Rearrangement receptors antigen b cell. Medical search. Frequent questions

Targeted eradication of transformed or otherwise dysregulated cells using monoclonal antibodies (mAb), antibody-drug conjugates (ADC), T cell engagers (TCE), or chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) cells is very effective for hematologic diseases. (bvsalud.org)
The efficacy of cellular or humoral immunotherapy has been demonstrated with the success of chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy and the bispecific engager blinatumomab in treating advanced disease. (haematologica.org)
The long road to the first FDA-approved gene therapy: chimeric antigen receptor T cells targeting CD19. (cdc.gov)

The T cell receptor genes are similar to immunoglobulin genes in that they too contain multiple V, D, and J gene segments in their beta chains (and V and J gene segments in their alpha chains) that are rearranged during the development of the lymphocyte to provide that cell with a unique antigen receptor. (wikipedia.org)
The immunoglobulin lambda light chain locus contains protein-coding genes that can be lost with its rearrangement. (wikipedia.org)
Rearrangement of the genes for the beta and gamma chains of the T cell receptor is rarely observed in adult B cell lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. (jci.org)
We determined the configuration of the genes for the beta (T beta) and gamma (T gamma) chains of the T cell receptor in DNA from 100 consecutive cases of B cell lymphoma and B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL), and compared the findings with those in 18 T cell neoplasms. (jci.org)
Jawed vertebrates (gnathostomes) generate a diverse repertoire of B and T cell antigen receptors through the rearrangement of immunoglobulin V, D, and J gene fragments, whereas jawless fish (agnathans) assemble diverse lymphocyte antigen receptor genes through the genomic rearrangement of leucine-rich repeat (LRR) - encoding molecules. (scielo.br)
Selumetinib causes long-term G1 arrest accompanied by reduced expression of DNA replication and repair genes, but cells stochastically re-enter the cell cycle during treatment despite continued repression of pERK1/2. (babraham.ac.uk)
We are interested in the molecular basis for developmentally regulated rearrangement and expression of murine TCR genes. (duke.edu)
To overcome this limitation, TcR genes undergo a complex series of DNA rearrangements to produce more than one billion unique receptors. (clinlabnavigator.com)
Beta genes rearrange in the early thymocyte of stage of T cell development. (clinlabnavigator.com)
ALL cells can be recognized by their clonal rearrangement of immunoglobulin and T-cell receptor genes, expression of gene fusions, and leukemia-associated immunophenotypes. (ashpublications.org)
During B-cell development, the V, D, and J segments of the immunoglobulin genes are rearranged, with deletion and random insertion of nucleotides at the junctional sites, generating a unique gene sequence for each cell and its progeny. (ashpublications.org)
The genes encoding the components of the T-cell receptors undergo a similar process in T-cell precursors. (ashpublications.org)
Failure of epigenetic homeostasis in response to environmental factors can modify the expression of particular differentiated cells' genes, which can lead to dysregulated self-tolerance. (geneticconferences.com)
Physiologic dsDNA breaks are generated in a variety of normal cellular functions, including the RAG endonuclease-mediated rearrangement of antigen receptor genes during the normal development of lymphocytes. (biomedcentral.com)
Neuroblastoma and other cancers occur when a buildup of genetic mutations in critical genes-those that control cell proliferation or differentiation-allows cells to grow and divide uncontrollably to form a tumor. (medlineplus.gov)
At each maturation stage, expression of proteins affects the commitment to move to the next stage and cellular functions, such as rearrangement and expression of Ig genes. (lu.se)
Defects in genes and proteins important for B cell maturation cause primary immunodeficiencies (see IDbase ). (lu.se)
To create a repertoire of antigen-specific TCRs, alternative forms of genes present in somatic cells are rearranged in a process, called somatic cell recombination, by using RAG-1 and RAG-2 recombinase activating enzymes showing in above figure. (pharmacygyan.com)
The heterodimeric T-cell surface receptors, either alpha/beta (90% -95% of T cells) or gamma/delta (5% - 10% of T cells) are produced following somatic rearrangement of the T-cell receptor (TCR) genes (alpha, beta, delta, and gamma). (ohsu.edu)
PCR-based detection of rearranged T-cell receptor genes can be used to help establish a diagnosis of T-cell lymphoma, monitor for treatment response, and/or measure minimal residual disease (MRD). (ohsu.edu)
Subsequent differentiation allows for rear- analysis of a set of mouse B lineage cell lines rep- rangements of the Ig light-chain (IgL) genes that replace the resenting defined stages of B cell development us- surrogate light-chain genes on the surface of the B cell [8]. (lu.se)
To reduce the risk of analyzing cell line- pathway can be divided into distinct stages based on the specific features, we used several representative cell lines for recombination status of the Ig genes and on the expression each of four major stages in B cell development: pro-B, pre-B, pattern of surface markers and the presence of intracellular proteins [1- 6]. (lu.se)
Inoculation with a high dose strains of LMP1 transgenic mice vide a powerful tool in mechanistic of EBV caused a B-cell lymphopro- were established that express LMP1 studies on the role of individual viral liferative disorder in these mice, under the control of the immunoglob- genes in cancer. (who.int)

