggest that TFF3 activates intestinal epithelial cells through G-protein-coupled PAR-2, and could actively participate in the immune system of breastfed babies inducing the production of peptides related to innate defense, such as defensins and cytokines. (wikipedia.org)
Thus, PAR 2 can signal to multiple pathways that are differentially triggered by distinct proteinase-revealed TLs or by synthetic signal-selective activating peptides. (aspetjournals.org)

In this modality of activation, a specific proteinase cleaves the PAR receptor within a defined sequence in its extracellular N-terminal domain. (enzolifesciences.com)
This binding results in the coupling of the receptor to G proteins and in the activation of several signal transduction pathways 1-3 Different PARs are activated by different proteinases. (enzolifesciences.com)
PAR-1 activation in cancer cells transmits mitogenic signals through the activation of the erk1/2 pathway and is involved in tumor spread via its pro-angiogenic activity. (enzolifesciences.com)
We developed a calcium signaling-based assay, using cultured human embryonic kidney cells (HEK), that evaluates simultaneously, the activation/desensitization or blockade of the proteinase-activated receptors, PAR 1 and PAR 2 . (aspetjournals.org)
We sought to extend the receptor-desensitization paradigm for use with a cultured cell system, in which an intracellular calcium signal rather than a contractile response might be used as an index of receptor activation. (aspetjournals.org)
Such binding causes activation of intracellular pathways and the specific change in conformation of the PAR. (wikipedia.org)
Although the proteolysis is the main mechanism for PAR activation, it is well known that a synthetic peptide (SLIGKV) that mimics the new N-terminal sequence produced after the cleavage, activates PAR-2 receptors without its proteolytic processing. (wikipedia.org)
Most of the PAR family act through the actions of G-proteins i (cAMP inhibitory), 12/13 (Rho and Ras activation) and q (calcium signalling) to cause cellular actions. (wikipedia.org)
Four PARs are known in mice and humans with specific activation modes. (anaspec.com)
1) Immune mediated damage near infected endothelial cells leads to collagen exposure, fibrin deposition, platelet activation, endothelial activation, and release of ultra-high molecular weight vWF from endothelial cells and platelets. (cdc.gov)
PAR-1 activation strengthens endothelial tight junctions, increases endothelial survival, and dampens the inflammatory response. (cdc.gov)
We previously demonstrated that human platelets activated with SFLLRN release PAR-1 activation peptide, PAR-1-(1-41), even in the presence of hirudin. (mcmaster.ca)
The flow-dependent adhesion of platelets to those and other extracellular matrix components is stabilized by a panel of integrins, including integrin α 2 β 1 , α IIb β 3 , and α 6 β 1 (adhesive platelet population), while the initial activation of platelets is achieved by signaling via the collagen/laminin receptor, glycoprotein VI (GPVI). (frontiersin.org)
Although these platelet activation processes are relatively well-studied as a function of the platelet environment, only since recently it is becoming clear that a multitude of proteases present in plasma or produced by platelets themselves are important for the distinct properties of platelet populations, often by cleaving specific receptors. (frontiersin.org)
Here, using different experimental approaches, especially designer receptor exclusively activated by designer drug (DREADD) chemogenetic technology, we found that sustained activation of G q -protein signaling impairs the functionality of striatal neurons and we unveil the precise molecular mechanism underlying this process: a phospholipase C/Ca 2+ /proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2/cJun N -terminal kinase pathway. (jneurosci.org)
Thus, activation of androgen receptors is important for the presence of proconvulsant SNR muscimol responses. (elsevierpure.com)
Stimulation of cells with thrombin increased PKCδ, c-Src, and Nrf2 activation.Conclusion: Our results suggest that the interaction between thrombin and PAR1/PAR3 increases HO-1 expression in human synovial fibroblasts through the PKCδ, c-Src, and Nrf2 signaling pathways. (tmu.edu.tw)

They are also members of the seven-transmembrane G-protein-coupled receptor superfamily, and are expressed throughout the body. (wikipedia.org)
Thrombin binds to the extracellular terminus of PAR-1, a member in the Gcoupled receptor superfamily, whereas TNF binds to TNFR1 and TNFR-2 (299, 300). (adenosine-kinase.com)
EpoR belongs to the cytokine receptor superfamily and is also found on macrophages and endothelial cells, which play a role in systemic autoimmune diseases. (edu.au)
Vitamin D receptors are members of the nuclear radio superfamily and play a central position in the natural actions of vitamin D. These kinds of proteins control the expression of genes associated with calcium/phosphate homeostasis, cellular proliferation, and the immune system response. (frenchyhost.com)

