Receptor induce antigen presenting cell. Medical search. Frequent questions

Modeled after APCs, aAPCs need to have at least two signals to stimulate antigen specific T cells. (wikipedia.org)
MHC class I are found on all cells and stimulate cytotoxic T cells (CD8 cells), and MHC class II are found on APCs and stimulate helper T cells (CD4 cells). (wikipedia.org)
Lipid bilayer-based particles with a fluid membrane have been developed as aAPCs to replicate interactions between natural APCs and T cells in nature. (wikipedia.org)
Even in the absence of T cells, natural APCs have been found to precluster antigens. (wikipedia.org)
In particular, MHC-restricted target epitopes formulated into synthetic long peptides (SLPs) are an effective format for delivering vaccine antigens to antigen-presenting cells (APCs). (harvard.edu)
MARCH1 might influence CD28, CTLA4, and PD-L1 signaling by regulating comparative protein degrees of Compact disc80/Compact disc86 on antigen-presenting cells (APCs). (rawveronica.com)
Mollusk hemocyanins have biomedical uses as carriers/adjuvants and nonspecific immunostimulants with beneficial clinical outcomes by triggering the production of proinflammatory cytokines in antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and driving immune responses toward type 1 T helper (Th1) polarization. (exeter.ac.uk)
We have previously shown that hemocyanins are internalized by APCs through receptor-mediated endocytosis with proteins that contain C-type lectin domains, such as mannose receptor (MR). However, the contribution of other innate immune receptors to the proinflammatory signaling pathway triggered by hemocyanins is unknown. (exeter.ac.uk)
Thus, we studied the roles of Dectin-1, Dectin-2, and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in the hemocyanin activation of murine APCs, both in dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages, using hemocyanins from Megathura crenulata (KLH), Concholepas concholepas (CCH) and Fissurella latimarginata (FLH). (exeter.ac.uk)
However, hemocyanin-induced proinflammatory effects in APCs from Dectin-1 knock-out (KO) and Dectin-2 KO mice were independent of both receptors. (exeter.ac.uk)
Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most important antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in the body. (biomedcentral.com)
We studied the roles of direct and indirect antigen presentation (mediated by donor- and host-derived antigen presenting cells (APCs), respectively) in a mouse model of IUHCTx. (ca.gov)
We found that IUHCTx leads to precocious maturation of neonatal host DCs and that there is early differentiation of donor-derived DCs, even after transplantation of a stem cell source without mature APCs. (ca.gov)

For instance, it has been observed that in vitro CD4+ T cell activation by MHC-containing liposomes results in T cell proliferation and IL-2 release. (wikipedia.org)
Researchers have created reconstituted liposomes with membrane microdomains enriched with epitope/MHC complexes to promote T cell proliferation. (wikipedia.org)
Preclinical models predict that blockade of the coinhibitory molecule cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA4) on lymphocytes results in the release of a cell cycle inhibitory checkpoint, allowing lymphocyte proliferation, tumor targeting, and regression. (snmjournals.org)
Molecular imaging with the PET probe 18 F-FLT allows mapping and noninvasive imaging of cell proliferation in secondary lymphoid organs after CTLA4 blockade in patients with metastatic melanoma. (snmjournals.org)
A clear example of the critical role of CTLA4 on tolerance is the striking phenotype of CTLA4 knock-out mice, which develop rapid T-cell proliferation and autoimmune infiltration of multiple organs shortly after birth ( 6 , 7 ). (snmjournals.org)
Ly6C high MC presented downregulated co-stimulatory receptors (CD2, GITR, and TIM1) which direct immune cell proliferation, and upregulated co-stimulatory ligands (LIGHT and SEMA4A) which trigger antigen priming and differentiation. (frontiersin.org)
The atherosclerotic process is accelerated by a myriad of factors, such as the release of inflammatory chemokines and cytokines, the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), growth factors, and the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. (hindawi.com)
In the synthetic niche, interactions with the functionalized scaffold are expected to provide the signals needed for T-cell activation (with or without antigen specificity), lineage selection, proliferation, and survival. (weizmann.ac.il)
IL-27 is produced after activation by antigen-presenting cells and induces proliferation of naïve but not memory CD4+ T-cells. (rockland.com)
However, in response to homeostatic pressure, as in lymphopenia, naive T cells undergo proliferation without antigenic stimulation through a process referred to as lymphopenia-induced proliferation (LIP). (usherbrooke.ca)
Recent work from our laboratory has shown that with the homeostatic cytokines IL-7 and IL-15 synergize with IL-21 to induce antigen-independent proliferation of naive CD8[superscript +]T cells. (usherbrooke.ca)
Moreover, this cytokine-driven, antigen-independent proliferation "sensitizes" or "primes" naive CD8[superscript +] T cells to undergo robust proliferation in response to limiting concentrations of their cognate antigens. (usherbrooke.ca)
TGF-β1 is a multifunctional regulator of cell growth which will either stimulate or inhibit proliferation of mesenchymal cells depending on the presence of other growth factors 7,8,9 . (bvsalud.org)

Coupled with adjuvants such as poly(I:C), a potent agonist of the pattern-recognition receptors TLR3 and MDA5, SLPs may be administered cutaneously to induce T cell responses in the context of cancer, autoimmunity, and infectious diseases. (harvard.edu)
An important step in this process is the recognition of endogenous nucleic acids released from dying cells by various pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), including Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and other cytosolic receptors. (frontiersin.org)
The immune system utilizes sensors on immune cells named pattern recognition receptors to recognize invading pathogens and foreign substances. (exeter.ac.uk)

Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen presenting cells that initiate adaptive immunity by the activation of naïve lymphocytes and induce central and peripheral tolerance by mechanisms that include deletion, anergy and induction of regulatory T lymphocytes. (rotrf.org)
Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen-presenting cells that have multiple subpopulations with different phenotypes and immune functions. (biomedcentral.com)

We here describe the development of novel COVID-19 DNA plasmid vaccines encoding homodimers consisting of a targeting unit that binds chemokine receptors on antigen-presenting cells (human MIP-1α /LD78β), a dimerization unit (derived from the hinge and C H 3 exons of human IgG3), and an antigenic unit (Spike or the receptor-binding domain (RBD) from SARS-CoV-2). (biorxiv.org)
This complex then binds to the T-cell receptor without MHC restriction. (medscape.com)
Recently, Sanglifehrin A (SFA), a novel agent with immunosuppressive activity has been described that is structurally related to CsA and binds to the same intracellular receptor, cyclophilin. (rotrf.org)
Because every nucleated cell expresses class I MHC molecules, all infected cells can act as antigen-presenting cells for CD8 T cells (CD8 binds to the nonpolymorphic part of the class I heavy chain). (msdmanuals.com)
It is expressed by ANTIGEN-PRESENTING CELLS and binds to CD28 ANTIGEN with high specificity and to CTLA-4 ANTIGEN with low specificity. (bvsalud.org)

