• Similarly, activation of mGlu5 receptors expressed on neuronal nuclei led to sustained Ca 2+ oscillatory responses. (wustl.edu)
  • BDNF released from microglia induces neuronal hyperexcitability through interaction with the TrkB receptor. (wikipedia.org)
  • We find that overexpressed and activated EGFR reduces CXCR4-mediated Gi1 activation and that GRK2 phosphorylation at tyrosine residues is required to exert its inhibitory actions on CXCR4-Gi stimulation, suggesting a shared path of modulation. (nih.gov)
  • Our data indicate that ErbB-2 is an important component of the plexin-B receptor system and that ErbB-2-mediated phosphorylation of plexin-B1 is critically involved in Sema4D-induced RhoA activation, which underlies cellular phenomena downstream of plexin-B1, including axonal growth cone collapse. (rupress.org)
  • The cytoplasmic domain of TNFR2 lacks tyrosines, and conversion of all 12 potential serine and threonine phosphorylation targets in x1c to alanines either had no effect on NF-κB activation or resulted in enhanced NF-κB activity, depending on the structural context of x1c. (nus.edu.sg)
  • The results show that while the TRAF-binding domain of TNFR2 is a major target of kinases, its phosphorylation is not required for NF-κB activation. (nus.edu.sg)
  • Our data moreover suggest that phosphorylation of x1c negatively regulates the activation of NF-κB. (nus.edu.sg)
  • Phosphorylation of Syk Activation Loop Tyrosines Is Essential for Syk Function. (crossref.org)
  • Dysregulation of the NF-κB pathway in B cells from PPARγ +/- was indicated by spontaneous NF-κB activation, as well as increased IκBα phosphorylation and gel-shift activity following LPS stimulation. (jci.org)
  • 4] The ATP depletion is due to activation of Na+/K+ -ATPase, which, in turn, is a consequence of decreased phosphorylation by protein kinase C. Activation of the NMDA receptor is probably the cause of seizures in acute hyperammonemia. (medscape.com)
  • In contrast, carbachol-activation of endogenous muscarinic receptors led to cytoplasmic but not nuclear Ca 2+ responses. (wustl.edu)
  • Recent data indicate concurrent upregulation in certain tumors of CXCR4, EGF receptor (EGFR), and G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2), a signaling node functionally linked to both receptor types. (nih.gov)
  • Here, we show that plexin-B family members stably associate with the receptor tyrosine kinase ErbB-2. (rupress.org)
  • We demonstrate that a 41 amino acid region (amino acids 379 to 419) in the cytoplasmic domain of tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 (TNFR2) is phosphorylated by unidentified kinase(s) both in vitro and in vivo. (nus.edu.sg)
  • Fibronectin is also involved in upregulation of P2X4 receptors through interactions with integrins that lead to the activation of SRC-family kinase member, Lyn. (wikipedia.org)
  • Reactive oxygen species (ROS) promote cancer cell death by necroptosis mediated by receptor‑interacting protein kinase 1 (RIP1) and RIP3. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Furthermore, ASX induced RIP1 and RIP3 activation, ultimately inducing mixed lineage kinase domain‑like protein (MLKL) activa‑ tion, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and cell death. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Rapid and transient activation of myelin basic protein kinase in tobacco leaves treated with hairpin from Erwinia amylovora . (springer.com)
  • While focused on specific problems of biomedical importance, our research also impacts general areas of cell biology that include the understanding of how GPI-anchored cell surface receptors function and how intracellular kinase cascades are regulated and how such kinase cascades modulate cell function. (scripps.edu)
  • This protein is a high-affinity Fc-gamma receptor. (nih.gov)
