Receptor monocyte macrophage precursor cells. Medical search. Frequent questions

To understand the etiology of osteopetrosis, it is very essential to understand the bone-remodeling cycle and the cell biology of osteoclasts. (medscape.com)
In contrast, osteoclasts are derived from the monocyte/macrophage lineage. (medscape.com)
Osteoclasts can tightly attach to the bone matrix by integrin receptors to form a sealing zone, within which is a sequestered, acidified compartment. (medscape.com)
OPG binds RANKL as a decoy receptor, inhibiting the activation of RANK by RANKL and preventing the differentiation of bone marrow precursor (monocyte/macrophage) cells to osteoclasts - cells that are central in the process of bone resorption [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
in the canonical pathway of osteoclastogenesis, these cells fuse and differentiate to form specialised bone-resorbing osteoclasts in the presence of receptor activator for nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL). (ox.ac.uk)
Osteoclasts are bone-resorbing cells and targets for treating bone diseases. (vu.nl)
We found that interleukin 1β stimulated multinucleation and bone resorption of osteoclasts derived from the 3 precursors at different rates. (vu.nl)
Monocytes needed the longest time (95 h) for the generation of such large osteoclasts, but these cells had a longer life span (50 h). (vu.nl)
Osteoclasts are multinucleated giant cells that can resorb bone. (e-jbm.org)
EFV), a genus of lichenized fungi within the Parmeliaceae , on the differentiation of bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) into osteoclasts was examined by phenotype assay and the cell cytotoxicity was evaluated by cell counting kit-8. (e-jbm.org)
6 ] Osteoclasts are large multinucleated cells (MNCs) that remove the old/weakened bones by acid decalcification and proteolytic degradation. (e-jbm.org)
BMMs, that act as osteoclast precursors, were cultured with M-CSF (50 ng/ml) and RANKL (100 ng/ml) for 4 days to generate osteoclasts. (biomedcentral.com)
Osteoclasts are specialized as the only bone-resorbing cell type and increased numbers are implicated in the development of bone loss-accompanied diseases such as osteoporosis, periodontitis, rheumatoid arthritis, osteosarcoma, and bone cancer metastases [ 2 - 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Osteoclasts were formed by culturing mouse bone marrow macrophage (BMM) cells with macrophage colony-stimulating factor and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL). (e-jbm.org)
Osteoclasts are unique cells that resorb old bones. (e-jbm.org)
Osteoclasts originate from monocyte/macrophage lineage cells. (e-jbm.org)
CELLULAR MECHANISMS OF BONE LOSS Osteoclasts are considered the main if not the only cell type capable of bone resorption. (cancer8.info)
therefore these cells are considered circulating osteoclast precursors which respond to osteoclast-specific factors and differentiate Isochlorogenic acid B into true osteoclasts.16 These osteoclast-specific factors include macrophage colony-stimulating factor and RANKL as well as OPG the endogenous decoy receptor for RANKL. (cancer8.info)
In contrast, TNF often acts on cell types other than osteoclasts, or synergically with RANKL to indirectly promote osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption. (frontiersin.org)
Normal bone remodeling requires a delicate balance between the activities of major bone cell types: bone-resorbing osteoclasts and bone-forming osteoblasts, as well as osteocytes. (frontiersin.org)
Osteoclasts are bone cells derived from monocyte/macrophage lineage and are exclusively responsible for bone resorption, which contributes to skeletal development, bone homeostasis, and remodeling. (frontiersin.org)
Long-term cultures of human bone marrow form multinucleated cells (MNC) with many functional characteristics of osteoclasts including: expression of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, appropriate responses to osteotropic hormones, calcitonin-induced contraction and formation of resorption lacunae on calcified matrices. (elsevierpure.com)
However, it is unclear if these cells express similar surface antigens as expressed by authentic osteoclasts, since they form on plastic surfaces in the absence of bone. (elsevierpure.com)
Similar to bone-derived osteoclasts, MNC formed in long-term human bone marrow culture expressed osteoclast-specific antigens (detected by monoclonal antibodies 13c2 and 23c6) and did not express Fc receptors, T cell specific antigens, most myeloid antigens or mature macrophage antigens. (elsevierpure.com)
In contrast to authentic osteoclasts, MNC reacted with a monoclonal antibody (Mo1) which identifies an antigen present on myeloblasts, monocytes, granulocytes, and null cells from human peripheral blood and bone marrow. (elsevierpure.com)
Osteoclasts and odontoclasts are multinucleated cells derived from hematogenous bone marrow, from the monocyte/macrophage cell lineage, and are formed by the fusion of these cells under the action of colony stimulating factor 1 (CSF-1), macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) and RANKL (receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand), which also have a role in chemotaxis and cell differentiation [1]. (oatext.com)
showed that the osteoclastic potential of mandibular bone marrow stromal cells and the number of osteoclasts are higher compared to long-bone marrow stromal cells [2]. (oatext.com)

CSF-1 signaling through CSF-1R regulates the proliferation and differentiation of cells in the monocytic lineage. (thermofisher.com)
SWC3 and Compact disc14 are particular receptors from the myeloid lineage. (researchensemble.com)
CD163 is a member of the scavenger receptor cysteine-rich domain name family whose expression is restricted to the monocyte/macrophage lineage and is usually employed as a marker for monocytic differentiation and maturation25, 26. (researchensemble.com)
Follicular dendritic cells are a distinct lineage (a different cell type than conventional dendritic cells), do not express class II MHC molecules, and therefore do not present antigen to Th cells. (msdmanuals.com)
7 ] They are differentiated from the monocyte-macrophage of a hematopoietic lineage. (e-jbm.org)
The origin of the adult tissue-resident macrophage, however, was unknown until the generation of fate-mapping and lineage-tracing mice. (musculoskeletalkey.com)
Microglia are similar, but not identical to other tissue macrophages, and in this review, we will first summarize the differences in the origin, lineage and population maintenance of microglia and macrophages. (frontiersin.org)
But how different are microglia really from other tissue resident macrophages in terms of origin, lineage, and identity? (frontiersin.org)
In the next sections, we will review evidence about the origin, lineage, identity, and population dynamics of microglia compared to other tissue-resident macrophages and highlight commonalities and differences. (frontiersin.org)
In addition, MNC also expressed monocyte-related antigens (My11, Mo1), suggesting that they are derived from or related to the monocytic lineage. (elsevierpure.com)