When they encounter foreign pathogens, the antigen presenting cells activate the T cells-"the soldiers of the immune system"- by delivering stimulatory signals that alert there is foreign material in the body with specific cell surface molecules (epitopes). (wikipedia.org)
T cells need another signal to become activated in addition to Signal 1, this is done by co-stimulatory molecules such as the proteins CD80 (B7.1) or CD86 (B7.2), although other additional co-stimulation molecules have been identified. (wikipedia.org)
Cell-based aAPCs have been produced by transfecting murine fibroblasts to express specific peptide-loaded HLA molecules with co-stimulatory signal B7.1, and cell adhesion molecules ICAM-1 and LFA-3. (wikipedia.org)
A higher level of T cell activation is induced by the preclustering of MHC molecules. (wikipedia.org)
A staphylococcal antigen (eg, enterotoxins C and A and toxic shock syndrome toxin [TSST]-1) act as a superantigen and it can bind directly to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules on antigen-presenting cells. (medscape.com)
Ig-E-mediated food allergy involves the binding of food allergens to Ig-E molecules leading to the activation of effector cells releasing histamine (immediate response) followed by allergic inflammation with increased leukotrienes, platelet activating factor (PAF), and IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 cytokines. (bdbiosciences.com)
It provides a dominant negative signaling to T cells on binding to the costimulatory molecules CD80 (B7.1) and CD86 (B7.2) expressed on the surface of antigen-presenting cells ( 1 ). (snmjournals.org)
Cell surface CTLA4 has 100-1,000 times higher affinity for the costimulatory molecules expressed by antigen-presenting cells, thereby efficiently competing with the positive costimulatory receptor CD28 ( 1 ). (snmjournals.org)
The engagement of CTLA4 by costimulatory molecules results in decreased T-cell receptor signaling, interleukin 2 transcription ( 3 ), and cell cycle arrest at the G1 stage, with the final result of inducing T-cell anergy ( 4 , 5 ). (snmjournals.org)
The aAPC were genetically modified to present the target antigen CD19 along with no co-stimulation, or co-stimulation via CD86, CD137L, or both molecules. (bmj.com)
a1) T cells can also interact with, and be activated by, DCs presenting via MHC/HLA a specific antigen matching the T-cell receptor, and accompanied by co-stimulatory (CD80/CD86 DCs, and CD28 T cells) and adhesive molecules (ICAM-1/LFA-3 DCs, and LFA-1/CD2 T cells). (weizmann.ac.il)
The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
1 , 2 , 14 Phosphorylation of tyrosines in immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs (ITAMs) of CD3-ζ molecules is important for T-cell activation. (ashpublications.org)
Dendritic cells (DCs) that phagocytize these DAMPs activate the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κβ) pathway, which then promotes the expression of co-stimulatory CD80/86 molecules [ 12 , 13 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Dendritic cells that present antigens on major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules and show co-stimulators stimulate T-cells and promote a systemic immune response [ 2 , 14 , 15 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The first signal is mediated via the T cell receptor (TCR) following its interaction with the peptide presented on class-I major histocompability complex (MHC-I) molecules. (usherbrooke.ca)
It encodes cell surface molecules specialized to present antigenic peptides to the T-cell receptor (TCR) on T cells. (msdmanuals.com)
Overview of the Immune System The immune system distinguishes self from nonself and eliminates potentially harmful nonself molecules and cells from the body. (msdmanuals.com)
Class I MHC molecules are present as transmembrane glycoproteins on the surface of all nucleated cells. (msdmanuals.com)
T cells that express CD8 molecules react with class I MHC molecules. (msdmanuals.com)
Some class I MHC genes encode nonclassical MHC molecules, such as HLA-G (which may play a role in protecting the fetus from the maternal immune response) and HLA-E (which presents peptides to certain receptors on natural killer [NK] cells). (msdmanuals.com)
most nucleated cells can be induced to express class II MHC molecules by interferon (IFN)-gamma. (msdmanuals.com)
T cells reactive to class II molecules express CD4 and are often helper cells. (msdmanuals.com)
MW) chemicals interact with host cells and molecules and In our daily life, we are confronted with a plethora of natural influence biologic processes such as signal transduction. (cdc.gov)
CD117 by immunohistochemical methods sion molecules, involved in cell-cell and in order to clarify the role of the infiltrating cell matrix interactions and thought to take inflammatory cells in the pathomechanisms part in cell motility [ 2,3 ]. (who.int)
Deficiencies are highly variable with regard to symptoms, phenotype, genotype, severity, etc, because many cells and molecules are required for both natural and adaptive immunity . (lu.se)

The expression of B7 proteins on an antigen-presenting cell is induced by pathogens during the innate response to an infection. (nih.gov)
It is likely that L-DCs play an important role in antigen uptake and processing of respiratory pathogens and are major contributors to respiratory tract immunity and may be ideal tools for future in vitro or ex vivo studies. (biomedcentral.com)

Adoptive T-cell therapy with anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-expressing T cells is a new approach for treating advanced B-cell malignancies. (ashpublications.org)
Adoptive T-cell therapy with T cells expressing chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) is an active area of cancer research. (ashpublications.org)

Signal 3 is the aAPC secretion of stimulatory cytokines such as IL-2 which enhances T cell stimulation, though this is not required for T cell activation. (wikipedia.org)
The cytokines cause polyclonal B-cell activation that induces the production of IgA, IgG, and IgM. (medscape.com)
a2,3) Both DCs and T cells interact with FRCs and their secreted chemokines (CCL19, CCL21), as well as cytokines (IL-6, IL-7), which promote their migration and survival. (weizmann.ac.il)
In these studies, we tailor extracellular nanopatterns that can provide specific stimulation of cytokines, and reduce the rate of cell death. (weizmann.ac.il)
This rapid reaction, known as the innate immune response, involves a slew of immune cells that arrive on the scene and produce proteins known as cytokines, chemokines, and prostaglandins, which recruit yet more immune cells and have all sorts of physical effects, Fuller says. (nationalgeographic.com)
Cytokines and chemokines induce inflammation, which is also painful. (nationalgeographic.com)
Not only the molecular differences leading to the different clinical presentations need to be better understood, but also the pathogenic mechanisms of CLE in general: the precise role of involved cell types, the impact of different cytokines described in the disease, and their interaction and regulation in a complex network need further exploration. (frontiersin.org)
LIP des lymphocytes T CD8+ naïfs nécessite IL-7, et un peptide du soi présenté pas le CMH de classe I. Des travaux récents de notre laboratoire ont montré que les cytokines homéostatiques IL-7 et IL-15 peuvent agir en synergie avec IL-21 et induire une prolifération antigène-indépendante des cellules CD8+ naives. (usherbrooke.ca)
Cytokine-primed CD8[superscript +]T cells also abundantly produce effector cytokines, such as TNF? (usherbrooke.ca)