V(D)J recombination is the mechanism of somatic recombination that occurs only in developing lymphocytes during the early stages of T and B cell maturation. (wikipedia.org)
V(D)J recombination in mammals occurs in the primary lymphoid organs (bone marrow for B cells and thymus for T cells) and in a nearly random fashion rearranges variable (V), joining (J), and in some cases, diversity (D) gene segments. (wikipedia.org)
In the developing B cell, the first recombination event to occur is between one D and one J gene segment of the heavy chain locus. (wikipedia.org)
Scholars@Duke publication: Regulation of T cell receptor-alpha gene recombination by transcription. (duke.edu)
Here we show that blockade of transcriptional elongation through the mouse T cell receptor-alpha (Tcra) locus suppressed V(alpha)-to-J(alpha) recombination and chromatin remodeling of J(alpha) segments. (duke.edu)
Although aberrant V(D)J integration and class switch recombination can both give rise to chromosomal translocations, a role for somatic hypermutation in such genomic rearrangements has been suggested but is less clearly established. (lu.se)
Here we propose a novel computational method to identify clonotypes which are likely to be shared because of selection for their response to a common antigen, instead of convergent recombination. (elifesciences.org)
The locus encoding the T cell antigen receptor (TCR) α-chain and δ-chain (Tcra-Tcrd) undergoes recombination of its variable-diversity-joining (V(D)J) segments in CD4(-)CD8(-) double-negative thymocytes and CD4(+)CD8(+) double-positive thymocytes to generate diverse TCRδ repertoires and TCRα repertoires, respectively. (duke.edu)
Expression profiling and single-cell transcriptome clustering identified a developmental trajectory through ß-selection and revealed specific expression of the transcription factor Duxbl at a stage of high recombination activity before ß-selection. (bvsalud.org)
Recombination of many different V segments with several J segments provides a wide range of antigen recognition. (genetex.com)
The process of maturation involves recombination and rearrangements of the gene segments that code for the T-cell receptor. (world-of-peptides.com)
Simple recombination in the α-chain can result in approximately 4.9 × 103 antigen-specific TCRs. (pharmacygyan.com)
In addition, due to the great diversity of immune cell antigen receptor recombination breakpoints, only ~85% of all clonal T-cell populations will be identified with the primers utilized in this assay. (ohsu.edu)
This mechanism has allowed us to understand its critical role in T and B cell development through V(D)J recombination and class switch recombination, respectively. (molcells.org)

Lymphoproliferative disorders occur when physiological mechanisms that control proliferation of lymphocytes break down, resulting in uncontrolled proliferation of immune cells leading to lymphocytosis and lymphadenopathy. (medscape.com)
The gene XIAP encodes an antiapoptotic molecules and is broadly expressed in hematopoietic cells, including lymphocytes and NK cells. (medscape.com)
A needle aspirate of the typical, canine 'virgin' lymphoma typically consists of a pure population of immature lymphocytes (a homogenous population of round, mononuclear cells). (vin.com)
In a very interesting chapter, Z. PANCER and M. D. COOPER first consider the emergence of lymphocytes as a novel circulatory cell type in vertebrates and then discuss phylogenetic aspects of the superfamily of LRR - containing proteins and their role in immunity. (scielo.br)
Conservation of T cell receptor usage by HLA B27-restricted influenza-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes suggests a general pattern for antigen-specific major histocompatibility complex class I-restricted responses. (ox.ac.uk)
T lymphocytes recognize and respond to foreign antigens by means of specific T cell receptors (TcR). (clinlabnavigator.com)
In contrast, a polyclonal proliferation of lymphocytes is due to division of millions of different B and T cells, each containing a different set of gene rearrangements. (clinlabnavigator.com)
Sometimes T cell clonality can be inferred when the lymphocytes express a predominance of CD4 or CD8 antigens. (clinlabnavigator.com)
A slow clearance of leukemic cells by the initial course of chemotherapy, as measured by the morphologic analysis of peripheral blood or bone marrow smears 1 to 3 weeks from diagnosis, predicts a higher risk of relapse, but can be inaccurate because ALL blast cells are remarkably similar in appearance to bone marrow lymphoid precursors (alias hematogones) and, in some instances, to mature lymphocytes. (ashpublications.org)
The first demonstration that bone marrow samples apparently devoid of ALL cells may, in fact, contain measurable levels of leukemia (ie, "minimal residual disease" or MRD) was provided soon after the advent of polyclonal antisera against leukocyte antigens: combinations of cell markers were used to distinguish T-lineage ALL cells from normal immature and mature lymphocytes by immunofluorescence microscopy. (ashpublications.org)
The serine protease Granzyme B (GzB) is primarily expressed by cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer cells, and functions in allowing these cells to induce apoptosis in virally-infected or transformed cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Granzyme B (GzB) is a serine protease found in the cytoplasmic granules of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and natural killer (NK) cells. (biomedcentral.com)
However, iPS cells created by reprogramming T lymphocytes (T-iPS cells) retain the TCR gene sequence of the original T lymphocytes. (kyoto-u.ac.jp)
This process is initiated by RAG endonucleases while the lymphocytes are in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. (biomedcentral.com)
The thymus is composed predominantly of epithelial cells and lymphocytes. (findmeacure.com)
Precursor cells migrate to the thymus and differentiate into lymphocytes. (findmeacure.com)
Most of these lymphocytes are destroyed, with the remainder of these cells migrating to tissues to become T lymphocytes . (findmeacure.com)

T cell receptors recognize foreign antigens which have been processed as small peptides and bound to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules at the surface of antigen presenting cells (APC). (genetex.com)
The human genome does not contain enough unique DNA sequences to code for the vast repertoire of receptors needed to recognize all of the foreign antigens a person is exposed to during their lifetime. (clinlabnavigator.com)
The ability of T cells to recognize foreign antigens is mediated by the T cell receptor. (findmeacure.com)

Within the B-cell and T-cell categories, two subdivisions are recognized: precursor neoplasms, which correspond to the earliest stages of differentiation, and more mature differentiated neoplasms. (medscape.com)
Signal transduction down the Ras/MAPK pathway, including that critical to T cell activation, proliferation, and differentiation, has been generally considered to occur at the plasma membrane. (scielo.br)
Histamine and its receptors represent a complex system of immunoregulation with distinct effects mediated by four GPCRs (G protein-coupled receptors HRs 1-4) and their differential expression, which changes according to the stage of cell differentiation and microenvironmental influences. (hindawi.com)
Interleukin-7 (IL-7) and Flt3-ligand (FL) are two cytokines important for the generation of B cells, as manifested by the impaired B cell development in mice deficient for either cytokine or their respective receptors and by the complete block in B cell differentiation in the absence of both cytokines. (bvsalud.org)
Once tolerance mechanisms fail to block the activation and differentiation of autoreactive B cells, harmful autoantibodies may get secreted establishing autoimmune diseases. (mdpi.com)
These molecular defects interfere with lymphocyte development and function, blocking the differentiation and proliferation of T cells and, in some types, of B cells and NK cells. (medscape.com)
Comparing these transcriptional responses provides a greater understanding of the mechanisms cells use in the differentiation between types of DNA damage and the potential consequences of different sources of damage. (biomedcentral.com)
These signaling pathways are important in many cellular processes such as cell growth and division (proliferation) or maturation (differentiation). (medlineplus.gov)

