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Chemokine CXCL12Chemokine CXCL13Chemokine CXCL10Chemokine CXCL6Chemokine CXCL11Chemokine CXCL1Chemokine CXCL9Chemokines, CXCReceptors, ChemokineReceptors, CXCRChemokine CXCL5Receptors, CXCR4Receptors, CXCR3ChemokinesChemokine CCL5Receptors, CXCR5Receptors, Interleukin-8BChemokine CCL2Chemokine CXCL2Chemokine CCL21Chemotaxis, LeukocyteChemokine CCL4Cell MovementChemokine CCL22Chemokine CCL3Chemokine CCL17Receptors, ScavengerChemokine CCL19Chemokine CX3CL1Chemokines, CCInterleukin-8Heterocyclic CompoundsChemotaxisMice, Inbred C57BLPlatelet Factor 4Chemokine CCL7Chemokine CCL20Cells, CulturedChemokine CCL11Chemokine CCL1Neutrophil InfiltrationSignal TransductionChemokine CCL27Mice, KnockoutUp-RegulationFlow CytometryReceptors, CCR2Receptors, CCR1RNA, MessengerReceptors, CCR5Chemokine CCL8CytokinesInflammationGene Expression RegulationMacrophage Inflammatory ProteinsCell Line, TumorReverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionEnzyme-Linked Immunosorbent AssayReceptors, CCR4Receptors, Interleukin-8AMice, Inbred BALB CT-LymphocytesReceptors, CCR3ImmunohistochemistryCell AdhesionMacrophagesEndothelial CellsReceptors, CCR7Cell LineDisease Models, AnimalReceptors, CCR10Mice, TransgenicReceptors, CCR8Cell ProliferationInterferon-gammaChemokine CCL24CD4-Positive T-LymphocytesReceptors, CytokineMonocyte Chemoattractant ProteinsBlotting, WesternGene ExpressionProtein BindingReceptors, CCRBone Marrow CellsGene Expression ProfilingChemokines, CX3CChemotactic FactorsReceptors, CCR6Cell DifferentiationTransfectionTime FactorsMonokinesMonocytesNeutrophilsLigandsReceptors, HIVDuffy Blood-Group SystemDendritic CellsCell Migration InhibitionIntercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
CXCR3CXCL11Cytokines and chemokinesCytokineCCL2Constitutively expressedChemotaxisIncluding Toll-like receMacrophagesCellsLigand 10Gamma interferonLigandsLevels of these chemokinesLymphocytesMotif chemokine 10CXCR1InflammatoryTumorSeven transmembraneBindCCR1ChemoattractantAgonistSignaling moleculesImmuneBiomarkersPathwayInflammationMigrationCXCL12Bone marrowMediatorsCXCR4CysteinesCCR5MurineInteractGenes
CXCR329
  • The CXCL9/CXCR3 receptor regulates immune cell migration, differentiation, and activation. (wikipedia.org)
  • CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11 all elicit their chemotactic functions by interacting with the chemokine receptor CXCR3. (wikipedia.org)
  • CXCL9 has been shown to interact with CXCR3. (wikipedia.org)
  • For immune cell differentiation, some reports show that CXCL9 lead to Th1 polarization through CXCR3. (wikipedia.org)
  • Several studies have shown that tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) play modulatory activities in the TME, and the CXCL9/CXCR3 axis impacts TAMs polarization. (wikipedia.org)
  • Immune cells, like Th1, CTLs, NK cells, and NKT cells, show anti-tumor effect against cancer cells through paracrine CXCL9/CXCR3 in tumor models. (wikipedia.org)
  • The autocrine CXCL9/CXCR3 signaling in cancer cells increases cancer cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and metastasis. (wikipedia.org)
  • citation needed] The relationship between CXCL9/CXCR3 and the PDL-1/PD-1 is an important area of research. (wikipedia.org)
  • Blockade of the PDL-1/PD-1 axis in T cells may trigger a positive feedback loop at the tumor site through the CXCL9/CXCR3 axis. (wikipedia.org)
  • The role of CXCL9/CXCR3 in TME and immune response - this plays a critical role in immune activation through paracrine signaling, impacting efficacy of cancer treatments. (wikipedia.org)
  • Induced by IFN-gamma (IFN-γ), the ELR-negative chemokine CXCL9 (MIG) elicits its effects by binding to the cell surface chemokine receptor CXCR3. (immunochemistry.com)
  • The cDNA microarray assay demonstrated that the gene expression of CXCL9 and CXCL10, ligands for CXCR3, and of CCL4, a ligand for CCR5, was strongly up-regulated during the granulomatosis. (ersjournals.com)