M-CSF is constitutively present at biologically active concentrations in human serum, and binds CD14 + monocytes, and promotes the survival and proliferation of peripheral blood monocytes. (biolegend.com)
Background: In sarcoidosis, blood monocytes, circulating precursors of granuloma macrophages, display enhanced inflammatory cytokine production, reduced expression of the regulatory (inhibitory) receptor CD200R, and altered subsets defined by CD14 and CD16. (monocyte.eu)
A long-standing hypothesis is that FIP viruses arise from internal mutation of endemic FECVs ( 12 ), which is believed to occur in approximately 1%-5% of enteric infections, resulting in the ability of the virus to infect blood monocytes and tissue macrophages. (cdc.gov)

CSF1R (FMS) is involved in the production, differentiation, and function of macrophages, and is implicated in promyelocytic leukemias. (thermofisher.com)
Mutations in the gene encoding CSF1R have been associated with a predisposition to myeloid malignancy.Tyrosine-protein kinase that acts as cell-surface receptor for CSF1 and IL34 and plays an essential role in the regulation of survival, proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic precursor cells, especially mononuclear phagocytes, such as macrophages and monocytes. (thermofisher.com)
We have previously shown that the sialic acid-containing (Sia + ) fraction of intravenous immune globulin (IVIG) influences cell surface marker expression and cytokine/ chemokine secretion during the differentiation and maturation of human dendritic cells (DC). (scirp.org)
The receptor is progressively upregulated as bone marrow precursor cells mature into macrophages and thus may serve as a marker of differentiation. (wustl.edu)
These results indicate that prostaglandins accelerate MMR expression and hence the differentiation of macrophage precursor cells. (wustl.edu)
Compact disc203 can be present on thymocytes and in monocytes its expression is increased during their differentiation into macrophages23, 24. (researchensemble.com)
In this study, we examined the potential of SF extract (SFE) to inhibit receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) -induced osteoclast differentiation in cultured mouse-derived bone marrow macrophages (BMMs). (biomedcentral.com)
4 ] Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) ligand (RANKL) are key factors in osteoclastic differentiation. (e-jbm.org)
5 ] Osteoblasts, bone-forming cells, also regulate osteoclast differentiation via RANKL and osteoprotegerin (OPG) expression, a decoy receptor for RANKL. (e-jbm.org)
Transforming growth factors have a wide range of biological activities related to cell proliferation and differentiation. (rhumbarlv.com)
of osteocyte mechanotransduction.6 PGE2 acts synergistically with receptor activator of nuclear element κB ligand (RANKL) to stimulate osteoclast differentiation and to initiate bone remodeling.7 Bone pressure also prospects to osteocyte apoptosis which in turn induces RANKL expression from neighboring osteoblasts. (cancer8.info)
Estrogen stimulates osteoprotegerin (OPG) which Isochlorogenic acid B in turn inhibits osteoclast differentiation by acting like a decoy receptor of RANKL therefore leading to decreased osteoclast differentiation osteoclast survival and preservation of bone.8 Inversely menopause or ovariectomy will decrease OPG and promote osteoclast differentiation survival and consequently bone resorption. (cancer8.info)
The differentiation of the osteoclast precursor into a mature osteoclast requires RANKL binding to its receptor RANK (receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B). However, OPG binding to RANKL will block RANKL binding to RANK, which will result in inhibition of osteoclastogenesis (Figure 1) [3]. (oatext.com)
Osteoclast differentiation and function is controlled primarily by Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor (M-CSF) and Receptor for Activation of Nuclear Factor Kappa B Ligand (RANKL). (asone-int.com)

The researchers then identified a signaling molecule that appears to help macrophage precursors known as monocytes differentiate into mature macrophages, which then initiate fibrosis. (drugdiscoverynews.com)
proposed the "mononuclear phagocyte system" theory, by which tissue-resident macrophages were assumed to derive from blood-circulating monocytes and to differentiate within the host tissue ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)

Our results indicate that the different bone marrow osteoclast precursors are differently stimulated by interleukin 1β with respect to proliferation, multinucleation, life span, and bone resorption. (vu.nl)
Prostaglandins of the E series (PGE) are known inhibitors of monocyte and macrophage precursor proliferation, an effect often associated with cellular maturation. (wustl.edu)
CCL5 induces the proliferation and activation of certain natural killer (NK) cells. (biolegend.com)
Recombinant rat M-CSF induces the proliferation of M-NFS-60 cells in a dose dependent manner. (biolegend.com)
ED 50 = 2.5 - 12.5 ng/mL, corresponding to a specific activity of 0.8 - 4.0 x 10 5 units/mg, as determined by induction of N-MSF-60 mouse myelogenous leukemia lymphoblast cell proliferation. (biolegend.com)
ARPIL has the ability to stimulate proliferation of various tumor cell lines including Jurkat T cells and MCF-7 carcinoma cells. (reliatech.de)
Like BAFF, APRIL also stimulates the proliferation of B and T cells. (reliatech.de)
TGF-α is a member of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) family, and is important in the control of glial and Schwann cell proliferation and survival of differentiated neurons. (rhumbarlv.com)
In general TGF-alpha promotes cell proliferation while TGF-beta may stimulate or inhibit proliferation depending on the cell type and growth factor environment. (rhumbarlv.com)
TGF-α has also been shown to stimulate neural cell proliferation in the adult injured brain. (rhumbarlv.com)
Processes involved in atherosclerosis include coagulation, inflammation, lipid metabolism, intimal injury, and smooth muscle cell proliferation (see the image below). (medscape.com)
Each category of histiocytosis can be traced to reactive or neoplastic proliferation in one of these cell lineages. (medscape.com)

