• The N-terminal domain of the LDL receptor, which is responsible for ligand binding, is composed of seven sequence repeats (~50% identical). (wikipedia.org)
  • In addition, we identify a third critical component of the jasmonate co-receptor complex, inositol pentakisphosphate, which interacts with both COI1 and JAZ adjacent to the ligand. (nature.com)
  • The nicotinic receptors are cylindrically-shaped proteins imbedded in synaptic walls that act as chemically-controlled sodium channels (also called ligand-gated sodium channels) that penetrate through the cell walls of post-synaptic nerves and myocytes at the skeletal neuromuscular junctions. (cdc.gov)
  • Although cellular and in vivo studies have provided considerable insight into the downstream consequences of Notch signalling, relatively little is known about the molecular basis of the receptor/ligand interaction and initial stages of activation. (nih.gov)
  • Strychnine-sensitive glycine receptors are members of a family of Ligand-gated ion channels . (bionity.com)
  • Peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs) are members of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors that are related to retinoid, steroid and thyroid hormone receptors. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • PPARs have a highly conserved DNA binding domain (region C) and a diverse ligand-independent activation domain (region A/B) which can confer constitutive activity on the receptor. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • PPAR-RXR heterodimers can also be activated by ligand binding to either receptor partner independently. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • A greater understanding of the mechanism of transcriptional regulation by nuclear receptors has lead to the identification of multiple accessory proteins that bind to the nuclear receptors in a ligand-dependent manner. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Many surface receptors relay signals into the interior of the cell by changing their spatial structure after ligand binding. (news-medical.net)
  • The protein encoded by this gene is an orphan G protein-coupled receptor whose ligand is unknown. (nih.gov)
  • The human nuclear pregnane X receptor has a hydrophobic ligand-binding cavity with a small number of polar residues that are critical for precise pharmacologic activation. (the-scientist.com)
  • we therefore tested for cannabinoid receptors in seven representative species, using tritiated ligand binding assays with [3H]CP55,940 displaced by the CB1-selective antagonist SR141716A. (researchgate.net)
  • DPhe 6 ,βAla 11 ,Phe 13 ,Nle 14 ]Bn(6−14) was found to have high affinity ( K i = 0.4 nM) for the fBB 4 receptor and 125 I-[DTyr 6 ,βala 11 ,Phe 13 ,Nle 14 ]Bn(6−14) to be an excellent ligand for this receptor. (acs.org)
  • This action is mediated through conformational changes in the receptor following ligand binding. (sdbonline.org)
  • They mediate their signals by specific receptor protein, namely, glucocorticoid receptor (GR). The GR is a transcription factor classified within the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily and consists of three conserved domains: an N-terminal transactivation domain, a central DNA-binding domain (DBD), and a C-terminal ligand-binding domain (LBD) [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Each ligand may interact with multiple receptor subtypes. (msdmanuals.com)
  • A drug's ability to affect a given receptor is related to the drug's affinity (probability of the drug occupying a receptor at any given instant) and intrinsic efficacy (intrinsic activity-degree to which a ligand activates receptors and leads to cellular response). (msdmanuals.com)
  • Effector proteins interacting with the Fc portion of immunoglobulin M (IgM) include complement and complement receptors. (medscape.com)
  • Partial or complete deficiencies of the components of the complement system, including its receptors and regulatory proteins, are now described in humans and may be of a genetic or familial origin or acquired. (medscape.com)
  • Defects in the expression of complement or complement receptors may result in loss of tolerance to self-proteins and the development of immune complex-mediated autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). (medscape.com)
  • COI1-ASK1 and JAZ proteins form a high-affinity jasmonate co-receptor. (nature.com)
  • The nuclear receptor corepressor (N-CoR) or silencing mediator of retinoid and thyroid receptors (SMRT) proteins bind and mediate repression of transcription by the unliganded receptors. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Coactivator proteins such as SRC1 and CBP/p300 are recruited by agonist bound receptors and promote initiation of transcription by remodelling the chromatin structure while coactivators such as the PPAR binding protein (PBP) and TRAP220 interact directly with the transcriptional machinery. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Maintaining the second edition's focus on cell membrane receptors and the immediate signal transduction events at the membrane, this edition includes updated chapters on receptor structure and signal transduction by G-proteins and tyrosine kinases as well as enhancements to the quantitative treatment of drug-receptor interactions. (routledge.com)