  • Key evidence showing that ADCC plays an important role in the clinical effect of RTX was provided by the analysis of Fc gamma RIIIa (CD16a) polymorphisms, where patients carrying CD16a 158V/V genotype (associated with high affinity Fc gamma receptor) showed significantly improved objective response rates compared with FL patients carrying at least one 158F allele (associated with low affinity Fc gamma receptor) ( 20 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Upon vascular injury, platelets are exposed to the subendothelium, and several agonists, including adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and thrombin, are generated at the injury site, which can stimulate platelet adhesion, activation and aggregation. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • To decipher the dynamics and functional roles of internal water molecules in GPCR activity, we studied the A 2A adenosine receptor using microsecond molecular-dynamics simulations. (ewha.ac.kr)
  • Extracellular ATP is a danger signal to the brain and contributes to neurodegeneration in animal models of Alzheimer's disease through its extracellular catabolism by CD73 to generate adenosine, bolstering the activation of adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR). (uc.pt)
  • Several microglia functions are governed by the purinergic system due to the presence on these cells of P1 and P2 (P2X, P2Y) receptors for adenosine and ATP/ADP, respectively. (unicam.it)
  • Recently, it has been demonstrated that also adenosine A2A receptors (A2AARs) are over-expressed in LPS-activated microglia and mediate microglial process retraction. (unicam.it)
  • Activation involves release of adenosine diphosphate (ADP) from platelet storage granules and conversion of arachidonic acid to thromboxane A2 via a cyclooxygenase-mediated reaction. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The P2X4 receptor has been linked to neuropathic pain mediated by microglia in vitro and in vivo. (wikipedia.org)
  • We found that cell culture conditioned media from Caki1 cells increased activation, migration, and proliferation of fibroblasts in vitro , which was inhibited by V2R gene silencing in Caki1 cells . (bvsalud.org)
  • The results of this study demonstrated the necroptotic effect of ASX on gastric cancer AGS cells, which required NADPH oxidase activation and RIP1/RIP3/MLKL signaling in vitro. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Platelet activation allows binding of these proteins, which bridges adjacent platelets. (medscape.com)
  • Platelets and serum were treated with different inhibitors to determine mechanisms involved in platelet aggregation and activation. (lu.se)
  • Bacterial activation of platelets through this pathway is common for many bacteria causing IE and could be a potential therapeutic target for the prevention and treatment of this infection. (lu.se)
  • It adds SBSEC to a group of bacteria that activate and aggregate platelets via the platelet Fc-receptor. (lu.se)
  • The released ADP acts on the P2Y12 receptor on other platelets, thereby activating them and recruiting them to the site of injury. (msdmanuals.com)
  • In contrast to T cells, which did not exhibit a significant difference, B cells from PPARγ +/- showed an enhanced proliferative response to stimulation by either lipopolysaccharide or cross-linking of antigen receptors. (jci.org)
  • Nevertheless, in a previous report we provided evidence that a delayed temporal phase of the behavioral pharmacology of LSD is mediated by D(2)-like dopamine receptor stimulation. (erowid.org)
  • Interestingly, stimulation of CysLT1R located in the nuclei induced the activation of ERK1/2, an enzyme which have been shown to mediate LTD4 induced proliferation. (lu.se)
  • Plexin-B1 has recently been shown to mediate activation of RhoA through a stable interaction with the Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factors PDZ-RhoGEF and LARG. (rupress.org)
  • Our results imply that HA induction serves as an alternative therapeutic strategy for the treatment of PDA to the current one, i.e., inhibition of PGE signaling by cyclooxygenase inhibitors, which might delay PGE-mediated ICF in immature infants. (jci.org)
  • These inhibitory effects may be associated with its dual‑receptor inhibition on P2Y12 and TP receptors. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Therefore, understanding the molecular mechanisms of platelet activation and identifying novel techniques for platelet inhibition remain critically important. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Fig. 2: SST+ cell-mediated "blanket of inhibition" regulates temporal and spatial signal to noise ratio: effects of depression and of α5-PAM versus α5-NAM. (nature.com)