The basis for the term "interleukin" was to streamline the growing number of biological properties attributed to soluble factors from macrophages and lymphocytes. (wikipedia.org)
Recent studies, however, suggest that MDPs may also develop into other types of hematopoietic cells, such as lymphocytes. (musculoskeletalkey.com)
In the periphery, monocytes, neutrophils and macrophages had very high tdTomato+ (88-98%) expression while lymphocytes ranged from 60% to 70% tdTomato+. (elsevierpure.com)
CD11a/CD18 (LFA-1) expressed on lymphocytes is known to play an important role in lymphocyte trafficking (adhesion to vascular endothelium), as well as interactions to antigen presenting cells (APC). (medscape.com)
The importance of dendritic cells in presenting antigens to T and B lymphocytes is increasingly recognized. (medscape.com)
[ 13 ] Dendritic cells are also efficient stimulators of B-cell lymphocytes. (medscape.com)
Effective induction of antigen-specific T-cell responses requires interaction between the dendritic cells and T lymphocytes to prime the latter cells for expansion and subsequent immune responses. (medscape.com)
The first signal may involve interaction between an MHC I-bound and/or MHC II-bound peptide on an APC with the T-cell receptor (TCRs) on the effector lymphocytes. (medscape.com)

They also discovered that if they blocked the cell surface receptors for this molecule, known as CSF1, they could prevent implant-induced fibrosis from occurring. (drugdiscoverynews.com)
Interleukin 1 (IL-1) is a name that designates two proteins, IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta, which are the products of distinct genes, but which show approximately 25% amino acid sequence identity and which recognize the same cell surface receptors. (rndsystems.com)

IL-1 family is a group of 11 cytokines, which induces a complex network of proinflammatory cytokines and via expression of integrins on leukocytes and endothelial cells, regulates and initiates inflammatory responses. (wikipedia.org)
Previously, we reported that distinct murine osteoclast precursor subsets, such as early blasts (CD31hi Ly-6C−), myeloid blasts (CD31+ Ly-6C+), and monocytes (CD31− Ly-6Chi), respond differently to the osteoclastogenesis-inducing cytokines, macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and receptor activator for nuclear factor κB ligand. (vu.nl)
In macrophage-colony stimulating factor (MCSF) generated macrophages, Sia + IgG induced increased production of numerous cytokines/ chemokines including IL-6, TNFα, CXCL1, and IL-10, and the expression of the macrophage surface marker CD163. (scirp.org)
D. Bruder, E. , O. Richards, J. , M. Michel, K. and Oaks, M. (2016) Differential Effects of Alternative Glycoforms of IgG on Human Monocytes and Macrophages: Sialylated IgG Induces Novel Expression Signatures of Cell Surface Markers, Cytokines, and Chemokines. (scirp.org)
At infection sites, activated T cells secrete cytokines (eg, interferon-gamma [IFN-gamma]) that induce production of macrophage migration inhibitory factor, preventing macrophages from leaving. (msdmanuals.com)
M1, "classically activated," pro-inflammatory macrophages are stimulated by cytokines such as IFN-gamma and by various microbial components (eg, lipopolysaccharide). (msdmanuals.com)
M2 "alternatively activated" anti-inflammatory macrophages are stimulated predominantly by cytokines such as IL-4 and IL-13. (msdmanuals.com)
Osteoclast formation is controlled by 2 cytokines, macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL), which are secreted by osteoblasts/activated T cells. (e-jbm.org)
It also induces the synthesis of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1-β, TNF-α, and INF-γ in monocytes. (biolegend.com)
Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) are two cytokines secreted mainly by osteoclast. (biomedcentral.com)
Synovial macrophages produce a variety of pro-inflammatory cytokines that contribute to synovitis and can be targeted with therapeutic agents. (musculoskeletalkey.com)
Macrophages play a significant role in many processes, such as the human immune function, parasite infection, and tissue remodeling by secreting cytokines and producing reactive oxygen and nitrogen intermediates. (frontiersin.org)
During the process of airway inflammation, complex interactions of innate and adaptive immune cells as well as structural cells and their cytokines have many important roles. (cdc.gov)
T helper (Th) 2 cells, which recruit and accumulate in the lungs and produce a range of different effector cytokines. (cdc.gov)
However, more recent studies have revealed the potential collaboration of other helper T cells and their cytokines in this process. (cdc.gov)
The aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge about the possible roles of newly identified helper T cells derived cytokines (IL-9, 17, 22, 25 and IL-33) in asthma. (cdc.gov)

There is a third ligand of this receptor - the Interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), which does not activate downstream signaling, so it acts as an inhibitor of IL-1α and IL-1β signaling by competing with them for binding sites of the receptor. (wikipedia.org)
Ligand binding activates the receptor kinase through a process of oligomerization and transphosphorylation. (thermofisher.com)
Circulating osteoprotegerin (OPG), a member of the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B (RANK) axis, may influence breast cancer risk via its role as the decoy receptor for both the RANK ligand (RANKL) and tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). (biomedcentral.com)
Bone homeostasis is maintained by the interplay between the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B (RANK), its soluble activation ligand (RANKL), and OPG. (biomedcentral.com)
Cells were cultured on plastic or on bone slices in the presence of macrophage colony-stimulating factor and receptor activator for nuclear factor κB ligand, without or with interleukin 1β (0.1-10 ng/ml). (vu.nl)
Receptor expression was determined by ligand binding and via immunoprecipitation of newly synthesized receptor molecules. (wustl.edu)
They are differentiated and activation from monocytes/macrophages in the presence of macrophage colony-stimulating factor and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL). (e-jbm.org)
A peptide mimetic of a ligand for the galactose/N-acetylgalactosamine-specific C-type lectin receptors (GCLR) exhibited monocyte-stimulating activity, but did not extend survival when applied alone against a syngeneic murine malignant glioma. (dovepress.com)
M-CSF binds to its receptor M-CSFR, and this receptor is shared with another ligand, IL-34. (biolegend.com)
Homeostatic osteoclastogenesis is effectively induced by RANKL (Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand). (frontiersin.org)
Muramyl dipeptide (MDP) is a component derived from minimal peptidoglycan motif from bacteria, and it is a ligand for the NOD2 receptor. (biomedcentral.com)
This disease is a defect in fucose metabolism (lack of fucosylation of the carbohydrate selectin ligands) that results in failure to express the ligand for E and P selectin, sialyl Lewis-X (CD15s) expressed on leukocytes and endothelial cells. (medscape.com)