Local field potentials were recorded in freely moving rats using large-scale electrodes targeting three motor cortical regions, dorsomedial and dorsolateral striatum, external globus pallidus, and substantial nigra pars reticulata. (lu.se)

PD has been traditionally considered as a pure movement disorder secondary to focal degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, but, in recent years, the clinical phenotype has been better illuminated, showing that PD is a multisystem neurodegenerative disorder with motor and nonmotor features (Table 1 ) [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
The functionality of striatal neurons is tightly controlled by various metabotropic receptors. (jneurosci.org)
The VDR receptor is known as a protein available on neurons, glia and glioma cells. (frenchyhost.com)

Clopidogrel inhibits ADP mediated platelet aggregation through inhibition of the P2Y12 receptor by its active metabolite. (nih.gov)
Specific inhibition of thrombin generation or PAR-1 signaling on α-SMA(+) CD34(+) cells inhibits IH and promotes regenerative repair despite ongoing immune-mediated damage. (nih.gov)
Increased PAI-1 suggests an inhibition of fibrinolysis, but D-dimers and other FDPs are only formed during plasmin mediated breakdown of fibrin. (cdc.gov)

The new N-terminal peptide is a cryptic ligand for the receptor. (curehunter.com)
Furthermore, the TL-derived synthetic peptide SLAAAA-NH 2 failed to cause PAR 2 -mediated calcium signaling but did activate MAP kinase, whereas SLIGRL-NH 2 triggered both calcium and MAP kinase signaling by all receptors. (aspetjournals.org)

These G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR) are seen as contributors to different pathways including those of the circulatory and cardiovascular system, nervous system, gastrointestinal system, airways and also the skin. (anaspec.com)
Many biologically active molecules signal via membrane-bound receptors coupled to heterotrimeric G proteins, and are therefore referred as G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR). (europa.eu)

Endothelial PARs participate in the regulation of vascular tone and permeability while in vascular smooth muscle they mediate contraction, proliferation, and hypertrophy. (wikipedia.org)
Objective: The erythropoietin receptor (EpoR) stimulates erythro- cyte proliferation after erythropoietin binding. (edu.au)
Data evaluation of all in vitro assays pointed at reduced levels of proliferation, invasive behavior and aggressiveness, which yielded three candidates (PAR-1, TNIK and β-catenin) considered as viable for a treatment attempt in vivo. (uni-muenchen.de)

Addition of PAR-1 antiplatelet drugs may be most effective in patients with reduced clopidogrel response and high residual TRAP mediated platelet aggregation. (nih.gov)
Selective blockade of platelet receptors suggests unique antiplatelet properties of E5555 as a potential addition to current antithrombotic regimens. (uea.ac.uk)

PAR-1 belongs to a four member family of G protein-coupled receptors (PAR-1 to -4) that are activated as a result of proteolytic cleavage by certain serine proteases, hence their name. (enzolifesciences.com)
A third member of the PAR family, known as PAR2, was discovered as a protein triggered by in 1996. (wikipedia.org)
They belong to the seven transmembrane G-protein coupled family of receptors. (anaspec.com)
MybiosourceProduct Short Name: [G-Protein Coupled Receptor 126 (GPR126)]Product Name Synonyme: [G-Protein Coupled Receptor. (biocheminfo.org)
Tissue factor (TF) is a 47-kDa membrane-bound protein that serves as a receptor and co-factor for the enzyme factor VIIa (FVIIa), with subsequent formation of the extrinsic tenase complex that converts factor X (FX) to FXa (2). (scielo.br)
The four members of the recently identified suppressor of cytokines signaling family (SOCS-1, SOCS-2, SOCS-3, and CIS, where CIS is cytokine-inducible SH2-containing protein) appear, by various means, to negatively regulate cytokine signal transduction. (embl.de)
Dopamine acts in the striatum through the D 1 and D 2 subfamilies of G-protein-coupled receptors. (jneurosci.org)
Tanner MJ, Wang J, Ying R, Suboc TB, et al: Dynamin-related protein 1 mediates low glucose-induced endothelial dysfunction in human arterioles. (msdmanuals.com)