  • Selective estrogen receptor modulators work by modulating the activity of estrogen receptors, proteins in cells that are activated by estrogen. (rxlist.com)
  • Therefore, Sig1R demonstrates properties that can be attributed to both chaperone proteins and receptors. (frontiersin.org)
  • This concept implies that olfactory receptor proteins are located in sensory cilia and in the axons. (jneurosci.org)
  • By means of immunohistochemistry and double-labeling studies using transgenic mouse lines as well as Western blot analyses, it was demonstrated that the newly generated antibodies specifically recognized the receptor proteins. (jneurosci.org)
  • To scrutinize the hypothesis that olfactory receptor proteins may also be present in the axonal processes and the nerve terminals, serial sections through the olfactory bulb were probed with the antibodies. (jneurosci.org)
  • These data indicate that olfactory receptor (OR) proteins are indeed present in the axonal processes and nerve terminals of olfactory sensory neurons, thus supporting the notion that ORs may participate in the molecular processes underlying the fasciculation and targeting of olfactory axons. (jneurosci.org)
  • In this study, antibodies were generated against unique epitopes of distinct OR types and used in immunohistochemical experiments to visualize the receptor proteins in whole-mount preparations and tissue sections of the olfactory system. (jneurosci.org)
  • Transferrin receptors, which are blood proteins, may be elevated in persons with iron deficiency. (medscape.com)
  • For those interested in learning about the molecular physiology of nicotinic receptors, the subject is discussed as optional reading below. (cdc.gov)
  • The estrogen receptor is the master transcriptional regulator of breast cancer phenotype and the archetype of a molecular therapeutic target. (nature.com)
  • Present investigation deals to find potential agonist of glucocorticoid receptors after biotransformation of betamethasone dipropionate (1) and to carry out the molecular docking and ADME analyses. (hindawi.com)
  • 2003). „Molecular identification of nicotinic acid receptor. (wikipedia.org)
  • Olfactory receptors are supposed to act not only as molecular sensors for odorants but also as cell recognition molecules guiding the axons of olfactory neurons to their appropriate glomerulus in the olfactory bulb. (jneurosci.org)
  • Although there is still a long way to go to understand the complex interplay between the approximately 230 key food-related odorants and human olfactory receptors, a start has been made, the molecular biologist adds. (leibniz-gemeinschaft.de)
  • Veronika Somoza, Director of the Leibniz Institute adds: "In the future, we will continue to use our extensive odorant and receptor collections at the Institute to help elucidate the molecular basis of human olfactory perception. (leibniz-gemeinschaft.de)
  • Structural mechanisms of constitutive activation in the C5a receptors with mutations in the extracellular loops: molecular modeling study. (medscape.com)
  • Overview of Pharmacodynamics Pharmacodynamics (sometimes described as what a drug does to the body) is the study of the biochemical, physiologic, and molecular effects of drugs on the body and involves receptor binding. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Physiologic functions (eg, contraction, secretion) are usually regulated by multiple receptor-mediated mechanisms, and several steps (eg, receptor-coupling, multiple intracellular 2nd messenger substances) may be interposed between the initial molecular drug-receptor interaction and ultimate tissue or organ response. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Leptin receptor deficiency is caused by mutations in the LEPR gene. (medlineplus.gov)
  • This gene provides instructions for making a protein called the leptin receptor, which is involved in the regulation of body weight. (medlineplus.gov)
  • LEPR gene mutations that cause leptin receptor deficiency prevent the receptor from responding to leptin, leading to the excessive hunger and weight gain associated with this disorder. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Because hypogonadotropic hypogonadism occurs in leptin receptor deficiency, researchers suggest that leptin receptor signaling is also involved in regulating the body's response to hormones that control sexual development, and that this response is affected by LEPR gene mutations. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Andiran N, Celik N, Andiran F. Homozygosity for two missense mutations in the leptin receptor gene (P316:W646C) in a Turkmenian girl with severe early-onset obesity. (medlineplus.gov)
  • In humans, the LDL receptor protein is encoded by the LDLR gene on chromosome 19. (wikipedia.org)
  • It belongs to the low density lipoprotein receptor gene family. (wikipedia.org)
  • Mutations in the gene encoding the LDL receptor are known to cause familial hypercholesterolaemia. (wikipedia.org)
  • The product of this gene belongs to the family of G-protein coupled receptors. (nih.gov)