It results in the highly diverse repertoire of antibodies/immunoglobulins and T cell receptors (TCRs) found in B cells and T cells, respectively. (wikipedia.org)
Our work suggests the presence of aberrant γδT cell activation and reconstitution of the TCRδ immune repertoire in response to CaOx crystal deposition. (biomedcentral.com)
In this study, we measured the quantity and activity of γδT cells in kidneys with CaOx formation, and TCR IR-Seq was used to monitor the expression pattern and clonality of the TCR repertoire in intrarenal γδT cells. (biomedcentral.com)
The development of immunoglobulin receptor repertoire sequencing methods makes it possible to perform repertoire-wide disease association studies of antigen receptor sequences. (elifesciences.org)
The B cell antigen receptor (BCR)-repertoire is capable of recognizing a nearly unlimited number of antigens. (mdpi.com)
The mature T-cells eventually enter into the general circulation where they constitute the T-cell repertoire which mediates the functions of the adaptive immune system. (world-of-peptides.com)
Thus, it is evident from the studies carried out on the thymus that the inductive environment provided by the thymus leads to the development of a functional, self-tolerant T-cell repertoire. (world-of-peptides.com)
Once mature, T cells emigrate from the thymus and constitute the peripheral T cell repertoire responsible for directing many facets of the adaptive immune system. (findmeacure.com)
Sequencing alpha and beta chains of representative V beta 5.2+ and V beta 5.6+ PB-derived clones revealed TcR which were identical to those utilized by the SF-derived clones, showing that the repertoire for recognition of this antigen is stable over time. (ox.ac.uk)

Design and standardization of PCR primers and protocols for detection of clonal immunoglobulin and T-cell receptor gene recombinations in suspect lymphoproliferations: report of the BIOMED-2 Concerted Action BMH4-CT98-3936. (ohsu.edu)

The B cell fragments were small in size and of limited size diversity when compared with the T cell cases, and germline bands of equal intensity were present. (jci.org)
The diversity of the molecules is generated by stepwise genomic rearrangements of LRR cassettes dispersed throughout the VLRB locus. (usgs.gov)
He works on elucidating mechanisms that generate antigen receptor diversity and, more generally, on mechanisms that generate and suppress genomic instability in mammalian cells, with a focus on the immune and nervous systems. (hoepli.it)
These breaks are necessary to create the vast diversity seen in lymphocyte antigen receptors. (biomedcentral.com)

Although NK precursors and immature NK cells have been identified in mice and humans, the precise sites where NK cell maturation take place are not yet fully defined. (scielo.br)
However, clear evidence for functional NK cell subsets exists in humans and the presence of NK cells in the thymus and immature NK cells in the liver suggests specific functions for NK cells in the tissues. (scielo.br)
The antigen receptor loci are the only loci in humans to undergo programmed somatic gene modification. (lu.se)
One exception is hu- humanized SCID mice, the use of al oncogenic viruses that are strictly man T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 surrogate hosts has not proven very species-specific, causing cancer in (HTLV-1): in addition to its ability to useful for defining tumour site con- humans only. (who.int)
that is histopathological y very simi- T cel s, B cel s, natural kil er cel s, LMP1 of EBV can transform ro- lar to that caused by hepatitis B vi- macrophages, and dendritic cells, dent fibroblasts and is expressed rus (HBV) in humans, but it does so and this humanized mouse model in most of the human cancers as- through a different mechanism. (who.int)

Next, an overview of several current models of hematopoietic lineage trees to identify developmental branching points between the lymphoid and myeloid cell compartments is discussed. (scielo.br)
However, shared CD123 expression on healthy hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) bears the risk for myelotoxicity. (bvsalud.org)
When transplanted into irradiated wild-type mice, lymph node cells show long-term multilineage reconstitution, further confirming the presence of functional hematopoietic progenitors therein. (bvsalud.org)
Our double transgenic mouse model shows that sustained and combined over-expression of IL-7 and FL leads to a massive expansion of most bone marrow hematopoietic progenitors and to their associated presence in peripheral lymphoid organs where they reside and potentially differentiate further, thus leading to the synergistic increase in mature lymphoid and myeloid cell numbers. (bvsalud.org)
Epigenetically regulated immune cell functions include hematopoietic lineage, antigen-receptor rearrangement, allelic exclusion, and inducible immune responses to infections . (geneticconferences.com)
1.A rare population of hematopoietic progenitor cells enter the thymus from the blood, and expands by cell division to generate a large population of immature thymocytes. (findmeacure.com)
There his work focused on transcriptional control of hematopoietic stem cell maturation and cell fate. (ubc.ca)
In addition, he identified a number of novel hematopoietic stem cell surface proteins and began analyzing their function. (ubc.ca)
His laboratory has followed two primary interests: 1) the transcription factor networks that regulate fate determination in various cells that make blood, and 2) the cell surface proteins expressed by hematopoietic stem cells that and allow them to communicate with their microenvironment. (ubc.ca)
In this regard, his lab has identified a novel family of hematopoietic cell surface proteins, called the CD34 family, and shown that these are essential for a number of developmentally important processes. (ubc.ca)

Evidence has recently been obtained that two very different recombinatorial systems for lymphocyte antigen receptor diversification appeared at the beginning of vertebrate evolution approximately 500 million years ago. (scielo.br)

For T-cell receptor gamma targets, extracted genomic DNA from blood, lymph node, bone marrow, or other tissue types are PCR amplified and subjected to next generation sequencing (NGS) library preparation with a combination of heterogeneous TCR-gamma V(variable) region and J-(joining) region primers to generate TCR-gamma receptor VJ-rearranged templates, which are then subjected to next-generation sequencing on a MiSeq instrument. (ohsu.edu)
Integrated Genomic DNA/RNA Profiling vs Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization in the Detection of MYC and BCL2 (and BCL6) Rearrangements in Large B-Cell Lymphomas: Updates Amid the New WHO Classification of Lymphoid Neoplasms. (cdc.gov)

In certain circumstances, when a lymph node is not easily accessible for excisional or incisional biopsy, a combination of core biopsy and FNA biopsies in conjunction with appropriate ancillary techniques for the differential diagnosis (immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, PCR for IGHV and TCR gene rearrangements, karyotype, and fluorescence in situ hybridization [FISH] for major translocations) may be sufficient for diagnosis. (medscape.com)
Often, T cell disorders cannot be definitively diagnosed by morphology and flow cytometry. (clinlabnavigator.com)
Assays based on polymerase chain reaction or flow cytometry can detect one ALL cell among 10,000 to 100,000 normal cells in clinical samples. (ashpublications.org)