  • It was also found that LGP exhibited marked inhibitory effects on the activation of αIIbβ3 integrin, the secretion of serotonin from granules, and the synthesis of thromboxane A2. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Data from a radiolabeled ligand‑binding assay indicated that LGP exhibited apparent competing effects on thromboxane receptor (TP) and P2Y12 receptors. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The P2X4 subunits can form homomeric or heteromeric receptors. (wikipedia.org)
  • Stimulated muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (M2Rs) release Gβγ subunits, which slow heart rate by activating a G protein-gated K + channel (GIRK). (elifesciences.org)
  • Stimulated β2 adrenergic receptors (β2ARs) also release Gβγ subunits, but GIRK is not activated. (elifesciences.org)
  • Subproject B, "Synaptic Localization of NMDA Receptor Subunits in a PCP Model of Schizophrenia. (usd.edu)
  • These results suggest mGlu5 may mediate intranuclear signaling pathways. (wustl.edu)
  • Lyn then activates PI3K-AKT and MEK-ERK signaling pathways to stimulate receptor trafficking. (wikipedia.org)
  • Although insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and androgen receptor (AR) are well known effectors of skeletal muscle, the molecular mechanism by which signaling pathways integrating AR and IGF-I in skeletal muscle cells has not been previously examined. (molcells.org)
  • Currently our major efforts are on identification of cell surface receptors that recognize products of microbial pathogens and on elucidation of intracellular signaling pathways responsible for transmitting information from the cell surface to the nucleus. (scripps.edu)
  • Platelet activation pathways. (medscape.com)
  • When studying the LTD4 induced signalling pathways we found that CysLT1R mediated stress fibre formation and a calcium response through two heterotrimeric G-proteins, Ga12 and Gai3, respectively and that the LTD4 induced calcium response is dependent on PKCe. (lu.se)
  • Fig. 3: GABAergic inverted U-shape for optimal function: effects of disease and modulation of SST+ cell-mediated signaling through α5-GABA-A receptors. (nature.com)
  • Involved in osteoblast compaction through the fibronectin fibrillogenesis cell-mediated matrix assembly process, essential for osteoblast mineralization (By similarity). (rcsb.org)
  • The zebrafish P2X4 receptor was the first purinergic receptor to be crystallized and have its three-dimensional structure solved, forming the model for the P2X receptor family. (wikipedia.org)
  • This study shows that the metabotropic glutamate receptor, mGlu5, mobilizes nuclear Ca 2+ independent of cytosolic Ca 2+ regulation. (wustl.edu)
  • P2X4 receptors have been implicated in the regulation of cardiac function, ATP-mediated cell death, synaptic strengthening, and activating of the inflammasome in response to injury. (wikipedia.org)
  • Acute ammonia intoxication in an animal model leads to increased extracellular concentration of glutamate in the brain and results in activation of the N -methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor. (medscape.com)
  • sustained blocking of the NMDA receptor by continuous administration of antagonists dizocilpine (MK-801) or memantine prevents both phenomena, leading to significantly increased survival time in rats. (medscape.com)
  • We have investigated in a model system the effect of the EGFR and GRK2 status on CXCL12/CXCR4-mediated activation of Gi, the earliest step downstream of receptor activation. (nih.gov)
  • Finally, we attempted to assign a function to this receptor through an in vivo electrophysiological approach. (unicam.it)
  • Immunocytochemical, ultrastructural, and subcellular fractionation techniques revealed that the metabotropic glutamate receptor, mGlu5, can be localized to nuclear membranes in heterologous cells as well as midbrain and cortical neurons. (wustl.edu)
  • Together, this suggests that reduced signaling of the SST+ neuron/α5-GABA-A receptor pathway contributes to cognitive dysfunctions, and that it represents a novel therapeutic target for remediating mood and cognitive symptoms in depression, other psychiatric disorders and during aging. (nature.com)