  • Figure 1: Summary of estrogen receptor and RNA PolII binding sites and correlation with nucleotide and gene number. (nature.com)
  • Figure 3: Estrogen receptor and RNA PolII binding relative to specific gene targets. (nature.com)
  • In the version of this article initially published online, the estrogen receptor and RNA PolII binding data were aligned incorrectly in the top panel of Figure 3, which represents estrogen receptor binding at the ESR1 gene region. (nature.com)
  • Kunnas and colleagues studied a dinucleotide repeat of the alpha oestrogen receptor gene in 119 Finnish men who died suddenly. (the-scientist.com)
  • The extent of this polymorphism of the alpha oestrogen receptor gene is associated with the. (the-scientist.com)
  • PPARs regulate gene expression by heterodimeric partnering with retinoid X receptors (RXR) and subsequent binding to specific response elements (PPREs) in the promoter regions of target genes. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • The TWiVsters describe a new animal model for MERS coronavirus-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome, produced by CRISPR/Cas9 editing of the mouse gene encoding an ortholog of the virus receptor. (virology.ws)
  • The human dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4) gene contains a 48-bp variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) in exon 3, encoding the third intracellular loop of this dopamine receptor. (discovermagazine.com)
  • Here we report that antidiabetic thiazolidinediones (TZDs) and other ligands for the nuclear receptor PPARγ dramatically upregulate oxidized LDL receptor 1 (OLR1) in adipocytes by facilitating the exchange of coactivators for corepressors on the OLR1 gene in cultured mouse adipocytes. (jci.org)
  • 1997). „Isolation and chromosomal localization of GPR31, a human gene encoding a putative G protein-coupled receptor. (wikipedia.org)
  • A novel single-nucleotide substitution, Leu 467 Pro, in the interferon-gamma receptor 1 gene associated with allergic diseases. (lu.se)
  • To investigate the phenotype associated with estrogen receptor alpha (ER) expression in breast carcinoma, gene expression profiles of 58 node-negative breast carcinomas discordant for ER status were determined using DNA microarray technology. (lu.se)
  • The alpha-3 beta-4 nicotinic receptor , also known as the α3β4 receptor and the ganglion-type nicotinic receptor , [1] is a type of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor , consisting of α3 and β4 subunits . (wikipedia.org)
  • As with other nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, the α3β4 receptor is pentameric [(α3) m (β4) n where m + n = 5]. (wikipedia.org)
  • Describe the key function of nicotinic receptors. (cdc.gov)
  • Describe where nicotinic receptors are found. (cdc.gov)
  • Identify the key physiological effects that result from stimulation of nicotinic receptors by excessive amounts of acetylcholine. (cdc.gov)
  • When the neurotransmitter, acetylcholine, attaches to the portion of the nicotinic receptor outside of the cell wall, it induces a conformational change that selectively opens up the channel to sodium ions. (cdc.gov)
  • The channel opening in the nicotinic receptor normally lasts less than a millisecond because the enzyme, cholinesterase, rapidly breaks down acetylcholine. (cdc.gov)
  • As a result, the chemical-gated nicotinic receptor Na+ channels are held in the open position, and a constant state of depolarization occurs. (cdc.gov)
  • The nicotinic receptor. (cdc.gov)
  • 2003). „PUMA-G and HM74 are receptors for nicotinic acid and mediate its anti-lipolytic effect. (wikipedia.org)
  • The central hypothesis underlying this proposal is that drugs targeting CNS nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) may be of therapeutic value for the treatment of levodopa-induced dyskinesias in Parkinson's disease. (michaeljfox.org)
  • The proposed studies represent a new research direction for the treatment of levodopa-induced dyskinesias using nicotine or nicotinic receptor agonists. (michaeljfox.org)
  • Ligands which inhibit the α3β4 receptor have been shown to modulate drug-seeking behavior, [6] making α3β4 a promising target for the development of novel antiaddictive agents. (wikipedia.org)
  • We review the structural data available for receptor and ligands and identify the challenges ahead. (nih.gov)
  • Allosteric modulators of sigma-1 receptor (Sig1R) are described as compounds that can increase the activity of some Sig1R ligands that compete with (+)-pentazocine, one of the classic prototypical ligands that binds to the orthosteric Sig1R binding site. (frontiersin.org)
  • The ability of kappa- opioid receptor ligands to modulate dependence-related behavioural effects of drugs like morphine and cocaine is well documented. (bvsalud.org)
  • The method for measurement of soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) is immuno-turbidimetry using Roche kits on the Hitachi 912 clinical analyzer. (cdc.gov)
  • Transferrin receptor testing is used to measure the level of soluble transferrin receptors, thereby aiding in the evaluation of iron deficiency and in the diagnosis of iron-deficiency anemia. (medscape.com)