It is the specific antigen or epitope that is loaded into the MHC determines the antigen-specificity. (wikipedia.org)
Furthermore, ILT4 recognition of MHC-I and CD1d is shown to be antigen dependent, suggesting that T-cell antigen specificity possibly affects the outcome of DC tolerization. (ox.ac.uk)
How is the tissue specificity of immune cells generated and how is it affected by environmental influences, plasticity and the tissue microenvironment? (mdc-berlin.de)
Polarization of the T cell microtubule-organizing center (MTOC) to the immunological synapse maintains the specificity of effector responses by enabling directional secretion toward the antigen-presenting cell. (tam-receptor.com)

They not only help activate B cells to secrete antibodies and macrophages to destroy ingested microbes, but they also help activate cytotoxic T cells to kill infected target cells. (nih.gov)
IL-12 subsequently stimulates the antipathogen type I immune response, wherein naïve CD4 + or CD8 + T cells become antigen-specific Th1 cells and cytotoxic T cells, respectively, with the help of antigen-presenting cells. (life-science-alliance.org)

Despite occasional cases of expansion of melanoma-specific T cells ( 14 , 15 ), the bulk of the data suggest that there is no detectable expansion of tumor antigen-specific lymphocytes, in particular when focusing on CD8+ T-cell responses. (snmjournals.org)
The most consistent effects in peripheral blood cells after administering anti-CTLA4 antibodies have been limited to marginal increases in the surface expression of nonspecific activation markers predominantly on CD4+ T lymphocytes ( 16 - 18 ). (snmjournals.org)
Ly6C low MC manifested activated T-cell signaling pathways and potentially can adapt the function of lymphocytes. (frontiersin.org)
One of the research areas at the MDC is immunology and inflammation, which covers tumor immunology, DNA repair in B lymphocytes, the role of tumor stroma-immune cell interaction in cancers, the role of innate immune cells in gliomas and neurodegenerative diseases, and the development of immunotherapy strategies. (mdc-berlin.de)
In lymphocytes such as T cells B cells and natural killer (NK) cells the MTOC reorients toward the immunological synapse (IS) that forms between the lymphocyte and its stimulatory target cell (2). (tam-receptor.com)
These lymphocytes often have a cytotoxic function, requiring them to be capable of recognizing any infected cell. (msdmanuals.com)
Le pourcentage de CD44 dans les lymphocytes T périphériques était significativement plus élevé chez les patients que chez les témoins, comme détecté par la cytométrie en flux. (who.int)
Lymphocytes, B and T cells, can respond selectively to thousands of non-self materials. (lu.se)
The mucosal immune system is uniquely regulated to manage its constant exposure to viruses, parasites, and bacterial antigens, all of which are in close proximity to a large reservoir of lymphocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. (medscape.com)
The interaction of CD86 with CD28 ANTIGEN provides a stimulatory signal to T-LYMPHOCYTES, while its interaction with CTLA-4 ANTIGEN may play a role in inducing PERIPHERAL TOLERANCE. (bvsalud.org)

Dendritic cell as sentinel of the immune system plays an irreplaceable role. (medsci.org)
We focus on the essential functions of dendritic cell in severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. (medsci.org)
We will focus on how dendritic cell subsets change the balance between major players in autoimmunity, namely Th1, Th17 and regulatory T cells. (uwo.ca)
These cells have a plasmacytoid dendritic cell phenotype, a distinct response to TLR ligation and present antigen to T cells far less efficiently on comparison to conventional CD11c(hi) dendritic cells. (cam.ac.uk)
My research is now focusing on manipulating plasmacytoid dendritic cell populations in vivo and determining the cause for the changes in the CDllc(lo) and Foxp3+ T cell populations following infection. (cam.ac.uk)
insufficiency increases IPI-145 (Duvelisib, INK1197) Compact disc86+DC (dendritic cell) populations and degrees of IFN- and interleukin 10 (IL-10) at day time 4 post disease, resulting in improved sponsor survival. (rawveronica.com)
Inside a follow-up research, IFN-I signaling was proven to straight affect regular dendritic cell (cDC) function and limit the power of cDCs to excellent IFN-Cproducing type 1 T regulatory (Tr1) cells (9). (rawveronica.com)
Role of immunolglobulin-like transcript family receptors and their ligands in suppressor T-cell-induced dendritic cell tolerization. (ox.ac.uk)
Here we discuss the recent studies regarding the role of dendritic cell (DC)-expressed ILT receptors in suppressor T (Ts) cells induced DC tolerization. (ox.ac.uk)
Some authors have referred to this ability of cryotherapy to load dendritic cells as producing an "in-vivo dendritic cell vaccine" [ 16 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Atherosclerosis starts with dysfunctional changes in the endothelium induced by disturbed shear stress which can lead to endothelial and platelet activation, adhesion of monocytes on the activated endothelium, and differentiation into proinflammatory macrophages, which increase the uptake of oxidized LDL (oxLDL) and turn into foam cells, exacerbating the inflammatory signalling. (hindawi.com)
Confronting PM 2.5 , macrophages are able to be activated and induce inflammatory responses. (medsci.org)
Moreover, IL-6 secretion induced by FLH was abolished in macrophages deficient for TLR4. (exeter.ac.uk)
The innate immune response first induces IL-12 production by antigen-presenting cells, such as macrophages and dendritic cells. (life-science-alliance.org)