Macrophages are phagocytes found in tissues and maintain tissue homeostasis, regulate inflammation, and play a significant role in host protection. (frontiersin.org)
Ly6C low monocytes are resident phagocytes that patrol the lumen of blood vessels and enhance tissue repair [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

In pigs, monocytes and alveolar macrophages will be the primary goals for ASFV infections1, 17, very important to viral pathogenesis as these cells play a central function in the immune system response through phagocytosis, antigen display and cytokine secretion18, 19. (researchensemble.com)
Although some antigens (Ags) can stimulate the immune response directly, T cell-dependent acquired immune responses typically require antigen-presenting cells (APCs) to present antigen-derived peptides within major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. (msdmanuals.com)
Dendritic cells in the skin act as sentinel APCs, taking up antigen, then traveling to local lymph nodes where they can activate T cells. (msdmanuals.com)
Further studies in the 1980s and early 1990s refined the classification of synovial macrophages with the use of immunohistochemistry and known antibodies to antigen-presenting cells. (musculoskeletalkey.com)
Committed stem cells can mature to become antigen-processing cells, with some possessing phagocytic capabilities. (medscape.com)
[ 11 ] Immature dendritic cells respond to GM-CSF (not to macrophage colony-stimulating factor [M-CSF]) and become committed to generating dendritic cells, which are "professional" antigen-presenting cells (APCs). (medscape.com)
[ 12 ] These cells can capture antigen and migrate to lymphoid organs, where they present the antigens to naive T cells. (medscape.com)

EFV reduced RANKL-mediated osteoclast formation and activation by inhibiting expression of nuclear factor of activated T cells 1, a key factor of osteoclastogenesis. (e-jbm.org)
SFE inhibited the RANKL-induced expression of nuclear factor of activated T cells c1 (NFATc1). (biomedcentral.com)
RANKL binds specifically to receptor activator of nuclear factor (NF)-κB (RANK) that mediates osteoclastogenesis by subsequent signal transduction to intracellular molecules through the TRAF6 adaptor protein. (biomedcentral.com)
Mechanistically, the root part of IKN suppressed RANKL-induced p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation, effectively abrogating the induction of c-Fos and nuclear factor of activated T cells 1 (NFATc1) expression. (e-jbm.org)
5 , 6 ] Stimulation of osteoclast precursors with RANKL recruits cytoplasmic tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factors (TRAFs) and activates downstream signaling pathways. (e-jbm.org)
Macrophage colony-stimulating element appears to be a permissive element necessary in the early cell fate dedication whereas RANKL is the final executor of many physiological regulators of bone resorption (e.g. parathyroid hormone calcitonin and calcitriol) and is an obligatory. (cancer8.info)
Osteoclast Culture Kit includes cryopreserved osteoclast precursor (OCP) cells from bone marrow and culture medium containing M-CSF and RANKL for researchers studying osteoporosis, bone reabsorption, or other bone metabolism disorders. (asone-int.com)

Compact disc14 is portrayed on monocytes, tissues macrophages and, at lower amounts, on granulocytes22. (researchensemble.com)
Dendritic cells are present in the skin (as Langerhans cells), lymph nodes, and tissues throughout the body. (msdmanuals.com)
Monocytes migrate into tissues, where over approximately 8 hours, they develop into macrophages. (msdmanuals.com)
Macrophages are phagocytic cells present in tissues throughout the body. (msdmanuals.com)
Blood and brain tissues were analyzed with regard to tumor and contralateral hemisphere using fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis, histology, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. (dovepress.com)
Gram-negative bacteria not only have different factors of virulence and generate products and sub-products that are toxic to apical and periapical tissues, but also contain endotoxin in the outer membrane of their cell wall. (bvsalud.org)
Macrophages reside in all tissues of the body and each population of macrophages within a tissue can take on specialized functions that are tuned to the developmental and functional requirements of that tissue. (haematologica.org)
The current paradigm is that the vast majority of macrophages are "tissue-resident," developing during embryogenesis and self-renewing in most tissues in the absence of inflammatory stimuli or severe depletion. (musculoskeletalkey.com)
We here try to address these questions by collecting answers from microglia's cousins, the macrophages that reside in other tissues. (frontiersin.org)
Proinflammatory monocytes are involved in inflammatory responses, extravasate in inflamed tissues in a CCR2-dependent manner, and thus contribute to local inflammation. (biomedcentral.com)
The histiocytoses encompass a group of diverse disorders characterized by the accumulation and infiltration of variable numbers of monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells in the affected tissues. (medscape.com)
Dendritic cells display a large amount of MHC-peptide complexes at their surface and can increase the expression of costimulatory receptors and migrate to the lymph nodes, spleen, and other lymphoid tissues, where they activate specific T cells. (medscape.com)

Sia + IgG induced increased expression of CD80 and dendritic cell immunoreceptor (DCIR) on monocytes, whereas the expression of HLA-DR was decreased. (scirp.org)
Initial studies suggested that, in adults, a common monocyte/dendritic cell (MDP) progenitor in the bone marrow leads to the development of monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. (musculoskeletalkey.com)
Costimulatory interaction (i.e., second signal) is between CD80(B7.1)/CD86(B7.2) on the dendritic cell, and CD28 on the T cells. (medscape.com)

