In coinfected cells, the retroviral DNA of the avian leukosis virus can integrate into the MDV genome, producing altered biological properties compared to those of the parental MDV. (wikipedia.org)
Epidemics2
Lethal synergism between influenza virus and pneumococcus, causes excess mortality from secondary bacterial pneumonia during influenza epidemics. (wikipedia.org)
Genetic variability of hepatitis E virus within and between three epidemics in India. (unt.edu)
H5N18
Infl uenza A (H5N1) viruses are strong candidates for to person, millions of people could die, and economies causing the next infl uenza pandemic if they acquire the would likely be crippled for 6-24 months. (cdc.gov)
In the event of a pandemic, vaccination against infl u- public health goal is to make effi cacious vaccines against enza (H5N1) could limit the impact of infection at a public these viruses by using novel approaches, including cell-cul- health level. (cdc.gov)
To devel- is essential to identify tools to produce effective vaccines op effi cient vaccines, understanding how the virus interacts against infl uenza (H5N1). (cdc.gov)
Bird fl u caused by the infl uenza A virus subtype H5N1 help defi ne targets for therapeutic intervention. (cdc.gov)
Human infl uenza infections with subtype H5N1 various proinfl ammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis viruses are often fatal. (cdc.gov)
It results persons among 120 apparently healthy volunteers from the from genetic shift by reassortment exchange of the HA, and People's Republic of China, showed detectable virus-neu- sometimes the NA, with novel subtypes that have not been tralizing antibody response to subtype H5N1 before vac- present in human viruses for a long time. (cdc.gov)
Here, using crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy, we determine the structures of FluPol A from human influenza A/NT/60/1968 (H3N2) and avian influenza A/duck/Fujian/01/2002 (H5N1) viruses at a resolution of 3.0-4.3 Å, in the presence or absence of a cRNA or vRNA template. (nature.com)
Bender C, Hall H, Huang J, Klimov A, Subbarao K. Characterization of the surface proteins of influenza A (H5N1) viruses isolated from humans in 1997-1998. (unt.edu)
Proteins3
RNA viruses may escape acquired humoral and cellular immune responses by mutations in protective antigenic epitopes (e.g., avian influenza viruses), while accessory nonstructural proteins or multifunctional structural proteins interfere with the interferon system (e.g. (imperial.ac.uk)
Cells infected with this recombinant virus (gG-VAC) synthesized glycosylated proteins of 48K, 57K and 61K mol. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Our study also showed that there are no genetic differences in receptor specificity or the cleavability of the haemagglutinin proteins of these viruses regardless of whether they are of low or high pathogenicity in mink. (biomedcentral.com)
Genome1
In an effort to better understand the mechanism behind the virulence of influenza A viruses we characterized the complete genome of influenza A viruses that clearly showed different pathogenicity for mink. (biomedcentral.com)
Vaccines5
Important consideration for the strategy includes prepara- tion of vaccines from a currently circulating strain to induce of the virus. (cdc.gov)
Next-generation vaccines that utilize T cells could potentially overcome the limitations of current influenza vaccines that rely on antibodies to provide narrow subtype-specific protection and are prone to antigenic mismatch with circulating strains. (mdpi.com)
The most effective weapons against viruses are vaccines, but tese are used to prevent disease, not treat it. (bio-asli.com)
Vaccines used dead or weakened viruses that are injected into the body. (bio-asli.com)
Viruses are continually mutating and new strains emerging, so vaccines for most of them aren t available. (bio-asli.com)
Genetic3
Direct interaction of diseases occurs in the case of genetic recombination among different pathogens, for instance between Avian sarcoma leukosis virus and Marek's disease virus (MDV) in domestic fowl. (wikipedia.org)
The human immune system derives an extraordinary diversity from the process of reproduction, whereby random reassortment of countless genetic variables forms infinite numbers of unique host defence formulations. (nature.com)
Coupled with previous experimental data and genetic characterization here we tried to investigate the possible influence of different genes on the virulence of these H10 avian influenza viruses in mink. (biomedcentral.com)
Pathogens2