  • Contributes to the induction of noncytocidal TNF effects including anti-viral state and activation of the acid sphingomyelinase. (lu.se)
  • ASX did not increase the ratio of apoptotic Bax/anti‑apoptotic Bcl‑2, the number of Annexin V‑positive cells, or caspase‑9 activation, which are apoptosis indices. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The resulting death-inducing signaling complex (disc) performs caspase-8 proteolytic activation which initiates the subsequent cascade of caspases (aspartate-specific cysteine proteases) mediating apoptosis. (lu.se)
  • This was studied in SK-N-SH neuroblastoma cells, which possess a muscarinic receptor-regulated PLCβ 1 -signaling pathway. (jneurosci.org)
  • These observations presented a spatial and temporal resolution of the sequence of events underlying receptor-evoked involvement of tubulin in G-protein-mediated signaling. (jneurosci.org)
  • In physiological and behavioral studies, activation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) has been implicated in mediating cholinergic signaling. (oregonstate.edu)
  • Vasopressin Receptor Type-2 Mediated Signaling in Renal Cell Carcinoma Stimulates Stromal Fibroblast Activation. (bvsalud.org)
  • In this study, we show that depletion of TDP-43 in microglia, but not in astrocytes, strikingly upregulates cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production through the activation of MAPK/ERK signaling and initiates neurotoxicity. (nature.com)
  • Additionally, we demonstrated the expression of CRF receptor signaling in the gut and its role as effector of stress-related alterations of gastric and colonic motility and visceral hypersensitivity. (uclahealth.org)
  • Studies reported in the literature demonstrates the involvement of the innate immune system in PD in several ways: activation and signaling Toll Like Receptor (TLRs), production of antimicrobial peptides such as defensins and cathelicidins and the important role of dendritic cells in mediating between the two immunologic responses. (bvsalud.org)
  • The CXCL12 chemokine receptor CXCR4 belongs to the GPCR superfamily and is often overexpressed in cancer, being involved in tumor progression and metastasis. (nih.gov)
  • Vasopressin type-2 receptor (V2R) is ectopically expressed and plays a pathogenic role in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) tumor cells . (bvsalud.org)
  • Extracellular Domain Of The 55Kda Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor. (lu.se)
  • Crystallographic evidence for dimerization of unliganded tumor necrosis factor receptor. (lu.se)
  • Activation of EP4, adenylyl cyclase, and PKA all increased HA production and the level of HA synthase 2 (HAS2) transcripts. (jci.org)
  • When HA production was inhibited, EP4-mediated migration was negated. (jci.org)
  • The possible role of this receptor could be related to the cytoskeletal rearrangement of microglia occurring in migration or activation processes, as it has been also suggested recently for A2AAR. (unicam.it)
  • Lentivirus-mediated overexpression of GATA3 significantly increased the number of GFAP/SOX2 double positive astrocytes and expression of pro-neural factor ASCL1, but failed to induce neurogenesis, suggesting that GATA3 is required for enhancing the neurogenic potential of primary human astrocytes and is not sufficient to induce neurogenesis alone. (frontiersin.org)
  • Neuroinflammation, a striking and common hallmark involved in many neurodegenerative diseases, including ALS, is characterized by extensive activation of glial cells including microglia, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. (nature.com)
  • This study addresses the mechanism underlying this specificity of GIRK activation by M2Rs. (elifesciences.org)
  • The P2X4 receptor has a typical P2X receptor structure. (wikipedia.org)
  • The P2X4 receptor is a ligand-gated cation channel that opens in response to ATP binding. (wikipedia.org)
  • The P2X4 receptor has high calcium permeability, leading to the depolarization of the cell membrane and the activation of various Ca2+-sensitive intracellular processes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Continued binding leads to increased permeability to N-methyl-D-glucamine (NMDG+) in about 50% of the cells expressing the P2X4 receptor. (wikipedia.org)