Thrombosis and Haemostasis, 102 (1). (uea.ac.uk)
PARs play a role in a multitude of physiological processes such as hemostasis, thrombosis, inflammation, and pain sensation. (wikipedia.org)
According to a common concept of thrombosis and hemostasis, damage or injury of a vessel wall and ensuing exposure of extracellular matrix components to the blood stream triggers platelets from the circulation to become adherent and to assemble into a thrombus, thus limiting the extravasation of blood ( 1 , 2 ). (frontiersin.org)

5) Increases in soluble thrombomodulin and EPCR likely leave less surface bound forms, inhibiting the ability of endothelial cells to activate cytoprotective pathways through PAR-1 and increasing their susceptibility to immune mediated destruction. (cdc.gov)
WNT signals are context-dependently transduced to both pathways based on the expression profile of WNT, SFRP, WIF, DKK, Frizzled receptors, coreceptors, and the activity of intracellular WNT signaling regulators. (aacrjournals.org)
Here, we investigated the intracellular signaling pathways involved in thrombin-induced HO-1 expression in human synovial fibroblasts (SFs).Methods: Thrombin-mediated HO-1 expression was assessed with quantitative real-time (q)PCR. (tmu.edu.tw)
Specific modalities can be associated with unique peripheral receptors, peripheral axons of stereotyped diameter and specific central projection pathways. (cdc.gov)

We investigated the in-vitro effects of E5555 on platelet function beyond PAR-1 blockade in healthy volunteers and CAD patients treated with aspirin (ASA) with or without clopidogrel. (uea.ac.uk)
In conclusion, E5555 in vitro moderately but significantly inhibits platelet activity beyond PAR-1 blockade. (uea.ac.uk)

Collectively, these receptors confer responsiveness to flow as shown in PECAM1-knockout mice, which do not activate NF-B in regions of disturbed flow. (adenosine-kinase.com)
The data indicate that the proteolytically revealed TL sequence(s) and the mode of its presentation to the receptor (tethered versus soluble) can confer biased signaling by PAR 2 , its arrestin recruitment, and its internalization. (aspetjournals.org)

This cleavage results in the creation of a new N-terminal sequence (tethered ligand), which subsequently binds to a site in the second extracellular loop of the same receptor. (enzolifesciences.com)
Enriched spinal cord myelination in PAR1-/- mice was coupled to increases in extracellular-signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and AKT signaling developmentally. (elsevierpure.com)
These studies identify the thrombin receptor as a powerful extracellular regulatory switch that could be readily targeted to improve myelin production in the face of white matter injury and disease. (elsevierpure.com)

In this sense, here we report that TFF3 isolated from human breast milk activates PAR-2 receptors of intestinal epithelial cells HT-29. (wikipedia.org)
These areas are often made up of polarized parenchymal epithelial cells that form barriers to compartmentalize functions in cavities of the liver, intestine or lungs (Figure 1 ). (hindawi.com)

On the other hand, PARs can be specifically cleaved and irreversibly activated even by exogenous proteases originated from insects, bacteria or plants and fungi. (wikipedia.org)
Our finding provides a new paradigm for how an irreversibly activated receptor regulates its downstream signalling. (tmu.edu.tw)

Important NF-B target genes in endothelial cells are Complement Component 7 Proteins web adhesion molecules like intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), and E-selectin that mediate adherence of inflammatory cells which includes monocytes,neutrophils, lymphocytes, and macrophages for the vascular wall triggering extravasation into tissues (30407). (adenosine-kinase.com)
In addition to four new SOCS proteins (SOCS-4 to SOCS-7) containing an SH2 domain and a SOCS box, we describe three new families of proteins that contain either WD-40 repeats (WSB-1 and -2), SPRY domains (SSB-1 to -3) or ankyrin repeats (ASB-1 to -3) N-terminal of the SOCS box. (embl.de)
His laboratory has followed two primary interests: 1) the transcription factor networks that regulate fate determination in various cells that make blood, and 2) the cell surface proteins expressed by hematopoietic stem cells that and allow them to communicate with their microenvironment. (ubc.ca)

An important way of regulation is provided by proteolytic cleavage of several of these receptors, leading to either a gain or a loss of platelet function. (frontiersin.org)

Ca 2+ -release from the sarcoplasmic or endoplasmic reticulum, the intracellular Ca 2+ store, is mediated by the ryanodine receptor (RyR) and/or the inositol trisphosphate receptor (IP3R). (embl.de)

The best studied physiological function of PAR-1 is its involvement in the coagulation cascade. (enzolifesciences.com)
It has been determined that a large group of proteases cleave and activate PARs receptors, including various endogenous proteases from: a) the coagulation cascade, b) inflammatory cells, and c) the digestive tract. (wikipedia.org)