  • Transferrin receptor levels within the reference range indicate normal physiology. (medscape.com)
  • [ 2 ] Unlike ferritin, the transferrin receptor level is not affected by infection or inflammation and is therefore useful in distinguishing iron deficiency anemia from anemia of chronic disease. (medscape.com)
  • Transferrin receptor testing is used in the diagnosis of anemia and in deciding adequate treatment. (medscape.com)
  • Along with other tests in an anemia panel (iron, ferritin, reticulocyte count, lactate dehydrogenase [LDH], vitamin B-12, folate), the type of anemia can be diagnosed based on the transferrin receptor levels. (medscape.com)
  • Transferrin Receptor: ARUP Lab Tests. (medscape.com)
  • This family has several receptor subtypes with different pharmacological selectivity, which overlaps in some cases, for various adenosine and uridine nucleotides. (nih.gov)
  • fBB 4 -R expression in cells widely used for other Bn receptor subtypes was unsuccessful as was expression in two frog cell lines. (acs.org)
  • G protein-coupled receptors are the largest superfamily of cell surface receptors in the Metazoa and play critical roles in transducing extracellular signals into intracellular responses. (sdbonline.org)
  • G-protein-coupled receptor GPR161 is overexpressed in breast cancer and is a promoter of cell proliferation and invasion. (nih.gov)
  • The structural basis of G-protein-coupled receptor function and dysfunction in human diseases. (nih.gov)
  • False positive non-synonymous polymorphisms of G-protein coupled receptor genes. (nih.gov)
  • G-protein-coupled receptor signaling and neural tube closure defects. (nih.gov)
  • Homozygotes for targeted mutations show variably abnormalities that may include growth retardation, death after weaning unless given hydrated food, nonresponsiveness to dopamine D1 receptor agonists and antagonists, and normal to hyperactive locomotor activity. (jax.org)
  • There was a close correlation between agonist the receptor occupation and the receptor activation. (acs.org)
  • This third edition continues to combine current understanding of classical quantitative pharmacology and drug-receptor interactions with the basics of receptor structure and signal transduction mechanisms, providing an integrated analysis of the mechanisms of drug action at membrane receptors. (routledge.com)
  • This receptor is coupled to the stimulation of the phosphoinositide and adenylyl cyclase pathways and behaves as a selective purinoceptor. (nih.gov)
  • Ranitidine inhibits histamine stimulation of the H2 receptor in the gastric parietal cells, which, in turn, reduces gastric acid secretion, gastric volume, and hydrogen concentrations. (medscape.com)
  • The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of 5HT1A receptor stimulation of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) on food intake and microstructural analysis in adrenalectomized rats. (bvsalud.org)
  • In conclusion, the activation of kappa- opioid receptors clearly prevented nicotine -induced locomotor stimulation. (bvsalud.org)
  • There are 5 broad classes of mutation of the LDL receptor: Class 1 mutations affect the synthesis of the receptor in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). (wikipedia.org)
  • Chinese patients with defective IL-12/23-interferon-gamma circuit in Taiwan: partial dominant interferon-gamma receptor 1 mutation presenting as cutaneous granuloma and IL-12 receptor beta1 mutation as pneumatocele. (lu.se)
  • The novel IFNGR1 mutation 774del4 produces a truncated form of interferon-gamma receptor 1 and has a dominant-negative effect on interferon-gamma signal transduction. (lu.se)
  • A point mutation in a domain of gamma interferon receptor 1 provokes severe immunodeficiency. (lu.se)
  • Recurrent Mycobacterium avium osteomyelitis associated with a novel dominant interferon gamma receptor mutation. (lu.se)
  • Fang ( 2003 ) published the EDKB androgen receptor (AR) binding dataset that was produced expressly as a training set designed for developing predictive models. (fda.gov)
  • The purpose of the present investigation was to examine androgen receptor (AR) content in the vastus lateralis following two resistance exercise protocols of different volume. (nih.gov)
  • Androgen receptor content did not change 1h following SS but significantly decreased by 46% following MS. These results demonstrated that a higher volume of resistance exercise resulted in down-regulation of AR content 1h post-exercise. (nih.gov)
  • Androgen receptor expression in Breast cancer: An emerging marker of possible prognostic/predictive value? (who.int)
  • To approach this critical issue, antibodies were generated against two peptides, one derived from olfactory receptor mOR256-17, one derived from the "mOR37" subfamily. (jneurosci.org)
  • However, the olfactory receptor that contributes decisively to this sensory impression was unknown until now. (leibniz-gemeinschaft.de)
  • To help elucidate the recognition spectra, the team led by Dietmar Krautwurst at LSB is using a collection of all human olfactory receptor genes and their most common genetic variants to decipher their function using a test cell system. (leibniz-gemeinschaft.de)