Hydroa-like cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (hydroa-like CTCL) is an unusual pediatric malignancy with a poor prognosis. (nih.gov)
The differential diagnosis includes other cutaneous lymphomas, particularly the cutaneous nasal type T/natural killer-cell lymphoma, mycosis fungoides, precursor T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma, nonspecific peripheral T-cell lymphoma, cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma, and subcutaneous panniculitic T-cell lymphoma. (nih.gov)
Lymphoma cells were mostly of intermediate size with dense hyperchromatic nuclei, inconspicuous nucleoli, and infrequent mitosis. (nih.gov)
The lymphoma cells displayed T-cell cytotoxic phenotype. (nih.gov)
Canine lymphoma is usually a malignancy of immature cells (lymphoblasts). (vin.com)
The T cell form of lymphoma is less responsive the therapy, and has a worse long term prognosis than B cell lymphoma. (vin.com)
We conclude that ordered rearrangement of the T cell receptor is a rare event in B cell lymphoma and B-CLL. (jci.org)
We report 3 fatal cases of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma caused by human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 Australo-Melanesian subtype c. (cdc.gov)
Among HTLV-1 carriers in these regions, adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) will ultimately develop in 1%-5% ( 2 ). (cdc.gov)
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), Multiple myeloma (MM), and Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), and Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL). (codemap.com)
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) and Small Cell Lymphoma (SCLSA) are both common intestinal diseases of cats. (vin.com)
Lymphoma is a cancer that starts in cells that are part of the body's immune system. (invivoscribe.com)
A leukemia or lymphoma is derived from clonal expansion of a single abnormal cell. (clinlabnavigator.com)
TcR gene rearrangements are useful in the diagnosis of T cell malignancies such as T cell ALL and lymphoblastic lymphoma, mycosis fungoides, Sezary syndrome, T cell PLL/CLL, and adult T cell leukemia. (clinlabnavigator.com)
GzB expression is also a hallmark of the non-Hodgkin lymphoma, anaplastic lymphoma kinase-positive, anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALK+ ALCL). (biomedcentral.com)
At least 15 translocations involving the ALK gene have been identified in people with anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL), a rare form of cancer involving immune cells called T cells. (medlineplus.gov)
In conjunction with morphologic evaluation of lymph nodes, bone marrow and other tissue types the detection of a clonal T-cell gene rearrangement by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) can be used to aid a diagnosis of malignant T-cell lymphoma. (ohsu.edu)
Budget Impact Analysis of CAR T-cell Therapy for Adult Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma in Germany. (cdc.gov)
Cost-Effectiveness of Molecularly Guided Treatment in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) in Patients under 60. (cdc.gov)
High grade B-cell lymphoma with MYC, BCL2 and/or BCL6 rearrangements: unraveling the genetic landscape of a rare aggressive subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. (cdc.gov)
B-cell lymphoma 6 expression is not associated with live birth in a normal responder in vitro fertilization population. (cdc.gov)
Primary Mediastinal B-Cell Lymphoma: A 2021 Update on Genetics, Diagnosis, and Novel Therapeutics. (cdc.gov)
Prognostic Significance of MYC Rearrangement and Translocation Partner in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma: A Study by the Lunenburg Lymphoma Biomarker Consortium. (cdc.gov)
An integrated prognosis model of pharmacogenomic gene signature and clinical information for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients following CHOP-like chemotherapy. (cdc.gov)
The application of antigen receptor gene rearrangement of BIOMED-2 in the pathologic diagnosis of 348 cases with non-Hodgkin lymphoma in a single institution in Southwest of China. (cdc.gov)
Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma and High-Grade B-Cell Lymphoma: Genetic Classification and Its Implications for Prognosis and Treatment. (cdc.gov)
Gene expression profiles analysis identifies a novel two-gene signature to predict overall survival in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. (cdc.gov)
Clinical Significance of BCL2 , C- MYC , and BCL6 Genetic Abnormalities, Epstein-Barr Virus Infection, CD5 Protein Expression, Germinal Center B Cell/Non-Germinal Center B-Cell Subtypes, Co-expression of MYC/BCL2 Proteins and Co-expression of MYC/BCL2/BCL6 Proteins in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma: A Clinical and Pathological Correlation Study of 120 Patients. (cdc.gov)
Animal models for human tumour mental animals is not easy to answer does induce adult T-cell leukaemia/ viruses that make use of animal virus- for these agents, because cancer bi- lymphoma (ATLL), albeit in monkeys es are scarce. (who.int)
genic models are inadequate for number of activated CD8-positive T LMP1 was strongly expressed in the understanding the cancer etiology in cells increased considerably in the lymphoma tissues but was hardly the context of natural viral infection. (who.int)

May be normal, or may reveal abnormalities related to organ infiltration (i.e., elevated liver enzymes) or production of substances by the tumor cells. (vin.com)
Hyperproteinemia is a rare finding, and is secondary to protein production by tumor cells. (vin.com)
NK cells coordinate tumor immunosurveillance and the immune response against pathogens. (scielo.br)
At least 16 mutations in the ALK gene have been identified in some people with neuroblastoma, a type of cancerous tumor composed of immature nerve cells (neuroblasts). (medlineplus.gov)
IMT is a rare cancer characterized by a solid tumor composed of inflammatory cells and cells called myofibroblasts that are important in wound healing. (medlineplus.gov)
He has delineated the function of these molecules in diverse set of biological processes including: 1) gut and kidney formation, 2) vascular permeability, 3) mucosal inflammatory disease, 4) stem cell homing and migration, and 5) epithelial tumor progression. (ubc.ca)
Mutation analysis performed on tumor biopsies from patients with newly-diagnosed germinal center aggressive B cell lymphomas. (cdc.gov)
We develop this label-free non-invasive method to enrich rare cells from complex biofluids such as circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from blood for subsequent detailed functional and molecular characterization (detailed genetic rearrangements, molecular profiling, and nuclear receptor signalling). (lu.se)