The frequency of gene reassortment among human pathogens is less clear than it is the among plant or animal species but of concern as animal diseases adapt to human hosts and as man new diseases comes into contact. (wikipedia.org)
Immunosuppression can be caused by pathogens such as chicken infectious anemia virus, infectious bursal disease virus, reovirus, and some retroviruses (e.g., reticuloendotheliosis virus). (imperial.ac.uk)
Rabbits and mice vaccinated with the live recombinant virus produced antibodies that recognized 48K, 57K and 61K mol. (microbiologyresearch.org)
The gG polypeptides were present on cytoplasmic and nuclear membranes during infection with both HSV-1 and recombinant vaccinia virus gG- VAC. (microbiologyresearch.org)
The resulting plasmid and the wild-type BmNPV genomic DNA were cotransfected into BM-N cells, and a recombinant virus was isolated by the limiting dilution method. (microbiologyresearch.org)
The silkworm larvae infected with the recombinant virus produced 3·6 mg of the fusion protein per larva and the infected BM-N cells produced 0·3 mg per ml of culture. (microbiologyresearch.org)
IGF II was released from the fusion protein produced by BM-N cells infected with the recombinant virus by CNBr treatment, purified by extraction with guanidine-HCl, column chromatography and HPLC and the correct amino-terminal amino acid sequence confirmed. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Virulence2
Measles virus infection in rhesus macaques: altered immune responses and comparison of the virulence of six different strains. (unt.edu)
The NS gene of mink/84 appears to have contributed to the virulence of the virus in mink by helping the virus evade the innate immune responses. (biomedcentral.com)
Polymerase1
Blydt-Hansen T, Subbarao K, Quennec P, McDonald J. Recovery of respiratory syncytial virus from stethoscopes by conventional culture and polymerase chain reaction. (unt.edu)
Strains2
This makes infl uenza A virus and 5 mild or completely asymptomatic cases have been strains able to evade neutralizing antibody from prior in- reported. (cdc.gov)
This has provided hope for the design of a universal vaccine able to prime against diverse influenza virus strains and subtypes. (mdpi.com)
Infection6
citation needed] The linkage also may not be clear, despite apparent syndemic interactions among diseases, as for example in type 2 diabetes mellitus and hepatitis C virus infection. (wikipedia.org)
Particularly the HIV virus attacks the cells of the immune system, leaving the person vulnerable to infection by any number of opportunistic organism. (bio-asli.com)
In order to better understand differences in the outcome of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) infection, we inoculated a very virulent (vv) strain into White Leghorn chickens of inbred line W that was previously reported to experience over 24% flock mortality, and three inbred lines (15I, C.B4 and 0) that were previously reported to display no mortality. (imperial.ac.uk)
The prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection in the United States, 1988 through 1994. (unt.edu)
Many viruses, including Kaposi Sarcoma Herpesvirus (KSHV), have evolved sophisticated countermeasures to extend the life of an infected host cell to support establishment of infection and virus proliferation. (mdpi.com)
Experimental infection of mink ( Mustela vison) was initially used to link the isolated influenza virus to the clinical symptoms and pathological lesions observed in the field outbreak. (biomedcentral.com)
Infections3
Evidence from animal models shows that T cells can provide heterosubtypic protection and are crucial for immune control of influenza virus infections. (mdpi.com)
Metazoans often trigger premature cell death in response to infections by larger DNA viruses as part of an immediate response to counter the viral threat. (mdpi.com)
Experimental aerosol infections of mink, using mink/84 or chicken/49, were then used to compare in more detail the pathogenesis of the two virus infections [ 8 , 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Protozoa1
This chapter describes basic principles of ecology and evolution for waterborne viruses, bacteria, and protozoa (and yeasts and molds to a lesser extent) of public health concern as an aid to better understand how selective forces may alter one's ability to assess the microbial quality of water. (nationalacademies.org)
Viral1
Morphological transformation studies have failed to demonstrate a viral oncogene, a virus-coded transforming protein or any sequence of DNA that uniquely transforms cells according to one-hit kinetics. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Herpes simpl1
