• There are a number of reactive nitrogen oxide species, such as N2O3 and ONOO-, that can alter critical cellular components under high local concentrations of NO. However, NO can also abate the oxidation chemistry mediated by reactive oxygen species such as H2O2 and O2- that occurs at physiological levels of NO. In addition to the antioxidant chemistry, NO protects against cell death mediated by H2O2, alkylhydroperoxides, and xanthine oxidase. (researchgate.net)
  • 1/2 GSSG + RH Aside from deactivating radicals and reactive oxidants, glutathione participates in thiol protection and redox regulation of cellular thiol proteins under oxidative stress by protein S-glutathionylation, a redox-regulated post-translational thiol modification. (wikipedia.org)
  • All animals depend on oxygen, yet oxygen can be very reactive and cause damage to proteins and genetic material. (usda.gov)
  • The sulfur amino acids, cysteine and methionine, are the main targets of reactive oxygen species in proteins. (usda.gov)
  • Recent evidence suggests selenoprotein W and the six other small thioredoxin-like mammalian selenoproteins may serve to transduce hydrogen peroxide signals into regulatory disulfide bonds in specific target proteins. (usda.gov)
  • It has been shown to protect critical molecules in the body such as lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids from free radicals and reactive oxygen species (1). (nutrametrix.com)
  • ROS can react with proteins, nucleic acids, and can cause lipids cell and tissue damage and can be measured using selective or general indicators. (creativebiomart.net)
  • Through these mechanisms, GSH helps to prevent oxidative damage to proteins, lipids, and DNA in neurons, which can lead to cell death. (cellg8.com)
  • Since ROS and RNS have been a highly reactive molecule it will cause some alteration to vital biological proteins, carbohydrates, DNA, lipids and other molecules, further prelude to physiological dysfunction of cells and pathologic condition like diabetes, heart diseases and cancer. (ijpsr.com)
  • If hydrogen peroxide is not broken down by catalase, additional reactions convert it into compounds called reactive oxygen species that can damage DNA, proteins, and cell membranes. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Generation of reactive oxygen species from silicon nanowires. (cdc.gov)
  • To study this possibility, we treated two groups of domesticated birds and rabbits with different dosages of gallotannic acid (GTA), a compound known to cause generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). (niscpr.res.in)
  • The generation of reactive nitrogen/oxygen species (RN/OS) represents an important mechanism in erythropoietin (EPO) expression and skeletal muscle adaptation to physical and metabolic stress. (ironmagazine.com)
  • Exogenous agents are also impli- aldehyde) to form various pro-mu- tion, resisting cell death, enabling cated in the generation of reactive tagenic exocyclic adduct s (Bartsch replicative immortality, inducing oxygen. (who.int)
  • Free radicals, more accurately described as atoms or molecules with unpaired electrons, are highly reactive and readily undergo chemical reactions (1). (nutrametrix.com)
  • This causes highly reactive molecules known collectively as free radicals to be produced, which can bind to other molecules in cells and stop them from working properly. (elifesciences.org)
  • This group easily donates protons to other molecules, causing glutathione to be highly reactive. (xtend-life.com)
  • Catalase is active in cells and tissues throughout the body, where it breaks down hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) molecules into oxygen (O 2 ) and water (H 2 O). Hydrogen peroxide is produced through chemical reactions within cells. (medlineplus.gov)
  • In 1994 German scientists published the results of an in-vitro study that suggest that the concentration of H2O2 decreases in an oxygen-deprived atmosphere, and that this leads to an increase in EPO synthesis. (ironmagazine.com)
  • It significantly increased serum concentrations of nitric oxide (NO), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and pro-oxidative products such as 8-isoprostanes (8-iso), lipid peroxides (LPO) and protein carbonyls (PC). (ironmagazine.com)
  • Organisms in all three superkingdoms of life have developed elaborate mechanisms to protect against such oxidative damage and to exploit reactive oxygen species as sensors and signals in myriad processes. (usda.gov)
  • It has also been shown to reduce the lipid oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles, thus promoting cardiovascular health (6). (nutrametrix.com)
  • The relationship between the physicochemical properties of antioxidants and their ability to inhibit lipid oxidation in bulk oil and oil-in-water emulsions. (harvard.edu)
  • Benzoyl peroxide increases UVA-induced plasma membrane damage and lipid oxidation in murine leukemia L1210 cells. (harvard.edu)
  • Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycaemia with hampered metabolism of vital biological components like carbohydrate, protein and lipids. (ijpsr.com)