  • It has been speculated that the domain may have ancestrally acted as a spacer to push the receptor beyond the extracellular matrix. (wikipedia.org)
  • The P2Y(11) receptor of human M2 macrophages activates canonical and IL-1 receptor signaling to translate the extracellular danger signal ATP into anti-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic responses. (nih.gov)
  • The flow-dependent adhesion of platelets to those and other extracellular matrix components is stabilized by a panel of integrins, including integrin α 2 β 1 , α IIb β 3 , and α 6 β 1 (adhesive platelet population), while the initial activation of platelets is achieved by signaling via the collagen/laminin receptor, glycoprotein VI (GPVI). (frontiersin.org)
  • The type-5 metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR5) has been shown to modulate brain plasticity and function, and is a therapeutic target in neurological diseases outside of stroke. (lu.se)
  • The subsequent images collected at the cryo-electron microscope delivered groundbreaking insights into how the T-cell receptor works, as Tampé summarises: 'On the basis of our structural analysis, we were able to show how the T-cell receptor assembles and recognizes antigens and hypothesize how signal transduction is triggered after antigen binding. (news-medical.net)
  • Few if any drugs are absolutely specific for one receptor or subtype, but most have relative selectivity. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The study suggests that "other factors, perhaps involving other neurotransmitter systems, mediate the recovery of D2 receptor function. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Leptin receptor deficiency is a condition that causes severe obesity beginning in the first few months of life. (medlineplus.gov)
  • People with leptin receptor deficiency also have hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, which is a condition caused by reduced production of hormones that direct sexual development. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Leptin receptor deficiency is a rare cause of obesity. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Note the image below, as well as the article Pediatric Complement Receptor Deficiency may be helpful. (medscape.com)
  • Complement receptor 1 and 2 deficiency increases coxsackievirus B3-induced myocarditis, dilated cardiomyopathy, and heart failure by increasing macrophages, IL-1beta, and immune complex deposition in the heart. (medscape.com)
  • Disseminated Mycobacterium peregrinum infection in a child with complete interferon-gamma receptor-1 deficiency. (lu.se)
  • Genetic basis of patients with bacille Calmette-Gu rin osteomyelitis in Japan: identification of dominant partial interferon-gamma receptor 1 deficiency as a predominant type. (lu.se)
  • In a novel form of IFN-gamma receptor 1 deficiency, cell surface receptors fail to bind IFN-gamma. (lu.se)
  • Listeria monocytogenes and recurrent mycobacterial infections in a child with complete interferon-gamma-receptor (IFNgammaR1) deficiency: mutational analysis and evaluation of therapeutic options. (lu.se)
  • The complement system, interacting with its regulatory molecules and cellular receptors, plays a central role in the induction and regulation of immunity. (medscape.com)
  • His current major research interests are N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in the stubstantia nigra in relation to cell death in Parkinson's disease and also ion transport and signaling in mast cells in relation to intracellular pH and volume regulation. (routledge.com)
  • An important way of regulation is provided by proteolytic cleavage of several of these receptors, leading to either a gain or a loss of platelet function. (frontiersin.org)
  • The research, in animals, shows a significant correlation between the number of receptors in part of the brain for the neurotransmitter dopamine - measured before cocaine use begins - and the rate at which the animal will later self-administer the drug. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Generally the lower the initial number of dopamine receptors, the higher the rate of cocaine use, the researchers found. (sciencedaily.com)
  • It was already known that cocaine abusers had lower levels of a particular dopamine receptor known as D2, in both human and animal subjects, compared to non-users. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Overall, these findings provide unequivocal evidence for a role of [dopamine] D2 receptors in cocaine abuse and suggest that treatments aimed at increasing levels of D2 receptors may have promise for alleviating drug addition," the researchers write. (sciencedaily.com)
  • But this dopamine overload also overwhelms the D2 receptors on the receiving cells, and those cells eventually react by reducing the number of D2 receptors. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Drug researchers hypothesize that it is this change that creates a craving for cocaine: once the receptor level drops, more dopamine is needed for the user even to feel "normal. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Like cocaine use, stress can also increase the dopamine levels and apparently cause a reduction in the D2 receptors. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Long time readers will be familiar with the large literature in behavior genetics/genomics and dopamine receptor genes. (discovermagazine.com)