The field of Lymphocyte Surface Antigens and Activation Mechanisms is examined in two chapters. (scielo.br)
Recently, his group has developed senstive genome-wide approaches to identify mechanisms of DNA breaks and rearrangements in normal and cancer cells. (hoepli.it)
We use our method in a proof-of-principle demonstration to map the molecular arrangement of the immunotherapy target CD20 in situ in untreated and drug-treated cells, which opens possibilities for assessing the molecular mechanisms of targeted immunotherapy. (nature.com)
It also covers mechanisms of tissue regeneration and type of cells involved symptoms crohns disease buy discount lamotrigine 25 mg line, the chemical/physical induction of repair and regeneration medications bipolar disorder buy cheapest lamotrigine and lamotrigine, how cells change their phenotype symptoms rectal cancer order 50 mg lamotrigine with amex, and somatic cloning and epigenetics. (integralbiosciences.com)
The random nature of the genetic rearrangement results in a requirement of central tolerance mechanisms to remove or inactivate those T cells which bear a T cell receptor with the ability to recognise self-peptides. (findmeacure.com)
Thus, more basic research is needed on the chemical reactions involved in the antigen formation and the immunological mechanisms. (cdc.gov)

Before they are released from the thymus, T cells generate circular fragments of DNA, dubbed T-cell receptor rearrangement excision circles, or TRECs. (sciencedaily.com)
5] Ideally, SCID can be detected in a newborn before the onset of infections, with one well-documented example by screening of T-cell-receptor excision circles. (medscape.com)

This genetic abnormality impairs B-cell maturation. (medscape.com)
Genotoxic damage causes robust alterations to pathways associated with B cell activation and increased proliferation, suggesting that genotoxic damage initiates not only the normal B cell maturation processes but also mimics activated B cell response to antigenic agents. (biomedcentral.com)
These results suggest genotoxic damage may induce a unique cancer-prone phenotype and processes mimicking activated B cell response to antigenic agents, as well as the normal B cell maturation processes. (biomedcentral.com)
Two-dimensional differential gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) and mass spectrometry (MS) based quantitative proteomics were used to study differential protein abundance in various B cell types during B cell maturation. (lu.se)
Differential protein expression was studied in eight human cell lines representing various maturation stages from early pre-B cell until terminally differentiated plasma cell (see Supplementary Table 1 ). (lu.se)
To view our previous 2DE proteomic results, click on Proteome analysis of B cell maturation. (lu.se)
To view the latest results, click on 2D-DIGE analysis of B cell maturation. (lu.se)
Here you can compare interactive 2D-DIGE images representing B cell proteomes for different maturation stages. (lu.se)
In early life, the thymus is responsible for the development and maturation of cell-mediated immunological functions. (findmeacure.com)
The main function of the thymus is to provide an area for T cell maturation, and is vital in protecting against autoimmunity. (findmeacure.com)
Recently, advances in immunology have allowed the function of the thymus in T cell maturation to be more fully understood. (findmeacure.com)
The T cell receptor undergoes genetic rearrangement during thymocyte maturation, resulting in each T cell bearing a unique T cell receptor, specific to a limited set of peptide:MHC combinations. (findmeacure.com)
There he worked with Dr. Max D. Cooper (Howard Hughes Medical Institute, National Academy of Sciences) and his research focused on cell surface proteins expressed by preB cells that regulate B cell maturation and homing. (ubc.ca)

The process ultimately results in novel amino acid sequences in the antigen-binding regions of immunoglobulins and TCRs that allow for the recognition of antigens from nearly all pathogens including bacteria, viruses, parasites, and worms as well as "altered self cells" as seen in cancer. (wikipedia.org)
These T-cell receptors mediate antigen recognition and antigen presentation. (world-of-peptides.com)
the T cell receptors (TCR) which enable recognition of the target antigens are formed by gene rearrangement involving deletion of a genome sequence. (kyoto-u.ac.jp)
CDR2s interact with the class II molecules but are not involved in antigen recognition. (pharmacygyan.com)

This occurs in the thymus by testing the cell against an array of self antigens expressed through the function of the autoimmune regulator (AIRE). (wikipedia.org)
The process of gene rearrangements is prone to errors which could lead to the development of either non-functional T-cells or T-cells which react strongly to self-antigens (autoreactive T-cells). (world-of-peptides.com)

First, the adjuvant stimulates increased activation of naïve B cells, thus reducing immune interference with previous vaccine responses. (nature.com)
For pandemic influenza vaccination, this suggests that the adjuvant could improve B cell responses by either increasing activation of naïve B cells, or by increasing the activation and adaptation of pre-existing memory B cells generated through infection or immunization with seasonal influenza from earlier years to become specific towards the pandemic strain 11 . (nature.com)
Such a finding is potentially consistent with the adjuvant working by either stimulating more naïve B cell activation, or by increasing adaptation of pre-existing memory B cells, but gives no mechanistic insight. (nature.com)
Our results indicated that CaOx crystals lead to obvious increases in the expression and activation of intrarenal γδT cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Nevertheless, the interaction between CaOx crystals and γδT cells and whether exposure to CaOx crystals induces alterations in γδT cell distribution and activation remain unknown. (biomedcentral.com)
In this review, we discuss the dualistic effects of histamine: how histamine affects inflammation of the immune system through the activation of intracellular pathways that induce the production of inflammatory mediators and cytokines in different immune cells and how histamine exerts regulatory functions in innate and adaptive immune responses. (hindawi.com)
Inflammatory conditions (e.g., allergy, asthma, and autoimmune diseases) have long been thought to be mainly mediated by the activation of histamine receptor 1 (H1R). (hindawi.com)
A general overview of the immune cascades triggered by histamine receptor activation is provided. (hindawi.com)
Following B-cell receptor activation, 2 waves of tyrosine kinase phosphorylation occur. (medscape.com)
Constitutive activation of ALK receptor tyrosine kinase may increase the proliferation of immature nerve cells, leading to neuroblastoma. (medlineplus.gov)
Further, B cell antigen receptor (BCR) activation induced proteome profiles were studied in anti-IgM stimulated Ramos cells in a time series. (lu.se)
T cell activation, for example, needs three steps: (1) The lymphocyte T cell receptor (TCR) interacts with the antigen-loaded class II molecule in the first phase. (pharmacygyan.com)
3) The T cell's CD28 binds with a B7 molecule on the APC in the last stage of the activation cycle (antigen-presenting cell). (pharmacygyan.com)
Activation does not need antigen processing by APCs or presentation by MHC molecules. (pharmacygyan.com)