More recent data show that OPG is also produced in breast tumor cells, and that it can promote tumor growth and metastasis [ 5 , 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
This study observed reduced breast cancer risk among women with comparatively high OPG concentrations, but given a small number of incident cases ( n = 76), risk by tumor subtypes (e.g., by estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PR) receptor status) was not investigated. (biomedcentral.com)
The biological effect of GCLRP in combination with radiation may be more successful because of the damage incurred by tumor cells by radiation and the enhanced or preserved presentation of tumor cell antigens by GCLRP-activated immune cells. (dovepress.com)
In addition, M-CSF enhances monocyte functions such asphagocytic activity, microbial killing, and tumor cell cytotoxicity. (biolegend.com)
Special advances are achieved in HER-positive tumors using targeted therapy with drugs which suppress the tumor cell growth factors (trastuzumab, herceptin). (cttjournal.com)
5 Functionally, proinflammatory polarization leads to potent effector cells that kill intracellular micro-organisms and tumor cells. (haematologica.org)
On the other hand, phagosomes are formed when the pathogen is engulfed by macrophages and fuse with lysosomes to release enzymes and toxic substances, resulting in killing or having cytotoxic effects on bacteria and tumor cells. (frontiersin.org)
Interleukin (IL)-9-producing subset called Th9 cell, Th22 cells which primarily secrete IL-22, IL-13 and tumor necrosis factor- and Th25 cells via producing IL-25 are believed to be important for initiating allergic reactions and developing airway inflammation. (cdc.gov)

We also found that CCR2 + Ly6C hi inflammatory monocytes in peripheral blood supplied precursors of cardiac CD11c + macrophages. (elsevierpure.com)
Conclusions - These results suggest that Ly6C hi monocytes are recruited to FK565-activated endothelial cells to generate cardiac CD11c + macrophages, which play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of acute coronary arteritis. (elsevierpure.com)
This was accompanied by higher numbers of Ly6C hi monocytes in peripheral blood, as well as higher expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and adhesion molecules in the hearts of MI-operated Hmox1 −/− mice. (springer.com)
Splenectomy decreased the numbers of circulating inflammatory Ly6C hi monocytes in blood, reduced the numbers of proinflammatory cardiac macrophages and significantly improved the post-MI LV function in Hmox1 −/− mice. (springer.com)
Peripheral administration of MDP converts Ly6C high into Ly6C low monocytes. (biomedcentral.com)
Previously, we have shown that Ly6C low monocytes play crucial roles in the pathology of a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (AD). (biomedcentral.com)

This development occurs under the influence of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), which is secreted by various cell types (eg, endothelial cells, fibroblasts). (msdmanuals.com)
primarily produced by monocytes, fibroblasts and endothelial cells, and by T cells, B cells, keratinocytes and mesangial cells. (imreference.com)
Among nonhematopoietic cells, cardiac endothelial cells produced a large amount of chemokines in response to FK565. (elsevierpure.com)
These 2 members mediate leukocyte adhesions to endothelial cells but they also serve as receptors for iC3b (inactivated C3b). (medscape.com)

New insights into the complex cellular contributions and interactions will be provided, comparing the role of cell subsets in the pathogenesis of IPF and systemic sclerosis. (ersjournals.com)
Distinct immune regulatory receptor profiles linked to altered monocyte subsets in sarcoidosis. (monocyte.eu)
We investigated the relationship between monocyte subsets and regulatory receptor expression in sarcoidosis. (monocyte.eu)
In sarcoidosis, all three monocyte subsets had significantly reduced CD200R and CD47 expression compared with healthy controls. (monocyte.eu)
Thus, development of strategies targeting particular subsets of inflammatory cells and providing well-timed resolution of inflammation may be crucial for proper healing and recovery. (springer.com)
However, medications with mild immunomodulatory effects that solely target specific monocyte subsets, without triggering microglial activation, are rare. (biomedcentral.com)
Flow cytometry analysis of monocyte subsets in blood, and behavioral and postmortem analyses were performed. (biomedcentral.com)

Studies using radiation chimeras and parabiotic mice demonstrated that monocytes only populate tissue-resident macrophages in a few organs during steady-state conditions in adult mice. (musculoskeletalkey.com)
They are often studied independently from other tissue-resident macrophages, probably because they are unique in some aspects, most notably in their isolation from the rest of the body through the blood brain barrier (BBB). (frontiersin.org)

Although the aetiology of these disorders remains unknown, in this review we analyse the pathogenic mechanisms by cell of interest (fibroblast, fibrocyte, myofibroblast, endothelial and alveolar epithelial cells and immune competent cells). (ersjournals.com)
Porcine alveolar macrophages (PAM) are recognized to exhibit Compact disc14, SLAII, Compact disc163, Compact disc169, Compact disc203, SWC3 (Compact disc172a) and Compact disc16 receptors20. (researchensemble.com)
Moreover, parabiotic mice that share the same circulation showed that only a subset of macrophages such as heart, gut, and dermis exhibited a mixed population, whereas Langerhans cells, microglia, and alveolar macrophages were exclusively derived from the parent mouse. (musculoskeletalkey.com)
Interaction of nonactivated alveolar macrophages with Thermoactinomyces vulgaris in vitro. (mcmaster.ca)

Objective To examine the relative need for tumour necrosis factor‐receptor 1 (TNF‐R1) and TNF‐R2 and their signalling pathways for pro‐inflammatory and pro‐harmful top TFR2 features of early‐passage synovial fibroblasts (SFB) from arthritis rheumatoid (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA). (scienceexhibitions.org)
It is now known that type A cells were synovial macrophages, type B were synovial fibroblasts, and type C were an undetermined population. (musculoskeletalkey.com)
Significantly, HMGB1 is usually a chemotactic agent in vitro and in vivo for endothelial precursor cells (EPCs) (13), and latest results demonstrate that HMGB1 administration considerably increases degrees of development elements including vascular endothelial development factor (VEGF), fundamental fibroblast 476310-60-8 development element, and insulin-like development element-1 released by cultured human being cardiac fibroblasts (14). (exposed-skin-care.net)