Microbial products such as adjuvants that function as TLR ligands may stimulate the immune system by interacting with Toll-like receptors (TLR) on antigen presenting cells. (uwo.ca)
b) In a novel approach for construction of a synthetic immune niche, many of the cell-bound and ECM-associated ligands are transferred to a synthetic 2D (left) or 3D scaffold (right), to which T cells can bind. (weizmann.ac.il)
The molecular interaction between ILT and ligands seems to create a tri-molecule complex at the interface between Ts cell and DC, which consists of DC-expressed ILT receptor and MHC-I, as well as T-cell-expressed T cell receptor (TCR). (ox.ac.uk)
Nous avons montré qu'une pré-stimulation avec PIL-21 en présence de l'IL-7 ou l'IL-15, les cellules P14 acquièrent la capacité de répondre vigoureusement à des ligands peptidiques modifiés qui montrent une faible activité agoniste envers les cellules P14 naives. (usherbrooke.ca)
The second signal is delivered via the co-stimulatory receptors upon recognition of their ligands on antigen presenting cells. (usherbrooke.ca)

Their analysis is critical to determining the therapeutic proteins that will fail to induce immune responses while still performing their biological function. (genengnews.com)
This peptide-MHC complex signals through the T cell receptor and its associated proteins. (nih.gov)
Signal 2 is provided by costimulatory proteins, especially the B7 proteins (CD80 and CD86), which are recognized by the co-receptor protein CD28 on the surface of the T cell. (nih.gov)
Effector T cells act back to promote the expression of B7 proteins on antigen-presenting cells, creating a positive feedback loop that amplifies the T cell response. (nih.gov)
One of the IFN-γ-induced cell-autonomous programs is associated with IFN-inducible GTPases, such as p47 immunity-related GTPases (IRGs) and p65 guanylate-binding proteins (GBPs) ( Kim et al, 2012 ). (life-science-alliance.org)
The immunolglobulin-like transcript (ILT) family of proteins are surface receptors expressed by antigen-presenting cells capable of modulating host cell functions through intracellular signaling. (ox.ac.uk)
The cells that die via necrosis release preserved intracellular organelles, antigens, and damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) such as DNA and heat shock proteins (HSPs) [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
For example, exosomes and nanovesicles secreted by living cells serve as intercellular couriers of mRNA, microRNAs (miRNAs), long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), and proteins and have thus garnered considerable interest [ 3 ]. (jcancer.org)
To reduce the risk of analyzing cell line- pathway can be divided into distinct stages based on the specific features, we used several representative cell lines for recombination status of the Ig genes and on the expression each of four major stages in B cell development: pro-B, pre-B, pattern of surface markers and the presence of intracellular proteins [1- 6]. (lu.se)

Helper T cells are arguably the most important cells in adaptive immunity, as they are required for almost all adaptive immune responses. (nih.gov)
Ly6C high MC exhibited activated neutrophil degranulation, lysosome, cytokine production/receptor interaction and myeloid cell activation pathways, and Ly6C low MC presented features of lymphocyte immunity pathways in both mice. (frontiersin.org)
When loaded with immune complexes (IC), consisting of tumor antigens bound to antitumor antibody, BMDC induce powerful antitumor immunity in mice. (stanford.edu)
We have recently identified a novel family of CLRs and my research is aimed at better understanding the roles and functions of these receptors and how they influence innate and adaptive immunity during fungal infection. (exeter.ac.uk)
Inducing an interferon response enables IFN-γ-inducible immunity-related GTPase (IRG protein) to accumulate on the PV and to restrict parasite growth. (life-science-alliance.org)
One potential way to overcome the challenge of micrometastases is to induce systemic antitumor immunity by activating the immune system. (biomedcentral.com)
To cite this article: Martin SF, Esser PR, Weber FC, Jakob T, Freudenberg MA, Schmidt M, Goebeler M. Mechanisms of chemical-induced innate immunity in allergic contact dermatitis. (cdc.gov)
Contact allergen-induced innate immunity contrast to irritant contact dermatitis (ICD), which evolves emollients may help reduce irritancy and stabilize the barrier as a consequence of direct toxic effects of physical or chemi- function of the skin avoiding the penetration of contact aller- cal agents resulting in keratinocyte damage and local inflam- gens. (cdc.gov)
Therefore, it is not surprising that GI disorders are common manifestations, and often the initial presenting symptom, in patients with dysfunction in humoral immunity or cell-mediated immunity ( Table 1 ). (medscape.com)

The candidate encoding the longest RBD variant (VB2060) demonstrated high secretion of a functional protein and induced rapid and dose-dependent RBD IgG antibody responses that persisted up to at least 3 months after a single dose of the vaccine in mice. (biorxiv.org)
We demonstrate that targeting the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein to CD40 (αCD40.RBD) induces significant levels of specific T and B cells, with long-term memory phenotypes, in a humanized mouse model. (nature.com)
In food protein-induced ailments such as food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES), food protein-induced proctocolitis (FPIP) and food protein enteropathy (FPE), allergen-specific T cells have been described. (bdbiosciences.com)
T-cell and CD4 receptors on the surface of T cells bind to the HLA protein/T-cell epitope complex in order to generate an immune response. (genengnews.com)
Most naïve T cells do not express surface CTLA4 because of its binding to AP50, a subunit of the clathrin adaptor AP-2 protein ( 2 ). (snmjournals.org)
Signal 1 is provided by a foreign peptide bound to an MHC protein on the surface of the presenting cell. (nih.gov)
PM 2.5 increased the mRNA and protein expression of M1 markers including interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in RAW264.7 cells. (medsci.org)
Overexpression of miR-146a-3p downregulated the expression of SIRT1 protein in untreated RAW264.7 cells. (medsci.org)
Importantly, inhibition of miR-146a-3p upregulated SIRT1 protein and suppressed M1 polarization in PM 2.5 treated RAW264.7 cells. (medsci.org)
We characterized the role of IRG protein Irgb6 in the cell-autonomous response against T. gondii , which involves vacuole ubiquitination and breakdown. (life-science-alliance.org)
This protein functions as an essential signal transducer in the interleukin-1 and Toll-like receptor signaling pathways. (nih.gov)
The encoded protein consists of an N-terminal death domain and a C-terminal Toll-interleukin1 receptor domain. (nih.gov)
19 normal healthy in- receptor protein (CD117) that is structurally dividuals were recruited as a control group. (who.int)

This is the molecule which is loaded with the specific antigen. (wikipedia.org)

The first signal is the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), which in humans is also called the human leukocyte antigen (HLA). (wikipedia.org)
The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system (the major histocompatibility complex [MHC] in humans) is an important part of the immune system and is controlled by genes located on chromosome 6. (msdmanuals.com)