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) and human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) are candidates for the induction of premalignant or malignant disease. (microbiologyresearch.org)
DNA viruses such as herpesvirus and poxvirus have multiple genes, some of them host-derived, which interfere with effective innate or acquired immune responses. (imperial.ac.uk)
Gene1
The coding sequences of the hepatitis B virus surface antigen were inserted into a baculovirus transfer vector produced from Autographa califomica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcNPV) so that the foreign gene was under the control of the AcNPV polyhedrin promoter. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Respiratory syncy1
Unprecedented outbreak of respiratory syncytial virus in Taiwan associated with ON1 variant emergence between 2010 and 2020. (cdc.gov)
Evade1
Immunoevasion is a common ploy by which viruses neutralize or evade immune responses. (imperial.ac.uk)
Analysis revealed1
Phylogenetic analysis revealed a close relationship between the viruses studied. (biomedcentral.com)
Vaccine1
Measles inclusion body encephalitis caused by the vaccine strain of measles virus. (unt.edu)
Cells3
We also show that a nanobody (a single-domain antibody) that interferes with FluPol A dimerization inhibits the synthesis of vRNA and, consequently, inhibits virus replication in infected cells. (nature.com)
In poly I:C stimulated mink lung cells the NS1 protein of influenza A virus showing high pathogenicity in mink down regulated the type I interferon promoter activity to a greater extent than the NS1 protein of the virus showing low pathogenicity in mink. (biomedcentral.com)
The chicken/49 and mink/84 virus have also been shown to differ in their ability to induce interferon (IFN) production in mink lung cells [ 8 - 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Outbreak2
The outbreak of severe respiratory disease in mink ( Mustela vison) in 1984 was linked to an avian influenza virus of subtype H10N4. (biomedcentral.com)
Only a few months after the outbreak in Swedish mink, some viruses of the H10N4 subtype were isolated from domestic and wild birds in Great Britain [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Genomic1
The ON mapping showed a close genomic relationship between the mink isolate (A/Mink/Sweden/3900/84) and the concomitant avian H10N4 viruses from fowl (A/fowl/Hampshire/378/85) and mallard (A/mallard/Gloucestershire/374/85) respectively, and a weaker genomic relationship with the H10 prototype [ 7 ] virus (A/chicken/Germany/N/49) [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Chicken1
citation needed] Both cancer-causing viruses are known to infect the same poultry flock, the same chicken, and, even the same anatomic cell. (wikipedia.org)
Establishment1
Establishment of the highly pathogenic avian viruses has been questioned ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
Severe disease2
Within each experimental group, some individuals experienced more severe disease than others but line 15I birds experienced milder disease based on average clinical scores, percentage of birds with gross pathology, average bursal lesion scores and average peak bursal virus titre. (imperial.ac.uk)
The unique property of some avian H10 viruses, particularly the ability to cause severe disease in mink without prior adaptation, enabled our study. (biomedcentral.com)
System3
The high lauric content of virgin coconut oil is known to strengthen the human immune system against microbes and viruses, said former agriculture secretary Leonardo Montemayor. (bio-asli.com)
For expressing foreign genes, a new host- vector system, with Bombyx mori silkworm larvae as the host and B. mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus (BmNPV) as the vector, has been developed. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Cloud-Based Influenza Surveillance System in Emergency Departments Using Molecular-Based Testing: Advances and Challenges. (cdc.gov)
Previously1
The retroviral vector backbone used in this study, pMSGV1, is definitely a derivative of the MSCV-based splice-gag vector (pMSGV), which uses a murine stem cell computer virus (MSCV) long terminal repeat and GLURC has been previously explained [31]. (biotechpatents.org)
Targets1
gG polypeptides were present in purified HSV-1 virions and were targets for antibody-mediated complement-dependent virus neutralization. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Research1
Better understanding of host-virus interaction lenge in epidemiology and public health research. (cdc.gov)