Thrombin activates the receptor on the surface of platelets inducing platelet aggregation, granular secretion, and procoagulant activity. (enzolifesciences.com)

The proteases involved are of different origins and types: (i) present as precursor in plasma, (ii) secreted into the plasma by activated platelets or other blood cells, or (iii) intracellularly activated and cleaving cytosolic receptor domains. (frontiersin.org)
Here, we review current knowledge how proteases act on platelet receptors and the platelet membrane surface. (frontiersin.org)

2023 Jan;26(1):116-130. (unil.ch)
2023 Jan;78(1):180-190. (unil.ch)
101(1): 10-19, 2023. (bvsalud.org)

Residual PAR-1 mediated platelet aggregation may be dependent on extent of clopidogrel response. (nih.gov)

The activities of adhesion and signaling receptors in platelets are controlled by several mechanisms. (frontiersin.org)
This provokes the release of thromboxane A 2 and the secretion of granular contents including ADP and, via these autocrine agents, the subsequent recruitment of additional flowing platelets, which assemble into a growing thrombus via α IIb β 3 -fibrinogen interactions (aggregating platelet population) ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)

These enzymes cleave the N-terminus of the receptor, which in turn acts as a tethered ligand. (wikipedia.org)

In the in vivo experiments, systemic delivery of siRNA against β-catenin, sticky siRNA targeting PAR-1 and plasmid DNA encoding for CTP4 controlled DTA were evaluated in a disseminated liver metastasis model of LS174T colorectal cancer. (uni-muenchen.de)

One more significant aspect refers to the function of PECAM-1, which types a mechanosensory complex with vascular endothelial cell cadherin and VEGFR2. (adenosine-kinase.com)

Gene, 401(1-2):114-22. (ens-lyon.fr)
The human WNT gene family consists of 19 members, encoding evolutionarily conserved glycoproteins with 22 or 24 Cys residues ( 1 ). (aacrjournals.org)

The process of thrombus formation is considered to be initiated by von Willebrand factor (VWF) binding to exposed collagen or laminin in the damaged vessel wall, followed by shear-dependent platelet binding to VWF through the glycoprotein (GP)Ib-V-IX complex ( 1 , 3 , 4 ). (frontiersin.org)

PAR-1 also plays a role in vascular ontogenesis. (enzolifesciences.com)
In endothelial cells PARs play a key role in promotion vascular barrier function as they provide a positive signals for endothelial adhesion molecules (vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1), and E-selectin). (wikipedia.org)
The first stage of this immune steeplechase, the leukocyte transendothelial migration, is a multi-step cascade of interactions that have been extensively studied in recent years in different vascular beds and experimental models, and some comprehensive reviews on this topic can be found in this special issue [ 1 - 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
He has delineated the function of these molecules in diverse set of biological processes including: 1) gut and kidney formation, 2) vascular permeability, 3) mucosal inflammatory disease, 4) stem cell homing and migration, and 5) epithelial tumor progression. (ubc.ca)

2019 Mar 1;593(5):504-517. (tmu.edu.tw)

We performed a cost-minimization analysis to compare the cost of biomarker analysis for estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 status with immunohistochemistry versus STRAT4. (bvsalud.org)
however, such operational efficiencies are unlikely, and more laboratories are pursuing human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 analysis as targeted therapies become increasingly available. (bvsalud.org)

Se- lective receptor inactivation is an early change fol- lowing exposure to certain neurotoxins, e.g., failure of the generator potential, followed by loss of the axon filopod processes in Pacinian corpuscles, are early physiological and morphological alterations following acrylamide intoxication (4, 5). (cdc.gov)

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs4

Antagonists4

Proteinase-activated receptor4

Antagonist5

Substantia nigra pars reticulata2

Trypsin9

Agonists5

Protease21

Thrombin receptor-activati1

Agonist3

Peptides6

Activation17

Superfamily4

Reticulata1

Neurons3

Inhibition3

Peptide2

GPCR2

Proliferation3

Antiplatelet2

Protein8

Thrombosis3

Pathways4

Blockade2

Confer2

Extracellular3

Epithelial cells2

Irreversibly activated2

Proteins3

Proteolytic1

Inositol trisphosphate1

Coagulation cascade2

Activates1

Proteases2

20233

Clopidogrel1

Platelets2

Ligand1

SiRNA1

Endothelial cell1

Gene2

Glycoprotein1

Vascular4

20191

Epidermal2

Physiological1