Th17 cells, once thought to only act as pathogenic effectors through production of IL-17, have been shown to have regulatory properties as well with co-production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 by a subset now referred to as regulatory Th17 cells. (uwo.ca)
Most notably, some gut helminths can also downregulate T cell responses to inflammatory stimuli including asthmatic and allergic reactions through stimulation and expansion of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells. (cam.ac.uk)
Experiments in our lab have shown that Foxp3+ regulatory T cell expansion in vitro can be linked to a TGF -beta-like activity present in the excretory/secretory products of the rodent gut helminth Heligmosomoides Polygyrus. (cam.ac.uk)
I am interested in the mechanisms underlying this Foxp3+ regulatory T cell expansion in vivo and have focused on whether antigen presenting cells such as dendritic cells are re-programmed to a tolerogenic, regulatory T cell inducing, phenotype following infection. (cam.ac.uk)
These regulatory T cell changes could be inhibited with excess antigen or the retinoic acid receptor antagonist LE540 and are enhanced with recombinant TGF -beta. (cam.ac.uk)
Furthermore, we aim at creating conditions that will enable us to develop an effective ex vivo stimulation system, tailored for different subclasses of T cells, including helper CD4 + cells, cytotoxic (CD8 + ) T cells, and T regulatory (T-Reg) cells. (weizmann.ac.il)
IL-35 is composed of EBI3 and the p35 subunit of IL-12 and has been reported to have therapeutic effects against collagen-induced arthritis by expanding the population of regulatory T cells and suppressing Th17 cells. (rockland.com)
LN metastases resist T cell-mediated cytotoxicity, induce antigen-specific regulatory T cells, and generate tumor-specific immune tolerance that subsequently facilitates distant tumor colonization. (stanford.edu)
Importantly, although the percentage of regulatory T cells (Tregs) after IUHCTx increased, there was no expansion in Treg numbers. (ca.gov)
Treg, regulatory T cell. (cdc.gov)

T cell responses were detected already at day 7, and were subsequently characterized to be multifunctional CD8 + and Th1 dominated CD4 + T cells. (biorxiv.org)
Therapeutic vaccination is a promising modality for inducing antigen-specific immune responses against cellular targets. (harvard.edu)
In this review, we will address the nature of the inflammatory response in the context of autoimmune disease, specifically we will discuss the role of dendritic cells following stimulation of their innate pathogen recognition receptors in directing the development of T cell responses. (uwo.ca)
By comparing responses to different amino acid sequences, a T-cell epitope map can be built up which allows the scientist to predict what modification can be designed into the Factor VIII molecule to make it less immunogenic. (genengnews.com)
The cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA4) is a coinhibitory activation-induced surface receptor on T cells that functions as a major negative regulator of anti-self-immune responses. (snmjournals.org)
They are activated on the surface of antigen -presenting cells, which mature during the innate immune responses triggered by an infection. (nih.gov)
The innate responses also dictate what kind of effector cell a helper T cell will develop into and thereby determine the nature of the adaptive immune response elicited. (nih.gov)
We also consider how innate immune responses determine the nature of adaptive responses by stimulating helper T cells to differentiate into either T H 1 or T H 2 effector cells. (nih.gov)
Prior studies of CAR-dependent T cell effector function evaluated CAR design on T-cell responses in vitro and in vivo. (bmj.com)
These receptors trigger a plethora of immune responses that confer protection against infection and could also contribute to unwanted exacerbated immune responses. (exeter.ac.uk)
However, we know very little of how these receptors, in particular Dectin-1, influences adaptive immune responses to fungi. (exeter.ac.uk)
The immune responses induced by ablation monotherapy are well documented, but independently they tend to be incapable of evoking a robust antitumor response. (biomedcentral.com)
They act as a surveillance system to detect foreign antigens and shape immunogenic or tolerogenic responses [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

The peptide-loaded MHC engages with the cognate T cell receptor (TCR) found on the T cells. (wikipedia.org)
Reorientation from the MTOC can be set off by engagement from the T cell antigen receptor (TCR) with cognate peptide-major histocompatibility complicated (pMHC) substances on the top of antigen-presenting focus on cell (APC) (2). (tam-receptor.com)

This is one mechanism by which a T cell can become tolerant to self antigens. (nih.gov)
Most CARs that are being evaluated in current clinical and preclinical studies recognize self-antigens that are expressed by normal tissues as well as malignant cells. (ashpublications.org)

To characterize the acute cellular response to SLP vaccination in vivo, a mouse model of cutaneous vaccination using C57BL/6J mice and the model antigen ovalbumin (OVA) was employed. (harvard.edu)
Significant structural features of hemocyanins as a model antigen are their glycosylation patterns. (exeter.ac.uk)

Our study assesses the effect ex vivo co-stimulation imparts on in vitro and in vivo effector function of CAR+ T cells. (bmj.com)
In vitro silencing of MSH2, MLH1 and MSH6 significantly increased CD80+ cell rate. (oncotarget.com)
We next looked into a bunch E3 ubiquitin ligase gene (inhibits MAVS/STING/TRIF-induced type I IFN (IFN-I) signaling in vitro and in Rabbit Polyclonal to TRIM24 vivo. (rawveronica.com)
15 We have recently conducted experiments that demonstrated enhanced in vitro survival of human T cells that were transduced with an ErbB2-specific CAR when the first and third ITAMs of the CD3-ζ domain of the CAR were inactivated. (ashpublications.org)

Monoclonal antibodies blocking CTLA4 induce regression of immunogenic tumors in mice ( 8 ) and are being pursued as a treatment approach for patients with cancer. (snmjournals.org)

There were also significant differences in microbial composition in dust samples and in innate immune cells between the two groups of children. (medscape.com)
Monocytes (MC) are bone marrow (BM) derived mononuclear phagocytes that play an important role in innate immune response and are the major immune cell population in chronic tissue inflammatory ( 1 , 2 ). (frontiersin.org)
Recently, IFN-I was proven to suppress innate immune system cell function and IFN- creation by parasite-specific Compact disc4+T cells aswell concerning promote the introduction of interleukin 10 (IL-10)Cproducing Tr1 cells (11C13). (rawveronica.com)