  • The blockade of Th1 chemokine receptors using TAK-779, a dual blocker for CXCR3 and CCR5, demonstrated reduced numbers of CXCR3 + CD4 + and CCR5 + CD4 + T cells in BALF. (ersjournals.com)
  • Chemokines bind and activate the CXCR3 receptor on Th1 cells, further enhancing IFN-γ and ILs secretion. (endotext.org)
  • CXCR3, C-X-C Motif Chemokine Receptor 3. (endotext.org)
  • This antimicrobial gene encodes a chemokine of the CXC subfamily and ligand for the receptor CXCR3. (cancerindex.org)
  • It has specificity for the CXCR3 RECEPTOR. (lookformedical.com)
  • It signals through the CXCR3 receptor. (reliatech.de)
  • Similar to CXCL9 and CXCL10, CXCL11 can specifically bind to the G protein-coupled receptor CXCR3 and involve in chemotaxis of immune cells and angiogenesis. (biofargo.com)
  • Chemokine receptor CXCR3 is a chemokine receptor primarily expresses on activated CD4 + and CD8 + T cells with a Th1 phenotype. (immune-system-research.com)
  • Moreover, evaluation of AMG 487 in in vitro functional assays demonstrates that AMG 487 inhibits CXCR3-mediated cell migration by the three CXCR3 chemokines (IP-10 IC 50 =8 nM, ITAC IC 50 = 15 nM, and MIG IC 50 =36 nM). (immune-system-research.com)
  • All in all, AMG 487 is a chemokine receptor 3 CXCR3 antagonist with antimetastatic effect. (immune-system-research.com)
  • The chemokine receptors CXCR4 and CXCR3 are expressed predominantly on the cell surface of NK T cells. (huji.ac.il)
  • In contrast to CXCR4, the expression levels of the chemokine receptor CXCR3 and the migration of cells in response to CXCL9 and CXCL10 increased after IL-2 treatment. (huji.ac.il)
  • The transmigrated mMSCs had down-regulated receptors CXCR3, CXCR6, CCR6 and CCR9. (birmingham.ac.uk)
  • It is 8.7 kDa protein that in humans is encoded by the CXCL10 gene and can elicits its effects by binding to the cell surface chemokine receptor CXCR3. (elisakits.co.uk)
  • It can binds to the CXCR3 receptor, which it shares with MIG and ITAC and then chemoattracts CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, NK and NKT cells. (elisakits.co.uk)
  • CXCL9, but not CXCL10, promotes CXCR3-dependent immune-mediated kidney disease. (harvard.edu)
  • CXCL9 is closely related to two other CXC chemokines called CXCL10 and CXCL11, additionally they all elicit their chemotactic functions by interacting with the chemokine receptor CXCR3. (watson-int.cn)
CXCL116
  • It is closely related to two other CXC chemokines called CXCL10 and CXCL11, whose genes are located near the gene for CXCL9 on human chromosome 4. (wikipedia.org)
  • Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 9 (CXCL9), also commonly known as monokine induced by interferon-gamma (MIG), is a small cytokine belonging to the CXC chemokine family and is closely related to two other ELR-negative CXC chemokines: CXCL10 and CXCL11. (immunochemistry.com)
  • Activation of Th1 lymphocytes by antigen presenting cells produce INF-γ -and IL-2 and 12, which stimulate thyrocytes and retroorbital cells to secrete chemokines (CXCL10, CXCL9, and CXCL11). (endotext.org)
  • CXCL11 has functional and structural relationship with CXCL9 and CXCL10. (biofargo.com)
  • CXCL10, sometimes referred to as IP-10, is a negative chemokine with a glutamic acid-leucine-arginine motif that shares structural and functional similarities with MIG (CXCL9) and ITAC (CXCL11). (elisakits.co.uk)
  • CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11 are biomarkers for the development of heart failure and left ventricular dysfunction. (elisakits.co.uk)
Cytokines and chemokines3
Cytokine5
  • Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 9 (CXCL9) is a small cytokine belonging to the CXC chemokine family that is also known as monokine induced by gamma interferon (MIG). (wikipedia.org)