The mediation occurs through interactions between epitopes of an antigen and the corresponding paratopes of the T-cell receptor. (world-of-peptides.com)
We have examined the T cell receptor (TcR) expression of clones specific for epitopes of mycobacterial 65-kDa heat-shock protein (hsp65) in the context of two different HLA molecules, and used this system as a model to assess the selection of T cells responsive to this antigen in vivo. (ox.ac.uk)

Second, the adjuvant is able to increase the adaptability of the recalled cells to give improved specificity to the new vaccine antigen. (nature.com)
To prevent these errors from occurring, the developing T-cells undergo selection based on their T-cell receptors affinity and specificity. (world-of-peptides.com)
Once more, T cell clones with identical alpha and beta TcR chains were obtained from the separate cloning procedures, suggesting oligoclonalty of T cells with this defined specificity in the patient's SF. (ox.ac.uk)

Human antibody molecules (including B cell receptors) are composed of heavy and light chains, each of which contains both constant (C) and variable (V) regions, genetically encoded on three loci: The immunoglobulin heavy locus (IGH@) on chromosome 14, containing the gene segments for the immunoglobulin heavy chain. (wikipedia.org)
The T cell receptor in this sense is the topological equivalent to an antigen-binding fragment of the antibody, both being part of the immunoglobulin superfamily. (wikipedia.org)
A fully-standardized EuroFlow 8-color antibody panel and laboratory procedure was stepwise designed to measure minimal residual disease (MRD) in B-cell precursor (BCP) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients with a sensitivity of £1025, comparable to real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RQ-PCR)-based MRD detection via antigen-receptor rearrangements. (eur.nl)
After 5 multicenter design-test-evaluate-redesign phases with a total of 319 BCP-ALL patients at diagnosis, two 8-color antibody tubes were selected, which allowed separation between normal and malignant BCP cells in 99% of studied patients. (eur.nl)
Primary B-cell immunodeficiencies refer to diseases resulting from impaired antibody production due to either molecular defects intrinsic to B-cells or a failure of interaction between B-cells and T-cells. (medscape.com)
Secondary B lymphopoiesis is an antigen-dependent process and occurs in the germinal center of peripheral lymphoid organs with specific antibody production. (medscape.com)
Centroblasts progress to centrocytes with high-affinity antibody production, then differentiate further to long-term memory cells and plasmablasts. (medscape.com)
The human immune system is capable of producing up to 10 9 different antibody species to interact with a wide range of antigens. (medscape.com)
FACS analysis of positive PEER cells (left and middle panel) or negative control Jurkat cells (right panel) using GTX79232 TCR V delta 1 antibody [TS8.2]. (genetex.com)
Inevitably, the random nature of antibody gene segment rearrangement, needed in order to provide mature B cells, will generate autoreactive specificities. (mdpi.com)
Antibody production is severely impaired even when mature B cells are present, because of the lack of T-cell help. (medscape.com)

A reactive, benign T-cell proliferation is characterized by polyclonal expansion of T-cells whereas a malignant process is characterized by clonal expansion of one T-cell population. (ohsu.edu)

Both continue their development in the bone marrow through an antigen-independent process called primary lymphopoiesis (PL). Recognized stages of PL are pro-B cell, pre-B cell, immature B cell, and mature B cell. (medscape.com)
2.Immature thymocytes each make distinct T cell receptors by a process of gene rearrangement. (findmeacure.com)
As cross-lineage TCR gene rearrangements have been reported in immature B-cell malignancies, interpretation of this test requires clinical, morphologic, and immunophenotypic correlation. (ohsu.edu)
immature cell is then subjected to negative selection to delete grouped based on their previously defined pheno- self-reactive cells before it leaves the BM to enter peripheral typic features, and a gene expression pattern for lymphoid organs, where it becomes a mature B cell [9]. (lu.se)

T-cell receptors (TCR) and B-cell receptors (BCR) are hypervariable immunoglobulins that play a key role in recognizing antigens in the vertebrate immune system. (elifesciences.org)

The WHO modification of the REAL classification of NHL is based on morphology and cell lineage. (medscape.com)
B cell progenitors, early progenitors with myeloid and lymphoid potential (EPLM), common lymphoid progenitors (CLP) and lineage-, Sca1+, kit+ (LSK) cells are all increased not only in the bone marrow but also in peripheral blood, spleen and even lymph nodes. (bvsalud.org)
The percentage of difficult to classify T cell lineage disorders is higher than B cell disorders. (clinlabnavigator.com)

Combined treatment with selumetinib and a dose of palbociclib sufficient to reinforce G1 arrest in selumetinib-sensitive cells, but not to impair proliferation of resistant cells, delays the emergence of resistant colonies, meaning that escape from G1 arrest is critical in the formation of resistant clones. (babraham.ac.uk)
B-cell disorders are divided into defects of B-cell development/immunoglobulin production ( immunodeficiencies ) and excessive/uncontrolled proliferation ( lymphomas , leukemias ). (medscape.com)
IL-7 is an important survival and proliferation factor for B cell progenitors, whereas FL acts on several early developmental stages, prior to B cell commitment. (bvsalud.org)
The fact that memory T cells lack these specific sequences," the authors note, "suggests that TRECs are diluted during the switch from naïve to memory phenotype, presumably as a result of cellular proliferation accompanying this process. (sciencedaily.com)
In X-linked SCID, loss of IL-2 receptor (IL-2R) function leads to the loss of a lymphocyte proliferation signal. (medscape.com)
Although the specific function of ALK receptor tyrosine kinase is unknown, it is thought to act early in development to help regulate the proliferation of nerve cells. (medlineplus.gov)
This process is vital to proliferation of T-cells in normal immune function, but can be exploited to aid in the distinction between reactive (benign) versus neoplastic processes of T-cell proliferation. (ohsu.edu)

AS03 and MF59 enhance innate immune responses by increasing antigen uptake and presentation in the local tissue. (nature.com)
Therefore, γδT cells are characteristic of the adoptive immune compartment with innate-like response reactions. (biomedcentral.com)
Overall, exploiting the impact of histamine on innate and adaptive immune responses may be helpful for understanding receptor signaling and trends during inflammation or regulation. (hindawi.com)
In addition to pathogenic functions of secreted IgM the IgM-BCR expressing B cell might be the initial check-point where, in conjunction with innate receptor signals, B cell mediated autoimmunity starts it fateful course. (mdpi.com)
NK cells, a component of innate immunity, are variably affected. (medscape.com)
Only the mucosa has these T cells, which serve as a link between innate and adaptive immunity. (pharmacygyan.com)