The classic example observed in poststreptococcal GN involves an antigen-antibody reaction, which may occur in the circulation or in the glomerulus. (medscape.com)
We tested the role of whole-body molecular imaging in patients with advanced melanoma receiving the CTLA4-blocking antibody tremelimumab, allowing the analysis of changes in glucose metabolism using the PET probe 18 F-FDG and cell replication with the PET probe 3′-deoxy-3′- 18 F-fluorothymidine ( 18 F-FLT). (snmjournals.org)
T cell depletion decreases IFN- known level and change the protecting ramifications of insufficiency, which may be attained by antibody neutralization of IFN- also. (rawveronica.com)
Anti-CD19-CAR-transduced T cells had superior antilymphoma efficacy compared with the anti-CD19 monoclonal antibody from which the anti-CD19 CAR was derived. (ashpublications.org)
However, murine models, including knockout and transgenic mice, have been useful in understanding the mechanisms of B lymphopoiesis, B-cell differentiation, and antibody formation. (medscape.com)
1) Antibody deficiency disorders are defects in immunoglobulin-producing B cells . (lu.se)
3) T cell deficiencies result usually in combined immunodeficiencies (CIDs), where both T cells and antibody production are defective. (lu.se)

Secretion of IL-2 by activated T-cells induces an autocrine- and paracrine-induced proliferative effect on adjacent T-cells. (weizmann.ac.il)
Crucial cells in CLE pathogenesis comprise plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) as major producers of type I IFN, T cells exerting cytotoxic effects, and B cells, previously believed to contribute via secretion of autoantibodies. (frontiersin.org)
This event brings the Golgi apparatus secretory lysosomes and other vesicular compartments associated with the MTOC into close apposition with the synaptic membrane thereby allowing the directional secretion of soluble elements toward the prospective cell. (tam-receptor.com)

Many of the current efforts regarding anti-cancer drug development are focused on directing tumor cells to undergo apoptosis. (mdpi.com)

In type 1 asthma, the Ig-E bind to mast cells, resulting in the release of histamines and leukotrienes leading to inflammation of eosinophils, which is a hallmark of allergic inflammatory response and a degranulation process. (bdbiosciences.com)
Asthma results from complex interactions among inflammatory cells, their mediators, airway epithelium and smooth muscle, and the nervous system. (medscape.com)
These results suggested that PM 2.5 induces the inflammatory M1 polarization and TLR4/NF-κB signal transduction pathway might be involved in the process. (medsci.org)

Mechanisms leading to T-cell activation in drug hypersensitivity. (bdbiosciences.com)
To avoid elimination by this mechanism, human papillomaviruses (HPV) have developed several mechanisms that enable the cells they infect to elude both extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis. (mdpi.com)
In this manuscript, we review the current literature regarding how HPV-infected cells avoid apoptosis and the molecular mechanisms involved in these events. (mdpi.com)
Possible mechanisms for overcoming the resistance of HPV-infected tumor cells to anticancer drugs will be discussed. (mdpi.com)
There has been a great deal of interest shown in defining the mechanisms by which anti-CTLA4 antibodies induce tumor regressions in humans. (snmjournals.org)
In utero hematopoietic cell transplantation (IUHCTx) is a promising method to induce donor-specific tolerance but the mechanisms of antigen presentation that educate host T cells and the relative importance of deletion vs. regulation in this setting are unknown. (ca.gov)

Type II hypersensitivity is characterized by Ig-M and Ig-G antibodies that bind to cell surface antigens inducing activation of complement cascades and phagocytosis. (bdbiosciences.com)
Such peptides are believed to be "promiscuous" T-cell epitopes that bind to the HLA supertypes on the surface of antigen-presenting cells that are broadly represented in the world's population. (genengnews.com)
Once a T cell is activated through its T-cell receptor, downstream T-cell receptor signaling through Src kinases results in tyrosine phosphorylation of CTLA4 and the uncoupling of CTLA4 from AP50, allowing its surface expression, which peaks at 48 h after activation. (snmjournals.org)
Human MC were initially divided into three subsets based on the cell surface expression of CD14 and CD16, and recently classified based on CD40 expression ( 2 - 5 ). (frontiersin.org)
Murine MC are divided into three subsets based on surface expression of lymphocyte antigen 6 complex, locus C (Ly6C) ( 3 , 4 ). (frontiersin.org)
Epithelial cells growing on a patterned adhesive surface with the shape of the Weizmann Institute tree. (weizmann.ac.il)
In our current attempts to create a synthetic "immune niche," we employ diverse surface patterning approaches that might mimic "partnering cells", which are regularly located in the immune niches, and replace them in the process of T-cell activation (Figure 1). (weizmann.ac.il)
In the absence of functional Btk, mature B cells that express surface Ig and the marker CD19 are few to absent. (medscape.com)
Subsequent differentiation allows for rear- analysis of a set of mouse B lineage cell lines rep- rangements of the Ig light-chain (IgL) genes that replace the resenting defined stages of B cell development us- surrogate light-chain genes on the surface of the B cell [8]. (lu.se)

The interaction results in massive T-cell activation and a subsequent cytokine burst. (medscape.com)
This interaction with a T-cell's receptor may result in activation, but, if recognition occurs without collateral molecular interactions which cause 'co-stimulation', these T-cells will be tolerized. (portlandpress.com)
cells are activated by interaction with antigens and obtain T indicated that the cell lines representing a defined cell help, they mature into terminally differentiated plasma stage generally presented a high similarity in over- cells secreting large amounts of antibodies [10 -12]. (lu.se)

Helper T cells themselves, however, can only function when activated to become effector cells. (nih.gov)
In wild-type mice, there was a similar deletion of effector cells without expansion of donor-specific Tregs. (ca.gov)

BM-derived DC (BMDC) are powerful antigen-presenting cells. (stanford.edu)

Coronavirus-induced disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by a zoonotic virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which has rapidly spread during the last year and a half, infecting over 100 million humans and causing more than two million deaths worldwide. (nature.com)
Lymphoid lineage DCs primarily differentiate into plasmacytoid DCs and occupy approximately 0.5% of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in humans [ 2 ], but the cell population percentage is unclear in horses. (biomedcentral.com)

Overall, B-DCs demonstrated higher expression of CD86 and CD172α than L-DCs, but both cell types expressed high levels of MHC class II and CD44, as well as moderate amounts of CD163, CD204, and Bla36. (biomedcentral.com)
La interacción de CD86 con el ANTÍGENO CD28 proporciona una señal coestimuladora a los LINFOCITOS T, mientras que la interacción con el ANTÍGENO CTLA-4 puede desempeñar un papel en la inducción de la TOLERANCIA PERIFÉRICA. (bvsalud.org)