  • The results showed that immunity and metabolism-related pathways (neuroactive ligand-receptor interactions, cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions and NOD-like receptor signaling pathways) were significantly enriched at both 24h and 48h. (frontiersin.org)
  • Upon vaccination with the LAV, IMs expressed T cell chemoattractant CXCL9 that attracted CD4+ T cells to the foci of infection, where IMs also served as a potent source of antigen presentation and Th1-promoting cytokine IL-12. (bvsalud.org)
  • Moreover, these DEGs may provide insights into the altered immune response to microbiota in the ageing gut, including reduced antigen presentation and alterations in cytokine and chemokine production. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Regardless of these limitations, we conclude that analysis of systemic chemokine/cytokine profiles can reflect critical clinical characteristics and, as a result, is definitely an crucial scientific tool which will be used as a component of future clinical studies to determine clinically relevant biomarkers. (5htreceptor.com)
CCL22
  • CCR receptors with specificity for CHEMOKINE CCL2 and several other CCL2-related chemokines. (lookformedical.com)
  • Functional annotation clustering of the microarray data showed that gene clusters involved in immune and antiviral responses ranked highly, involving genes such as chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 ( CCL2 ), chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 ( CCL5 ), chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 10 ( CXCL10 ), and toll like receptor 3 ( TLR3 ). (molvis.org)
Constitutively expressed2
  • Homeostatic chemokines are constitutively expressed in particular organs or tissues. (biolegend.com)
  • approximately 50 human chemokines and 20 receptors happen to be identified (Table 1) [12], and they could be classified either on the basis of (i) the molecular structure, i.e., the pattern of cysteine residues within the ligands or (ii) their functional qualities, as inducible or inflammatory chemokines and constitutively expressed homeostatic chemokines [33]. (5htreceptor.com)
Chemotaxis5
Including Toll-like rece2
  • An important step in this process is the recognition of endogenous nucleic acids released from dying cells by various pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), including Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and other cytosolic receptors. (frontiersin.org)
  • It expresses a range of cell surface molecules involved in adaptive and innate immunity, as well as crucial sentinel molecules, including toll-like receptors (TLRs), which are pivotal in early cellular defense against virus infection. (molvis.org)
Macrophages4
Cells28
  • Attracted cells move toward areas of higher concentrations of the chemokine. (biolegend.com)
  • Chemokines receptors are seven transmembrane spanning G protein-coupled receptors that allow cells to migrate towards increasing chemokine gradients. (biolegend.com)
  • Due to their function of targeting cells to specific organs, homeostatic chemokines can also be involved in cancer and metastasis. (biolegend.com)
  • Many inflammatory chemokines attract a wide variety of cells in both the innate and adaptive arms of immunity. (biolegend.com)
  • Upon sensing the inflammatory chemokine, cells will extravasate from the blood vessel and follow the gradient to its source. (biolegend.com)
  • showed that CXCL9, drove increased transcription of T-bet and RORγ, leading to the polarization of Foxp3− type 1 regulatory (Tr1) cells or T helper 17 (Th17) from naive T cells via STAT1, STAT4, and STAT5 phosphorylation. (wikipedia.org)
  • For immune cell activation, CXCL9 stimulate immune cells through Th1 polarization and activation. (wikipedia.org)