  • The CR1 receptor preferentially binds C3b that is covalently attached to immune complexes, and it has a weaker affinity for bound C4b and iC3b. (medscape.com)
  • The receptor can be activated by a range of simple amino acids including glycine , β-alanine and taurine, and can be selectively blocked by the high-affinity competitive antagonist strychnine . (bionity.com)
  • Three of the five classes of Bn receptor antagonists that interacted with higher affinity with the fBB 4 -R functioned as fBB 4 -R antagonists and two as partial agonists. (acs.org)
  • Compounds 1-5 showed -12.53 to -10.11 kcal/mol potential binding affinity with glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and good ADME profile. (hindawi.com)
  • Drugs, aging, genetic mutations, and disorders can increase (upregulate) or decrease (downregulate) the number and binding affinity of receptors. (msdmanuals.com)
  • We mapped all estrogen receptor and RNA polymerase II binding sites on a genome-wide scale, identifying the authentic cis binding sites and target genes, in breast cancer cells. (nature.com)
  • In vertebrates the olfactory receptors are located in the cilia of the olfactory sensory neurons. (answers.com)
  • Quantum dots have been used to track the diffusion of glycine receptors into the synapse of neurons. (bionity.com)
  • On serial sections through the olfactory bulb of mOR37-transgenic mouse lines, double-labeling experiments demonstrated that distinct immunoreactive glomeruli corresponded to glomeruli that were targeted by neurons expressing a particular member of the mOR37 receptor subfamily. (jneurosci.org)
  • La región de enlace está rodeada por tres dendrímeros (verdes) que hacen que el receptor sea soluble en agua. (acs.org)
  • The co-receptor CD8 is known to approach the T-cell receptor after antigen binding and to stimulate the transfer of phosphate groups to its intracellular part. (news-medical.net)
  • Ability to bind to a receptor is influenced by external factors as well as by intracellular regulatory mechanisms. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Estrogen receptor-alpha directs ordered, cyclical, and combinatorial recruitment of cofactors on a natural target promoter. (nature.com)
  • In the human liver, nuclear pregnane X receptor (hPXR) activates cytochrome P450-3A in response to a wide variety of drugs and plays a critical role in mediating drug-drug interactions. (the-scientist.com)
  • Class 2 mutations prevent proper transport to the Golgi body needed for modifications to the receptor. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, stable fBB 4 -R cell lines were obtained in CHO-K1 cells which were shown to faithfully demonstrate the correct pharmacology of the related Bn receptor, the GRP receptor, when expressed in these cells. (acs.org)
  • For the past four decades, University College London has offered a renowned course on receptor pharmacology. (routledge.com)
  • Originating from this course, the perennially bestselling Textbook of Receptor Pharmacology has presented in-depth coverage of this rapidly expanding area of research. (routledge.com)
  • A time-saving resource and comprehensive learning tool, Textbook of Receptor Pharmacology, Third Edition carries on the tradition of providing in-depth, up-to-date coverage of this critical area that is both fundamental to the science of pharmacology and on the cutting edge of new drug development. (routledge.com)
  • He currently leads the General and Advanced Receptor Theory Workshop of the British Pharmacological Society Diploma in Pharmacology and is a course leader on the British Pharmacological Society short course on Translational Pharmacology. (routledge.com)
  • This edition updates and refines earlier versions of what is an excellent, interesting, and very informative text on receptor pharmacology, but what else would one expect with contributions from such giants in the discipline? (routledge.com)
  • Four distinct complement receptors, CR1, CR2, CR3, and CR4, have been described for the surface-bound complement fraction C3 and its cleavage fragments. (medscape.com)
  • Although these platelet activation processes are relatively well-studied as a function of the platelet environment, only since recently it is becoming clear that a multitude of proteases present in plasma or produced by platelets themselves are important for the distinct properties of platelet populations, often by cleaving specific receptors. (frontiersin.org)
  • Key food furanones furaneol and sotolone specifically activate distinct odorant receptors , J Agric Food Chem. (leibniz-gemeinschaft.de)
  • The leptin receptor is turned on (activated) by a hormone called leptin that attaches (binds) to the receptor, fitting into it like a key into a lock. (medlineplus.gov)