  • The desensitization of P2X4 receptors is intermediate when compared to P2X1 and P2X2 receptors. (wikipedia.org)
  • P2X4 receptors respond to ATP, but not αβmeATP. (wikipedia.org)
  • The product of this gene has the lowest sensitivity for these antagonists P2X4 receptors are stored in lysosomes and brought to the cell surface in response to extracellular signals. (wikipedia.org)
  • Internalization of P2X4 receptors is clathrin- and dynamin-dependent endocytosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • P2X4 receptors are upregulated following injury. (wikipedia.org)
  • More importantly, recent work shows that P2X4 receptor activation is not only necessary for neuropathic pain, but it is also sufficient to cause neuropathic pain. (wikipedia.org)
  • The P2X4 and P2X7 receptors are involved in microglia chemotaxis and activation processes. (unicam.it)
  • Here, we investigate the gating mechanism of the glycine receptor fluorescently labeled at the extracellulartransmembrane interface by voltage-clamp fluorimetry (VCF). (hal.science)
  • These results suggest that V2R plays an important role in secreting pro-fibrotic factors that stimulate fibroblast activation by a YAP-dependent mechanism in ccRCC tumors . (bvsalud.org)
  • Taken together, our results reveal a previously unrecognized non-cell-autonomous mechanism in TDP-43-mediated neurodegeneration, identifying COX-2-PGE2 as the molecular events of microglia- but not astrocyte-initiated neurotoxicity and identifying celecoxib as a novel potential therapy for TDP-43-linked ALS and possibly other types of ALS. (nature.com)
  • It is suggested that G-protein-coupled receptors might modulate cytoskeletal dynamics, intracellular traffic, and cellular architecture. (jneurosci.org)
  • Water molecules inside a G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) have recently been spotlighted in a series of crystal structures. (ewha.ac.kr)
  • The higher rate of Gβγ release is attributable to a faster G protein coupled receptor - G protein trimer association rate in M2R compared to β2AR. (elifesciences.org)
  • These two branches control heart rate by stimulating different G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), which in turn activate ion channels that modify the electrical properties of cardiac pacemaker cells ( DiFrancesco, 1993 ). (elifesciences.org)
  • In order to induce its effects on the intestinal epithelial cells, LTD4 binds to its receptor CysLT1R. (lu.se)
  • A dominant-negative form of ErbB-2 blocks Sema4D-induced RhoA activation as well as axonal growth cone collapse in primary hippocampal neurons. (rupress.org)
  • Although mechanisms operating at the level of single sensory neuron types or sensilla in the periphery have also been implicated in this process [ 14 - 21 ], the contributions of sensory neurons to mediating odorant discrimination and olfactory behavioral plasticity are not fully understood. (plos.org)
  • We show here that emperipolesis is a dynamic process mediated actively by both lineages, in part through the β2-integrin/ICAM-1/ezrin pathway. (elifesciences.org)
  • Acts as a ligand for the LILRB4 receptor, inhibiting FCGR1A/CD64-mediated monocyte activation (PubMed:34089617). (rcsb.org)
  • A continuous allosteric network spanning the TM domain, arising from water-mediated contacts, is unique in the active state, underscoring the importance of slow water molecules in the activation of GPCRs. (ewha.ac.kr)
  • The blockade of vasopressin receptors with tolvaptan continues to make appearances as a potential therapy in multiple arenas. (medscape.com)
  • The uncontrolled progression of these processes through a series of self-sustaining amplification loops can initiate unrestrained platelet activation and aggregation, and eventually lead to thromboembolic events ( 7 , 8 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Blockade of the platelet Fc-receptor or enzymatic cleavage of IgG abolished platelet activation and aggregation. (lu.se)
  • The Fc-IgG-receptor pathway was shown essential for platelet activation and aggregation. (lu.se)
  • The activated receptor catalyzes removal of GDP from the G protein alpha subunit (Gα i ), which allows intracellular GTP to bind. (elifesciences.org)