  • showed that anti-PD-1 could not only enhance T cell-mediated tumor regression but also increase the expression of IFN-γ but not CXCL9 by bone marrow-derived cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Foremost, N-809 enhances intratumoral lymphocyte numbers by increasing trafficking via altered chemokine levels in the TME and chemokine receptor expression on CD8 + T cells and NK cells. (bmj.com)
  • Furthermore, we assessed the expression of chemokines by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) array in tumor-draining lymph nodes (dLNs) of these mice and MC38 cells cultured in different glucose concentrations. (nature.com)
  • mRNA expression levels of CXCL9, a chemokine recruiting CD8 + T cells, were lower in dLNs of STZ-mice than in normoglycemic mice after PD-1-Ab treatment, and its protein was expressed in DCs. (nature.com)
  • In MC38 cells cultured with 25 mM glucose, mRNA expression of CCL7, a chemokine recruiting DCs, was decreased compared to cells cultured with 5 mM glucose. (nature.com)
  • These results suggest that the STZ-induced hyperglycemia impairs the effect of PD-1-Ab treatment on MC38 tumor growth, and is accompanied by reduced infiltration of DCs and CD8 + T cells and decreased expression of CCL7 and CXCL9. (nature.com)
  • To investigate the effect of hyperglycemia on anti-tumor function induced by anti-PD-1 antibody treatment, we treated STZ-induced diabetic mice with subcutaneous MC38 colon carcinoma tumors with anti-PD-1 antibody, and examined changes in tumor growth, the number of tumor-infiltrating immune cells, and the expression of chemokines and chemokine receptors. (nature.com)
  • The viruses attach to the host cells through hemagglutinin, which specifically combines with neuraminic acid receptors in the host cells. (medscape.com)
  • All four adenosine receptors are expressed on the surface of mouse invariant NKT (iNKT) cells. (guidetomalariapharmacology.org)
  • Here we show that treatment of these cells with pertussis toxin and neutralizing antibodies to the chemokine receptor CXCR4 inhibited homing of the cells to the BM, but not the spleen, of NOD/SCID mice. (huji.ac.il)
  • CXCL9 and CXCL10) among decidual cells creates an immunological barrier that restricts harmful IFN-Cproducing maternal T cells from getting access to the maternal-fetal interface (27). (galeriaespacio48.com)
  • Collectively, these findings suggest that, if maternal Th1/Tc1 cells unleashed by fractured fetal tolerance travel fetal wastage, dysregulation of decidual chemokine manifestation silencing could play a pivotally important part in the immune pathogenesis of ensuing pregnancy complications. (galeriaespacio48.com)
  • This study examines the interaction of murine MSCs (mMSCs) with, and their migration across, murine aortic endothelial cells (MAECs), and the effects of chemokines and shear stress. (birmingham.ac.uk)
  • Microbial sensing by toll-like receptors (TLR) on liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) results in a CXCL9 chemokine gradient that attracts Kupffer cells closer to the periportal region to ensure immune surveillance and host defense from invading pathogens arriving through the portal vein circulation. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • The complexity from the chemokine system is noticed at the receptor level, exactly where specially inflammatory chemokines frequently bind several receptors and vice versa [34], and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells normally show constitutive release of numerous chemokines and express several chemokine receptors [20]. (5htreceptor.com)
  • Additional chemokines attract mainly T-cells. (colinsbraincancer.com)
  • The IFN-induced chemokines CXCL9C11 offer extremely selective lymphocyte recruitment bringing in subsets of Compact disc4+ and Compact 1235-82-1 IC50 disc8+ T-cells [24]. (colinsbraincancer.com)
  • Furthermore to additional chemokines, CXCL9 continues to be proven extremely upregulated and localized to muscles fibres in IBM, which increase could donate to infiltration of immune system cells [22,25]. (colinsbraincancer.com)