All of the members of IL-1 family, except IL-1Ra, are first synthesized as a precursor protein, which means it is synthesized as a long form of a protein which has to be proteolytically cleaved to a shorter, active molecule, which is generally called a mature protein. (wikipedia.org)
IL-1α and IL-1β bind to the same receptor molecule, which is called type I IL-1 receptor (IL-1RI). (wikipedia.org)
Description: The AFS98 monoclonal antibody reacts with the mouse CD115 molecule, a receptor for macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) or colony stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1). (thermofisher.com)
This molecule acts as a receptor of the hemoglobin/haptoglobin complex, NU-7441 distributor activating a signalling pathway that provokes the production of pro- and anti- inflammatory cytokines25, 27. (researchensemble.com)
OPG (osteoprotegerin) is a soluble TNF receptor-like molecule and the natural inhibitor of osteoclastogenesis [3]. (oatext.com)
In addition, we found monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1) levels significantly increased, whereas intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1) significantly decreased, and microglial marker (Iba1) did not change in the treatment group compared to the control. (biomedcentral.com)

The large number of macrophages in the intestinal tract, play a significant role in maintaining the homeostasis of microorganisms on the surface of the intestinal mucosa and in the continuous renewal of intestinal epithelial cells. (frontiersin.org)

to anti-inflammatory actions RvE1 also directly functions on bone cells and promotes bone preservation. (cancer8.info)
Macrophages, which are functional plasticity cells, have the ability to phagocytize and digest foreign substances and acquire pro-(M1-like) or anti-inflammatory (M2-like) phenotypes according to their microenvironment. (frontiersin.org)
On the other hand, patrolling monocytes (also referred to as anti-inflammatory) establish the resident regulatory patrolling monocyte population [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

7 In contrast, alternatively activated macrophages are characterized by increased expression of IL-10 and of scavenger receptors. (haematologica.org)
Besides scavenging debris, promoting angiogenesis, tissue remodeling and repair, alternatively activated macrophages are able to fine tune inflammatory responses. (haematologica.org)

Recent studies have demonstrated that ATP-binding cassette protein A1 (ABCA1) is highly regulated in macrophages and mediates the efflux of cholesterol and phospholipids to apolipoproteins, a process necessary for HDL formation. (jci.org)
The 1st identified mobile receptor because of this nuclear proteins was the receptor for advanced glycation end items (Trend), which mediates the relationships between advanced glycation end item (Age group)Cmodified proteins as well as the endothelium and additional cell types (7). (exposed-skin-care.net)

Early blasts, myeloid blasts, and monocytes were sorted from mouse bone marrow cells using flow cytometry. (vu.nl)
So this meeting will examine emerging data relating to macrophage interactions with the immune system during HIV infection, macrophage reservoirs and approaches to their elimination, and the involvement of CNS myeloid reservoirs and associated comorbidities. (nih.gov)
So on day one, Session 1 will focus on macrophages and the immune system during HIV and SARS-CoV-2 infection, Session 2 will focus on challenges to study HIV/SIV reservoirs, and Session 3 will really have the highlights from recent awardees of the NIMH/NINDS/NIDA Myeloid Reservoir RFA. (nih.gov)
The first dataset was a gene-expression profile that characterizes the cancer cells of a group of acute myeloid leukemia patients. (biomedcentral.com)

Overview of the Immune System The immune system distinguishes self from nonself and eliminates potentially harmful nonself molecules and cells from the body. (msdmanuals.com)
Thus, the aim of this work is to carry out a review of the literature on the role of bacterial endotoxin in the etiology of periapical lesions, its mechanism of action, and to elucidate molecular mechanisms involved in endotoxin's recognition by the immune system and cell activation. (bvsalud.org)
Therefore, the objective of this study is to carry out a review of the literature on the role of bacterial endotoxin in the etiology of periapical lesions, as well as to elucidate molecular mechanisms involved in its recognition by the immune system and in cell activation. (bvsalud.org)
Macrophages are cells of the innate immune system which play numerous and vastly different functions within the body. (haematologica.org)
The lamina propria of the small intestine is the main site of the intestinal immune system, which contains a large number of macrophages, CD4 T cells, and dendritic cells. (frontiersin.org)
HMGB1 is usually released passively during mobile necrosis by virtually all cells which have a nucleus (5), but can be positively secreted by immune system cells such as for example monocytes and macrophages (6). (exposed-skin-care.net)

IL-1Ra regulates IL-1α and IL-1β proinflammatory activity by competing with them for binding sites of the receptor. (wikipedia.org)
To understand if polarization of macrophages can lead to a procoagulant macrophage subset we polarized human monocyte derived macrophages to a proinflammatory and an alternative activation state. (haematologica.org)
The inability of proinflammatory activated macrophages to respond to lipopolysaccharide and interferon-γ with an increase in TF production seems to be due to an increase in TF promoter methylation and was reversible when treating these macrophages with a demethylation agent. (haematologica.org)
In conclusion, we provide evidence that proinflammatory polarization of macrophages does not lead to enhanced procoagulatory function, whereas alternative polarization of macrophages leads to an increased expression of TF and increased production of TF bearing extracellular vesicles by these cells suggesting a procoagulatory phenotype of alternatively polarized macrophages. (haematologica.org)
This macrophage polarization can be simulated in vitro using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon (IFN)-γ stimulation for a proinflammatory subset termed classical activation and stimulation with interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 for an alternative polarization phenotype. (haematologica.org)
6 In addition, these cells are present during early wound healing and proinflammatory macrophages are characterized by a pronounced ability to degrade tissue. (haematologica.org)

abstract = "The macrophage mannose receptor (MMR)1 facilitates the binding and internalization of microorganisms and glycoproteins with terminal mannose residues. (wustl.edu)

