• There are a number of reactive nitrogen oxide species, such as N2O3 and ONOO-, that can alter critical cellular components under high local concentrations of NO. However, NO can also abate the oxidation chemistry mediated by reactive oxygen species such as H2O2 and O2- that occurs at physiological levels of NO. In addition to the antioxidant chemistry, NO protects against cell death mediated by H2O2, alkylhydroperoxides, and xanthine oxidase. (researchgate.net)
  • Welding fume-induced generation of reactive oxygen species and activation of inflammatory signaling pathways in RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages. (cdc.gov)
  • The goal was to examine the potential mechanisms by which welding fumes with different metal compositions may generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) and activate inflammatory signaling pathways in an in vitro model. (cdc.gov)
  • Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in NTDT patients is caused by 2 major mechanisms. (hindawi.com)
  • Oxidative damage by reactive oxygen species (generated by free globin chains and labile plasma iron) is believed to be one of the main contributors to cell injury, tissue damage, and hypercoagulability in patients with thalassemia. (hindawi.com)
  • These 3 clinical entities are the ones suggested such that reactive oxygen species are an integral player in the development of disease specific complications. (hindawi.com)
  • Ozone is a highly reactive, unstable connection of three oxygen atoms. (irceline.be)
  • These highly reactive, toxic substances are known as reactive oxygen species. (medlineplus.gov)
  • As a result, phagocytes are unable to produce reactive oxygen species to kill foreign invaders and neutrophil activity is not regulated. (medlineplus.gov)
  • As a result, fewer reactive oxygen species are produced when foreign invaders trigger an immune reaction. (medlineplus.gov)
  • This lack of reactive oxygen species causes the body to overcompensate by activating more immune cells and producing more immune proteins. (medlineplus.gov)
  • It may be that arthritic synovial tissue produces reactive oxygen intermediates (free radicals) with which titanium has a unique anti-inflammatory interaction in vitro. (lu.se)
  • Reactive sulfur species (RSS) are a family of sulfur-based chemical compounds that can oxidize and inhibit thiol-proteins and enzymes. (wikipedia.org)
  • This process is frustratingly exacerbated by an unfortunate dichotomy whereby the inexpensive in vitro cell culture systems used for tier 1 screening contribute to failures due to their inabiliy to model the complexity and parallel systems interaction inherent in whole animal models (which are responsible for up to 92% of new compound failures at the clinical level) and because they are not capable of demonstrating species-specific effects. (inknowvation.com)
  • NO and its relative peroxynitrite are reactive nitrogen species that are toxic to many bacteria. (rochester.edu)
  • There is probably no single one chemical exposure responsible for these illnesses, but more likely a mixed exposure of chemical classes such as particulate matter and oxygenated organic species (oxidized volatile organic compounds that are likely biologically reactive and potentially cause cell damage and increase susceptibility to disease). (cdc.gov)
  • This study aimed to measure the levels of volatile sulfur compounds and investigate the occurrence of halitosis in patients with gingivitis and periodontitis. (nature.com)
  • Volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) are produced through the decay of sulfur-containing amino acids 7 . (nature.com)
  • Ozone in the lower air layer (the troposphere) at ground level is formed on hot days by the influence of sunlight (UV of ultraviolet light) on air polluted with nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds. (irceline.be)
  • enough nitrogen oxides (NO x ) and volatile organic compounds (VOC) have to be present in the atmosphere, and in correct ratios. (irceline.be)
  • The possible answers to these questions might be found in investigating the chemistry of volatile organic compounds found in the indoor environment, developing new sampling methods, and improving assessments of chemical health effects. (cdc.gov)
  • Some of these are volatile organic compounds, meaning they evaporate into the air, and others are non-volatile, meaning they adhere to the surface. (cdc.gov)
  • Substances like biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOC), the various nitrogen oxides, carbonaceous particles, ozone or methane act in the atmosphere either directly as greenhouse gases and aerosols, or as key precursors for greenhouse gases and secondary organic aerosol. (lu.se)
  • Carbonyls, especially aldehydes, are a group of harmful volatile organic compounds that are found in tobacco smoke. (cdc.gov)