  • For the structural analysis, the researchers chose a T-cell receptor used in immunotherapy to treat melanoma and which had been optimized for this purpose in several steps in such a way that it binds its antigen as tightly as possible. (news-medical.net)
  • Furthermore, the team showed that an antibody, which binds to the receptor protein, is able to block infection by both viruses. (biologynews.net)
  • How Do Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators Work? (rxlist.com)
  • Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERM) are a class of medications used to relieve postmenopausal symptoms and to prevent bone loss ( osteoporosis ) associated with menopause . (rxlist.com)
  • Selective estrogen receptor modulators have both estrogen agonistic and antagonistic properties, depending on the type of tissue. (rxlist.com)
  • Selective estrogen receptor modulators may also be combined with estrogen for postmenopausal women with an intact uterus, who are undergoing estrogen replacement therapy. (rxlist.com)
  • How are selective estrogen receptor modulators used? (rxlist.com)
  • What are side effects of selective estrogen receptor modulators? (rxlist.com)
  • They are highly selective, do not affect the H1 receptors, and are not anticholinergic agents. (medscape.com)
  • The selective kappa- opioid receptor antagonist nor-BNI [30 microg intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.)] blocked the effects of U69,593 on nicotine -induced behaviour, thus supporting the involvement of kappa- opioid receptors in this effect. (bvsalud.org)
  • Guyton and Hall 2006) (See Figure 6 below) ( Smooth muscle contraction is controlled by muscarinic receptors, which are different and will be discussed later. (cdc.gov)
  • Additionally, leucine substitutions at this position caused similar signaling defects in the follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR), Galanin receptor (GALR1), AKH receptor (AKHR), corazonin receptor (CRZR), and muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mACHR1) . (sdbonline.org)
  • The purinergic receptor P2Y11 choreographs the polarization, mitochondrial metabolism, and migration of T lymphocytes. (nih.gov)
  • The density of CR1 receptors on cell surfaces varies with the cell type and with the activation of the cell for neutrophils and monocytes. (medscape.com)
  • A comparison of the antigen-bound structure captured using cryo-electron microscopy with that of a receptor without antigen provides the first clues to the activation mechanism. (news-medical.net)
  • His research interests have included the role of bradykinin receptors in the human nasal airway, the control of microvascular circulation in human skin, and the mechanism of activation of dendritic cells. (routledge.com)
  • Although Toll-like receptors play a key role in protecting the host against infectious and inflammatory processes, and there must be a balance between the activation and inactivation of these receptors to avoid an excessive inflammatory or immune response, as it occurs in systemic autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis. (bvsalud.org)
  • Figure 4: Identification of enriched motifs within the estrogen receptor binding sites and validation of transcription factor binding. (nature.com)
  • Figure 5: Involvement of cooperating transcription factors at estrogen receptor binding sites. (nature.com)
  • Activated receptors directly or indirectly regulate cellular biochemical processes (eg, ion conductance, protein phosphorylation, DNA transcription, enzymatic activity). (msdmanuals.com)
  • A team of researchers has identified a cellular protein that acts as a receptor for Ebola virus and Marburg virus. (biologynews.net)
  • selectivity relates largely to physicochemical binding of the drug to cellular receptors. (msdmanuals.com)
  • SERMs bind to estrogen receptors and activate estrogen pathways in some tissue while blocking its effects in other types of tissue. (rxlist.com)
  • After binding of a suitable antigen to the receptor, a signaling pathway is triggered inside the T cell that 'arms' the cell for the respective task. (news-medical.net)
  • However, how this signaling pathway is activated has remained a mystery until now - despite the fact that the T-cell receptor is one of the most extensively studied receptor protein complexes. (news-medical.net)
  • If these phosphatases are missing, the phosphate groups remain stable at the T-cell receptor and can trigger the next step of the signaling cascade. (news-medical.net)
  • The activities of adhesion and signaling receptors in platelets are controlled by several mechanisms. (frontiersin.org)
  • Two patients with complete defects in interferon gamma receptor-dependent signaling. (lu.se)
  • The exact subunit stoichiometry is not known and it is possible that more than one functional α3β4 receptor assembles in vivo with varying subunit stoichiometries. (wikipedia.org)
  • The low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDL-R) is a mosaic protein of 839 amino acids (after removal of 21-amino acid signal peptide) that mediates the endocytosis of cholesterol-rich low-density lipoprotein (LDL). (wikipedia.org)
  • CR1/CD35 and CR2/CD21 are major receptors for activated fragments of C3. (medscape.com)