These 2 tubes were tested with a new erythrocyte bulk-lysis protocol allowing acquisition of high cell numbers in 377 bone marrow follow-up samples of 178 BCP-ALL patients. (eur.nl)
Normal plasma cells are found in the bone marrow and are an important part of the immune system. (invivoscribe.com)
SCID is considered a pediatric emergency because survival depends on expeditious stem cell reconstitution, usually by bone marrow transplantation (BMT). (medscape.com)
In the two thymic lobes, lymphocyte precursors from the bone-marrow become thymocytes, and subsequently mature into T cells. (findmeacure.com)
B lymphocyte development is a highly ordered process pro- expression analysis without the use of intermediate amplifica- ceeding from the progenitor cells in the bone marrow (BM) to tion steps. (lu.se)

Therefore, this study investigated the distribution of intrarenal γδT cells and T cell receptor δ (TCRδ) immune repertoires in response to interactions with CaOx crystals. (biomedcentral.com)
Diverse repertoires of hypervariable immunoglobulin receptors (TCR and BCR) recognize antigens in the adaptive immune system. (elifesciences.org)
chain repertoires, by establishing a near-complete list of unique receptor chain sequences, or 'clonotypes', present in a sample. (elifesciences.org)

Patients typically have recurrent infections and presentation and complications can vary depending upon where the defect has occurred in B-cell development or the degree of functional impairment. (medscape.com)
At the ß-selection checkpoint, only cells with a functional rearrangement continue in development. (bvsalud.org)
If both delta and gamma rearrangements produce functional chains, the cell expresses delta and gamma. (genetex.com)
Functional T-cells undergo positive selection and the autoreactive T-cells undergo negative selection. (world-of-peptides.com)
Studies have shown that the immunostimulant effects of Thymalin are due to the capability of the polypeptide to modulate the ratio of the subpopulations of functional immunocompetent cells. (world-of-peptides.com)
Researchers supported by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) have found that the thymus gland, which produces the immune system's T cells, appears to remain functional well into adulthood rather than just during infancy and early childhood, as current theory holds. (sciencedaily.com)

upon DDR1 inhibition was due to excess Rock and roll (rho-associated, coiled-coil-containing proteins kinase)-powered Mouse monoclonal to CD4.CD4 is a co-receptor involved in immune response (co-receptor activity in binding to MHC class II molecules) and HIV infection (CD4 is primary receptor for HIV-1 surface glycoprotein gp120). (hiv-proteases.com)
Through gene knockout studies he has shown that these molecules act as a type of molecular "Teflon" to make cells more mobile and invasive and also facilitate chemotaxis. (ubc.ca)

ERKi treatment of cells drives the poly-ubiquitylation and proteasome-dependent turnover of ERK2 and pharmacological or genetic inhibition of Cullin-RING E3 ligases prevents this. (babraham.ac.uk)
A research team led by Richard A. Koup, M.D., and Daniel C. Douek, M.D., Ph.D., of the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas, measured a genetic byproduct of T-cell development in blood samples from 10 HIV-infected and 30 uninfected individuals. (sciencedaily.com)
Rearrangements of genetic material involving the ALK gene on chromosome 2 increase the risk of developing several other types of cancer. (medlineplus.gov)
One type of rearrangement, called a translocation, exchanges genetic material between chromosome 2 and another chromosome. (medlineplus.gov)

Because ALL cells arise from the oncogenic transformation of a single lymphoid precursor, they have clonal antigen-receptor (immunoglobulin and/or T-cell receptor) gene rearrangements in most cases, which can be used to distinguish ALL cells from normal lymphoid cells (expressing gene rearrangements with different sequences) and nonlymphoid cells (lacking the rearrangements). (ashpublications.org)
In the thymus, the precursor thymocytes do develop into mature T-cells. (world-of-peptides.com)

Vaccine strategies that concentrate on stimulating T cell immunity will at best generate reactive and persisting T cell responses that can suppress virus without preventing infection, limiting or preventing the damage the virus cause. (scielo.br)

Leukocyte markers and the corresponding antibodies and fluorochromes were selected based on their contribution in separating BCP-ALL cells from normal/regenerating BCP cells in multidimensional principal component analyses. (eur.nl)

or both chains is convergent selection in response to a common antigen. (elifesciences.org)
T cell development is critically dependent on successful rearrangement of antigen-receptor chains. (bvsalud.org)
The T cell receptor is a heterodimer with two chains, one variable (V) and the other constant (C). The structure of an α/β TCR is shown in the Figure below. (pharmacygyan.com)
Complementarity determining regions (CDRs), which are hypervariable in the Vα/β-chains have actual contact with antigens. (pharmacygyan.com)

By analyzing mutation levels, it was possible to distinguish sequences from cells that were recently activated from naïve B cells from those that were activated by memory recall. (nature.com)

Although mutation- or pathway-directed targeted therapy (e.g., using tyrosine kinase inhibitors to treat Philadelphia chromosome [Ph]-positive and Phlike B-cell-ALL) is currently available for only a minority of children with ALL, many of the newly identified molecular alterations have led to the exploration of approaches targeting deregulated cell pathways. (haematologica.org)
The ALK gene provides instructions for making a protein called ALK receptor tyrosine kinase, which is part of a family of proteins called receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). (medlineplus.gov)
Mutations in the ALK gene change single protein building blocks (amino acids) in ALK receptor tyrosine kinase. (medlineplus.gov)
This phenomenon, known as gene amplification, results in overexpression of ALK receptor tyrosine kinase. (medlineplus.gov)
Mutated or overexpressed ALK receptor tyrosine kinase no longer requires stimulation from outside the cell to be phosphorylated. (medlineplus.gov)

These proteins either bind to or mimic antigens on RBC or platelet membranes, resulting in Ab-Ag complex formation and immune mediated destruction of these cells. (vin.com)
Rapid and comprehensive analysis of putative proteinous allergens ( allergenome ) by applying such a proteomic strategy … With allergenomics, we can not only detect and assign the putative allergens (proteins specifically interacting with IgE antibodies in a patient's blood) in a short time, but also analyze the quantitative and qualitative change of the antigens, depending on the surroundings and environmental conditions of an allergenic causative. (genomicglossaries.com)