The meeting will also highlight recent work on macrophage inflammation in the context of SARS-CoV-2 infection and work from recently-funded NIMH, NIDA, and NINDS investigators. (nih.gov)
A panel will discuss research gaps and priorities related to human macrophage reservoirs and inflammation/comorbidities and treatment strategies for HIV remission and cure. (nih.gov)
2 Upon inflammation, the pool of resident macrophages gets quickly replaced by macrophages derived from circulating monocytes. (haematologica.org)
Tumour Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF alpha), is an inflammatory cytokine produced by macrophages/monocytes during acute inflammation and is responsible for a diverse range of signalling events within cells, leading to necrosis or apoptosis. (rhumbarlv.com)
In addition, the effects of macrophages in the occurrence and development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and their role in inducing fibrosis, activating T cells, reducing colitis, and treating intestinal inflammation were also reviewed in this paper. (frontiersin.org)
[6] [7] CXCL1 plays a role in spinal cord development by inhibiting the migration of oligodendrocyte precursors and is involved in the processes of angiogenesis , arteriogenesis , inflammation , wound healing , and tumorigenesis . (wikidoc.org)

Alternative polarization with interleukin-4 and IL-13 led to a macrophage phenotype characterized by increased tissue factor (TF) production and release and by an increase in extracellular vesicle production. (haematologica.org)
4 Upon polarization, macrophages react to the respective stimulus with the expression of a distinct phenotype. (haematologica.org)
This phenotype is different from that expressed by macrophage polykaryons. (elsevierpure.com)
A dichotomous distribution of CD200R was seen on classical and intermediate monocytes in the sarcoidosis population, with 14 out of 25 (56%) sarcoidosis patients having a CD200Rlow phenotype and 11 out of 25 (44%) having a CD200Rhigh phenotype. (monocyte.eu)

But this is not a common feature for all IL-1 family members, since IL-1β and IL-18 precursor forms do not bind their receptors and require proteolytic cleavage by either intracellular caspase-1 or extracellular neutrophilic proteases. (wikipedia.org)
Intracellular antigens (eg, viruses) can be processed and presented to CD8 cytotoxic T cells by any nucleated cell because all nucleated cells express class I MHC molecules. (msdmanuals.com)
Objective - Nod1 is an intracellular pattern recognition receptor for bacterial peptidoglycan fragments. (elsevierpure.com)

Osteoblasts arise from multipotent mesenchymal stem cells. (medscape.com)

Retinoid x receptor alpha (RXRα) belongs to nuclear receptors that regulate gene transcription by binding to DNA elements, however, whether RXRα binds to miRNAs to exert physiological functions is not known. (bvsalud.org)
RESULTS: In this work, we found that RXRα directly binds to the precursor of miR-103 (pre-miR-103a-2) via its DNA-binding domain with a preferred binding sequence of AGGUCA. (bvsalud.org)
A 170-kDa glycosylated protein known as the EGF receptor binds to TGF-α allowing the polypeptide to function in various signaling pathways. (rhumbarlv.com)

This study aims to investigate the effect of interleukin 1β on osteoclastogenesis derived from different mouse bone marrow precursors. (vu.nl)
7 - 9 ] Activation of these signaling pathways induces the expression of transcription factors such as c-Fos and nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFATc1), a master transcription factor for osteoclastogenesis. (e-jbm.org)
Recent studies have uncovered key intrinsic mechanisms by which TNF acts on osteoclast precursors to restrain osteoclastogenesis, including the mechanisms mediated by RBP-J signaling, RBP-J and ITAM (Immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif) crosstalk, RBP-J mediated regulatory network, NF- κ B p100, IRF8, and Def6. (frontiersin.org)

We generated mice expressing ABCA1 in macrophages and mice with selected inactivation of ABCA1 in macrophages by bone marrow transplantation in ABCA1-deficient ( ABC1 -/- ) and wild-type (WT) mice. (jci.org)
At all times, the level of HDL in ABC1 -/- recipient mice remained low relative to WT recipient mice irrespective of the genotype of the donor macrophage ABCA1 or high-fat feeding. (jci.org)
Expression of WT macrophage ABCA1 in ABC1 -/- mice resulted in a small but significant increase in apoA-I levels starting 2 weeks after transplantation. (jci.org)
C57BL/6 mice underwent stereotactic intracranial implantation of GL261 glioma cells. (dovepress.com)
Approach and Results - We found that CD11c + MHC class II + cells accumulated in the heart of FK565-treated mice before arteritis development. (elsevierpure.com)
CCR2-deficient mice or pertussis toxin-treated mice exhibited decreased numbers of cardiac CD11c + macrophages and reduced arteritis. (elsevierpure.com)
Additionally, the origin of synovial macrophages was linked to monocytes derived from the bone marrow, based on studies using radiation chimeras of beige mice. (musculoskeletalkey.com)
These studies were the first to provide support for an alternative hypothesis to the MPS regarding monocyte replacement and macrophage turnover in adult mice. (musculoskeletalkey.com)
These mice express tamoxifen-induced Cre recombinase (Mer-cre-Mer) that enzymatically removes a stop codon flanked by lox sequences (floxed) on a reporter gene such as green fluorescent protein or yellow fluorescent protein, thus resulting in traceable fluorescence on the cells of interest. (musculoskeletalkey.com)
Initial characterization of the immune cells from the VDR +/-/VDR tdTomato+ mice, compared to VDR+/+ wildtype (WT) littermates, showed no effect of being hemizygous for the VDR on immune cell frequencies. (elsevierpure.com)
Several unexpected findings in genetically altered mice have prompted research into the direction of intermediate metabolism of skeletal cells. (mdpi.com)
Certainly, vessel-associated stem cells (mesoangioblasts), injected in to the general blood circulation of dystrophic mice, migrate to sites of injury in response towards the HMGB1 transmission, with 476310-60-8 a nuclear factor-BCdependent system (10). (exposed-skin-care.net)

A clear understanding of the function of macrophages, as well as their role in pathogens and inflammatory response, will delineate the next steps in the treatment of intestinal inflammatory diseases. (frontiersin.org)

TGF-α can be produced in macrophages, brain cells, and keratinocytes. (rhumbarlv.com)