  • In TCM, the treatment of NAFLD mainly focused on the holism of hepatoprotection, which manifests as various forms and features in mechanism, including anti-oxidant stress, lipid metabolism modulation, anti-inflammation, anti-fibrosis and gut microbiota modulation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Metabolism of glutathione peroxidase, can further inflammation, and - along with oth- many exogenous agents through cy- convert these reactive species to er radical species - play key roles tochrome P450-mediated reactions wate r (Benzie, 2000) . (who.int)
  • Treatment with matrine resulted in a significant reduction in GPX4 protein levels and a concurrent increase in lipid peroxide and Fe2+ content, suggesting matrine-induced modulation of ferroptosis. (bvsalud.org)
  • At the end of the running session the researchers found less creatine-kinase, fewer 8-isoprostanes, less lipid peroxide and less protein carbonyl in the blood of the experimental group members than in the blood of the placebo group members. (ironmagazine.com)
  • The A549 cells pretreated with nonlethal extract concentrations protected against hydrogen-peroxide-induced cytotoxicity, an antioxidant effect more effective than the combination of equimolar concentrations of thymol/carvacrol. (hindawi.com)
  • On the other hand, partially reduced oxygen can react indiscriminately with biomolecules to cause genetic damage, disease, and even death. (usda.gov)
  • We hypothesized that TRPA1 channels in endothelial cells are activated by hypoxia-derived reactive oxygen species, leading to cerebral artery dilation and reduced ischemic damage. (elifesciences.org)
  • Radiation-induced red cell damage: role of reactive oxygen species. (harvard.edu)
  • Glutathione has strong antioxidant properties, meaning that it protects cells from the damage that occurs when chemicals react with oxygen. (xtend-life.com)
  • 3)Cellular membrane damage and lipid peroxide following exposure of the skin to ultraviolet rays. (sugiyama-pharmacy.com)
  • In such conditions formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) can damage biological membranes and cell structures. (unios.hr)
  • For example, hydrogen peroxide produced by bacteria in the mouth may accumulate in and damage soft tissues, leading to mouth ulcers and gangrene. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The unique chemistry of oxygen has been both a resource and threat for life on Earth for at least the last 2.4 billion years. (usda.gov)
  • RÉSUMÉ L'objectif de la présente étude était d'évaluer l'efficacité d'un programme d'exercice sur tapis roulant électronique sur le malondialdéhyde, en tant que marqueur de la peroxydation lipidique et sur une enzyme antioxydante, le glutathion peroxydase, chez des adolescents atteints du Syndrome de Down. (who.int)
  • A shortage of this enzyme can allow hydrogen peroxide to build up to toxic levels in certain cells. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Early detection of diving-related cognitive impairment of different nitrogen-oxygen gas mixtures using critical flicker fusion frequency. (daneurope.org)
  • The Total Lipid Hydroperoxide ELISA Assay Kit is intended for the quantitative determination of peroxides in EDTA-plasma, serum and cell culture supernatants. (eaglebio.com)
  • New research is revealing that the side reactions of oxygen are used to convey important biological information as signals within and between cells. (usda.gov)
  • The Total Lipid Hydroperoxide ELISA Assay kit allows an easy, rapid and precise quantitative determination of the total peroxides in biological samples. (eaglebio.com)
  • SOR), hydrogen peroxide, and 2, 2-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical activity by a model (most biological y active) of the anticancer plant was also evaluated. (who.int)
  • Reduction of oxygen to water allows extraction of more metabolic energy from organic fuels than is possible through anaerobic glycolysis. (usda.gov)
  • A free radical known as 4-HNE binds to TRPA1, but it is not clear if this enables the channel to directly sense the levels of oxygen in the brain. (elifesciences.org)
  • METHODS: Antiviral assays were conducted according to EN 14476 (2019) against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), H1N1 influenza A virus, and adenovirus type 5 (Ad-5) as enveloped and non-enveloped viral models to assess the synergistic interaction of CHG and natural additive compounds. (bvsalud.org)
  • 2012). Neuroinflammatory processes in the brain are believed to play a crucial role in the development of neurodegenerative diseases, especially due to increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) (Zheng et al. (lww.com)
  • The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of flow cytometry as a novel method to assess the viability of pathogenic bacteria after hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) exposure. (daneurope.org)
  • Because of its chemical similarity to sulfur and stronger nucleophilicity and acidity, selenium is an extremely efficient catalyst of reactions between sulfur and oxygen. (usda.gov)
  • Results showed that while lipid peroxides were increased, white blood cell (WBC) count was decreased significantly in all treated groups. (niscpr.res.in)