Th1 and Th17 cells are known to be cellular mediators of inflammation in autoimmune diseases. (uwo.ca)
Microbial agents such as Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) or Freund's adjuvant (CFA) that induce a Th17 response are protective in models of autoimmune diseases particularly EAE and type 1 diabetes (T1D). (uwo.ca)
CD11c(lo) cells polarise naive T cells to distinct T cells lineages, encouraging the expansion of antigen-specific Foxp3 T cells and polarisation away from Th17 cells. (cam.ac.uk)
Correspondence with low molecular weight chemicals that results in the priming of chemical-specific, Prof. Dr. Stefan F. Martin, Allergy Research skin-homing CD8+ Tc1/Tc17 and CD4+ Th1/Th17 cells. (cdc.gov)

Caco-2 cells labeled for tight junction molecule cingulin (green), actin (red), vinculin (pink) and DNA (blue). (weizmann.ac.il)
15 In addition to promoting T-cell activation, the first and third ITAMs of the CD3-ζ molecule have been shown to cause apoptosis, and inactivation of the first and third ITAMs of the CD3-ζ molecule by converting their tyrosine residues to phenylalanines has been shown to decrease T-cell apoptosis. (ashpublications.org)

As originally described by Lancefield, beta-hemolytic streptococci can be divided into many groups based on the antigenic differences in group-specific polysaccharides located in the bacterial cell wall. (medscape.com)
1. Major histocompatibility complex class II antigens have the central role in the immune response of 'presenting' antigenic peptide to CD4 + T-cells. (portlandpress.com)

The specific cytokine milieu within the site of inflammation or within secondary lymphatic tissues is important during the priming and effector phases of T cell response. (uwo.ca)
These cells are constantly on the prowl in our muscles, skin, and other tissues. (nationalgeographic.com)
Once inhaled, PM 2.5 deposits in lung tissues and diffuses in blood inducing lung and systematic injuries [ 3 , 4 ]. (medsci.org)
Expect a band at approximately 25 kDa in Western Blots of specific cell lysates and tissues. (rockland.com)
More recent studies suggested that DCs derived from tissues without "danger" signal stimulation should be regarded as immature DCs, based on their major role in antigen uptake and endocytosis of antigens [ 11 , 14 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Researchers are uncovering ever more details about the complex system of organs, tissues, and different cell types that make up the human immune system. (mdc-berlin.de)

On this basis, it was established that DRα makes significant contributions to peptide binding and that its α 2 domain is also important in T-cell recognition, possibly through CD4 binding. (portlandpress.com)

immature cell is then subjected to negative selection to delete grouped based on their previously defined pheno- self-reactive cells before it leaves the BM to enter peripheral typic features, and a gene expression pattern for lymphoid organs, where it becomes a mature B cell [9]. (lu.se)

This is due to the fact that certain amino acid sequences, so-called T-cell epitopes, when presented by antigen-presenting cells and recognized by helper T cells, will stimulate a powerful immune response. (genengnews.com)
As dramatically demonstrated in AIDS patients, without helper T cells we cannot defend ourselves even against many microbes that are normally harmless. (nih.gov)
In this final section , we discuss the multiple signals that help activate a T cell and how a helper T cell , once activated to become an effector cell , helps activate other cells. (nih.gov)
To activate a cytotoxic or helper T cell to proliferate and differentiate into an effector cell , an antigen-presenting cell provides two kinds of signals. (nih.gov)
The two signals that activate a helper T cell. (nih.gov)

Furthermore, the anti-tumor activity of the CAR+ T cells numerically expanded on aAPC with or without co-stimulation was tested by adoptive transfer into mice containing CD19+ tumor. (bmj.com)
AT-rich motifs from had been reported to induce IFN-I signaling concerning STING, TBK1, and IRF3/IRF7, and mice without IRF3, IRF7, TBK1, or TNFR1 had been resistant to in any other case lethal cerebral malaria (10). (rawveronica.com)
a reduction was also observed in DCs from C3H/HeJ mice, a mouse strain with a nonfunctional mutation for this receptor. (exeter.ac.uk)
We used T cells that were retrovirally transduced with this CAR to treat mice bearing a syngeneic lymphoma that naturally expressed the self-antigen murine CD19. (ashpublications.org)
One infusion of anti-CD19-CAR-transduced T cells completely eliminated normal B cells from mice for at least 143 days. (ashpublications.org)
The antilymphoma efficacy of anti-CD19-CAR-transduced T cells was critically dependent on irradiation of mice before anti-CD19-CAR-transduced T-cell infusion. (ashpublications.org)
Direct and indirect antigen presentation lead to deletion of donor-specific T cells after in utero hematopoietic cell transplantation in mice. (ca.gov)
We next performed allogeneic IUHCTx into donor-specific T cell receptor transgenic mice and confirmed that both direct and indirect antigen presentation lead to clonal deletion of effector T cells in chimeras. (ca.gov)
mice have suggested that the two enzymes play partially redundant roles in the attenuation of DAG signaling during T cell activation (8-11). (tam-receptor.com)

How can our knowledge of the immune system be applied to develop innovative therapies, including the identification of novel antigens for immune therapies and gene repair strategies in monogenic immune diseases? (mdc-berlin.de)
1 Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital and Houston Methodist Hospital. (aacrjournals.org)
Individual serologically defined antigens encoded by the class I and II gene loci in the HLA system are given standard designations (eg, HLA-A1, -B5, -C1, -DR1). (msdmanuals.com)
Alleles defined by DNA sequencing are named to identify the gene, followed by an asterisk, numbers representing the allele group (often corresponding to the serologic antigen encoded by that allele), a colon, and numbers representing the specific allele (eg, A*02:01, DRB1*01:03, DQA1*01:02). (msdmanuals.com)

The hepatitis B vaccine presents parts of the virus along with chemicals called adjuvants that are designed to get antigen-presenting cells riled up and boost the adaptive immune response. (nationalgeographic.com)

These cells failed to activate T-cells but induced tolerance. (portlandpress.com)

They are part of a much larger group of compounds, the eicosanoids, which, although ubiquitous as a group, are produced by a variety of cell type-, tissue-, and species-specific biosynthetic pathways. (jci.org)
Click on one of the subfamilies of IgSF or TNFRSF co-signaling receptors shown in the Explore Pathways box below to see how the different members of each family affect T cell activation. (rndsystems.com)