All isoforms can be cleaved by the protease, furin, to release a soluble C-terminal fragment, which comprises the TNF like receptor binding of the APRIL precursor. (reliatech.de)
Variants of leukocyte adhesion deficiency have also been reported, including fully expressed but nonfunctional CD18 and an E selectin that is expressed but rapidly cleaved from the cell surface (only present in soluble form). (medscape.com)

In response to inflammatory stimulation, circulating monocytes gives rise of macrophage, dendritic cells and osteoclast. (imreference.com)
In contrast to monocytes, human macrophages did not show increased tissue factor expression upon stimulation with lipopolysaccharide and interferon-γ. (haematologica.org)
Stimulation of VDR tdTomato+ splenocytes showed that the tdTomato- CD4+ and CD8+ T cells proliferated more than their tdTomato+ counterparts. (elsevierpure.com)
The second data set consisted of differentially expressed genes following androgen receptor stimulation in a prostate cancer cell line. (biomedcentral.com)

Then, 3-4 days later inflammatory monocytes are recruited into ischemic area of the heart. (springer.com)

Evidence suggests that only the type I receptor is capable of signal transduction and that the type II receptor may function as a decoy, binding IL-1 and thus preventing binding of IL-1 to the type I receptor. (rndsystems.com)

Thin section of a bone marrow-derived mouse macrophage. (musculoskeletalkey.com)

Porcine CD169 or Siglec-1 is usually a membrane glycoprotein induced by IFN- and expressed by different populations of tissue macrophages (but not monocytes)30. (researchensemble.com)
Specific populations of monocyte-derived brain cells develop critical relationships with malignant gliomas. (dovepress.com)
At least two populations of tissue macrophages exist: tissue-resident cells that are embryonically derived and a monocyte-derived population. (musculoskeletalkey.com)
The administration of nonlethal irradiation to induce death of hematopoietic cells and their precursors followed by administration of donor bone marrow (radiation chimeras) revealed populations of macrophages, including synovial macrophages, Langerhans cells, and microglia, that were resistant to irradiation and remained host origin, whereas the monocyte population was derived from donor hematopoietic cells. (musculoskeletalkey.com)
In the first part of this review, we will discuss similarities and differences in the identity of microglia and other macrophages, taking into account their developmental origin and the maintenance of the adult populations. (frontiersin.org)

Endothelial cell-specific blockade of Nod1 signaling suppressed FK565-induced expression of these chemokines, accumulation of cardiac CD11c + macrophages, and subsequent coronary arteritis development. (elsevierpure.com)

Current treatments for excessive bone resorption utilize RANK receptor blockers or neutralizing antibodies, which are able to inhibit osteoclast formation. (frontiersin.org)

It is unknown, however, how these cell types respond to the osteoclast-stimulating inflammatory cytokine interleukin 1β. (vu.nl)

OBJECTIVE High-mobility group package-1 (HMGB1) proteins is a nuclear DNA-binding proteins released from necrotic cells, inducing inflammatory reactions and promoting cells restoration and angiogenesis. (exposed-skin-care.net)
High-mobility group package-1 (HMGB1) is usually a nuclear proteins that functions as a cytokine when released in to the extracellular milieu by necrotic and inflammatory cells, and it is involved with inflammatory reactions and tissue restoration (4). (exposed-skin-care.net)

Nod1 in nonhematopoietic cells, rather than hematopoietic cells, was required for the increase of cardiac CD11c + macrophages and arteritis development. (elsevierpure.com)

Microglia are brain-resident macrophages. (frontiersin.org)
A close review of the literature shows that microglia are not as coarsely distinct to other macrophages as one may think, yet there are some fine differences in how they behave in their local environment. (frontiersin.org)

Macrophages are plastic and will change in response to environmental cues through pattern-recognition receptors and other sensors. (musculoskeletalkey.com)

M-CSF was first characterized as a glycoprotein that induces monocyte and macrophage colony formation from precursors in murine bone marrow cultures. (biolegend.com)
MNC also reacted with the monoclonal antibody My11, which is present on CFU-GM, the granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming cell, the probable precursor for MNC. (elsevierpure.com)

In vitro and in vivo studies were conducted to investigate the antitumor mechanism of A3@GMH in combination with photothermal therapy(PTT) through inducing immunogenic cell death(ICD) in 4T1 cells. (bvsalud.org)
A3@GMH actively mediated oncolytic features such as 4T1 cell lysis and LDH release, as well as ICD effects, and showed enhanced in vitro antitumor activity when combined with PTT. (bvsalud.org)
Serotype 1 FCoVs are highly prevalent clinically ( 3 - 5 ) but grow poorly in cell culture and are therefore underevaluated when compared with serotype 2 FCoVs, which are easily propagated in vitro but less prevalent. (cdc.gov)

Excess accumulation of cholesterol in macrophages results in foam cell production and lesion development. (jci.org)
From development to aging and disease, the brain parenchyma is under the constant threat of debris accumulation, in the form of dead cells and protein aggregates. (frontiersin.org)

Anatomy57

Organisms12

Diseases5

Chemicals and Drugs114

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment27

Phenomena and Processes40

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Osteoclasts27

Lineage10

Blood monocytes3

Differentiation14

Differentiate2

Proliferation12

Lymphocytes8

Surface receptors2

Cytokines16

Ligand12

Phagocytes2

Antigen7

RANKL7

Tissues12

Dendritic cell3

Tumor8

Ly6C6

Endothelial cells4

Subsets7

Tissue-resident macrophages2

Alveolar4

Fibroblasts3

Molecule6

Epithelial1

Anti-inflammatory3

Alternatively activated macrophages2

Mediates2

Myeloid4

Immune system6

Proinflammatory6

Abstract1

Inflammation6

Phenotype4

Intracellular3

Osteoblasts1

Binds3

Osteoclastogenesis3

Mice12

Function of macrophages1

Keratinocytes1

Soluble2

Stimulation4

Inflammatory monocytes1

Decoy1

Mouse macrophage1

Populations5

Chemokines1

Bone resorption1

Interleukin1

Nuclear2

Hematopoietic cells1

Microglia2

Pattern-recogniti1

Colony2

Vitro3

Accumulation2