  • Accurate quantitation of the reactive and volatile carbonyls in cigarette smoke is essential to assessing and characterizing tobacco products, both conventional and/or new emerging ones. (cdc.gov)
  • Low-molecular-weight carbonyl compounds such as formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and acrolein are difficult to accurately analyze because they are highly volatile, reactive, and water-soluble. (cdc.gov)
  • The problem is further compounded by the fact that lithium is highly chemically reactive with its electrolyte. (ieee.org)
  • Hi-Temp is a chemically reactive, non-abrasive purge utilizing a PET carrier resin. (slideproducts.com)
  • Many of them are foreign to our some cases, xenobiotics are chemically reactive, and in other organism, so-called xenobiotics. (cdc.gov)
  • Elderberry contains diversely bioactive ingredients, such as (poly)phenolic compounds and terpenoid compounds. (bvsalud.org)
  • When chlorine dioxide reacts with dissolved organic compounds in water-treatment systems, it forms disinfection by-products, such as chlorite and chlorate ions. (cdc.gov)
  • Sodium azide reacts violently with many common laboratory organic compounds and metals. (k-state.edu)
  • Due to its high atomic number and ease of attachment to organic compounds , it has also found favour as a non-toxic radiocontrast material. (wikipedia.org)
  • NIOSH research has shown that when combined with ozone, one of the common components of pine oil cleaners, alpha-terpineol, transforms into many oxygenated organic compounds in both the gas-phase and on surface reactions creating new products potentially harmful to those exposed. (cdc.gov)
  • Common among these 10 interactions of organic compounds, their power to detect excess cancer agents is the electrophilic nature of or their metabolites, with DNA and R 1 risk at particular sites. (who.int)
  • It is both highly toxic and reactive. (k-state.edu)
  • We have determined that gonococci are highly resistant to the toxic effects of both of these compounds. (rochester.edu)
  • Tobacco smoke contains more than 4000 chemicals, including carcinogenic and toxic carbonyl compounds (e.g., formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and acrolein).1,2 The amount of many individual carbonyl compounds in mainstream smoke is typically in the range of micrograms per cigarette.3 A risk assessment by Fowles and Dybing4 on chemical constituents in cigarette smoke suggested that mainstream smoke gas-phase constituents contribute heavily toward the cancer risk indices. (cdc.gov)
  • With a Author Manuscript convenient smoke collection apparatus, a 4 min sample analysis time, and a low- or submicrogram detection limit, this new method not only simplifies and speeds the detection of an important class of chemical constituents in mainstream smoke but also reduces reactive losses and provides a more accurate assessment of carbonyl levels in smoke. (cdc.gov)
  • The new material also resists converting to larger, less-reactive aggregates before it is used. (medgadget.com)
  • Direct trace analyses of these reactive compounds are problematic compared with less reactive volatiles in smoke.14 Therefore, many stable derivative approaches have been developed. (cdc.gov)
  • The latter are compounds that neutralize free radicals, highly reactive compounds that damage cells, DNA, and collagen. (eurekalert.org)
  • Elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.) is rich in many bioactive compounds and exhibits diverse health functions, of which an understanding can be helpful for its better utilization in the food industry. (bvsalud.org)
  • This review mainly summarizes recent studies about the bioactive compounds and health functions of elderberry, highlighting the potential mechanism of action. (bvsalud.org)
  • Recent studies report that some food processing methods can affect the content of bioactive compounds in elderberry. (bvsalud.org)
  • Diethanolamine is a highly reactive compound. (cdc.gov)
  • Overall, a general building principle for highly reactive, liquid diacrylamides via synergistic combination of optimally arranged functional groups could be identified. (beilstein-journals.org)
  • CITROCOAT ® EP is an agglomerated effervescent compound, bringing citric acid and sodium bicarbonate together in the right composition to create a highly reactive but storage-stable effervescent powder. (jungbunzlauer.com)
  • These light gases are then converted to highly reactive propylene (raw material for polypropylene) and butylene (raw material for butadiene and polybutadiene) via dehydrogenation. (amrita.edu)
  • It is a colorless, flammable, and highly reactive liquid with a pungent odor. (blogarama.com)