We have established a method of inducing redifferentiation of rejuvenated cytotoxic T cells in large quantities from antigen-specific human T-iPS cells. (kyoto-u.ac.jp)

While most lymphomas arise from B cells, a subset will arise from T cells. (vin.com)
T cell receptor gene studies allow B and T cell lymphomas to be distinguished from each other and from common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen-positive non-T, non-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia. (jci.org)
For example, GzB expression in urothelial carcinoma was implicated in promoting tumour cell invasion, whereas its expression in nasal-type NK/T lymphomas was found to correlate with increased apoptosis. (biomedcentral.com)
T-cell lymphomas account for approximately 15% of non-Hodgkin lymphomas and may pose a diagnostic challenge on the basis of histopathology alone and particularly in early stages of disease. (ohsu.edu)

The variable lymphocyte receptors (VLRs) consist of leucine rich repeats (LRRs) and comprise the humoral antibodies produced by lampreys and hagfishes. (usgs.gov)
Previously, target-specific monovalent VLRB antibodies were isolated from sea lamprey larvae after immunization with model antigens. (usgs.gov)
cells are activated by interaction with antigens and obtain T indicated that the cell lines representing a defined cell help, they mature into terminally differentiated plasma stage generally presented a high similarity in over- cells secreting large amounts of antibodies [10 -12]. (lu.se)

Unlike the breakthrough progress achieved for B cell malignancies, there is a pressing need to find suitable antigens for myeloid malignancies. (bvsalud.org)
CD123, the interleukin-3 (IL-3) receptor alpha-chain, is highly expressed in various hematological malignancies, including acute myeloid leukemia (AML). (bvsalud.org)

T cell receptor (TcR) usage was studied using the "anchored" polymerase chain reaction. (ox.ac.uk)

There is still residual T-cell lymphopoiesis throughout the adult life. (world-of-peptides.com)

Molecular analysis of the beta TcR gene rearrangements provides the most definitive assessment of T cell clonality. (clinlabnavigator.com)

Hypercalcemia is a paraneoplastic syndrome that occurs secondary to malignant cell production of a parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTH-rp). (vin.com)
Our findings demonstrate that acquisition of MEK inhibitor resistance often occurs through gene amplification and can be suppressed by impeding cell cycle entry in drug. (babraham.ac.uk)
Secondary T lymphopoiesis is also an antigen-dependent process and occurs in the thymus. (medscape.com)

NIAID-supported researchers have found evidence that although HIV infection may adversely affect the thymus, the gland continues to produce new T cells after the infection is suppressed by intensive anti-HIV therapy. (sciencedaily.com)
Drs. Koup, Douek and their colleagues hypothesized that the presence of TRECS would identify T cells that had recently left the thymus and thus serve as a marker of thymic output. (sciencedaily.com)
Loss of IL-7R function leads to the loss of an antiapoptotic signal, resulting in a loss of T-cell selection in the thymus. (medscape.com)
Thymoma , the most common neoplasm of the anterior mediastinum , originates within the epithelial cells of the thymus . (findmeacure.com)
The importance of the thymus in the immune system was discovered in 1961 by Jacques Miller , by surgically removing the thymus from three day old mice, and observing the subsequent deficiency in a lymphocyte population, subsequently named T cells after the organ of their origin. (findmeacure.com)

Lymphoproliferative disorders (LPDs) in children represent a heterogeneous group of conditions characterized by the expansion of monoclonal or polyclonal lymphoid cells in the setting of immune dysfunction. (medscape.com)
T-cell receptor gamma (TCRgamma) displayed monoclonal-type rearrangement in four cases studied. (nih.gov)
Detection of a TcR gene rearrangement indicates that a monoclonal population of T cells is present. (clinlabnavigator.com)

The alpha-beta receptor is expressed on 95% of mature T cells, whereas the remaining 5% of T cells express a gamma-delta receptor. (clinlabnavigator.com)
Human gamma delta T-cells in the epithelium of the gut and in the inflamed synovial tissue preferentially express the V gamma 8 T-cell receptor chain. (ox.ac.uk)

Until an adaptive response is developed, a strong / T cell response localizes the microorganism in the mucosa. (pharmacygyan.com)

Moreover, while there are several DNA-PK inhibitors currently being evaluated in the clinical trials in attempt to increase the efficacy of radiotherapy or chemotherapy, multiple functions and subcellular localization of DNA-PKcs in various types of cells may further complicate the effects at the cellular and organismal level. (molcells.org)

B and T cells, type 2 dendritic cells, and natural killer (NK) cells share a common ancestor: common lymphoid progenitor (CLP). (medscape.com)
and (5) some of the daughter cells will act as progenitor cells. (pharmacygyan.com)

These findings identify Duxbl as a regulator of ß-selection by inducing apoptosis in cells with a nonfunctional rearrangement. (bvsalud.org)
The T cell becomes nonfunctional for a lengthy period if these three interactions do not occur. (pharmacygyan.com)

All malignant cells contain an identical gene rearrangement pattern that is easily identifiable by Southern blot analysis. (clinlabnavigator.com)

CLP differentiates into 2 intermediate progenitors: early B cells and T/NK/dendritic trilineage cells. (medscape.com)
Memory cells travel to the primary follicle, where, after exposure to dendritic cells, they differentiate into centroblasts (immunoglobulin class-switch). (medscape.com)
Lymphoid, myeloid and dendritic cell numbers are increased compared to mice over-expressing either of the two cytokines alone and the effect on their expansion is synergistic, rather than additive. (bvsalud.org)

In contrast, T cell specimens usually rearranged both alleles of T beta (15 of 18), the rearrangement could be confirmed with a second restriction enzyme (17 of 18), both alleles of the first constant region gene segment of T beta always underwent either rearrangement or deletion, and the T gamma gene was also rearranged or deleted (17 of 18). (jci.org)

Peripheral blood examination revealed lymphocytosis (22.4 × 10 9 /L) with atypical lymphoid cells. (cdc.gov)

Anatomy31

Organisms13

Diseases14

Chemicals and Drugs116

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment25

Phenomena and Processes65

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