  • Increased degrees of CXCL12 are from the IIM, and the principal resources of the chemokine in the muscle mass are inflammatory cells and arteries. (colinsbraincancer.com)
  • A significant and more general attractant for B-cells is normally CXCL13 or B-cell-attracting chemokine 1 [30], which is particularly prominent in the bigger perimysial infiltrates as well as the follicular buildings within DM muscles [31]. (colinsbraincancer.com)
  • whereas iNOS, as its name indicates, is definitely inducible.7 NO is involved in neurotransmission, vasodilation, inflammation, and immunity8 and is also believed to play tasks in multiple phases of various cancers.9 In fact, a recent study showed that increased iNOS expression is definitely a signature of inferior survival, in estrogen receptor Cnegative breast tumors and exposure of estrogen receptorCnegative cells to NO enhanced cell motility and invasion. (techieindex.net)
Ligand 101
  • We found that the group with the most favorable prognosis showed significant manifestation of CXC chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10). (techieindex.net)
Gamma interferon2
  • alpha- and beta-interferon crossreact with common receptors, while gamma-interferon initiates its biological effects through its own specific receptor system. (lookformedical.com)
  • CXCL9 belongs to the CXC chemokine family and also known as Monokine induced by gamma interferon (MIG). (watson-int.cn)
Ligands2
  • Click on the receptor to sort the ligands to the top. (biolegend.com)
  • Increased TME NK and CD8 + T-cell numbers correlated with augmented chemokine ligands and receptors. (bmj.com)
Levels of these chemokines2
  • CXCL9, -10, -11 have proven to be valid biomarkers for the development of heart failure and left ventricular dysfunction, suggesting an underlining pathophysiological relation between levels of these chemokines and the development of adverse cardiac remodeling. (wikipedia.org)
  • This indicates an underlining pathophysiological relation between the development of adverse cardiac remodelling and the levels of these chemokines. (elisakits.co.uk)
Lymphocytes5
Motif chemokine 102
  • CXCL10 ELISA kit is a method designed for determining in vitro quantitative concentrations of CXCL10 (C-X-C motif chemokine 10, IP-10, interferon gamma-induced protein 10) in serum, tissue homogenates, serum and other biological fluids. (elisakits.co.uk)
  • The minimum detection sensitivity level of C-X-C motif chemokine 10 (CXCL10, interferon gamma-induced protein 10, IP-10) using current CXCL10 ELISA kit was approximately 4.688 ng/ml. (elisakits.co.uk)
CXCR11
Inflammatory5
  • These chemokines also have a more diverse range of functions compared to inflammatory chemokines. (biolegend.com)
  • In the event of infection, injury, or tissue damage, inflammatory chemokines are often released to address the problem. (biolegend.com)
  • Cell surface glycoproteins that bind to chemokines and thus mediate the migration of pro-inflammatory molecules. (lookformedical.com)
  • CB 2 receptor on eosinophils mainly mediates anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory actions e.g. downregulation of pro-inflammatory mediator release. (guidetomalariapharmacology.org)
  • This study furthers the knowledge of MSC transendothelial migration and the effects of chemokines and shear stress which is of relevance to inflammatory diseases such as arteriosclerosis. (birmingham.ac.uk)
Tumor2
  • citation needed] CXCL9 predominantly mediates lymphocytic infiltration to the focal sites and suppresses tumor growth. (wikipedia.org)
  • Gene expression of seven cytokines (Interferon gamma (IFN-γ), Interferon gamma-induced protein 10 (IP-10), Interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R), C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 9 (CXCL-9), Interleukin 10 (IL-10), Interleukin 4 (IL-4), and Tumor Necrosis Topic alpha (TNF-α)) in response to tuberculosis antigen was analyzed utilizing real-time polymerase response. (agresearchforum.com)