  • Dicarbonyl compounds are highly reactive precursors of Advanced Glycation End-products (AGEs), produced endogenously, present in certain foods, and formed during food processing. (lu.se)
  • Changes in inflammatory markers, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and fecal calprotectin (FCP) were assessed at week 2 and quality of life (QoL) at weeks 2 and 8. (nih.gov)
  • A recent meta-analysis aimed to describe the relationship between C-reactive protein levels and erectile dysfunction. (news-medical.net)
  • Compounds are made of two or more atoms of different elements, such as water (H 2 O) and methane (CH 4 ). (hawaii.edu)
  • Molecules of compounds have atoms of two or more different elements. (hawaii.edu)
  • In photosynthesis, the CO2 molecule is initially bonded to nitrogen atoms, making reactive compounds called carbamates. (motherjones.com)
  • The graphite-like compound is made from flat layers of carbon and nitrogen atoms arranged in hexagons. (motherjones.com)
  • Selective alcohol dehydrogenation on heterogeneous catalysts is a key industrial reaction for production of aldehydes, ketones, and carboxylic compounds. (jyu.fi)
  • These less stable compounds can then be broken down, allowing the carbon to be used in the synthesis of other plant products, such as sugars and proteins. (motherjones.com)
  • Ozone-depleting substances were frequently used in the chemical industry, for example as coolant or as disinfectant in agriculture, and are very stable chemical compounds, allowing them to remain in the atmosphere for a long time. (irceline.be)
  • When it reacts in water, chlorine dioxide forms chlorite ion, which is also a very reactive chemical. (cdc.gov)
  • There is also the point that the original Chemical Reaction Package interface specification was developed at a time where version 1.0 of Thermodynamic and Physical Properties interface specification was the only version available while there is a large overlap between reactions and version 1.1 of the Thermodynamic and Physical Properties interface specification , including compound definition and material context. (colan.org)
  • Four main concepts were dealt with: Chemical Reaction Server, Reactive Phase Equilibrium, Compound Slate and Custom Data Storage on Material Object. (colan.org)
  • 1. PUBLIC HEALTH STATEMENT very reactive chemical. (cdc.gov)
  • Researchers at Sandia National Lab have discovered that by substituting the gallium atom in the compound, the new chemical performs at a much higher effective rate. (medgadget.com)
  • So, let's roll up our sleeves and uncover the secrets of this versatile chemical compound. (blogarama.com)
  • Hydrazine hydrate is a powerful chemical compound composed of hydrazine (N2H4) and water (H2O). (blogarama.com)
  • With an average of 10,000 novel molecules that must be screened for each new lead compound developed, and an average of 10 to 15 years of research and development at a cost of up to $1B to manufacture one new drug, pharmaceutical companies must develop new testing regimens that provide more data at a lower cost in order to achieve the economics necessary to remain profitable. (inknowvation.com)
  • The drug discovery process requires that upwards of 10,000 molecules be screened for each new lead compound developed and relies upon an expensive and time consuming combination of in vitro cell culture-based and in vivo whole animal-based models to identify, validate, and ensure the safety of any resulting potential therapeutic agents. (inknowvation.com)
  • Sodium Azide (NaN 3 ) is an inorganic compound commonly used as the gas forming agent in airbag systems. (k-state.edu)
  • John Fauth: Reactive silicates (sodium silicate, potassium silicate, lithium silicate. (concreteconstruction.net)
  • 6] Dehydration and the presence of levodopa metabolites, mesna (sodium mercaptoethanesulfonate), and other sulfhydryl-containing compounds may cause false-positive testing results. (medscape.com)
  • Omega-3 rich oil and an interesting amino acids profile were detected in the seeds as well as the presence of a high content of polyphenolic compounds, including two structurally new compounds (phenylpropane derivatives) which were isolated and structurally characterized. (ac.be)
  • The two compounds described here for the first time, were named amolsamic acids A&B. The seeds and amolsamic acids showed an interesting antioxidant potential, and a strong anti-inflammatory activity on neutrophils, MPO and HRP models. (ac.be)
  • OK, so we're finishing up on talking about aromatic compounds, about the chemistry of benzene. (yale.edu)
  • So much recent chemistry is on other subjects, but much of the classical work was on aromatic compounds, and they still are important. (yale.edu)
  • And about triphenylmethyl, which was a particularly important compound for the development of chemistry in the U.S. (yale.edu)