  • Platelet activation promotes platelet aggregation and fibrinogen binding and requires the platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa complex. (msdmanuals.com)
  • He received his Ph.D. degree in the laboratory of Dr. En-Duo Wang in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology from Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology of Chinese Academy of Science in 2008, where he studied the structural and functional interplay of transfer RNA (tRNA) and tRNA synthetase in bacteria, yeast and human. (rochester.edu)
  • Platelet activation and subsequent accumulation at sites of vascular injury are central to thrombus formation, which is considered to be a trigger of several cardiovascular diseases. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Fcγ receptor activation mediates vascular inflammation and abdominal aortic aneurysm development. (nih.gov)
  • In this study, the role of PI3K/Akt on IGF-I-induced gene expression and activation of AR in skeletal muscle cells was investigated. (molcells.org)
  • The present results suggest that modulating effect of IGF-I on AR gene expression and activation in C2C12 mouse skeletal muscle cells is mediated at least in part by the PI3K/Akt pathway. (molcells.org)
  • An NLRP7-containing inflammasome mediates recognition of microbial lipopeptid. (invivogen.com)
  • Manzerra, Pasquale, Synaptic Ras GTPase activating protein (SynGAP) regulates N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR)-mediated excitotoxicity via P38 MAPK activation. (usd.edu)
  • It was reported recently that PPARγ activation by its agonistic ligands modifies lymphocyte function. (jci.org)
  • In addition to plexins, various other proteins have been implicated either as receptors for semaphorins or as components of the semaphorin receptor complex ( Pasterkamp and Kolodkin, 2003 ). (rupress.org)
  • The platelet GP IIb/IIIa complex mediates platelet-to-platelet interactions (platelet aggregation). (medscape.com)
  • Crystal structure of the soluble human 55 kd TNF receptor-human TNF complex: implications for TNF receptor activation. (lu.se)
  • The adapter molecule fadd recruits caspase-8 to the activated receptor. (lu.se)
  • However, it is not known if upon convulsions there is a CD73-mediated coupling between ATP release and A2AR overactivation, causing neurodegeneration. (uc.pt)
  • The expression of prostanoid receptors in the rat DA and aorta during development. (jci.org)
  • Conclusions: GABA A receptor-mediated excitation, due in part to differential expression of NKCC1 and KCC2 and subsequent activation of L-type calcium channels, may contribute to seizure genesis in HH tissue. (arizona.edu)
  • Our results show that CysLT1R can be found in increased levels in colon cancer enterocytes (50% of 84 patients) and that high expression of this receptor in Dukes`B staged tumours predicts a poor disease outcome. (lu.se)
  • transcription factor recruitment during thyroid hormone receptor-mediated activation. (bvsalud.org)
  • Furthermore, the study characterized an RTX variant, named NAV‑006 (RTX‑N109D), which was more refractory to the immunosuppressive effects mediated by CA125 as evidenced by its reduced CA125 interaction and increased activity of ADCC and CDC when compared with parent RTX. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • and c) peripheral administration of peptide CRF receptor antagonists blocked the colonic responses to exogenous CRF and was able to attenuate the colonic responses to stress. (uclahealth.org)
  • TrpV1 receptor Ca channels mediate some responses to inhaled pollutants, and the TrpV1 inhibitor capsazepine and TrpV1 inactivation by pretreatment with resiniferatoxin both markedly reduced HDE Ca responses also. (cdc.gov)
  • These data suggest that a Gi/o-mediated PLC pathway to IP3 receptor activation and TrpV1 channel activation both contribute to HDE Ca responses. (cdc.gov)
  • Plexins are widely expressed transmembrane proteins that mediate the effects of semaphorins. (rupress.org)
  • Their effects are mediated by plexins, a group of transmembrane proteins. (rupress.org)
  • Activation of α2A-containing nicotinic acetylcholine receptors mediates nicotine-induced motor output in embryonic zebrafish. (oregonstate.edu)