Seven transmembrane1
  • The receptors are members of the seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor family. (lookformedical.com)
Bind1
CCR11
  • A CC chemokine with specificity for CCR1 RECEPTORS and CCR5 RECEPTORS. (lookformedical.com)
Chemoattractant2
Agonist1
  • In contrast, enhancing PDC recruitment and activation to arthritic joints by topical application of the Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR-7) agonist imiquimod significantly ameliorated arthritis in various mouse models. (cnrs.fr)
Signaling molecules1
  • The receptor N-terminus is external and contributes to ligand binding while the carboxy terminus (COOH) allows for interaction with signaling molecules and downstream signaling. (biolegend.com)
Immune3
  • The IFN-γ-dependent immune activation loop also promotes CXCL9 release. (wikipedia.org)
  • We assessed host immune responses and the prevalence of TLR1 (toll-like receptor 1)-1805GG polymorphism to gain insights into the pathophysiology of these conditions. (cdc.gov)
  • Collectively, our results indicate that functionally overriding chemokine silencing in the maternal-fetal interface promotes the pathogenesis of prenatal illness and suggest that therapeutically reinforcing this pathway represents a common approach for mitigating immune-mediated pregnancy complications. (galeriaespacio48.com)
Biomarkers1
  • Chemokines and their receptors are involved inside the improvement of a number of disorders, including autoimmune diseases, cancer, also as vascular ailments [34], and systemic (serum or plasma) PLD Inhibitor custom synthesis chemokine levels may consequently serve as biomarkers for illness development or reflect disease activity, also as treatment responses. (5htreceptor.com)
Pathway1
  • Pharmacological inhibition confirmed a C-X-C chemokine receptor 3-mediated pathway involvement in the CBox toxicity. (cdc.gov)
Inflammation1
  • We are identifying chemkine therapeutic targets in kidney inflammation and using gene transfer approaches to deliver chemokine receptor blockers. (harvard.edu)
Migration1
  • CXCL9, CXCL16, CCL20 and CCL25 significantly enhanced transendothelial migration across MAECs. (birmingham.ac.uk)
CXCL122
Bone marrow1
  • Specific chemokine receptors are often required to gain entry (or exit) from certain organs and tissues like the thymus and bone marrow. (biolegend.com)
Mediators1
  • When stratified by specific clinical manifestation, patients with meningoradiculoneuritis had higher levels of B-cell chemoattractants CXC motif chemokine ligand (CXCL) 12 and CXCL13 and T-cell-associated mediators CXCL9, CXCL10, and interleukin 17, compared with those without radicular pain. (cdc.gov)
CXCR41
Cysteines3
  • Chemokines contain several (usually four) cysteines in conserved positions. (biolegend.com)
  • These cysteines provide tertiary structure for the chemokine through disulfide bonds. (biolegend.com)
  • The spacing between the first two cysteines determines the type of chemokine. (biolegend.com)
CCR52
  • Chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) has gained attention as therapeutic target in various malignancies. (cancerindex.org)
  • Chemokine CCL8 has specificity for CCR3 RECEPTORS and CCR5 RECEPTORS. (lookformedical.com)
Murine1
  • Recombinant murine CXCL9 contains 105 amino acids which is a single non-glycosylated polypeptide chain. (watson-int.cn)
Interact1
  • throughout leukemogenesis, chemokines interact with other cytokines, especially hematopoietic growth variables and angioregulatory components [357], but in addition using the matrix metalloprotease (MMP) technique that seems to become directly involved in leukemogenesis and causes proteolytic cleavage and, thereby, activation of chemokines [38]. (5htreceptor.com)
Genes1