  • But likewise, an increasing number of studies demonstrate that, beyond CO 2 , atmospherically fast reactive substances that are emitted or consumed by the terrestrial biota, including by vegetation fires, also play a significant role for our understanding of the climate system. (lu.se)
  • Fluidized Catalytic Cracking (FCC) units convert high molecular compounds (from atmospheric distillation and vacuum distillation units) to light gases. (amrita.edu)
  • The major compounds in the light gases are methane, ethane, propane and butane. (amrita.edu)
  • Never dissolve in chlorinated solvents (chloroform, dichloromethane) as these solvents will react to form explosive compounds. (k-state.edu)
  • It is likely that these biomaterials interact differently with inflammatory cells or intermediary compounds. (lu.se)
  • Most of these dissipating cures adhere to ASTM C309 which often dictates the curing compound to be used. (concreteconstruction.net)
  • Diisocyanates are only used as reactive chemicals - they react with the polyol to form the polyurethane product, and are used up during the reaction. (intertronics.co.uk)
  • Most of these ozone-depleting compounds are forbidden by now, but because of their long lifespan it can still take many years before the ozone layer will regain its original thickness. (irceline.be)
  • This provides an uninterrupted stream of visual data over the lifetime of the reporter cell as it interacts and reacts to compound exposure at both its pre- and post-biotransformed states. (inknowvation.com)
  • This high-performance ball from Track uses the I-Core 3.0 core which is covered with the QR-11 hybrid reactive coverstock. (bowling.com)
  • Because chlorine dioxide is very reactive, it is able to kill bacteria and microorganisms in water. (cdc.gov)
  • There, most of these compounds are fermented by gut bacteria. (eurekalert.org)
  • The resulting 20-nanometer-thick nanosphere layer, which is fully described in the journal Nature Nanotechnology , is flexible and non-reactive to protect the lithium against both the lithium ions and the electrolyte. (ieee.org)
  • Chlorine dioxide is soluble in water and will react rapidly with other compounds. (cdc.gov)
  • Up to 92% of failures for these new compounds at the clinical level are related to cytotoxicity, which often onl manifests during the costly and time consuming process of whole animal testing. (inknowvation.com)
  • Compounds which restore enzymatic activity by removing an inhibitory group bound to the reactive site of the enzyme. (bvsalud.org)
  • Superoxide is used to generate several other compounds, including hydrogen peroxide (a strong disinfectant) and hypochlorous acid (the active ingredient in bleach). (medlineplus.gov)
  • Carbonyls have reactive functional groups and thus are challenging to quantitatively measure in cigarette smoke. (cdc.gov)
  • To overcome these detractions and develop an improved tier 1 screening system that reduces the cost and time required for new compound evaluation, 490 BioTech proposes to develop a panel of multiple continuously bioluminescent human cell lines that will permit the simultaneous monitoring of each line to ascertain both the individual effects of compound treatment as well as the downstream effects of a compound's biotransformed metabolic breakdown products in real-time. (inknowvation.com)
  • For metabolized to reactive electro- icity in humans, but the classification bis(chloromethyl)ether (BCME), the philes. (who.int)
  • By means of extrusion, reactive extrusion and compounding processes we can produce custom-made materials to fulfil specific requirements. (cidaut.es)
  • Issues with the proposal made at the CAPE-OPEN 2012 Annual Meeting are known: for example no reactive phase equilibrium calculator defined. (colan.org)
  • Polyurethane products, including adhesives and potting compounds, are made by reacting diisocyanates and polyols . (intertronics.co.uk)
  • This, she says, is because there are no specific compounds in wine that can be linked to the stony flavours or aromas we think of as mineral. (decanter.com)
  • Targeted radioligand therapy is a type of precision medicine combining two key elements: a targeting compound, or ligand, and a radioactive isotope, causing DNA damage that inhibits tumor growth and replication. (novartis.com)
  • The properties of elements and compounds are determined by their structures. (hawaii.edu)
  • I think minerality might come from a complex of sulphur compounds found naturally in the grapes - not the sulphites added as preservative,' says Dr Hildegarde Heymann, a professor of enology at UC Davis who specialises in the descriptive analysis of wine. (decanter.com)
  • The term has no reference to any specific compounds, or any proven basis in science - at least not yet. (decanter.com)