  • Human complement receptor 2 (CR2/CD21) as a receptor for DNA: implications for its roles in the immune response and the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). (medscape.com)
  • Baseline receptor density and the efficiency of stimulus-response mechanisms vary from tissue to tissue. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Thus, much research in this field has sought to achieve a better understanding of the mechanisms by which Toll-like receptor signalling may be regulated. (bvsalud.org)
  • Toll-like receptors are surface molecules that are present in the host's defence cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • Browse, J. Jasmonate passes muster: a receptor and targets for the defense hormone. (nature.com)
  • The cytosolic C-terminal domain contains ~50 amino acids, including a signal sequence important for localizing the receptors to clathrin-coated pits and for triggering receptor-mediated endocytosis after binding. (wikipedia.org)
  • This is illustrated by the determination of the previously unknown structure of repeat 11 of the human mannose-6-phosphate/insulin-like growth factor II receptor (Man6P/IGFII-receptor), with 310 amino acids in the asymmetric unit, which was phased by soaking the crystals in a cryoprotectant solution containing halide anions. (rcsb.org)
  • Kainate receptors (KARs) act as prominent regulators of neuronal excitability, network activity as well as neurotransmitter release in the developing brain. (helsinki.fi)
  • Here we present structural and pharmacological data to show that the true Arabidopsis jasmonate receptor is a complex of both COI1 and JAZ. (nature.com)
  • With the help of cryo-electron microscopy, biochemists and structural biologists from Goethe University Frankfurt, in collaboration the University of Oxford and the Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, were able to visualize the whole T-cell receptor complex with bound antigen at atomic resolution for the first time. (news-medical.net)
  • The receptors are widely expressed in humans. (medscape.com)
  • A new study shows which types of olfactory receptors humans use to perceive this odorant. (leibniz-gemeinschaft.de)
  • Nevertheless, until now it was unknown which of the approximately 400 different types of olfactory receptors humans use to perceive this odorant. (leibniz-gemeinschaft.de)
  • In humans, ten Toll-like receptors have been identified and designated (TLR1-10) with different functions specific to particular microbial components. (bvsalud.org)
  • This book is ideal for budding pharmacologists and cell physiologists, both at the undergraduate and postgraduate level, who have an interest in receptor structure and function … would also be of value to students and academics of pharmacy, physiology, medicinal chemistry, and related disciplines. (routledge.com)
  • Complement and complement receptors play a critical role in immune defense by initiating the rapid destruction of invading microorganisms, amplifying the innate and adaptive immune responses, and mediating solubilization and clearance of immune complexes. (medscape.com)
  • CR1 and CR2 have been shown to influence the immune environment in a B-cell receptor-independent manner. (medscape.com)
  • They carry a special receptor called the T-cell receptor on their surface that recognizes antigens - small protein fragments of bacteria, viruses and infected or cancerous body cells - which are presented by specialized immune complexes. (news-medical.net)
  • Once they had successfully achieved this, the researchers used a trick to fish those receptors out of the preparation that had survived the process and were still functional: due to the strong interaction between the receptor complex and the antigen, they were able to 'fish' one of the most medically important immune receptor complexes. (news-medical.net)
  • Complement receptors 1 and 2 influence the immune environment in a B cell receptor-independent manner. (medscape.com)
  • The main objective of this study is to review the literature on Toll-like receptors, emphasizing the generation of signals and the immune responses developed in recognition of microbial components for these receptors. (bvsalud.org)
  • The neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) mediates the transcytosis of maternal immunoglobulin G (IgG) across fetal and/or neonatal tissues for the acquisition of passive immunity. (rcsb.org)
  • We hypothesize that cannabinoid receptors evolved in the last common ancestor of bilaterians, with secondary loss occurring in insects and other clades. (researchgate.net)
  • We hypothesize that the receptor we identified, OR5M3, has a very specific recognition spectrum for food ingredients that smell caramel-like. (leibniz-gemeinschaft.de)
  • A particular challenge on the way to structure determination was to isolate the whole antigen receptor assembly consisting of eleven different subunits from the cell membrane. (news-medical.net)
  • In insects olfactory receptors are located on the antennae and other chemo sensory organs. (answers.com)
  • Where all the ends of the sensory receptors for the sense of smel located? (answers.com)