In this study, the well characterized CD19-specific 2nd generation CAR, signaling through CD28 and CD3-ζ endodomains, was expressed in donor T cells. (bmj.com)
To evaluate anti-CD19-CAR-transduced T cells in a murine model of adoptive T-cell therapy, we developed a CAR that specifically recognized murine CD19. (ashpublications.org)
Anti-CD19-CAR-transduced T cells eradicated intraperitoneally injected lymphoma cells and large subcutaneous lymphoma masses. (ashpublications.org)
Our results demonstrated impressive antilymphoma activity and profound destruction of normal B cells caused by anti-CD19-CAR-transduced T cells in a clinically relevant murine model. (ashpublications.org)
CD19 expression is restricted to normal mature B cells, malignant B cells, and B-cell precursors. (ashpublications.org)
12 , 13 Clinical trials in which patients with advanced B-cell malignancies receive T cells expressing anti-CD19 CARs are in early stages, and it is not known whether adoptive transfer of T cells targeting this self-antigen will be an effective therapy for B-cell malignancies. (ashpublications.org)
1 In addition, the optimal approach to treating patients with anti-CD19-CAR-expressing T cells is not known. (ashpublications.org)
To establish a murine model in which a completely syngeneic lymphoma could be treated by adoptive transfer of syngeneic CAR-transduced T cells, we developed a CAR that could specifically recognize murine CD19. (ashpublications.org)

B lymphocyte development is a highly ordered process pro- expression analysis without the use of intermediate amplifica- ceeding from the progenitor cells in the bone marrow (BM) to tion steps. (lu.se)

It has been suggested that IL-27 can also be used as a therapeutic agent against cancer as it can also induce tumor-specific anti-tumor activity mediated through CD8+ T-cells, IFN-gamma, and T-bet. (rockland.com)

B29), and the -subunit of the E-mail: [email protected] interleukin (IL)-7 receptor [5, 6]. (lu.se)

By adding immunomodulators to traditional ablative techniques, several researchers have sought to amplify the induced immune response and trigger systemic antitumor activity. (biomedcentral.com)
By destroying readily accessible tumors, ablative therapies make tumor antigens available as an in-situ cancer vaccine which can lead to the initiation of a systemic antitumor immune response that can affect and potentially eliminate occult, metastatic tumors [ 3 , 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Dendritic cells (DCs), which are the most potent antigen-presenting cells in the human body, play a pivotal role in the immune response. (jcancer.org)

Abstract : The activation of naive CD8[superscript +]T cells by an antigen requires two different signals. (usherbrooke.ca)

Immunotherapy aims to utilize the body's own defense mechanism-the immune system-to recognize mutated cancer cells and to kill them the way the immune system would recognize and kill a virus or other micro-organisms causing infectious diseases. (wikipedia.org)

It also involves Ig-M and Ig-G antibodies, but they react with soluble antigens. (bdbiosciences.com)
My job is to learn from the patients' samples what is required to induce our immune system to make these super-effective antibodies. (wrfseattle.org)
In the absence of mature B cells, patients lack lymphoid tissue and fail to develop plasma cells, the cells that manufacture antibodies. (medscape.com)

Germinal centers where B cells proliferate and differentiate are poorly developed in all lymphoid tissue, including the spleen. (medscape.com)

Conclusions: CRC with MMR-D showed a higher CD80 expression, and CD8+ and Th1 T-cell infiltration. (oncotarget.com)

These include EpiScreen™, a T-cell epitope mapping technology that screens peptides for their immunostimulatory properties, and EpiScreen DC:T cell assay, which screens biologics for their immunogenicity. (genengnews.com)

Artificial antigen presenting cells (aAPCs) are engineered platforms for T-cell activation. (wikipedia.org)
The size and shape of microbeads are important parameters for T cell activation. (wikipedia.org)
Most of the studies have focused on analyzing T-cell activation in peripheral blood. (snmjournals.org)
Cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesions are known to play key roles in the recruitment and activation of immune T-cells. (weizmann.ac.il)
It acts by binding to its receptor WSX-1 (also known as TCCR) and gp130 which results in the activation of a Jak/STAT signaling cascade, suggesting the IL-27 is involved in the regulation of immune processes. (rockland.com)
Cette activation "sensibilise" les cellules à proliférer en réponse à une concentration sub-optimale de l'antigène spécifique au TCR. (usherbrooke.ca)
for this peripheral localization pattern establishing an intriguing link between diacylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol signaling during T cell activation. (tam-receptor.com)
This induces a membrane proximal tyrosine kinase cascade resulting in the activation of many crucial signaling enzymes included in this phospholipase-Cγ (PLC? (tam-receptor.com)
Activation of Btk results in a cascade of signaling events resulting in calcium mobilization and fluxes, cytoskeletal rearrangements, and transcriptional regulation involving nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) and nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT). (medscape.com)

Tumor-specific neoantigens, which are expressed on tumor cells, can induce an effective antitumor cytotoxic T-cell response and mediate tumor regression. (wjgnet.com)

Subsequently, unbiased single-cell transcriptomic technology was used to dissect the heterogeneity and identities of vaccine-responsive cells following exposure to diverse classes of adjuvants (poly-ICLC, STING agonist, and TLR4 agonist). (harvard.edu)
MARCH1 could be induced by IL-10 after TLR4 and Compact disc40 signaling (23, 24). (rawveronica.com)
TLR4, but Neither Dectin-1 nor Dectin-2, Participates in the Mollusk Hemocyanin-Induced Proinflammatory Effects in Antigen-Presenting Cells from Mammals. (exeter.ac.uk)

related to other transmembrane receptors. (who.int)

Anatomy21

Organisms14

Diseases5

Chemicals and Drugs152

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment35

Phenomena and Processes27

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Health Care3

APCs13

Proliferation13

Pattern-recogniti3

Professional antigen prese2

Binds5

Molecules26

Pathogens2

Chimeric2

Cytokines9

Specificity4

Cytotoxic T cel2

Lymphocytes10

Dendritic cell10

Macrophages4

Ligands5

Proteins9

Immunity9

Protein13

Specific antigen1

Human leukocy2

Regulatory10

Responses13

Cognate2

Self antigens2

Model antigen2

Vitro4

Immunogenic1

Innate immune3

Antibody7

Secretion3

Focused on directing t1

Inflammatory3

Mechanisms6

Surface9

Interaction3

Effector cells2

BMDC1

Humans2

CD862

Th174

Molecule2

Antigenic2

Tissues6

Recognition1

Immature1

Helper5

Mice9

Gene4

Adaptive1

Activate T-cells1

Pathways2

CD198

Lymphocyte1

Anti-tumor activity1

Interleukin1

Immune response3

Abstract1

Infectious diseases1

Antibodies3

Proliferate and differentiate1

CD801

Peptides1

Activation9

Tumor cells1

TLR43

Transmembrane1